定语从句讲解
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(完整版)定语从句讲解总结定语从句讲解⼀.定语从句1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语⽆论多长都放在被修饰词的前⾯,⽽英语中的定语则不然,是⼀个词时,放在被修饰词的前⾯,如:①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后⾯,如:③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红⾐的⼥孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位⼥⼠背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的⼈。
2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句⼦缺少成分。
如上⾯第5:主句:He is the man从句:who you are looking for在从句中,looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选⽤关系代词 who(whom)放置于句⾸,便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,故第5题可以写成:He is the man you are looking for.⼆.定语从句(从句部分)1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先⾏词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先⾏词(1)先⾏词⼀般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先⾏词,⼈称代词也同样可作先⾏词。
(2)先⾏词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:①先⾏词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先⾏词⽽定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句⼦中充当了成分,其意思就是先⾏词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
定语从句语法讲解英语定语从句语法讲解英语定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,下面是店铺整理的定语从句语法讲解英语,一起来看看吧。
定语从句语法讲解英语1(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when,where,why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
定语从句(一)定语从句:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,它的作用相当于一个形容词,也叫形容词从句(由一个句子来充当定语,叫定语从句)(如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面)Eg. The book (that he bought yesterday) is worth reading先行词 关系词The girl (who is standing there) is my good friend.先行词 在句子中作成分(二)先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词,先行词可指人或物。
(三)关系词:一.定义:引导定语从句的连接词(引导词)被称为关系词二.作用 引导定语从句连接主句和从句代替先行词在定语从句中担任句子成分三.分类及其用法:关系代词:定语 主、宾、表(其中who whom whose 指人, which 指物, that 指人或物)关系副词: when where why时间状语 地点状语 原因状语表格A .关系代词用法:1.which(whom)在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在原来位置上 也可放在其前面,在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上2.只能用that,不用which 的情况(1)先行词前有序数词(数词)或最高级修饰时The first place that we visited in Beijing is the Great wallTom is the cleverest student in his class(2)先行词是不定代词时(something, anything, nothing, all, none, some, little 等)Miss Zhang has told us something that we should do in the holiday.I like all the book that you lent me last week.(3)先行词既有人又有物时They think of people and things that happened in their childhoodThe school and children that he loves moved to another country.(4)先行词前有the only, the very, the same, the last, just 等修饰时The only furniture that he has in the room is a desk(5)先行词有who (或whom )时Who is the man that is reading a book over there?Who that break the window should be punished . 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.Whom that you talked to must be Tom.(6)there be 结构中,先行词指物时There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.(7)先行词指物,在主句中做表语时This is the book that you borrowed from library(8)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略It was the way that he solved the problems(9) 先行词为that, this, those 或these且指人时Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。
定语从句超详细讲解什么是定语从句定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对所修饰的名词或代词进行进一步的说明或限制。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,在句中充当修饰成分。
关系词的种类常见的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。
关系词根据在从句中的作用,可分为主格关系词、宾格关系词和属格关系词。
- 主格关系词:who, which- 宾格关系词:whom, which- 属格关系词:whose, of which定语从句结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。
根据所修饰的名词在定语从句中的作用,可分为三种结构:1. 主语关系从句:关系词在从句中作主语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。
)2. 宾语关系从句:关系词在从句中作宾语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:She has a brother whom I have never met.(她有个兄弟我从未见过。
)3. 定语关系从句:关系词在从句中作定语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:I live in a house whose roof is red.(我住在一座房子里,它的屋顶是红色的。
)定语从句的使用注意事项- 关系词指代的是先行词,要保持一致性。
例如,主格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人;宾格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人或物;属格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是有所属关系的事物。
- 关系词在从句中可省略,但要根据上下文的需要决定是否省略。
定语从句的练题1. The girl _______ is my sister. (who/whom/which/that)2. The man _______ I talked to is the boss. (who/whom/which/that)3. She is the girl _______ mother works at the hospital.(who/whom/whose/which/that)4. The car _______ is parked outside is mine. (who/which/that)5. The book _______ you borrowed from the library is overdue. (whose/which/that)答案:1. who2. whom3. whose4. that5. which以上就是定语从句的超详细讲解。
定语从句语法讲解定语从句语法讲解“定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,下面店铺为大家带来的定语从句语法讲解!一、知识点梳理充当定语修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,由一定的连接词引导,连接词称为关系代词(which,that,as,whom,who,whose)或关系副词(when,where,why)1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句起对先行词进行限定、区分的作用。
若去掉易产生歧义或使主句意义不明确。
(此类定语从句前后没有逗号)【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我妈妈给我买的裙子很漂亮。
⑵非限定性定语从句与先行词之间的关系比较松散,只对先行词起说明和描述的作用。
若省去,剩余部分意义仍然完整,表达清楚。
(此类定语从句前后用逗号隔开)【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are verymarvelous.你的作品人人欣赏,实在是太了不起了。
Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a greatwriter.莎士比亚是个伟大的作家,他的剧作很受欢迎。
⑶某些情况下,一个定语从句既可以作限定性定语从句,又可以作为非限定性定语从句,但二者含义有差别。
【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.这里有十辆中国制造的车。
(这里可能还有其他的车) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 这里有十辆车,它们都是中国制造的。
定语从句知识点讲解定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它常常用来给出详细的描述、限制或补充说明,以便读者可以更好地理解主句中的名词或代词。
以下是几个关于定语从句的重要知识点:1.引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词:- 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that(指人或物)- 关系副词有:when, where, why(指时间、地点、原因)2.关系代词的选择:- 指人的先用who,做宾语用whom,所有格用whose,作主语用that (在口语中who/that可通用)- 指物的先用which,作宾语用which,作主语用that(在口语中which/that可通用)-当关系代词作主语时,可以省略(不可以省略的情况:关系代词后有逗号分隔、定语从句修饰不止一个名词)3.定语从句的位置:-定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面4.定语从句的种类:-限制性定语从句:不使用逗号分隔,修饰的内容是对名词或代词进行必要的限制和定义-非限制性定语从句:使用逗号分隔,修饰的内容是对名词或代词进行额外的说明,可以省略,不对整个句子的意思产生重要影响5.关系副词的使用:- when:指时间,修饰表示时间的名词- where:指地点,修饰表示地点的名词- why:指原因,修饰表示原因的名词6.注意定语从句的时态和语态一致:-如果主句是过去时,则定语从句通常使用过去时-如果主句是现在时,则定语从句通常使用一般现在时-如果主句是将来时,则定语从句通常使用一般将来时-如果主句是被动语态,则定语从句通常使用被动语态以上是定语从句的一些基本知识点,掌握了这些内容,可以更好地理解和运用定语从句。
当然,在实际运用中还需多加练习,不断积累。
二.语法讲解:定语从句I.定义1.什么叫作定语从句?定语从句(Attributive Clauses)由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
2.什么叫作关系词?引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, whic h, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:①引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
3.什么叫作定语?定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
4.什么叫作先行词?先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
II关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致1.who(主格,在定语从句中做主语), whom(宾格,做宾语),两者“代替的是人”。
(1) Is he the man who wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who在从句中作主语)(2) He is the man (whom) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom在从句中作宾语,可省略)2.whose是所有格,用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of whic h互换)(1) They rushed over to help the man whose c ar had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构,用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中,定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面,我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词,即被修饰的名词或代词;关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来;从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词:先行词通常是名词或代词,它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)2. 关系词:关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)3. 从句:从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如:那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
定语从句1.什么是定语从句:就是用一个句子来充当定语2.定语从句结构:被修饰的词(我们叫先行词)+关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)+ 定语从句关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
3.关系词关系副词有:when, where, why等4. 关系词通常有下列三个作用:①连接主句和从句②代表被修饰的先行词③在从句中做一个句子成分(主语, 宾语, 定语,状语)5. 分析句子成分关系副词的用法做定语从句要注意的:1.先找先行词(名词),分清主句和从句2.把先行词还原到从句中,分析先行词在从句中充当的成分3.确定用哪个关系词4.有些“动词+介词”短语,如果把介词提前就会失去原有的意义,所以此时不可以把介词提前,常见的不可拆开的短语:care for喜欢,关心get through 度过look for 寻找,look after照顾, deal with处理,对付send for 派人去请see to照顾,料理hear from 收到某人的来信hear of/about听说5.先行词要与从句的动词单复数保持一致。
先行词是单数,从句动词用单数。
先行词是复数,从句动词用复数6.先行词是“one of +复数,谓语动词用复数。
先行词“the one of + 复数名词”,谓语用单数用that, 不用which的情况:1)先行词前有序数词、最高级时This is the first job that I have taken up.This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.2)先行词是不定代词,something、somebody、nothing、anythingThere is something that I want to tell you.3)先行词被all/ any/ every/ each/ few /little/ no/ some/ much/ only/ none/ both/ either/ neither 等修饰时I have read all the books that you lent me.4)先行词被the only, the last, the very等修饰时,This is the only method we can use.5)先行词又有人又有物时They talked about things and persons that they know in the school.6)主句以who或which开头时Who is the old man that speak to you just now ?7)关系代词在定语从句中作表语,不管是人或物只能用that。
中考英语之定语从句1. 定语从句:在名词,代词或一个句子后作定语的从句。
定语从句由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)引导。
例:Do you know the teacher who gave us the talk this morning?先行词关系代词who引导的定语从句2. 定语从句有时不直接紧跟着先行词,中间由其他成分隔开。
例:There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. 先行词关系代词that引导的定语从句在他的眼睛里有一个我不能理解的表情。
3. that 指物和人。
在从句中作主语和宾语。
例:Jim told us a story that was very interesting.(that指物,在定语从句作主语)吉姆给我们讲了一个很有趣的故事。
The boy that you gave the pen to just now is twelve years old.(that指人,在定语从句作to的宾语)你刚才把钢笔给他的那个男孩是12岁。
4. which 指物,在从句中作主语和宾语。
例:Her shop is a shop which sells medicine. (which指物,在定语从句中作主语)她的的商店是一家卖药的商店。
The film which we saw last night was wonderful.(which指物,在定语从句中作宾语)我们昨晚看得电影是很精彩的。
5. who 指人,在从句中作主语。
例:The man who visited our class yesterday is our new teacher. (who指人,在定语从句中作主语)昨天参观了我们班的人是我们新来的老师。
6. whom 指人,在从句中,作动词和介词的宾语,口语中可用who代替whom。
例:That’s my pen pal whom(=who)you just talked about? (whom在定语从句中作to的宾语)你刚才谈到的那个人是我的笔友。
7. whose 指人或指物,在从句中作定语。
例如:Wei Fang is the student whose family was rich . (whose指人,在定语从句中作home的定语)魏芳是一个家里很富裕的学生。
Nobody wants the house whose windows are broken. (whose 指物,在定语从句中作windows的定语)没有人想要那个窗户都破了的房子。
8. 关系代词that, which, who, whom做宾语时,常可以省略例:Who is the man (that)you talked to just now? (that 在定语从句作to的宾语,可以省略)你刚才与之交谈的男人是谁?9. 下列情况下用that,而不用which:①先行词是下列不定代词all\ none\ the one\ everything\ anything\ nothing时:例:Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆告诉她的妈妈所有已经发生的事情。
②先行词含序数词或最高级时例:This is the best book that I have ever read. 这时我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
定语从句练习:用定语从句把两个句子合成一个句子:1. I prefer singers. The groups play quiet and gentle songs.2. Merry likes music. She can sing along with it.3. Do you know the man? Our teacher is talking with the man.4. He answered a few questions. The teacher asked the questions.5. The books are very interesting. The books are sold in this bookstore.6. The girl’s shoes are red. She sings songs well.单项选择:1. Do you know the scientist ________ gave us a talk just now?A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose2. This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.A. whichB. whatC. whoseD. whom3. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)________ lies(位于) in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. what4. I prefer not to eat too much food ________ is fried, like French fries.A. thatB. whatC. itD. 不填5. Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree? ------She is my little sister.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which6. That is the man ________ saved ten children in the earthquake. ------How brave he is!A. whoB. whichC. whereD. what7. This is the question ________ we are talking about now.A. thatB. whoC. whereD. when8. What are you looking for? ------I am looking for the book ________ I bought yesterday.A. whoB. whichC. whose9. Jack, there is someone in the office ________ would like to speak to you.A. whoB. whichC. whom10. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone ________ works hard.A. whichB. 不填C. whomD. who11. Many young people prefer the songs ________ have great lyrics.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom12. Even teachers can’t understand some expressions(表情)________ their students use in daily life.A. whoseB. whoC. thatD. whom13. Beijing is the 29th city ________ hold the Olympic Games.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what14. Have you read the book ________ I gave you yesterday?A. thatB. whenC. where15. The man ________ came to our party with a present is my old friend.A. whenB. whichC. who16. I like writers ________ write short stories.A. whichB. whatC. whomD. who17. We know Jackie Chan ________ movies are very popular with the young.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which18. The boy ________ I talked with just now is my best friend.A. whoB. whichC. where19. He is the only student ________ plays table tennis better than Jim.A. whyB. whereC. whoD. which20. ★This is ________ I wanted.A. the one whatB. whichC. one whichD. the one21. Wi thout friendship, one can’t be happy although he is rich enough. As for me(至于我), I will never forget the days ________ I spent with my friend.A. thatB. whenC. who22. Have you found the information about famous people________ you can use for the report?------Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whom23. My favorite place is Kunming ________ is known as the Spring City.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whom24. Do you know the girl ________ father has a shop?A. whoB. whichC. thatD. whose25. There is nothing ________ I want to say.A. whichB. whatC. whateverD. that26. Would you like to give me the picture book ________ cover(封面)is white?A. thatB. whoC. whoseD. which定语从句参考答案:用定语从句把两个句子合成一个句子:I prefer singers that(who) play quiet and gentle songs.=The singers that(who) I prefer play quiet and gentle songs. Merry likes music that(which) she can sing along with.Do you know the man that(who) our teacher is talking with.He answered a few questions that(which) the teacher asked. The books that(which) are sold in this bookstore are very interesting.=The books that(which) are very interesting are sold in this bookstore.The girl whose shoes are red sings songs well.单项选择:1到20题AABAA AABAD ACBAC DAACD 21到26题AAADD C2011届中考英语专题复习九:定语从句的考点讲解和训练【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1.定语从句的功用和结构2.关系代词和关系副词的功用3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。