option chapter5

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本书简介读者对象本书适合下列人员阅读：无线终端技术开发人员目录声明 (i)前言 (ii)版本说明 (ii)本书简介 (ii)读者对象 (ii)Chapter 1 Voice Service Commands............................................................错误！未定义书签。

1.1 Command Echo............................................................................................................1-11.2 Quiet Results Codes Control.........................................................................................1-11.3 Result Code Form.........................................................................................................1-21.4 Soft Reset.....................................................................................................................1-31.5 Restore Factory Configuration.......................................................................................1-41.6 DCD Option..................................................................................................................1-41.7 DTR Option...................................................................................................................1-51.8 S-Parameters................................................................................................................1-6 Chapter 2 Extended AT Configuration Commands..................................................................2-12.1 Query minimun capability..............................................................................................2-12.2 Query the manufacturer name.......................................................................................2-22.3 Query NAM name.........................................................................................................2-22.4 Query minimun capability..............................................................................................2-32.5 Local Flow Control........................................................................................................2-42.6 Local Rate Reporting.....................................................................................................2-52.7 Fixed RM Rate..............................................................................................................2-6 Chapter 3 Fax Parameters.......................................................................................................3-13.1 Service-class selection..................................................................................................3-13.2 Pass unrecognized commands to the IWF.....................................................................3-23.3 Query current Service type............................................................................................3-23.4 Um Interface Data Compression Reporting...................................................................3-33.5 Um Interface Data Compression....................................................................................3-43.6 Set Rm interface protocol..............................................................................................3-5 Chapter 4 CDMA AT Parameter Commands...........................................................................4-14.1 Query Serving System..................................................................................................4-14.2 Query Received Signal Quality......................................................................................4-2i4.3 Select Multiplex Option........................................................................错误！未定义书签。

Human Resource Planning.HR Information Systems.Lecture 5 relevant reading –Chapter 7Copyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty LtdPPTs t/a Human Resource Management in Australia 3e by De Cieriet al.___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Lecture outline•This lecture will be divided into two sections•Part 1 will cover Human Resource Planning•Part 2 will cover Human Resource Information Systems ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Human resource planning (HRP) ObjectivesDiscuss how to align a company’s humanresource planning with its strategic direction.Determine the labour demand of workers invarious job categories.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages ofvarious ways of eliminating a labour surplus andavoiding a labour shortage.Discuss the types of technologies that canimprove the efficiency and effectiveness of HR.Discuss human resource information systems and their various applications for HR activities.___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________What is HRP?•Bridge between strategic HRM and HR functions•A move from STATIC (here, now) to DYNAMIC (predictions of future changes)•Attempt to match future human resources to future needs of organisation •Involves forecasting –risks ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________What is HRP? (contin.)•Incorporates knowledge, skills and abilities of human resources –i.e.not justaggregates•Assists several HR activities• A particular challenge in rapid-changeenvironment•Requires knowledge of org’s variousactivities and linkages b/w them•Local (supervisor?) input desirable as well as more strategic input ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HRP☐The process through which organizational goals are translated into human resource goals, concerned with staffing levels and allocation.☐Human resource planning involves forecasting human resource needs for an organization, and planning the necessary steps to meet these needs.☐‘HRP systematically forecasts an organisation’s future demand for, and supply of, employees’(Werther & Davis, 1989)Strategic, long-term staffing plan covering all HR activities, closely linked to organisationalstrategies and objectives ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Figure 7.1 Overview of the HRP process_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________HRP and strategic organisational planning •Strategic planning involves settingorganisational objectives and plans toachieve them•Part of this involves definition oforganisation’s philosophy, ‘scanning’environment, SWOT analysis, formulation of strategies•HRP uses this to focus closely on labour demand and supply issues atdisaggregated level ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________How widely utilised?•Most (>90%) of Aus orgs develop formalcorporate plans (most with HR input)•Only around 50% develop HR plans•More common among large orgs, those undergoing rapid change, people-focused cultures, orgs indynamic environments•Used more in private sector than public•Most use basic techniques, few use formal supply demand and supply analysis, HRIS ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Some key features•HR plan is used to guide decisions on recruitment & selection, performance management, training, career structures etc •Linkages with strategy are being increasingly recognised•Integration with strategy is most important element ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Goal setting and strategic planning•Reducing an expected labor surplus, e.g.–Downsizing–Early retirement programsor•Avoiding an expected labor shortage,e.g.–Employing temporary workers–Outsourcing–Overtime and expanding worker hours ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Table 7.2 Options for reducing an expected labour surplusOption Speed Human suffering 1Downsizing Fast High2Pay reductions Fast High3Demotions Fast High4Transfers Fast Moderate5Work sharing Fast Moderate6Retirement Slow Low7Natural attrition Slow Low8Retraining Slow LowCopyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty LtdPPTs t/a Human Resource Management in Australia 3e by De Cieri et al.7-12_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Table 7.3 Options for avoiding an expected labour shortageOption Speed Revocability 1Overtime Fast High2Temporary employees Fast High3Outsourcing Fast High4Retrained transfers Slow High5Turnover reductions Slow Moderate 6New external recruits Slow Low7Technological innovation Slow LowCopyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty LtdPPTs t/a Human Resource Management in Australia 3e by De Cieri et al.7-13_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________HR planning process•Phase 1Assessing supply and demand for each type of labour•Start with current situation and forecast likely changes ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Forecasting•The attempt to determine the supply of and demand for various types of human resources, in order to predict future labor shortages or surpluses in areas within the organization.Labour supply comes from:•Internal•External ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Labour demand forecasting •Involves predicting numbers and types ofemployees needed in future –challenging!•Can use qualitative and/or qualitativeapproaches•Quantitative can be complex and expensive •Qualitative often less structured –intuition,‘rule of thumb’, Delphi technique (segmentproblem, usespecialists on each component), trend analysis •High costs of poor forecasting e.g.training,capital misallocations ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Downsizing•The planned elimination of large numbers of personnel designed to enhance organisational effectiveness.–Workforce reduction–Organisational redesign–Systemic change ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Major reasons for downsizing•Cost reduction•Introduction of new technology •Mergers and acquisitions leading to reduced need for bureaucracy •Globalization and changinglocation of business ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Major reasons for the failure of downsizing•Initial cost savings but long-term negative effects•Loss of people who are ‘irreplaceableassets’•‘Survivor syndrome’: loss of motivation,self-absorption, risk-aversion•‘Survivors’ seek new employment •Reputational damage ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Formulating human resource plans•Once labour demand and supply forecasts are made an integrated staffing plan needs to be developed•Aspects include –recruitment, training, development, succession planning, job design etc•Openness to change in dynamic environment•Role of culture ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HR planning process (contin.)•Phase 2Developing objectives–outcome of organisational strategy and goals. May be broad, far-reaching –e.g. improve morale•Phase 3Programming–develop and implement policies to help match supply and demand for each category of worker ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HR planning process (contin.)•Phase 4Control and evaluation.•HRIS used to regularly monitor progress. Permits control and evaluation •Prompt remedial action, if necessary •Programs must meet user needs ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Program implementation and evaluation•Accountability•Authority and resources available to accomplish the stated goals •Regular progress reports onimplementation•Evaluation of results ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Formal HRP is more likely in organisations that:–are larger–have greater overall business planningsophistication–have top management support for humanresource planning–have more involvement of human resource managers in the business planning process –have greater integration across humanresource activities ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Strategic approach to HRPincludes:top management and HR managers desiringproactive involvement of HRM in the achievement of organizational goalsintegration of employee needs and wishes forcareer development with organizational goalscoordination across HRM activities in light oforganizational strategies and goalsadherence to principles of equal opportunityfocus on planning at the organizational level, notonly at industry or regional level ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Negatives of HRP•Can be difficult, time-consuming •May have long lead times, lags during which environment may change •Culture can be extremely difficult to modify•Vested interest groups may not co-operate ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Benefits of HRP•Human resources better utilised •Less wastage, bottlenecks leading to improved productivity, profitability •Labour recruited at right time •Morale can be enhanced •Redundancies lessened throughaccurate planning ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Summary: HRP•When managed well, human resource planning can enhance the success of the organisation, while minimising difficulties resulting from poorly anticipated labour surpluses or shortages.___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Human resource informationsystems (HRIS)•Objectives–Discuss the types of technologiesthat can improve the efficiency andeffectiveness of HR.–Discuss human resource information systems and their variousapplications for HR activities.___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Human resource informationsystems(HRIS)•A system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve and distribute information related to a company’s human resources.___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HRIS•Note: also known as HRIMS•For recording and processing data •Supports strategic, operational and administrative goals and objectives •Enhanced speed, efficiency, lower administrative costs•New capabilities –data manipulation, estimation etc ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Factors leading to use of moresophisticated HRIS •Development of increasingly complex and comprehensive IT systems •Economic pressures•Increasing demands by government for organizations to collect employee data ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Three broad functions for HRIS –Transaction processing, reportingand tracking–Decision support systems–Expert systems ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Technology: advantages or disadvantages?•Employees gain complete control over their training and benefits enrolments (self-service)• A paperless employment office can be created•Streamlining the HR department’s work•Technology can provide knowledge-based decision support•Employees and managers select the type of media they want to use to send and receive information•Work can be completed at any time, any place, day or night•Closer monitoring of employees’ work ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HR technologies •Interactive voice technology •Internet•Networks and client-server architecture •Relational databases•Imaging•Laser disc technology •Groupware, intranets and portals •Global positioning systems ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HRIS role in HRP•Revolution in storage of data onemployees•Govt legislation has become morecomplex in data requirements –e.g.OH&S, FBT, EEO etc•Advances in computer technologylowered dramatically the costs of storage of complex data•Can be bought ‘off-the-shelf’___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Benefits of HRIS•Faster data processing enhanced communication across org., accuracy of data, decreased costs, improved planning possibilities•Can include data on employees, jobs and work conditions, positions, leave management•Employee self-service (ESS)___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HRIS –Types of data•Individual–Name, Personal detail –Previous experience –Conditions of service ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HRIS –Types of data (cont.)•Collective–Enterprise agreements, contractemployees, skills inventory,vacancies–Recruitment and selection–Career paths and succession plans ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Linkages with other activities •Benchmarking –within and outside org•Enables tracking of performance data •Aids analysis•Identify patterns…___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________HRIS: examples of applications for HRM•HR planning•Staffing•Performance management •Learning and career development •Compensation and benefits ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Some relevant issues•Confidentiality, privacy, access •Safeguards needed to avoid abuse and offer assurance•‘Big brother' perception •Transparency –inform those monitored •Qualitative and quantitative ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Successful HRIS•Contain accurate employee and job data •Flexibility –adapt to present and future requirements•Dynamic and comprehensive•Clear link with and contribution to HR plans•Modular and integrated•Clear control of HR costs ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Looking ahead…•Increased involvement of employees in design•Easy soft and hardware updates•‘Off-the-shelf’ needs to beflexible/modifies easily for individualorganisation’s needs•Regular review involving all stakeholders ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________Summary: HRIS •Increasingly, organizations depend on more sophisticated HRIS in order to support human resource activities. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________。

Embedded SolutionsMODEL USB-DIO-32USER MANUALFILE: USB-DIO-32.A1d ADL Embedded Solutions Inc., 4411 Morena Blvd., Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92117-4345P. +1 858 490-0597 F. +1 858 490-0599e-mail: *****************; web: NoticeThe information in this document is provided for reference only. ADL Embedded Solutions Inc. does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of the information or products described herein. This document may contain or reference information and products protected by copyrights or patents and does not convey any license under the patent rights of ADL Embedded Solutions Inc., nor the rights of others.IBM PC, PC/XT, and PC/AT are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation. Printed in USA. Copyright 2001, 2006 by ADL Embedded Solutions Inc., 4411 Morena Blvd. Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92117. All rights reserved.WARNING!!ALWAYS CONNECT AND DISCONNECT YOUR FIELD CABLING WITH THE COMPUTER POWER OFF. ALWAYS TURN COMPUTER POWER OFF BEFORE INSTALLING A CARD. CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING CABLES, OR INSTALLING CARDS INTO A SYSTEM WITH THE COMPUTER OR FIELD POWER ON MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE I/O CARD AND WILL VOID ALL WARRANTIES, IMPLIED OR EXPRESSED.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction (4)Specifications (6)Figure 1-1: Block Diagram (8)Chapter 2: Installation (9)Chapter 3: Hardware Details (10)Figure 3-1: Option Selection Map (10)Chapter 4: USB Address Information (12)Chapter 5: Programming (13)Chapter 6: 8254 Counter/Timer (14)Chapter 7: Connector Pin Assignments (16)Table 7-1: 50-Pin Connector Pin Assignments (16)Chapter 1: IntroductionFeatures•32 lines of digital I/O•High-speed USB 2.0 device, USB 1.1 backwards compatible•Four 8-bit ports independently selectable for inputs or outputs•All 32 I/O lines buffered with 32 mA source, 64mA sink current capabilities•Three 82C54 counters capable of event counting, frequency measurement, pulse width measurement, or frequency generation•Terminal block adapter card for easy wiring•I/O Buffers can be enabled or tri-stated under program control•Jumper selectable I/O pulled up to 5V for contact monitoring or pulled down to ground •Jumper selectable power provided via USB cable or external power supply for higher current capabilities•Resettable fused +5VDC output•Standard 50pin IDC type connector with key•PC/104 size (3.550 by 3.775 in.)•Rugged industrial enclosure•Compatible with Industry-Standard I/O Racks such as Gordos, OPTO22, Potter & Brumfield, etc.with optional cableApplications•Automatic Test SystemsAutomation•Laboratory•Robotics•MachineControl•Security Systems, Energy Management•Relay Monitoring and Control•Parallel Data Transfer to PC•Sensing Switch Closures or TTL, DTL, CMOS Logic•Driving Indicator Lights or RecordersFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONThis USB board is an ideal solution for adding portable, easy-to-install digital I/O and countercapabilities to any computer with a USB port. The board is a USB 2.0 high speed device, offering thefastest speed available with the USB bus. It is fully compatible with both USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 ports.The card is plug-and-play allowing quick connect/disconnect whenever you need additional I/O on your USB port.The board features 32 bits of TTL-compatible digital I/O with high-current capabilities and three 82C54 counters. Each digital port can be programmed to accept inputs or to drive outputs on four 8-bit ports, designated as port A, B, C, and D. Power is supplied to the card via the USB cable or for higher current capabilities, external power may be used. The I/O wiring connections are via an industry standard 50-pin connector or via a terminal block adapter card. For external circuits, fused +5VDC power is available at the connector. The resettable fuse is rated at 0.5A.All I/O lines are buffered by a type 74ABT245 tristate buffer transceiver capable of sourcing 32 mA orsinking 64 mA. The buffers are configured under program control for input or output. Jumper selectable pull-ups (to +5 VDC) or pull-downs (to ground) on the card allow for contact monitoring and assure that there are no erroneous outputs at power-up until the card is initialized by system software. This jumper can be removed to provide a floating state for the I/O when it is neither pulled up nor down.Unlike most USB digital I/O products which primarily use a human interface device (HID) driver, we provide an easy to use, Windows-based, custom function driver optimized for maximum data throughput. This approach exposes the full functionality of the hardware along with maximizing the advantage of using the high-speed USB 2.0 bus.The board is designed to be used in rugged industrial environments but is small enough to fit nicely onto any desk or testing station. The board is PC/104 size (3.550 by 3.775 inches) and ships inside a steel powder-coated enclosure with an anti-skid bottom.COUNTER/TIMERSAvailable on the board are three 82C54 counters that each include three 16-bit counter/timers factory configured in an optimal module for use as event counters, frequency output, pulse width, and frequency measurement (see the Block Diagram at the end of this chapter).SpecificationsDigital Inputs (TTL Compatible)• Logic High: 2.0 VDC min, 5.5 VDC max• Logic Low: 0.8 VDC max, -0.5 VDC minDigital Outputs• Logic High: 2.0 VDC min., source 32 mA• Logic Low: 0.55 VDC max., sink 64 mACounter/Timers• Type: 82C54-10 programmable interval counters• Output Drive: 2.0 VDC min., source 32 mA0.55 VDC max., sink 64 mA• Maximum Input Frequency: 10MHz• Input Gate: TTL/CMOS compatible• Clock: On-board, 3 MHz crystal-controlled clock• Active Count Edge: Negative edge• Minimum Clock Pulse Width: 30 ns high, 40 ns low• Timer Range: 16 bitsBus Type• USB2.0 high-speed (480 Mb/s)Power• Basic unit: 80 mA typical (no load)• +5 VDC from the USB bus or external power supply depending on user configuration. The USB bus is specified to provide 500 mA to most desktop environments. This gives you 420 mAavailable (500mA -80mA = 420mA). If using more than a total of 500mA, use optional 9 VDC(on board voltage regulator outputs +5 VDC to card) external power supply and remove VUSB jumper and place jumper on VEXT. Then plug in external power before plugging into USB port .This option will give you a total of 1000mA available.• +5V resettable fuse at 0.5A located on connector.Environmental• Operating Temperature Range: 0 °C. to 70 °C.• Storage Temperature Range: -40 °C. to +85 °C.• Humidity: 0 to 90% RH, non-condensing.• Board Dimension: 3.550 x 3.775 inches.• Box Dimension: 4.00 x 4.00" x 1.25 inches.Figure 1-1: Block DiagramChapter 2: InstallationSoftware CD InstallationThese paragraphs are intended to detail the software installation steps as well as describe what is being installed.The software provided with this board is contained on one CD and must be installed onto your hard disk prior to use. To do this, perform the following steps as appropriate for your software format and operating system. Substitute the appropriate drive letter for your CD-ROM or disk drive where you seeG in the examples below.WIN95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/2003a. Place the CD into your CD-ROM drive.b. The CD should automatically run the install program. If the install program does not clickSTART | RUN and type G LQVWDOO, click OK or press ..c. Follow the on-screen prompts to install the software for this board.Hardware InstallationThe board can be installed in any USB 2.0 or USB 1.1 port. Please refer to the USB I/O Quick Start Guide which can be found on the CD, for specific, quick steps to complete the hardware and software installation.Chapter 3: Hardware DetailsOption SelectionsRefer to the setup programs on the CD provided with the board. Also, refer to the Block Diagram and the Option Selection Map when reading this section of the manual.Figure 3-1: Option Selection MapUSB CONNECTORThe USB connector is a Type B connector and mates with the cable provided. The USB port provides communication signals along with +5 VDC power. The board can be powered from the USB port or, if needed for higher current applications, an external power supply can be used.LEDThe LED on the front of the enclosure is used to indicate power and data transmissions. When the LED is in an illuminated steady green state, this signifies that the board is successfully connected to the computer and has been detected and configured by the operating system. When the LED flashes continuously, this signifies that there is data being transmitted over the USB bus.DC POWER JACK (OPTIONAL)This is an option for high current applications when more current is needed than what your computer can provide on the USB port (typically 500 mA). The DC jack has a 2.00mm post on board and is designed to be used with the 9 VDC AC/DC external power supply that ships with this option. The voltage regulator on board regulates the 9 VDC and provides 5 VDC to the onboard circuitry. When using external power, switch the jumper located near the USB connector to VEXT, otherwise when the jumper is in the VUSB position current is drawn from the USB port (please consult the option selection map for a visual reference).50 PIN BOX HEADERThe 50 pin box header has standard .100" spacing between pins and is keyed to prevent improper connections. It can be used with standard IDC type ribbon cables or the screw terminal board that plugs directly into the box header.Chapter 4: USB Address InformationUse the provided driver to access the USB board. This driver will allow you to determine how many supported USB devices are currently installed, and each device’s type. This information is returned as a Vendor ID (VID), Product ID (PID) and Device Index.The board’s VID is “0x1605", and its PID is “0x8001".The Device Index is determined by how many of the device you have in your system, and provides a unique identifier allowing you to access a specific board at will.Chapter 5: ProgrammingThe driver software provided with the board uses a 32-bit .dll front end compatible with any Windows programming language. Samples provided in Borland C++Builder, Borland Delphi, Microsoft Visual Basic, and Microsoft Visual C++ demonstrate the use of the driver.The following functions are provided by the driver in Windows.These functions will allow you to read or write individual bits, bytes, or the entire board worth of data. In addition, counter-timer functionality and board-level functions complete the driver package.For detailed information on each function refer to the .html Driver Manual located in the Win32 directory for this board.unsigned long GetDevices(void )unsigned long QueryDeviceInfo(DeviceIndex, pPID, pName, pDIOBytes, pCounters)unsigned long DIO_Configure(DeviceIndex, bTristate, pOutMask, pData)unsigned long DIO_Write1(DeviceIndex, BitIndex, bData)unsigned long DIO_Write8(DeviceIndex, ByteIndex, Data)unsigned long DIO_WriteAll(DeviceIndex,pData)unsigned long DIO_Read8(DeviceIndex, ByteIndex,pBuffer)unsigned long DIO_ReadAll(DeviceIndex,Buffer)unsigned long CTR_8254Mode(DeviceIndex, BlockIndex, CounterIndex, Mode)unsigned long CTR_8254ModeLoad(DeviceIndex, BlockIndex, CounterIndex,Mode, LoadValue)unsigned long CTR_8254ReadModeLoad(DeviceIndex, BlockIndex, CounterIndex, Mode, LoadValue , pReadValue)unsigned long CTR_8254Read(DeviceIndex, BlockIndex, CounterIndex, pReadValue)unsigned long CTR_StartOutputFreq(DeviceIndex, CounterIndex, pHz)Chapter 6: 8254 Counter/TimerThese boards have the option of one, two, or three 82C54 counter(s) that each include three 16-bit counter/timers factory configured in an optimal module for use as event counters, frequency output, pulse width, and frequency measurement (See Block Diagram). Each counter can be programmed to any count as low as 1 or 2, and up to 65,536, depending on the mode chosen. For those interested in more detailed information, a full description can be found in the Intel (or equivalent manufacturer's) data sheet, provided in the /chipdocs directory on the Software Master CD.Refer to Chapter 5: Programming, and the .html Driver Manual document installed by the Software Master CD for information on using the installed software driver for this board. The following data is provided only for reference, as it is unlikely to be needed when using the provided driver. Please note the block diagram description of how the 9 pins associated with 8254 counters are configured into an optimum counter-timer module on this board.Operational ModesThe 8254 modes of operation are described in the following paragraphs to familiarize you with the versatility and power of this device. For those interested in more detailed information, a full description of the 8254 programmable interval timer can be found in the Intel (or equivalent manufacturers') data sheets. The following conventions apply for use in describing operation of the 8254 :Clock: A positive pulse into the counter's clock inputTrigger: A rising edge input to the counter's gate inputCounter Loading: Programming a binary count into the counterMode 0: Pulse on Terminal CountAfter the counter is loaded, the output is set low and will remain low until the counter decrements to zero. The output then goes high and remains high until a new count is loaded into the counter. A trigger enables the counter to start decrementing.Mode 1: Retriggerable One-ShotThe output goes low on the clock pulse following a trigger to begin the one-shot pulse and goes high when the counter reaches zero. Additional triggers result in reloading the count and starting the cycle over. If a trigger occurs before the counter decrements to zero, a new count is loaded. This forms a retriggerable one-shot. In mode 1, a low output pulse is provided with a period equal to the counter count-down time.Mode 2: Rate GeneratorThis mode provides a divide-by-N capability where N is the count loaded into the counter. When triggered, the counter output goes low for one clock period after N counts, reloads the initial count, and the cycle starts over. This mode is periodic, the same sequence is repeated indefinitely until the gate input is brought low. This mode also works well as an alternative to mode 0 for event counting.Mode 3: Square Wave GeneratorThis mode operates like mode 2. The output is high for half of the count and low for the other half. If the count is even, then the output is a symmetrical square wave. If the count is odd, then the output is high for (N+1)/2 counts and low for (N-1)/2 counts. Periodic triggering or frequency synthesis are two possible applications for this mode. Note that in this mode, to achieve the square wave, the counterdecrements by two for the total loaded count, then reloads and decrements by two for the second part of the wave form.Mode 4: Software Triggered StrobeThis mode sets the output high and, when the count is loaded, the counter begins to count down. When the counter reaches zero, the output will go low for one input period. The counter must be reloaded to repeat the cycle. A low gate input will inhibit the counter.Mode 5: Hardware Triggered StrobeIn this mode, the counter will start counting after the rising edge of the trigger input and will go low for one clock period when the terminal count is reached. The counter is retriggerable. The output will not go low until the full count after the rising edge of the trigger.Chapter 7: Connector Pin AssignmentsA 50-pin connector provided on the back plate of these boards for I/O connections. Connector pinassignments are listed below.Table 7-1: 50-Pin Connector Pin AssignmentsPin Function Pin Function1C7 2 COUNTER A0 INA13 C64 GATEA25 C56 OUT7 C48 COUNTER B0 INB19 C310 GATEB211 C212 OUT13 C114 COUNTER C0 INC115 C016 GATEC217 B718 OUT19 B6 20 D721 B522 D623 B424 GROUND25 B326 D527 B228 GROUND29 B130 D431 B032 GROUND33 A734 D335 A636 D237 A538 D239 A440 GROUND41 A342 D143 A244 GROUND45 A146 D047 A048 GROUND49 +5V VDC50GROUNDCustomer CommentsIf you experience any problems with this manual or just want to give us some feedback, please email us at: *****************. Please detail any errors you find and include your mailing address so that we can send you any manual updates.Embedded SolutionsADL Embedded Solutions Inc., 4411 Morena Blvd., Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92117-4345P. +1 858 490-0597 F. +1 858 490-0599e-mail: *****************; web: 。

牛津译林版英语初一上学期期中自测试卷及解答参考一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、What time does the school library open on weekdays?•A) 8:00 AM•B) 8:30 AM•C) 9:00 AM•D) 9:30 AMAnswer: B) 8:30 AMExplanation: In the dialogue, a student asks the librarian about the opening hours, and the librarian responds that the library opens at half past eight in the morning on weekdays. Students should listen for the specific time mentioned by the librarian.2、Why can’t the boy go to the party this weekend?•A) He has too much homework.•B) He is not feeling well.•C) He has to visit his grandparents.•D) He has a piano lesson.Answer: A) He has too much homework.Explanation: The conversation between two friends reveals that the boy cannot attend the party because he mentions having a lot of homework to completeover the weekend. The key is to identify the reason given by the boy when his friend invites him to the party.3、What are the speakers discussing in the conversation?A. The weather forecast for the next week.B. The types of books they like to read.C. The importance of exercise in their daily routine.Answer: CExplanation: The conversation revolves around the importance of exercise and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, making option C the correct answer.4、Why does the woman suggest going to the park instead of staying at home?A. She wants to avoid the noise in the city.B. She wants to spend more time with her friends.C. She believes the park will provide a good environment for reading.Answer: CExplanation: The woman mentions that the park has a quiet area where she can read without any distractions, which is why she suggests going to the park. This makes option C the correct answer.5、Listen to the dialogue between two students talking about their weekend plans. Choose the correct answer according to what you hear.A) They are going to the movies together.B) One student is visiting relatives, the other is staying home.C) Both students are planning to study for exams.Correct Answer: BExplanation: In the dialogue, one student mentions they have to visit their grandparents over the weekend, while the other says they will be at home catching up on reading. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it accurately reflects the plans mentioned by both students.6、Listen to a short passage about a student’s day at school. What activity does the student mention doing during lunchtime?A) Playing soccer in the gym.B) Eating lunch with friends in the cafeteria.C) Working on a science project in the library.Correct Answer: AExplanation: The passage clearly states that during lunchtime, the student decided to play soccer with classmates in the gym instead of eating in the cafeteria. This makes option A the correct answer as it matches the activity described in the listening material.Please remember these are hypothetical questions and would need to be accompanied by the actual audio clips for a real exam scenario.7、What is the name of the library near the school?A. Oxford LibraryB. Cambridge LibraryC. High School LibraryD. City Center LibraryAnswer: CExplanation: The conversation between two students mentions that the library they are going to is the one near the school, which is referred to as “the High School Library.”8、How do the students feel about the new teacher?A. Excited and nervousB. Bored and uninterestedC. Confused and uncertainD. Disappointed and sadAnswer: AExplanation: In the dialogue, one student expresses excitement about the new teacher, while the other says they are a bit nervous. This indicates that both students are excited but also a little anxious about the new teacher.9、Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer. (录音播放一次)Question: Where did Sarah go on her vacation?A. She went to the beach.B. She went to the mountains.C. She went to the city museum.Correct Answer: B. She went to the mountains.Explanation: In the conversation, Sarah mentioned that she enjoyed hiking and the fresh air, which indicates she spent her vacation in the mountains ratherthan at the beach or the city museum.10、Listen to the dialogue again and choose the best response. (录音播放一次)Question: What activity did Tom suggest they do together?A. Go camping.B. Visit an art gallery.C. Play video games.Correct Answer: A. Go camping.Explanation: Tom expressed interest in joining Sarah’s outdoor activities and specifically suggested they should go camping sometime, showing his preference for nature over indoor activities like visiting an art gallery or playing video games.11.You are listening to a conversation between a student and a teacher.Student: Professor, could you explain the main idea of this chapter again? Teacher: Of course, the main idea is that …(Play the audio)Answer: What is the main idea of the chapter according to the teacher?A)The importance of practice in language learning.B)The historical background of the language.C)The role of grammar in communication.D)The variety of vocabulary used in the chapter.Correct Answer: A) The importance of practice in language learning.Explanation: The teacher emphasizes the importance of practice in language learning, whichis indicated by phrases like “you need to practice regularly” and “the more you practice, the better you will become.”12.Listen to a short dialogue between two friends discussing their weekend plans.Person 1: Hey, do you have any plans for this weekend?Person 2: Yeah, I was thinking of going hiking in the mountains. How about you? (Play the audio)Answer: What does Person 2 want to do this weekend?A)Go to the beach.B)Go hiking in the mountains.C)Stay home and relax.D)Visit a museum.Correct Answer: B) Go hiking in the mountains.Explanation: Person 2 explicitly mentions their plan to go hiking in the mountains, which makes option B the correct answer. The other options are not mentioned in the dialogue.13、Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer. (2 points)Dialogue:M: Hi, Lisa, what did you do last weekend?W: Oh, I went camping with my family in the mountains. It was so much fun!Question:What activity did Lisa do last weekend?A)She went hiking.B)She went shopping.C)She went camping.Answer: C) She went camping.Explanation:The woman explicitly states that she “went camping with my family in the mountains,” making option C the correct choice.14、Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer. (2 points)Conversation:W: Hey Tom, have you finished your science project?M: Not yet, but I’m planning to wo rk on it this evening. What about you? W: I’ve already handed mine in yesterday.Question:When is Tom planning to work on his science project?A)This morning.B)This evening.C)Tomorrow.Answer: B) This evening.Explanation:Tom clearly mentions he is “planning to work on it this evening,” which indicates that he intends to complete his science project later today, making option B the correct answer.15.A. go hiking in the mountainsB. go to the library to studyC. go shopping for new clothesAnswer: B. go to the library to studyExplanation: The speakers mention that they have an important test coming up and need to study. They decide to go to the library together to prepare.16,You are listening to a dialogue between a teacher and a student.A. What subject does the student need help with?B. Why does the student feel worried about the test?C. What advice does the teacher give the student?Answer: A. What subject does the student need help with?Explanation: Listen for the part where the student expresses their concern about a particular subject. The correct answer will be the subject the student is struggling with.16.A. MathB. EnglishC. ScienceAnswer: A. MathExplanation: The student tells the teacher that they are finding math difficult and need help understanding certain concepts. The teacher offers assistance and encouragement.17.What are the speakers discussing in this conversation?A. The weather forecast.B. The school schedule.C. A new book they just read.Answer: BExplanation: In this conversation, the speakers are discussing the school schedule, which includes their after-school activities and when they are supposed to be finished with them. The conversation revolves around organizing their time, indicating that the correct answer is B.18.How does the woman feel about the new policy at the school?A. She is excited.B. She is worried.C. She is indifferent.Answer: BExplanation: The woman expresses her concerns about the new policy, mentioning that it might cause some inconvenience for students. She talks about the potential impact on their daily routines and seems to have some reservations, indicating that her feelings are worried. Therefore, the correct answer is B.19.You are listening to a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their weekend plans.Question: What does Alice say about her weekend plans?A. She is going to visit her grandparents.B. She is planning to study for her exams.C. She will be attending a sports event.Answer: B. She is planning to study for her exams.Explanation: In the conversation, Alice mentions, “Well, I actually have a lot of studying to do this weekend. I have a big math test coming up.” This indicates that her plans involve studying for her exams.20.You are listening to a weather report for a major city.Question: What is the expected temperature for tomorrow?A. 15 degrees CelsiusB. 20 degrees CelsiusC. 25 degrees CelsiusAnswer: C. 25 degrees CelsiusExplanation: The weather report states, “Tomorrow will be a sunny day with a high of 25 degrees Celsius, so don’t forget your sunscreen.” This directly gives the expected temperature for the following day.二、阅读理解（30分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:The following passage is about the importance of exercise for students.The Importance of Exercise for StudentsExercise is not only beneficial for our physical health but also plays a crucial role in the mental well-being of students. In today’s fast-paced world, students often find themselves overwhelmed with academic pressures and extracurricular activities. This is why incorporating regular exercise intotheir routine is essential.Physical activity, such as walking, running, or playing sports, helps to improve cardiovascular health, strengthen muscles, and enhance flexibility. Moreover, exercise has been shown to boost cognitive function and improve academic performance. When students engage in physical activities, their brain releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifters and can help reduce stress levels.Research has indicated that students who exercise regularly tend to have better grades, higher self-esteem, and lower levels of anxiety and depression. Physical activity also encourages better sleep patterns, as it helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm. A good night’s sleep is essential for students to remain alert and focused during the day.In addition to the immediate benefits, regular exercise can contribute to long-term health and well-being. It can help prevent chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. By maintaining a healthy weight and reducing the risk of these conditions, students are setting themselves up for a healthier future.Many schools around the world have recognized the value of exercise and have implemented physical education programs to ensure students receive adequate physical activity. However, it is also important for parents and educators to encourage students to be active outside of school hours.Questions:1.What is the main purpose of the passage?A) To describe different types of exercise.B) To explain the benefits of exercise for students.C) To discuss the challenges of incorporating exercise into a student’s schedule.D) To provide a detailed history of physical education in schools.2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of exercise for students?A) Improved academic performance.B) Enhanced self-esteem.C) Increased stress levels.D) Better sleep patterns.3.The author suggests that regular exercise can contribute to long-term health by:A) improving academic performance.B) reducing the risk of chronic diseases.C) helping students achieve better grades.D) encouraging better sleep patterns.Answers:1.B) To explain the benefits of exercise for students.2.C) Increased stress levels.3.B) reducing the risk of chronic diseases.三、完型填空（15分）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Please choose the one that best fits into the passage.The summer vacation was coming, and Xiao Ming was very excited. He had been looking forward to it for a long time. There were so many things he wanted to do. One of his favorite activities was going to the beach with his friends. They would play beach volleyball, swim in the ocean, and build sandcastles.Last summer, Xiao Ming’s family decided to take a trip to a beautiful island. They packed their bags and left early in the morning. When they arrived at the island, the sight was breathtaking. The white sandy beaches stretched for miles, and the clear blue water was so inviting. Xiao Ming and his friends couldn’t wait to dive into the ocean.As they were having fun, Xiao Ming noticed something strange. The water near the shore was not clear as it should be. It seemed to have a greenish tint. “What’s wrong with the water?” he asked his friends.1.Xiao Ming was very excited about the upcoming vacation because ___________.A. he had been working hard for the past semesterB. it was his birthdayC. he could finally relax and do what he lovedD. he was going to a new school2.One of Xiao Ming’s favorite activities was ___________.A. playing video gamesB. reading booksC. going to the beachD. doing homework3.The island they visited was ___________.A. crowded with touristsB. very smallC. beautifulD. full of pollution4.The water near the shore was not clear because ___________.A. there was a stormB. there were too many fishC. it was a special kind of waterD. there was pollution5.Xiao Ming and his friends decided to ___________.A. stay away from the waterB. play in the water anywayC. swim in the oceanD. build more sandcastlesAnswers: 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A四、语法填空题（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、I______(go) to the library yesterday. I had to finish my homework before I could goout.答案：had gone解析：根据句意，昨天我本打算去图书馆，但因为要完成作业，所以没有去。

2024-2025学年人教版英语初一上学期复习试题与参考答案一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to complete the sentence.A. The boy is playing soccer with his friends.B. The girl is reading a book in the park.C. They are having a picnic.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation describes a girl reading a book in a park, which matches option B.2、Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.What is the main topic of the dialogue?A. Planning a vacationB. Discussing school projectsC. Reviewing a movieAnswer: AExplanation: The dialogue focuses on discussing plans for a vacation, making option A the correct answer.3、What are the speakers mainly discussing?A) The weather forecast for the next week.B) The importance of wearing a hat in the sun.C) The benefits of staying hydrated.Answer: CExplanation: The speakers mention that staying hydrated is important, especially when it’s hot outside, which indicates that they are discussing the benefits of staying hydrated.4、Listen to the conversation and answer the question.Who is the woman talking to?A) Her teacher.B) Her friend.C) Her brother.Answer: BExplanation: The woman refers to the person she’s talking to as “my friend,” which clearly indicates that the conversation is between her and her friend.5.You hear a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the following question: Question: What are Alice and Bob mainly talking about?A. Their weekend plansB. The weatherC. Their school subjectsD. The movie they watched last nightAnswer: AExplanation: In the conversation, Alice asks Bob about his plans for the weekend, which indicates that they are mainly talking about their weekend plans.6.Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student, and answer the following question:Question: What is the student’s main problem according to the teacher?A. He is not good at mathB. He is often late for classC. He can’t remember the vocabularyD. He is not paying attention in classAnswer: CExplanation: The teacher mentions that the student is having trouble with the vocabulary, which implies that the student’s main problem is related to memory issues with the vocabulary.7.W: Hi, John! How was your science project last week?M: It was great! We built a model of a solar system.Q: What did John do last week?A: He built a model of a solar system.解析：这是一道事实细节题。

Option1. Put-call parity(1) Fiduciary Call = C(X) + B(X)B: zero-coupon bond that pays X in T yearsC(X) : X is the exercise priceS : buying a stockPayoff to it0f00P0 = C0 - S0 + [X* exp (- R c f * T)](4) Arbitrage strategy2. Binomial Option Pricing Model(1) Basic Model(2) Arbitrage OpportunityOption – fractional share of the stockFractional share of stock in the arbitrage trade for each option traded (hedge ratio)= Delta = (C+1– C-1) / (S+1– S -1)(3) Two-period Binomial Model3. Options on a fixed-income instrument using a binomial tree(1) Basic SituationStep 1: Price the bond at each node using the projected interest ratesStep 2: Calculate the intrinsic value of the option at each node at the maturity of the option Step 3: Bring the terminal option values determined in Step 2 back to todayRisk-neutral probability of an up- and down- move here is always 50%.If we need to value an American option, the value at any node will be equal to the greater of the PV of the future payoffs or the current intrinsic value (S T– X for call or X - S T for put).(2) Caps and FloorsCaps and Floors are just bundles of European-style options on interest rates, called caplets and floorlets. The value of a cap or floor is the sum of the values of the individual caplets or floorlets.e.g. value of 2-year cap = value of a 1-year caplet + value of a 2-year caplet- expiration value of caplet = max {0, [(one-year rate – cap rate)* notional principal]} / (1+ one-year rate)- expiration value of floorlet = max {0, [floor rate –one-year rate]*notional principal}/(1+ one-year rate)4. Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) Model(1) continuous time and no-arbitrage assumption. To derive the BSM model, an“instantaneously” riskless portfolio (one that is riskless over the next instant) is used to solve for the option price.(2) BSM assumptions and limitations - P 265Exception: the put value may increase as the option approaches maturity if the option is deep in the money and close to maturity.(4) DeltaDelta call = (C1– C0) / (S1– S0)0 = < Delta call < = 1- 1 = < Delta put < = 0C - Price of the callS - Price of the underlying stockFrom BSM:N(d1) *[N(d1) - 1] *The approximation gets worse when the△S gets larger.Delta is the slope of the prior-to-expiration curve, which evaluates the time value.- intrinsic value0, when call option is out of moneyS T– X, when call option is at the money- time valueThe prior-to-expiration curve lies above the at-expiration diagram by the amount of the time value.5. Dynamic Hedging(1) goal of delta-neutral portfolio (delta-neutral hedge) is to combine a long position in astock with a short position in a call option so that the value of the portfolio doesn’t change when the value of the stock changes.(2) Number of options needed to delta hedge = number of shares hedged / delta of calloption(3) The delta-neutral portfolio must be continually rebalanced to maintain the hedge –dynamic hedge.6. Gamma(1) It is used to measure the rate of change in delta as the underlying stock pricechanges.(2) Long positions in calls and puts have positive gammas. And, call and put on the sameunderlying assets with the same exercise price and time to maturity will have equal gammas.(3) Gamma is the largest when a call or put is at the money and close to expiration. If theoption is either deep in or deep out of the money, gamma approaches zero.(4) Gamma can be used to measure how poorly a dynamic hedge will perform when it isnot rebalanced in response to a change in the asset price.7. Effect of underlying asset cash flowExistence of cash flows on the underlying asset:Decrease the value of a call and increase the value of a putC0(X) + [X/(1 + R f)T] = P0 + (S0– PVCF)8. Options on ForwardsPut-call parity for options on forwardsPortfolio IC0 + (X - F T )/(1+R f)TA call on the forward contract with an exercise price of X that matures at time T on a forward contract at F TPortfolio IIP0A put on the forward contract with an exercise price of XA long position in the forward contractC0 + (X - F T )/(1+R f)T = P09. Options on futures & Options on forwardsAmerican options on futures are more valuable than comparable European options because there is mark to market on futures, early exercise can accelerate the payment of any gains.Since there is no mark to market on forwards, early exercise doesn’t accelerate the payment of any gains. So the value of American and European options on forwards are the same.。

2005年英语一的7选五In the 2005 English Paper 1, Question 7, candidates were tasked with completing a passage by choosing the most appropriate option from a set of five given choices. This question examined candidates' ability to understand the overall meaning and specific details of the text, as well as their ability to make inferences and apply context. In this article, we will explore this question further, analyzing the different choices and providing reasoning for the correct answers.Option A - This option claims that "his book practice is contrary to his preaching." However, the passage does not provide any evidence to support this statement, nor does it suggest a contradiction between the author's book and speech. Therefore, we can conclude that Option A is not the correct choice.Option B - This option suggests that the author admits to exaggerating when discussing his wife's abilities. The passage states that the author "presents her in impossible lights," which implies that the author may be portraying his wife in an idealized or exaggerated manner. Therefore, Option B could be a possible choice.Option C - This choice asserts that the author's main concern is that his wife does not enjoy a book. However, the passage does not provide any evidence to support this claim. It is true that the author is disappointed when his wife does not enjoy a book, but this is not his main concern. Therefore, Option C is not the correct choice.Option D - This option suggests that the author cares more about his wife's opinion than about the opinions of critics. The passage mentions that the author is "relieved" when his wife enjoys a book, but it does not provide any evidence to support the claim that he places greater importance on his wife's opinion than on that of critics. Therefore, Option D is not the correct choice.Option E - This choice argues that the author does not want people to think poorly of his wife. The passage mentions that the author often defends his wife against criticism, implying that he does not want others to have a negative opinion of her. Therefore, Option E could be a possible choice.Based on the analysis above, we can conclude that the correct choices for this question are Option B and Option E. The author presents his wife in an exaggerated manner (Option B), and he does not want people to think poorly of her (Option E).In conclusion, the 2005 English Paper 1, Question 7, tested candidates' comprehension and inference skills through a 7-option task. By carefully analyzing the options and considering the evidence provided in the passage, candidates could arrive at the correct answers (B and E). The ability to understand the overall meaning and specific details of a text, as well as to make inferences and apply context, is an essential skill in English comprehension.。