被动语态的用法及练习
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被动语态的用法及练习
(一)语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如:They built the bridge.
The bridge was built by them.
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+施动者”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
1. 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般将来时的被动语态:
(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词
(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done
例如:He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。
情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点:情态动词+be+过去分词
(三)被动语态的用法
1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:
the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
(1) 通常的办法是:将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式,将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如:
Li Lei planted the tree last year. →The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
Workers made the machines in Changsha. →The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时,应将宾语变为被动结构的主语,而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如:
He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。