2012英语大纲

2012高考英语重点考点一. 高考英语习惯用法汇总1. It’s the first time that……….(从句中用现在完成时)It was for the first time that………(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调)It’s (high) time that……..(从句中用过去时或should do)2. It’s the same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此（用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）3.…be about to do / be doing……when…….正要做/正在做……就在那时…….4 A is twice / three times as +原级+as BA is twice / three times the n. of B.A is twice / three times +比较级+than B5. It’s a waste of time / money doing / to do…It’s no use / good doing………It’s possible / probable / (un) likely that……….It makes great / no sense to do……做某事很有/没意义6. There’s no use / good doing…….There’s no sense / point (in) doing……There is no need for sth. / to do…….There is (no) possibility that…………（同位语从句）7.The+比较级…….., the+比较级………越…….., 越…….注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；8. It seems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb…….在某人看来某人……….= Sb. seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done……..It seems / looks as if……….好象/似乎……..9. It (so) happened that sb. ……..某人碰巧……..= Sb. h appened to be / to do / to be doing / to have done…..10. It is said / thought / believed / hoped / supposed …….that sb………=Sb. is said to be / to do / to be doing / to have done……….(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hope sb. to do结构)12 …….such…….that…….如此…….以致于（引导结果状语从句）…….such……..as……像……..的这种……(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表语)13. Do you mind if I do sth.? / Would you mind if I did sth.?14. The chance is that……../ (The )Chances are that……….很可能…….15.Check / Make sure / See to it / See that……..(从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必……..16. depend on it that……..取决于see to it that…….负责/设法做到…….注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；17．It is / was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+that………How / When / Where / Why is / was it that………..?注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）18 How is it that……..（这几个句型都表示“怎么会…….?”“怎么发生的？”）How come+从句？How does / did sth. come about? ( How did it come about that…….?)如:How come you are late again?19. There seems / appears / happens to be / must b e / can’t be / is (are, was, were) said to be /is (are, was, were) thought to be…….表示“.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/ 据说有/认为有……..”介词（如of ）there beingwant / wish / expect there to be要/希望/期待有……..adj. / adv. enough for there to be…….足够…….会有…….注意：there being / there to be为there be的非谓语形式；It is said / thought that there is / are……=There is / was / are / were said (thought) to be……. 如：I have never dream of there being such a good chance for me.It won’t be cold enough for there to be a frost tonight.20. 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？Who do you think he’ll have attend the meeting?21. But for + n. / pron., sb. / sth. would (not) have done…..要不是……., 某人早就……(表示虚拟语气)=If it had not been for…..,……./ If there had not been ……., ……..22. It won(’t) be long before +从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要…….It was (not) long before+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才……..23. Those who………….(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式).Anyone who…………= Whoever………..(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)24…….主句（一般现在时或过去时）…...when从句….(might / should do 或might / should have done) 表示”对比”,意思为“本该……(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如:Why are you here when you should be in school?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?He stopped trying when he might have succeeded .本该已成功了他却停止努力了.25. There is ./ Sb. have no doubt that………(同位语从句,that不可省略)There is / Sb. have some doubt whether……..(同位语从句不可用if)Sb. doubt if / whether…….Sb. don’t doubt that………26 . immediately / directly / instantly / the moment +从句on / upon + n. / doingNo sooner had sb. done than …….(过去时)Hardly had sb. done when……..(过去时)注意：这几个结构都表示“一…….就”；27. every time / each time / the last time / the first time / next time +从句（名词性短语引导一个时间状语句）anywhere / everywhere +从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）Y ou can go anywhere you like.Next time you come, please bring your son along.28.If only / I wish +从句(用过去类时态) 表示虚拟语气, “要是…….就好了”“但愿……就好了!”29 .Considering + n. 或pron. 或that从句/ Seeing that……….考虑到/鉴于…….Given + n. / pron作状语,表示“在有……的情况下”“如果有”“假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should help him now.Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.Given their inexperience / that they are inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.30.There was a time when…….曾经有那么一度……….31.other than与no, not, none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:It was none other than Mr. Smith.这正是Smith先生.32. Not until…….did / do/ does / will sb. do……It was / is not until ……that sb………33.It’s (un) like sb. to do / to have done……做某事很像某人/ 做某事可不像某人34.It remains to be seen Wh--words ……..是否…….还有待于看.(不用that, if作连接词)35.It only remains for sb. to do……剩下的只是要某人做某事.We’ve got everything rea dy. It only remains for you to come to dinner.36.One moment……., and now………刚才一会儿还在做……而现在却……..37.Not all / both / everyone………表示部分否定38. Such is / are……..这(些)就是…….(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)39. I’d rather (not) do / have done……我宁愿…..I’d rather +从句（从句中用过去时或过去完成时）40. It’s important / necessary / strange / surprising….+that……(用陈述语气或should do)41. I like / hate / appreciate it that / when等从句(it表示后面从句的这种情况)I appreciate it if you will give me a hand.42. By the time +从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完成时）43………., as is often the case with sb. / as is usual with sb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)44 in case / lest / for fear that…….(从句中用陈述语气或should do)45.While置于句首可表示As long as 或AlthoughWhile there is life there is hope.While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones.46. can not ( never) ……too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越……越好”“非常”too + adj. ( anxious / eager / willing / ready / glad等)+to do….表示肯定意思I can’t thank you enough.我非常感激你.He was too glad to see his father.=He was very glad to see his father.47. not / neve等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：-----Do you agree with his suggestion? -------I can’t agree more.48. What if……..要是…….怎么办？What if he doesn’t come tomorrow?49. more……..than与其…….不如……..He is more nervous than frightened.50. It is / has been +一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)It is two years since he drank.他不喝酒已两年了.【各个击破】1. Mr. Smith didn’t understand ______ made his son so upset this morning.A. what was itB. why it was thisC. how that wasD. what it was that2. -----Did you have a good sleep last night?----Y es, never sleep _______.A. badlyB. betterC. worseD. best3. We are only _____ glad to do anything we can _______ her.A.too; to helpB. very; help C too; help D. very; helping4. -----How come you are late for class again?-------_____________.A. Because I missed the busB. By bus and then on footC. Please excuse meD. It’s quite wrong5. _______more than 3,000 languages in the world.A. There are thought to beB. There is thought to beC. They are thought to beD. It is thought to be6. -----George is a wise person.-----But in my opinion, he is ______ than wise.A. clevererB. braverC. more braveD. less brave7. -----So can I ask you a few fairly straightforward questions about yourself?-----No problem. I like ________ when people are open and direct.A. thatB. thisC. itD. them8. ----______I move the picture over here?----I suppose it’ll look better.A. How ifB. What aboutC. How aboutD. What if9. China has produced ______ this year as it did in 2002.A. as twice much steelB. twice steel as muchC. twice as much steelD. as much steel twice10.-----_______was it ______ you discovered the secret of his?------Totally by chance.A. How; whenB. What; thatC. What; whenD. How; that11.-----Who on earth could it be?------It was _______ other than Clint Eastwood.A. noneB. nothingC. notD. nobody12._____his age, he did it quite well, so don’t ______ him any more.A Given; blame B. Considered; say C. To regard; scold D. Considering; speak13.No sooner _____ themselves in their seats in the theatre ______ the curtain went up.A. they have settled; beforeB. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; whenD. they had settled; than14. -----Did you meet with the famous space hero, Y ang Liwei?------______I had come here earlier!A. If onlyB. If notC. But forD. For fear15.The students expected __________ more reviewing classes before the final exams.A. it would beB. there beingC. it to beD. there to be16.Students shouldn’t be given so difficult a problem _____ they can not work out.A. thatB. whichC. whileD. as17. It was twelve o’clock at midnight _______ they arrived at a lonely village.A. thatB. beforeC. sinceD. when18.-----The exam wasn’t difficult, was it?------No, but I don’t think ______could pass it.A. somebodyB. anybodyC. everybodyD. nobody19.-----I always take care when doing papers on the computer.-----Y ou meant it! One can not be _______careful working on it.A. tooB. veryC. soD. quite20.-----Is Miss White working these days?------No. It is two months since she worked here.------Oh,_____________?A. where is she working nowB. would you please show me the wayC. which is her officeD. is she ill二. 语法考点各个掌握一）．that１.引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，无具体意义。

2012年全国高考英语全国卷1(大纲版含答案)2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place? A．In a bookstore. B. In a classroom. C. In a library.2.At what time will the film begin?A.7:20B.7:15C.7:003. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C.A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话。

2012年高考考试说明（课程标准实验版）——英语Ⅰ．关于考试要求的说明一、语言知识基于考生的实际情况，从《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》中精选了3000个左右的单词，作为高考命题的词汇范围。

另外，为命题的需要，增加了个别单词，以*号标明，仅要求考生知道其汉语意思。

二、语言运用1．听力听力是与外国人直接交往中必不可少的一种语言能力。

该部分要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一段对话或独白总会围绕一个主旨或者一个中心思想展开。

有时，主旨要义会比较明确；有时则会贯穿整个对话或独白，考生需自己去归纳、概括。

（2）获取具体的、事实性信息为了说明和支持主旨，对话或独白中总会出现一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。

这些信息是理解和把握对话或独白主旨必不可少的内容，也常常是听力部分的重点考查项目。

（3）对所听内容作出推断话语发生的场合、说话者之间的关系等对话含义的理解起着举足轻重的作用，对这些背景知识的推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人队口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试所要考查的重点项目之一。

（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度一般来讲，说话者总会有说话的意图，或是提出或回答问题，阐述自己的想法，或者表明自己的态度或意见，对此的理解或推断在一般交往中非常重要。

有时，说话者的意图或观点是明说出来的；有时则隐含在对话的字里行间，需要听者自己去揣摩、推断。

2．阅读理解阅读文章是我国考生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。

有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。

2012年全国统一高考英语试卷（大纲版）第一部分英语知识运用（满分5分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．1. theater（）A.treasureB.wheatC.seasonD.realize【答案】D【考点】语音【解析】theater的音标是[’θɪətə]，字母组合ea发的音是/ɪə/；【解答】答案：D 字母组合ea 在不同的单词中的发音． treasure 的音标是，字母组合ea发的音是∥； wheat 的音标是[wi：t]，字母组合ea发的音是/i：/； season 的音标是[ˈsi：zn]，字母组合ea发的音是/i：/； realize的音标是[ˈri：əlaɪz]，字母组合ea发的音是/ɪə/；所以本题选择D．2. persuade（）ualB.insistC.sugarD.trousers【答案】B【考点】语音【解析】persuade的音标是[pəˈsweɪd]，字母s发的音是/s/；．【解答】答案：B usual的音标是[ˈju：ʒuəl]，字母s发的音是/ʒ/； insist的音标是[ɪnˈsɪst]，字母s发的音是/s/； sugar的音标是[ˈʃʊgə（r）]，字母s发的音是/ʃ/；trousers的音标是[ˈtraʊzəz]，字母s发的音是/z/．所以本题选择．3. company（）A.aloneB.carrotC.moneyD.knock【答案】C【考点】语音【解析】company的音标是[ˈkʌmpəni]，字母o发的音是/ʌ/．【解答】答案：C alone 的音标是[əˈləʊn]，字母o发的音是/əʊ/； carrot的音标是[ˈkærət]，字母o发的音是/ə/； money的音标是[ˈmʌni]，字母o发的音是/ʌ/； knock的音标是4. opposite（）A.serviceB.outsideC.pioneerD.police【答案】A【考点】语音【解析】opposite的音标是[ˈɒpəzɪt]，字母i的发音是/ɪ/；【解答】答案：A service的音标是[ˈsɜ：vɪs]，字母i的发音是/ɪ/； outside的音标是[ˌaʊtˈsaɪd]，字母i的发音是/aɪ/； pioneer的音标是[ˌpaɪəˈnɪə（r）]，字母i的发音是/aɪ/； police 的音标是[pəˈli：s]，字母i的发音是/i：/；所以本题选择A．5. society（）A.officialB.recentC.chocolateD.difficult【答案】B【考点】语音【解析】society音标为[səˈsaɪəti]，字母c发的是/s/；【解答】答案：B，official音标为[əˈfɪʃl]，字母c发的是/ʃ/，recent音标为[ˈri：snt]，字母c发的是/s/，chocolate音标为[ˈtʃɒklət]，字母c发的是/k/；difficult音标为[ˈdɪfɪkəlt]，字母c 发的是/k/．所以本题选择B．第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．答案是B．﹣What shall we do tonight then？﹣___，whatever you want．（）A.Help yourselfB.It’s a dealC.No problemD.It’s up to you【答案】D【考点】情景交际【解析】﹣﹣﹣那么今晚我们要干点什么呢？﹣﹣﹣由你决定，你想干什么就干什么．【解答】答案D．A项“请自便”；B项“一言为定，成交”；C项“没问题”；D项“由你决定，取决于你”；根据破折号后面的内容“whatever you want”可知，答话人表示一切听从对方的安排，因此D项符合语境，其它选项均不符合，故选D．【答案】C【考点】定冠词不定冠词【解析】句意：他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是他将在跳远比赛中获得再一次夺得金牌的机会．【解答】答案C．第一空格用the特指跳高金牌，第二空格用a/an+序数词表示“又一，再一”．故选C．That evening，___ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late．（）A.that B.which C.what D.when【答案】B【考点】关系代词【解析】句意为：那天晚上我工作到很晚，关于那天晚上的更多事我稍后会告诉你的．【解答】答案：B 考查非限制性定语从句中的关系词．题干需要一个连接从句的关系词，从句中缺少介词宾语，故排除D．when是关系副词，不能做宾语，学生容易误选when，误以为先行词是that evening；what不引导定语从句；用逗号隔开，表明是非限制性定语从句，而that不引导非限制性定语从句，故选which做about的宾语．Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning．（）A.herselfB.thisC.thatD.it【答案】D【考点】代词【解析】句意：今天早上，萨拉及时抵达机场并赶上了飞机．【解答】答案D．make it是固定短语，意为“成功；达到预定目标”．解答本题的关键是句中的副词just，表示刚好赶上飞机，说明萨拉“成功地准时到达机场”．故选D．Tony lent me the money，___ that I’d do as much for him．（）A.hopingB.to hopeC.hopedD.having hoped【答案】A【考点】现在分词【解析】句意：Tony借给我钱，希望我为他做更多的事．答案A．根据句意，托尼留给我钱，同时希望我能给他多多做事．hope与Tony之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语做伴随状语．故选A．I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once．（）A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after【答案】A【考点】从属连词【解析】句意为：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家．【解答】答案：A 本题只要辨认出固定句型hardly…when…问题即刻解决．考查固定句型hardly…when…的用法．We ___ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day．（）A.set aboutB.set upC.set outD.set down【答案】C【考点】动词短语辨析【解析】句意为：我们开始着手油漆整座房子，可是那天只完成了房子前面的部分．【解答】答案：C，set about doing sth：决心开始做某事；set up：支起；创立；set out to do：着手去做某事，出发（旅行）；set down：记下，根据句意已经空格后面的不定式，可知本题应该选择C．Next to biology，I like physics ___．（）A.betterB.bestC.the betterD.very well【答案】B【考点】副词比较等级【解析】句意为：除了生物之外，我最喜欢物理．【解答】答案：B 本题考查副词用法．next to 在这里是“除了…之外”的意思．因为说除了biology 之外我最喜欢的就是 physics 了，所以用best．此处best是副词的最高级，修饰动词like，强调最喜欢．故B正确．-Did you ask Sophia for help？-I ___ need to-I managed perfectly well on my own．（）A.wouldn’tB.don’tC.didn’tD.won’t【答案】C【考点】【解析】句意：你向索菲亚求助了吗？–我不需要，我已经自己完美解决了．【解答】答案C．问句中是一般疑问句式，那么回答也应该一致．回答中need是作实意动词用，在这里只是简单陈述过去的事实．故选C．The old man sat in front of the television every evening，happy ___ anything that happened to be on．（）A.to watchB.watchingC.watchedD.to have watched【答案】A【考点】不定式【解析】句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目．【解答】答案A．happy ___ anything that happened to be on是形容词短语作伴随状语．而___ anything that happened to be on又做happy的原因状语，be happy to do..为固定用法，be happy to have done 表示因做了…而开心，根据句意，他高兴地看要上演的任何节目，故选A．100℃is the temperature ___ which water will boil．（）A.forB.atC.onD.of【答案】B【考点】介词基础【解析】句意：100度是水沸腾的温度．【解答】答案B．本题是定语从句，temperature是先行词，___ which water will boil是定语从句．at与temperature搭配，意为在…的温度时．故选B．I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money．（）A.canB.mightC.wouldD.need【答案】A【考点】情态动词【解析】句意：如果我能弄到钱，我就和约翰一起去欧洲度假．【解答】答案A．can“能够，有时会”；might“可能”；would“意愿或过去习惯性动作”；need“需要”．根据句意，我和约翰去欧洲度假的前提是，我“能够”弄到钱，故选A．C.has been tellingD.will have told【答案】C【考点】动词时态【解析】句意：自上午9点以来，经理一直在告诉工人们如何来改善这个项目．【解答】答案C． have/has been doing 表示过去发生的某个动作一直持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，还可能继续持续下去．根据句意，自从上午9点以来，经理一直告诉工人们如何来改善这个项目．是过去发生的动作，可能还会继续持续下午，故选C．The Harry Potter books are quite popular； they are in great ___ in this city．（）A.quantityB.progressC.productionD.demand【答案】D【考点】名词辨析【解析】句意：《哈利波特》很受欢迎，他们在这个城市有很大的需求量．【解答】答案D．quantity“数量”；progress“进步，发展”；production“成果，生产”；demand“需求”．根据句意，：由《哈利波特》很受欢迎可知，他们在这个城市有很大的“需求量”．故选D．-Try not to work yourself too hard．Take it easy．-Thanks．___（）A.So what？B.No way．C.What for？D.You，too．【答案】D【考点】情景交际【解析】–不要操劳过度，慢慢来．–谢谢．你也一样．【解答】答案：D．so what意为“那又怎么样”；no way意为“没门，决不”；what for意为“为什么，为何目的”；You，too．意为“你也一样”．根据交际用语答语的“礼貌原则”可知，题干中对方劝答话人工作不要太拼命，要慢慢来．答话人要对他人的关心表示感谢，同时也要表示自己对对方的关心，所以希望对方也这样．故选D．第三节完形填空（每小题1.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．Around twenty years ago I was living in York．（1）I was（3）________ a school bus to make ends meet and （4）________ with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat．I had（5）________ five interviews （面试） with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not（6）________ the job．"Why has my life become so（7）________? "I thought painfully． As I pulled the bus over to（8）________ a little girl, she handed me an earring （9）________ I should keep it（10）________ somebody claimed （认领） it．The earring was painted black and said“BE HAPPY”．At first I got angry．Then it（11）________ me-I had been giving all of my（12）________ to what was going wrong with my（13）________ rather than what was right!I decided then and there to make a（14）________ of fifty things I was happy with．Later, I decided to（15）________ more things to the list．That night there was a phone call for（16）________ from a lady who was a director at a larger（17）________．She asked me if I would（18）________ a one-day lecture on stress （压力） management to 200medical workers．I said yes．My （19）________ there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job．To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of（20）________ that I completely changed my life．（1）A. B.Though C.If D.When（2）A.successfulB.extraC.satisfyingD.convenient（3）A.drivingB.repairingC.takingD.designing（4）A.workingB.travellingC.discussingD.living（5）A.prepared forB.attendedC.asked forD.held（6）A.loseB.likeC.findD.get（7）A.hardB.busyC.seriousD.short（8）A.wave atB.drop offC.call onD.look for（10）A.in caseB.or elseC.as ifD.now that（11）A.hurtB.hitC.caughtD.moved（12）A.feelingsB.attentionC.strengthD.interests（13）A.opinionscationC.experiencesD.life（14）A.listB.bookC.checkD.copy（15）A.connectB.turnC.keepD.add（16）A.herB.a passengerC.meD.my friend（17）A.hospitalB.factoryC.restaurantD.hotel（18）A.listen toB.reviewC.giveD.talk about（19）A.planB.choiceC.dayD.tour（20）A.operationB.speakingC.employmentD.thinking【答案】Thoughsatisfyingdrivinglivingattendedgetharddropoffsayingincasehitlistaddmehospitalrestaurantdaythinking【考点】记叙文完形【解析】本文是一篇记叙文．主要讲述了我二十年前在纽约经历的一段艰难生活．起初，虽然有工作经验和硕士学位我却找不到满意的工作．一个小女孩给我的耳环改变了我的生活．从此以后，我列了一个感到满意的50件事情清单，并不断添加．后来我终于找到了一份高薪的工作．我知道正是因为我改变了我的思维方式，我的生活才得以改变．【解答】（1）B 考查连词辨析．根据语境可知，尽管我有硕士学位和工作经验，但还是不能找到满意的工作．故选B．（2）C 考查形容词辨析．successful成功的extra额外的satisfying 令人满意的convenient便利的．根据上下文语境可知，我开校车来维持生活并且和我的一个朋友住在一起，因为我没了套房．故选C．（3）A 考查动词辨析．我开校车来维持生活，并和我的一个朋友和住在一起．故选A．（4）D 考查动词辨析．解析同23题．（5）B 考查动词短语辨析．attend the interview参加面试，根据句意可知，我参加了一个公司的面试5次，但他们说我不能得到这份工作．故选B．（6）D 考查动词辨析．解析同25题．“get the job”意文“得到工作”．故选D．（7）A 考查形容词辨析．根据上下文语境可知，作者发出感慨，为什么我的生活那么艰难（hard）呢？故选A．（8）B 考查动词短语辨析．由句意可知，当我把车开到路边让那个小女孩下来的时候，小女孩递给了我一个耳环．故选B．（9）C 考查动词辨析．saying做伴随状语．由句意可知，她在地给我耳环的时候说，保管好耳环，说不定有人来认领．故选C．（10）A 考查连词辨析．in case以免，以防； or else否则；asif好像；now that既然．由句意可知，小女孩在递给我耳环的同时说，我应该保存它以免有人认领．故选A．（11）B 考查动词辨析．“It hit me”意为：我突然想到．固定结构．故选B．（12）B 考查名词辨析．根据语境可知，我把一切注意力（attention）都集中在了生活的不顺上，而没有关注好的一面．故选B．（13）D 考查名词辨析．opinions意见education教育 experiences 经历 life生活解析同32题．（14）A 考查名词辨析．list清单 check支票 copy拷贝根据语境可知，我决定列一份我感到满意的50件事情的清单（list）．故选A．（15）D 考查名词辨析．connect联系；turn转向；变为；keep保持；add添加．由上下文语境可知，后来我决定向清单中添加更多的事情．故选D．（16）C 考查上下文联系．a phone call for me 意为：我的一个电话．那天晚上意为女士给我打了一个电话．故选C．（18）C 考查动词辨析．“give a one-day lecture”意为“做了一天的报告”，根据句意可知，她问我是否可以做一天报告．故选C．（19）C 考查名词辨析．plan计划choice选择 day 天tour旅游．根据上下文语境可知，我那天进展的很顺利，后来得到了一份高薪的工作．（20）D 考查名词辨析．由上下文语境可知，直到今天我才知道，正是因为我改变了我的思维方式，我的生活才得以改变．故选D．第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）第一节语篇阅读（每小题8分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．（每小题8分）Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people．Sometimes owners for get that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter （住所） as they are．Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thi nking that all animals are used to living outdoors．This can put their pets in danger of serious illness．There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe．Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad．If you have to take th em out, stay outside with them．When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are t oo．I you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelte r against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water．If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter．They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere．Watch them closely when they are left outd oors, and provide them with shelter of good quality．Keep an eye on your pet’s water．Som etimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink．Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, whi ch may contain something unhealthy for them．（1）What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1？________A.They are often forgotten by their owners．B.They are used to living outdoors．C.They build their won shelters．D.They like to stay in warm places．（2）Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather？________A.To know when to bring them inside．B.To keep them from eating bad food．C.To help them find shelters．D.To keep them company．（3）If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather，they may________．A.run short of clean water．B.dig deep holes for fun．（4）What is the purpose of this text？________A.To solve a problem．B.To give practical advice．C.To tell an interesting story．D.To present a research result．【答案】DAAB【考点】健康类阅读推理判断观点态度【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，主要向我们介绍了宠物的主人认为所有的动物都习惯于生活在户外，这个观点是不正确的，并且向我们提供了几点在寒冷天气照顾宠物的实用的建议，让他们为宠物提供温暖的环境和足够的干净的水．【解答】（1）D 细节理解题，根据第一段Cold weather can hard on pets，just like it can be hard on people．可知寒冷的天气对于宠物来说是艰难的，因此可知宠物喜欢待在温暖的环境，故选D．（2）A 细节理解题，根据第二段If you have to take them out，stay outside with them．When you’re cold enough to go inside，they probably are too．可知宠物的主人被要求与宠物一起待在外面是因为可以感知什么时候带他们进到屋里，故选A．（3）A 细节理解题，根据第三段Keep an eye on your pet’s water．Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has fro zen and their pet can’t get anything to drink．可知宠物被单独留在外面可能水被冻住而没有干净的水喝，故选A．（4）B 主旨大意题，本文向我们提供了在寒冷的天气如何照顾宠物的实用的建议，故选B．You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it．You do no t need to be strong．But you need to be quick．And you need to understand a few basic rul es about the wind．First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or b ehind or from the side? ”You must think about this all the time on the boat．The wind direct ion tells you what to do with the sail．Let’s start with the wind blowing from behind．This means the wind and the boat are goin g in the same direction．Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat．It should be at a 90° angle （角度） to the boat．Then it will catch the wind best．If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat．In this case, you must k eep the sail half way outside the boat．It should be at a 45° angle to the boat． It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap （摆Sailing into the wind is not possible．If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop．You may want to go in that direction．It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line．You must go first in one direction and then in another．This is called tacking．When you are tackin g, you must always keep the sail inside the boat．（1）What should you consider first while sailing？________A.Sailors’strength．B.Wave levels．C.Wind directions．D.Size of sails．（2）What does the word“It”underlined in Paragraph 4refer to？________A.The boat．B.The wind．C.The sail．D.The angle．（3）What do you have to do when sailing against the wind？________A.Move in a straight line．B.Allow the sail to flap．C.Lower the sail．D.Tack the boat．（4）Where can you probably find the text？________A.In a popular magazine．B.In a tourist guidebook．C.In a physics textbook．D.In an official report．【答案】CCDA【考点】科教类阅读细节理解推理判断【解析】本文是一篇说明文．文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识，进行帆船运动必须掌握风向，风向决定着帆船的运动速度．后文分别就顺风行驶、侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述．【解答】（1）C 细节理解题．根据第二段中的“First，you must ask yourself，”Where is the wind coming from？Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？“”可知，风向是决定帆船最重要因素．（2）C 猜测词义题．根据文章中的"you must keep the sail half way outside the boat．It should be at a 45° angle to the boat．It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind，but it shouldn’t flap （摆动）．"可知，itbut you can’t go in a straight line．You must go first in one direction and then in another．T his is called tacking．”所以选D．tack the boat意为：改变船航向．（4）A 推理判断题．帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动，因此，本文很可能从流行杂志中节选．故选A．Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships．For example, in American culture （文化） the smile is in general an expression of pleasure．Yet it also has other uses．A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child．A smile may show love or politeness．It can also hide true feelings．It often causes c onfusion （困惑） across cultures．For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in p ublic to be unusual and even improper．Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in pub lic places （although this is less common in big cities）．Some Russians believe that America ns smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians do n’t smile enough．In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings．Vietnamese pe ople may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile．Our faces show emotions （情感）, but we should not attempt to“read”people from another culture as we would“read”so meone from our own culture．The fact that members of one culture do not express their e motions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience e motions．Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permi tted．For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emot ions as freely as Americans do．When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show t heir emotions similarly．It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal a nd cultural differences in the United States．People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others．The key is to try not to judg e people whose ways of showing emotion are different．If we judge according to our own c ultural habits, we may make the mistake of“reading”the other person incorrectly．（1）What does the smile usually mean in the U．S．？________A.Love．B.Politeness．C.Joy．D.Thankfulness．（2）The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can________．A.show friendliness to strangers．B.be used to hide true feelings．C.be used in the wrong places．D.show personal habits．（3）What should we do before attempting to“read”people？________A.Learn about their relations with others．B.Understand their cultural backgrounds．C.Find out about their past experience．（4）What would be the best title for the test？________A.Cultural Differences．B.Smiles and Relationship．C.Facial Expressiveness．D.Habits and Emotions．【答案】CBBC【考点】社会文化类阅读细节理解【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，开篇向我们介绍了不同国家微笑所代表的意义，微笑可以隐藏人们的真实情绪，而后文则介绍了面部表情所表达给我们的意义，不同的文化差异可能使我们的表情被误解．【解答】（1）C 细节理解题，根据第一段For example，in American culture （文化） the smile is in general an expression of pleasure．可知在美国微笑是用来表示愉快的，故选C．（2）B 推理判断题，根据第一段结尾In Southeast Asian culture，a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings．Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile．可知在越南人们可以带着微笑讲述一个悲伤的故事，说明微笑可以用来隐藏真实的情绪，故选B．（3）B 细节理解题，根据第二段The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do member s of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions．Rather，there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted．可知不同文化背景的人的面部表情存在文化差异，因此在阅读人之前应该了解他们的文化背景，故选B．（4）C 主旨大意题，本文主要向我们讲述了不同文化背景的人的面部表情所表现的内容，故选C．ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia-One of the world’s most famous fossils （化石）-the 3.2million-year-old Lucy skeleton （骨骼） unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974-will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesd ay．Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice．The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopia n National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replicawhile the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom．A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Tex as, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U．S．tour, which will start in Ho uston next September．“Ethiopia’s rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the wo rld, ”said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum．The six-Travelling with Lucy will be 190other fossils．Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man （猿人）．（1）The author writes this text mainly to________．A.introduce a few U．B.describe some research work．C.discuss the value of an ape-man．D.report a coming event．S.museums．（2）What do the words“a replica”in Paragraph 2refer to？________A.A painting of the skeleton．B.A photograph of Lucy．C.A copy of the skeleton．D.A written record of Lucy．（3）How many cities has Lucy’s U．S．tour plan already included？________A.Four．B.Five．C.Six．D.Eleven．（4）What was the skeleton named after？________A.An ape-man．B.A song．C.A singer．D.A camp．【答案】DCBB【考点】人文地理类阅读细节理解推理判断【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道．文章讲述了埃塞尔比亚的古老化石去美国展出的事件安排．【解答】（1）D．主旨大意题．这是一篇新闻报道，新闻报道的目的显然是报道事实，让大众知晓．这篇报道的目的就是：报道埃塞尔比亚的古老化石去美国展出的事件．故选D．（2）C．词义猜测题．根据文章内容可知：the Lucy is a replica，而the Lucy又是skeleton，所以a replica的意思是：A copy of the skeleton．故选C．（3）B．细节理解题．根据文章中的“the tour will start in Houston next September．和The six-year tour will also go to Washington，New York，Denver and Chicago．”可知是5个城市．故选B．（4）B．细节理解题．．根据文章中的“Lucy，her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery，”可知，Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure．The gener ation born between 1980and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance w ere played down because“everyone’s a winner．”And their report cards sounded more positi ve （正面的） than ever before．As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls the m“the overpraised generation．”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40years．Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it．Here’s how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent （才能） is genetic-you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person．The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame ．When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficultie s．On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible．Because the ego （自尊）isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame．When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to ret hink, change and try again．In fact, it enjoys this experience．We are all born with growth mind-sets．（Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world．） But parents, teachers, and ins tructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise．Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth．But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your chi ldren, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure．（1）What does the author think about the present generation？________A.They don’t do well at school．B.They are often misunderstood．C.They are eager to win in sports．D.They are given too much praise．（2）A fixed mind-set person is probably one who________．A.doesn’t want to work hard．B.cares a lot about personal safety．C.cannot share his ideas with others．D.can succeed with the help of teachers．（3）What does the growth mind-set believe？________A.Admitting failure is shameful．B.Talent comes with one’s birth．C.Scores should be highly valued．（4）What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study？________A.Encourage them to learn from failures．B.Prevent them from making mistakes．C.Guide them in doing little things．D.Help them grow with praise．【答案】DADA【考点】科教类阅读推理判断观点态度【解析】本文是一篇科学调查报告．斯坦福大学教授Dweck经过40年的调查研究认为人们对待失败有两种不同的思维模式，这两种思维模式对我们如何对待失败有很大的影响．第一种是有固定思维模式的人，他们认为才能是天生的，成功不需要努力而失败是耻辱．他们逃避未来的困难．第二种是具有成长思维模式的人，他们认为才能不是天生的，努力和学习使一切成为可能．向失败学习并把它看作成长的经历．【解答】（1）D 细节理解题．根据第一段中的“professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them”the overpraised generation．“”可知，他们被表扬的太多了．故选D．（2）A 推理判断题．根据文章第三段中的“The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame ．”可知，他相信成功但不想付出努力．（3）D 推理判断题．根据文章第四段中的“the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame．When faced with a difficulty，it’s quick to rethink，change and try again．In fact，it enjoys this experience．”可知D正确．（4）A．根据文章的最后一句“But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your ch ildren，grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure．”可知A正确．第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项．（每小题5分）Daughter：Dad．You love me，don’t you？Father：Of course，I do．（1）________Daughter：Well，I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper，and …Father：（2）________Daughter：Well，the phone is free …after the＄50I pay is returned to me．Father：Ah，so that’s the catch．（3）________Daughter：Dad．All my friends have one．Father：Ah，I don’t know．（4）________Father：I don’t know．Daughter：Please Dad．With the new phone you won’t have to worry about me while I’m driving the n ew car．Father：（5）________Daughter：The new car you’ll need to buy so I can use the phone．A．Ah…what’s on your mind？B．New car？What new car？C．Free？Nothing’s ever free．D．What did you do to the new car？E．And why on earth do you need a phone？F．They always charge a lot for the service．G．But what is the term of the service agreement？【答案】A,C,E,F,B【考点】情景交际【解析】本段对话主要是父女之间为了买手机而展开的对话．【解答】（1）A 女儿问父亲他是否爱她，父亲当然爱自己的女儿，哪有父亲不爱自己的孩子的．所以父亲对女儿的这句话表示质疑，所以问：Ah…what’s on your mind？．（2）C 女儿说：这儿有免费的手机．父亲的经验是哪有免费的东西．所以说：Free？Nothing’s ever free．（3）E 根据下文女儿的答语All my friends have one可知，父亲问了：你究竟为什么要手机？（4）F 根据下文女儿的话语the monthly charge for this service is only＄（5）99可知，上文应该谈手机费的问题．所以选F．（6）B 根据上下文可知，他们谈的是车的问题，又根据下文The new car you’ll need to buy可知，父亲要买新车．所以选B．第三部分写作（共三节，满分10分）第一节单词拼写（每小题1分）根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，在答题卡相应题号的横线上写出空缺处各单词的正确形式（每空只写一词）．Do you speak any________ （外国） languages？【答案】foreign【考点】名词辨析【解析】句意为：你会说外国的语言吗？【解答】。

华南理工大学网络教育学院2012年秋季高中起点专科入学考试《英语》复习大纲说明：本复习可以帮助考生顺利通过入学考试，试题的大部分内容与本复习相关。

Ⅰ. 单项选择（从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项）1. The man over there is my brother. ________ is a doctor.A. SheB. HeC. HersD. His2. I was born ______ July 2, and my birthday is coming soon.A. forB. atC. inD. on3. This is my dress. That one is ________ .A. MaryB. Mary’sC. sisterD. mother4. Mr. Li is out. But he _______ here ten minutes ago.A. wasB. isC. will beD. would be5. “ _______ does your father do?” “He is a worker.”A. WhichB. WhoC. WhatD. How1-5 BDBAC6. “Must I finish my homework now?” “No, you ______ .”A. may notB. mustn’tC. can’tD. needn’t7. “What ______ do you like best?” “Football.”A. foodB. subjectC. sportD. music8. Which is bigger, the sun ______ the moon?A. orB. andC. butD. so9. My uncle enjoys _______ TV after supper.A. watchingB. watcherC. watchedD. to watch10. I have two cats. One is black, and _______ is white.A. anotherB. someC. otherD. the other6-10 DCAAD11. It’s six o’clock now. It’s time _______ .A. get upB. got upC. to get upD. getting up12. Miss Gao isn’t her e. She ________ to the station to meet Mr. Brown.A. wentB. has goneC. has beenD. would go13. “Can you speak Chinese, Peter?” “Y es, But only _______ .”A. littleB. fewC. a littleD. a few14. Excuse me. Can you tell me when ________ ?A. does the shipB. the ship leavesC. the ship had leftD. did the ship leave15. Why not look up the new word in a dictionary ______ you don’t know it?A. ifB. thatC. thoughD. whether11-15 CBCBA16. The coat I bought last week is too big for me. I’d like to change it for a _______ one.A. smallB. largeC. nicerD. smaller17. Y ou can ______ what is happening on the other side of the world by telephone.A. seeB. makeC. hearD. learn18. “Let’s go for a long walk into the country this morning.” “_______ , but I think I’m catching a cold.”A. I certainly could use the exerciseB. Y es, let’s goC. Sure. I’d like to go for a long walkD. No, I won’t19. Jack runs as _______ as Tom.A. fastB. fasterC. fastestD. much faster20. I want to be a doctor when I ________ .A. grow upB. talk aboutC. agree withD. get up16-20 DDCAA21. There is ________ “h”and ________ “u”in the word “huge”.A. a; anB. an; aC. a; aD. an; an22. —Li Hua’s English is very good.— Yes, and her French ________ her English.A. is as good asB. isn’t as good asC. is as well asD. is as better as23. —What’s wrong with you, Cheng Li?—I’m feeling ________.A. terribleB. terriblyC. badlyD. good24. — What did Lu Xun do after he gave up medicine?— He devoted ________ writing all his life.A. him toB. himself inC. himself toD. her in25. —Why don’t you ask Tom to do it?—I don’t know whether he is ________ to. He sometimes makes things worse.A. possibleB. afraidC. easyD. able21-25 BAACD26. —Did you go to Jane’s birthday party?— No, I ________.A. am not invitedB. wasn’t invitedC. haven’t been invitedD. didn’t invited27. “Tom, ________ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy.” said Mum.A. not beB. not to beC. be notD. don’t be28. — People can not only use salt for meals.— Yes. They also use it to ________ fire.A. put onB. put offC. put outD. put down29. — Is it possible to be mad ________ others?— Of course not.A. toB. atC. withD. for30. They found ________ useful to advertise on the Internet.A. thatB. thisC. itD. it is26-30 BDCBC31. Why was the plane put off? _______ the heavy rain?A. BecauseB. Because ofC. Instead ofD. After32. — Dad, when will you be free? You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago.—I’m sorry, Jack. But I think I will have a ________ holiday soon.A. four-daysB. four-dayC. four daysD. four day33. — How long has this shop ________?— For about three weeks.A. openedB. been openC. been openedD. open34. —I have won the girls’ long jump.— ________!A. It’s nothingB. All rightC. Don’t be proudD. Congratulations35. — Can you ________ him studying hard?— No, I can’t. He never studies hard.A. stopB. preventC. keepD. warn31-35 BBBDC36. — What about some soy milk? They are full of protein.— ________.A. Yes, I’d love toB. No, thanksC. I want to get vit aminD. It’s terrible37. —________ is the price of the book?—It’s 188 yuan.A. How muchB. How manyC. HowD. What38. —We’d better go out for a walk instead of ________ TV. Don’t you think so?—OK. Let’s go.A. to go to watchB. going to watchC. going watchD. going watching39. We don’t know ________. It is said that she would come tomorrow.A. how she will comeB. when she cameC. when she will comeD. when she comes40. Which of these signs is not seen in a supermarket?A. PushB. PullC. Business HoursD. Slow Down 36-40 BDBDD41. I have two _____ in my pencil-box.A. knifeB. knifesC. knivesD. a knife42. The desks are made ______ wood.A. fromB. ofC. inD. by43. — Whose book is this? Is this yours?—No, it’s ______.A. herB. sheC. myD. hers44. Which is _____, English or Chinese?A. interestingB. interestingerC. more interestingD. most interesting45. — Must they clean the classroom now?— No, they_____.A. can’tB. needn’tC. don’tD. mustn’t41-45 CBDCB46. We’ll go to the zoo if it ______ fine this afternoon.A. isB. areC. will beD. was47. Mrs. White _____ in this school since she came here.A. teachesB. taughtC. has taughtD. had taught48. The teacher told us not ____ in the sun.A. readB. to readC. readsD. reading49. The PLA _____ in 1927.A. was foundB. foundC. was foundedD. founded50. Your father has been to Guangzhou twice, ______?A. has heB. hasn’t heC. doesn’t heD. isn’t he46-50 ACBCB51. The bus stopped to ________ passengers.A. get offB. pull inC. pick upD. get on52. At last he ________ finish it in time.A. managed toB. tried toC. succeeded toD. got to53. Mrs. Edward doesn’t like to take a bus. We walked there ________.A. instead ofB. as wellC. as well asD. instead54. Our leaders have great concern ________ children.A. ofB. forC. withD. on55. He gets up ________ six o’clock every morning.A. onB. atC. inD. of51-55 CABBB56. He is the only man ________ for the position.A. likelyB. possibleC. probablyD. possibly57. When ________ about his plan, he said he hadn’t made it yet.A. was askedB. askedC. was askingD. asking58. If you ________ to see Kate, what would you tell him?A. areB. will beC. mustD. were59. She asked the pupil ________ still, but they kept ________ out of class.A. to sit; to moveB. to sit; movingC. sit; moveD. sitting; moving60. Religion has a great ________ people’s behavior.A. faith inB. division intoC. effect onD. protection against56-60 BBDBD61. The words of his old teacher left a ______ impression on his mind. He is still influenced bythem.A. profoundB. broadC. deepD. wide62. Mike’s uncle insists _______ in this hotel.A. staying notB. not to stayC. that he would not stayD. that he not stay63. We agreed to accept ________ they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whateverB. whomeverC. whicheverD. whoever64. It is our ________ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A. consistentB. continuousC. considerateD. continual65. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _________27%.A. byB. forC. toD. in61-65 CDDBA66. Mary has ________$ 200 on her new clothes.A) spend B) spended C) spent D) costed67. He is ________ by an American family.A) brings up B) brought up C) are brought up D) is brought up68. Can she ________ French?A) talk B) say C) speak D) tell69. I’ll send it to you ________ E-mail.A) for B) with C) by D) on70. It ________ me three weeks to complete this task.A) spent B) took C) take D) spend66-70 CDCCB71. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ________ on benches, chairsor boxes.A) having seated B) seating C) seated D) having been seated72. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ________ comfortably.A) is worn B) wears C) wearing D) are worn73. Some diseases are ________ by certain water animals.A) transplanted B) transformed C) transported D) transmitted74. Wouldn’t you rather your child _________ to bed early?A) go B) went C) would go D) goes75. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders ________ will happen to her privatelife.A) that B) what C) it D) this71-75 CBBDB76. If the idea is wrong, the project fail, ________ good the other ideas might be.A. thoughB. howeverC. whateverD. whichever77. My brother telephoned the airport to make ________ of the time of the plane.A. rightB. trueC. sureD. real78. Every possible test was carried ________ to decide the nature of her illness.A. onB. ofC. outD. through79. We can accomplish our task in time ________ we continue to work hard.A. as far asB. in the careC. as long asD. despite80. Sometimes my job is tiring, but ________ I quite enjoy it.A. at randomB. by and largeC. in other workD. within easy reach76-80 BCCCB81. He won our support by ______, not by force.A) persuasion B) decision C) expression D) vision82. What language ______ in Spain?A) speaks B) spoke C) is spoken D) are spoken83. Who ______ the window yesterday?A) break B) broke C) breaks D) broken84. The students ______ their homework already.A) has finished B) finished C) have finished D) finish85. That dress is very dear. After buying it, I will be ______ .A) break B) broke C) broken D) breaked81-85 ACBCC86. —Have you ___________ drinking?—Not yet.A) been used for B) got used for C) been used to D) got used to87. —What is ___________ distance between Beijing University and Qinghua University?—Sorry, I don’t know it exactly, but the two universiti es are within __________ easy distance?A) the；不填B) the；an C) 不填；an D) 不填；不填88. The passenger ____________ a sign with his hand and the taxi began to drive towards him.A) had B) gave C) made D) did89. We all think it most foolish ___________ that mistake.A) for you to make B) of you to make C) for your making D) of your making90. —I don’t understand this sentence.—Then you’d better get Henry __________ that sentence to you once more.A) explain B) to explain C) explaining D) explained86-90 DACBB91. —Excuse me, sir. I’m writing a research report on French culture? Do you mind answering mea few questions?—_____________.A) Certainly B) By all means C) Y es, please D) No, of course not92. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed ___________.A) catching B) to catch C) being caught D. to be caught93. The Coast Guards reported ____________ a ship without hanging its national flag.A) to see B) to have seen C) seeing D) seen94. We’ll put off the outing until next week, ____________ we won’t be so busy.A) when B) which C) what D) as95. Our class ____________ a wonderful folk dance, which caused a lot of applause（掌声）when it was over.A) put up B) put away C) put aside D) put on91-95 DCCAD96. _____ any noise in class.A. Not makeB. Don’t makeC. Not to makeD. makes97. Can you tell me _____?A. who is heB. he is whoC. who’s thisD. who he is98. Do you enjoy ______ in China?A. liveB. livesC. livingD. to live99. _____hard they are working!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a100. Do you have _____to say?A. important anythingB. anything importantC. important somethingD. something important96-100 BDCCB101. Nobody could ________Mao Zedong.A. take the place ofB. take place ofC. take placeD. take the place102. their English teacher England?A. Does; fromB. Are; come fromC. Do; come fromD. Is; from103. — Do you know how to fix the computer?— Of course. ________A. I can’t.B. That’s not easy.C. It’s very difficult to do it.D. It’s a piece of cake.104. The graduation is sad, because the time we________ together has come to an end.A. studyingB. studyC. studiedD. to study105. My bike isn’t the only thing is missing.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who101-105 BDDBB106.— Did you take part in his birthday last night?— No, _________.A. I haven’t invitedB. I was not invitedC. I can’t invitedD. I did n’t invite107. —Y ou shouldn’t slap your brother ________.—I’m really sorry. I won’t do that again.A. on his faceB. in faceC. in the faceD. in his face108. That is the reason _________.A. why I prefer traditional artB. why did I prefer to paint landscapesC. what I prefer to be an artistD. what do I like paintings better109. We need ________ for the cake.A .a dozen egg B. dozens of egg C. dozens of eggs D. a dozen of egg 110. They moved away a few years ago, but we still __________.A. have a great futureB. have a sad farewellC. keep on touchD. keep in close touch106-110 BCACD111.— Must we open the windows every day?— ____________.A. No, we mustn’tB. No, we needC. No, we haven’t toD. No, we needn’t112. Because of the large population, we’ll have fewer places ________.A. to liveB. to live inC. live inD. living113. I bought a computer yesterday. It _________ me 2,000 yuan.A. tookB. spentC. costD. used114. the students in the school is about three thousand, and _______ of them are girls.A.A number of; two thirdsB. The number of; two thirdsC. A number of; two thirdD. The number of; two third115. There are many old city walls in Beijing, ________?A. are theyB. aren’t theyC. are thereD. aren’t there111-115 DBCBD116. —We’ll do what we can ____English well this term.—It’s high time for you to work hard.A. studyB. to studyC. be studiedD. be studying117. —I don’t think your team can beat theirs.— _________. But we could if Lin Tao were on the team.A. No, we can’tB. Yes, we can’tC. Yes, we canD. No, we can118. — Have you finished your work yet?—No, not yet. I think it’ll take _____ ten minutes.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. more119. —I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long.— Never mind. I ____ here for only a few minutes.A. have beenB. have comeC. have arrivedD. waited120. — You seem to like sweets.—_______. That’s probably why I’m becoming fatter and fatter.A. So I doB. So do IC. So am ID. So I am116-120 BAAAB121. With the help of the computer, information can ____every corner of the world swiftly.A. getB. reachC. arriveD. return122. — Will you please show me how to operate the new machine?—Sure. It’s a piece of cake. Now let me tell you _____ to do first.A. whatB. howC. whetherD. which123. — What do you think of these two books?—_____ of them are interesting. And I’ve read them several times.A. BothB. NeitherC. NoneD. Either124. — The artist has got _____ much work to do that he hardly has time to help his wife with the housework.—That’s true. Even on Sundays he is busy with his work.A. tooB. soC. veryD. such125. — He seems _____ ill. Shall we take him to the hospital right now?—I don’t think it matters. Maybe he’s caught a bit of a cold.A. terribleB. terriblyC. evenD. to be terrible121-125 BBABB126. — Would you like ______ some fruit?—No thanks. I don’t feel like _____ anything now.A. to have, to eatB. having, to eatC. having, eatingD. to have, eating127. —You’ve dropped _____ “s’’ in the word “acros”.—Oh, ____ letter “s’’ should be doubled like this “across’’.A. a, aB. an, aC. a, theD. an, the128. She usually ________ herself up in nice clothes.A. dressesB. putsC. puts onD. wears129. The mother with Tom and Jim often _______ to the park on Sunday.A. goB. goesC. goingD. will go130. Physics, as well as English, _______ important in middle schools.A. were veryB. is greatC. are greatD. is very126-130 DDABD131. I won’t watch the TV play if my father _________ me do my homework.A. letB. will letC. won’t letD. lets132. There are many trees on ________side of the road.A. bothB. anyC. eitherD. all133. He became a famous writer when he was ______.A. in his fiftyB. in his fiftiesC. in fifty years oldD. in fifties134. These radios need repairing, _______?A. don’t theyB. needn’t themC. mustn’t youD. need they135. Taiwan lies ________ the east of China.A. toB. inC. onD. at131-135 ACBDB136. I’m very tired after a day’s hard work, _______ very excited, because I’ve learned a lot.A. butB. andC. soD. then137. It’s very ____ to get ready for the coming exam, for it’s the first time for us to be chosen.A. worthB. excitedC. rewardingD. traditional138. Hainan is really a place to go, and ___ of us in our family enjoyed this trip.A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. none139. Millions of people died ____ the war between America and Iraq.A. betweenB. amongC. duringD. by140. — Could you help me to get some water?—_______.A. It doesn’t matter.B. With pleasureC. It’s a pleasureD. Never mind136-140 ACCCB141. ____ you live, you can help those who are in trouble.A. WhateverB. WhoeverC. WheneverD. Wherever142 .The twins look ______ and I can’t tell one from the other.A. likeB. alikeC. sameD. liking143. ______ terrible music you are listening to! Please turn it off.A. WhatB. What aC. How aD. How144. I wonder ______.A. that she lives near to my houseB. where has he gone these daysC. if the book is the best oneD. how came to school every day145. — What do you think about the book?— _______.A. Its funny storiesB. V ery muchC. Not at allD. It’s just so-so141-145 DBBCD146. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to ______ there’re no mistakes.A. look forB. make sureC. find outD. think about147. Forests help to keep water from running away, so _______ doesn’t often happen.A. fineB. stormC. floodD. drought148. During his _____ in Dalian, he visited many places of interest.A. stayB. travelC. payD. appear149. The little boy _______ is fed up with lessons seems to give up everything.A. whatB. whoseC. whichD. that150. A night club is one of the few places which ____ late in London.A. stay openB. keep openingC. remain openedD. go on opening146-150 BDADAII. 完形填空：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16—35各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

陕西省公布2012年中考方案11月1日省教育厅正式公布了我省明年中考方案，明年中考全省统考将于6月23日至24日举行，考试科目为语文、数学、英语、物理与化学、思想品德与历史（此科开卷考试，其他科闭卷），共7科5卷。

为促进初中均衡发展，省级示范及标准化高中定向生招生比例将到30%以上。

高中招生录取的主要依据将综合素质的评价结果、初中毕业学业考试成绩、体育与健康考试成绩、实验操作考核结果等。

统考文化课7科总分580分成绩以等级呈现我省规定，明年中考各科目试卷满分值及考试时间分别为：语文120分，时间为150分钟；数学120分，时间为120分钟；英语120分（其中听力25分），时间为120分钟；物理与化学120分（物理70分、化学50分），时间为120分钟；思想品德与历史100分（思想品德60分，历史40分），时间为100分钟。

语文为一卷制，其他科目为两卷制。

学业考试以分数阅卷、以等级方式呈现。

考试成绩分A（良好）、C（合格）、D（优秀）、B（不合格）四个等级。

学业成绩达到C等级以上（含C等级）为毕业要求。

允许考生携带规定型号的科学计算器进入数学、物理与化学考场。

体育健康考试满分50分成绩等级呈现我省规定，明年中考继续实施体育与健康考试，体育与健康考试成绩以50分计分（平时成绩占15分，测试成绩占35分），以等级方式（A、B、C、D）呈现。

统一测试时间为九年级第二学期下半学期。

同时继续开展初中毕业学业考试加试物理、化学、生物实验操作考核。

综合素质评价任意两项达到B级以上才能被标准化高中录取我省明确，综合素质评价结果要作为衡量学生是否达到毕业标准和高中阶段学校招生录取新生的重要依据之一。

若六个维度（道德品质、公民素养、学习能力、交流与合作、运动与健康、审美与表现）均达到C级以上（含C级）方达到毕业要求并具备普通高中录取资格；任意两个维度达到B 级以上（含B级）方具备标准化以上高中录取资格。

凡初中阶段获"阳光体育奖章"的学生，在综合素质评价中"运动与健康"维度可评为A级。

英语试卷 第1页（共12页）英语试卷 第2页（共12页）绝密★启用前2012普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（大纲卷）英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分，共12页。

考试时间结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

3. 答Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷第一部分 英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

例: haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C 。

1. theater? A. treasure B. wheat C. season D. realize 2. persuade? A. usual B. insist C. sugar D. trousers 3. company? A. alone B. carrot C. money D. knock 4. opposite? A. service B. outside C. pioneerD. police 5. society? A. officialB. recentC. chocolateD. difficult第二节 语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡将该选项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B 。

managerial a.经理的，管理人的；管理上的，经营上的implement vt.实现；完成；履行suboptimization n.局部最优化，次优化constraint n.强制；强制因素，制约条件organizational a.组织(上)的optimal a.最适宜的；最理想的precedent n.先例，前例profitability n.赚钱，获得trade-off n.(对不能同时兼顾的因素)权衡；物物交entity n.存在，实体；统一性ongoing a.进行中的，前进的to make a guess at 猜测in part 部分地，在某种程度上indifference n.冷漠；不感兴趣(to)and the like 等等，诸如此类correspondence n.符合，一致；通信prospective a.预期的；未来的in the way 挡路；碍事day to day work 日常工作exert vt.尽(力)；施加(压力等)；行使(职权等) intimidate vt.恐吓，恫吓clutch vt./vi.抓住，握紧grip vt./n.紧握，紧夹；掌握，控制conservative a.保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的to take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力rephrase vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示in hand 手头上有neutron n.［物］中子binary a.二，双；二进制的n.双(体)；联星speculation n.推测，猜测；投机observatory n.天文台；了望台density n.密集度，稠密度；［物][化］密度marble n.弹子；大理石a.大理石的，大理石般的thrilling a.令人激动的；颤动的，震颤的Star of Bethlehem 圣诞星glitter vi.闪闪发光，闪烁n.闪光plateau n.(［复］plateaus或plateaux)高原as a rule 通常；一般说来whilst conj.(=while)当…时；然而；虽然，尽管criterion n.标准，准则prosecute vt.对…起诉，告发euthanasia n.无痛楚的死亡；安乐死deteriorate vt./vi.(使)恶化lethal a.致死的opt vi.抉择，选择(for)，在…之间选择hospice n.(晚期病人)收容所prohibition n.禁止；禁令vulnerable a.易受伤的，弱小的；易受…攻击的paternalistic a.家长式统治的；家长作风的to debate on 关于…进行辩论conspiracy n.阴谋，密谋；阴谋集团，阴谋帮派to opt out (of) 决定不参加…，决定(从…)退出merit n.优点，长处；功绩，功劳escalator n.自动扶梯to have...at heart 对某事十分关心elitist n.杰出人物a.杰出人物(统治论)的ivy n.常青藤remedial a.治疗的，治疗上用的；补救的to amount to 达到，总计；相当于，等于replicate vt.重复；复制disaffection n.不满inhumane a.不人道的，残忍的distinct a.与其他不同的，独特的；明显的musically ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地to call up 打电话；使想起，使忆起to watch over 看守，照管，监视in unison 完全一致地ditch n.沟，沟渠vt./vi.开渠；筑渠circus n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场interstate a.［主美］州际的unison n.一致；协调shackle n.［常pl.］镣铐；［pl.］束缚，枷锁spokesman n.发言人；代言人plantation n.种植园，大农场；植树造林correspondent n.对应物；新闻通讯员，记者，通信者gang n.一队，一族；一群，一帮re-introduction n.重新采用，重新引入degrade vt.降级，贬低；堕落；退化concession n.让步；特许权；租界，租界地to convict...of 证明…有罪，宣判…有罪breadwinner n.养家糊口的人to bring over 把…带来；使转变immigrant a.移民的，侨民的n.移民，侨民execute vt.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；将…处死Saudi n.沙特阿拉伯人 a.沙特阿拉伯(人或语)的leaflet n.小叶，嫩叶；传单，活页status n.情形，状况；地位，身份passport n.护照domestic adj.家庭的，家务的；国内的n.家仆，佣人abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱diplomat a.外交家；外交官exploit vt.开发，开采；利用；剥削eclecticis m n.折衷主义imitator n.模仿者amplifier n.放大器youthful a.反战的sentiment n.感情，情绪；感伤synthesis n.结合，合成ballroom n.舞厅spontaneous a.自发的，本能的，自动的；出自自然的penetrating a.穿透的，贯穿的；深刻的，透彻的to take on 具有；担任(工作等)；雇佣thematic a.题目的，主题的；主旋律的preliminary a.预备的；初步的n.初试；预赛improvise vt.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成conventional a.惯例的，常规的；(艺术等)因袭的at a stretch 连续不断地diversified a.多样化的sonority n.响亮，洪亮to serve as 适合temper vt.［治］使回火，锻炼；调合clavichord n.(音)击弦古钢琴in a sense 在某种意义上well(-)tempered 脾气好的；(键盘乐器)调到平均律的It goes without saying that 不言而喻，理所当然spray n.水花；喷雾vt.喷；喷涂vi.喷；溅散prevalent a.流行的，普通的weld vt./n.焊接personnel n.全体人员，全体职员；人事(部门)Well Tempered Clavichord (巴赫)《平均律钢琴曲集》radioactive a.［原］放射性的；放射引起的grayscale 灰度defective a.有缺点的；有缺陷的speculate vi.思索；推测vt.投机；思索，推测radon n.氡subside vi.沉淀；沉降；平静下来，平息，减退seismic a.地震datum n.(［复］data)资料，材料；数据earning n.警告；警报 a.警告的decay vi./vt.(使)腐朽，腐烂；衰变n.腐烂；衰败underlie vt.支撑；构成(理论，政策，行为等)的基础renewal n.更新；重新开始impart vt.把…分给；给予(to)loom vi.隐隐呈现；逼近relevant a.贴切的，中肯的；与…有关的(to) desirable a.称心的，合意的，理想的elusive a.躲避的；难以捉摸的，难以理解的attainment n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣slip vi.滑动，滑过；溜，溜走vt.使滑动underestimate vt.低估；看轻to take to 开始从事；养成…的习惯；培养对…的爱好quicksand n.流沙to hang up 把…挂起来；挂断(电话)；延迟，拖延lag vi.走得慢，落后n.落后，滞后to look ahead to 向前看；展望未来routine n.日常工作 a.日常的；例行的；常规的deem vt.认为，相信flight n.逃跑，溃退to allocate...for 分配给…；配给to fall by the wayside 半途而废，中途退出to work out 作出；制定出to kid...into doing 欺骗…去做…temptation n.引诱，诱惑to throw off 扔掉；摆脱discrepancy n.差异；不一致periodicity n.周期性，间发性excretion n.排泄；分泌cortisol n.［生］皮质(甾)醇suprachiasmatic a.超(染色体)交叉的negotiation n.谈判，协商proceeding n.程序，进程；项目，活动，会议文集resistance to 对…的阻力infant n.婴儿，幼儿a.婴儿的，幼儿的esteem vt./n.尊敬，尊重parenting n.父母对孩子的养育revision n.修订，修改to the fore 在前面，到前面；在显著地位slippery a.滑的；圆滑的demographer n.人口学家acknowledge vt.承认；表示感谢paradox n.似非而可能是的论点；自相矛盾的话proportion n.比率，比例vt.使成比例，使相称salient a.突出的，凸起的；显著的liability n.责任，义务；债务，负债；不利条件be true of 符合于…，对…适用demography n.人口统计学pharmacological a.药物学的，药理学的as fresh as paint 精神饱满now that (连词)既然，由于to leave...alone 不管，不理；听其自然assumption n.假定，设想；承担，采取to advantage 有利地，有效地fluctuation n.波动，起伏promote vt.促进，发扬；提升，升级；发起，创办mid-afternoon a.下午三点左右的span n.指距，跨距；一段时间neutral a.中立的；中性的synchronize vi.同时发生，同步vt.使同步fluctuate vi.波动，起伏；动摇vt.使波动，使起伏out of step 步伐不一致；不协调contrary a.相反的，相对的，与…相反(to) illusion n.错觉；幻觉distraction n.精神涣散，精神不集中；消遣，娱乐duration n.持续；持续时间hinder vt.阻止；妨碍(from)exceptional a.例外的；异常的，特殊的adversely ad.相反地；不利地，有害地monopoly n.垄断；专卖to break up 打碎；结束；驱散；散开；分解foolproof a.连傻子都懂的；不会出毛病的in the running 参赛，参加竞选monopolize v.垄断；专卖moderation n.温和，适度；缓和，减轻to carry on 经营，进行；继续anaesthetics n.麻醉学in favour of 赞成，支持；为…的利益，有利于legislation n.立法；法律，法规rivalry n.竞争；对抗inevitably ad.不可避免地，必然地collectively ad.总体地；集体地nominate vt.提名；任命；命名parliamentary a.议会的，国会的electorate n.全体选民；选区contest n.竞争，比赛；争夺，竞争；争论，争辩poll n.选举；民意测验vt.得到选票vi.投票provision n.供应，供应品；条款，规定；给养constitutional a.宪法上规定的；组成的，构成的presidency n.总统(或校长)职务(职权，任期)；管辖House n.［英］议院democrat n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员to stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望tangible a.可触摸的，可感知的；确实的，真实的to act out 将…表演出来；(用行动)表示出来nomination n.提名；任命nominee n.被提名者；被任命者ultimately ad.最后，最终地dose n.(一次)剂量thalidomide n.［药］萨立多胺vaccine n.牛痘苗；疫苗 a.牛痘的；疫苗的irrelevant a.不相干的，离题的，与…不相干refinement n.精炼，精制unethical a.不合伦理的；不合道德的simulate vt.假装，冒充；模仿，模拟ethics n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准polio n.［医］脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症diabetes n.糖尿病be central to 对…极为重要的to sacrifice to 向…献祭；为…而牺牲；为…而失去be irrelevant to 与…不相干；不切题refine vt./vi.提纯，精制；使改进，变优雅paralyse vt.使麻痹，使瘫痪；使无力，使气馁litter n.干草；杂乱无章；一窝(仔畜) vt.铺草prevail vi.胜过；流行，盛行individualistic a.个人主义(者)的contemplate vt.注视，凝视；沉思afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨imperative a.绝对必要的；命令的，强制的；祈使的to take...for granted 认为真实；视为当然deficiency n.缺乏，不足contented a.满足的，满意的goings and comings 来往；活动，发生的事kwashiorkor n.［医］恶性营养不良症serene a.安详的；宁静的to break in on (upon) 打扰；打断，闯进spur vt.激励，鞭策n.踢马刺；刺激，激励，鼓舞confront vt.面对，遭遇；正视，对抗at ease 自在的，舒适的maladjustment n.失调；不适应环境waylay vt.伏击；拦住…问讯intellectual n.知识分子 a.智力的，理智的compensatory a.赔偿的，补偿的not (never) for a moment 通常；多半to feel bitter at 对…怀恨muse vt./vi./n.沉思，冥想equilibrium n.平衡，均衡，相称；均势；平静symptom n.症状，征兆to substitute...for 用…代替…to put off 延期；消除well-being n.健康；福利，幸福dreamlike a.梦一般的，梦幻的investment n.投资；(时间，精力的)投入modest a.谦虚的，谦恭的；适中的，不过分的midst n.中间，当中prep.(=amidst)在…当中impoverished a.贫困的，赤贫的drift n.漂流；趋势，倾向vi./vt.(使)漂流；漂泊to dream of 梦见；梦想to draw on 用做来源，依靠；临近perchance ad.［古］偶然，意外地；可能，或许at sea 在海上，在航海中；迷惑，茫然in one's mind's eye 在脑海里be confronted with 面临，面对to add up to 总和是；［口］总起来意味着to impress...on 使…铭记，牢记be beneficial to 对…有益to go over 越过，渡过；仔细检查acronym n.首字母缩略词veteran n.老兵，老手；退伍军人 a.经验丰富的definitive a.决定的，确定的；限定的，明确的psychology n.心理学；心理evolve vt.使发展，推论vi.进展；进化respectively ad.各自地，分别地correlation n.相互关系，关联elude vt.(巧妙地)逃避，躲避administration n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关physiology n.生理学identity n.同一，一致；身份，本体merry a.欢乐的，愉快的far-fetched a.牵强的；未必会的，靠不住的compel vt.强迫(to)compulsion n.强制，强迫formerly ad.以前，从前cobbler n.补鞋匠to break into 分成(部分)antithesis n.对偶，(修辞学)对句；对立，对立面coronary a.冠的；冠状的n.冠状动脉infinitely ad.无限地，无穷地in the strict sense 在严格的意义上ritualize vt./vi.(行为模式)仪式化warfare n.战争，作战，交战；斗争，竞争to get/sink one's teeth into 死死咬住；认真对待，全神贯注于aptly ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地to go in for 参加，从事；以…为兴趣，爱好grouse n.松鸡aristocracy n.贵族统治；贵族phrase n.短语，词语；习惯用语aristocratic a.贵族的；贵族式的duel n./vi.决斗；(双方的)斗争curtail vt.截短，缩短；削减cargo n.船货，货物clipboard n.带弹簧夹子的书写板subtle a.精巧的，精妙的；微妙的，难以捉摸的studied a.深思熟虑的；故意的，蓄意的longshoreman n.码头装卸工人cadre n.干部；基础结构subtly ad.精巧地，精妙地；微妙地，难以捉摸地outrage n.暴行；愤慨vt.对…施暴；激怒vengeance n.报仇，报复slack a.懒散的；行动迟缓的vi.松懈n.淡季discredit vt.使不可置信n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑stopwatch n.(赛跑用的)跑表vt.用秒表测定时间assembly n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装encounter vt./vi.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇，冲突；偶然相见on and off 不时；断断续续地，间歇地to cut down on 赶上；振作；遵守；继续，保持to sit down on 反对to keep up 假如；只要with a vengeance 猛烈地；过度地to apply oneself 减少对…之消耗量to have an edge 应付过去to do one's best 尽全力；尽量to take...easy 轻松一点；勿太紧张to play into sb.'s hands 为某人谋方便；有利于某人in large measure 很；大半；大部分so long as 具有优势to put an end to 结束或废除某事务to do without 没有…也行；将就，设法year in and year out 一年一年地，年复一年with a view towards (/to) 以…为目的microcassette n.微型卡式录音带hysterical a.癔病的，歇斯底里的；患癔病的prosecutor n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人belonging n.［常pl.］所有物；行李persistently ad.坚持地；固执地beloved a.为…所爱的；亲爱的n.心爱的人，爱人jaw n.颔，颚compassion n.同情；怜悯(for)excerpt n.摘录，节录vt.摘，引用miniature n.缩样，小型物 a.微型的，小型的profound a.深刻的，浑奥的materialis m n.［哲］唯物主义，唯物论；物质至上smother vt./vi.使窒息；抑制；闷死n.浓烟；窒息to/of no avail 完全无用，毫无效果resonance n.回声，反响；共振，共鸣foster vt.鼓励，促进；养育 a.收养的suspect vt./vi.疑有；推测n.嫌疑犯，可疑分子heartbreaking a.使人心碎的juvenile a.青少年的n.青少年p.a. system (=public address) system有线广播系统solicit vt.请求；恳求incapable a.无能力的；不能的(of)repressive a.镇压的；抑制的blindness n.无视，视而不见；盲目性restriction n.限制；约束subversive a.颠覆性的；起破坏作用的pledge v.发誓；保证n.誓言，誓约；抵押品apartheid n.种族隔离，种族隔离法divisive a.造成不和的，制造分裂的queue n.辫子；列队vi.排队(for)to commit suicide 自杀legislate vi.立法vt.通过立法to deny sth.to sb. 否认…的…be incapable of 不会…，不能…extent n.广度，范围；程度indication n.指示，表示；象征，迹象pervasive a.弥漫的，渗透的；遍布的cease vt./vi./n.停止，结束La Traviata 茶花女(威尔第的歌剧名)be subversive of 破坏…的sterility n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠；消毒，无菌inflict vt.使遭受(损伤，苦痛等)，使承受(on,upon) computerize vt.电子计算机化，用电子计算机计算foolishness n.愚蠢；可笑marvel(l)ous a.奇异的，惊人的；［口］了不起的，妙极的unexamined a.未检查的；未审查的theoretical a.理论上的vital a.生命的；有生命力的；极其重要的solely ad.单独地；唯一地profusion n.丰富，大量；过分digression n.离题；偏离obscure a.昏暗的；模糊的vt.使暗，遮掩；使难理解content a.满足的，满意的vt.使满意n.满足，满意leap v./n.(leapt或leaped)跳跃；飞跃raw a.未煮过的，生的；未加工的undue a.过度的，过分的extension n.伸张，伸展，扩大；电话分机junction n.连接，结合；结合点，交叉点dynamo n.［电］发电机；精力，精力充沛的人to reflect on 仔细考虑，反思safeguard vt.保护，捍卫n.保护措施loose a.松的，宽的；宽松；放荡的concrete a.具体的；混凝土的n.混凝土vt.使凝固prolong vt.延长；拉长nourishment n.滋补品，营养品to come to terms (with) 达成协议；妥协，习惯于sterile a.不育的，贫瘠的；无菌的，消过毒的technologist n.工艺学家；技术学家uniqueness n.独一无二；独特possess vt.具有，拥有jounalis m n.新闻业；［总称］报刊；新闻学secondary a.第二位的，次要的；中等的enrol(l)ment n.登记，接收，招生；招收人数，入学人数expansion n.扩张；膨胀to turn loose 放开，释放；听凭，放纵to speculate on 思索；推测，猜测upheaval n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，动乱infrastructure n.基础；基础结构establishment n.建立，创办；机构diploma n.执照，特许证；毕业文凭，学位证书respect for 对…的尊敬Aristotle 亚里士多德sociology n.社会学kindergarten n.幼儿园promotion n.促进；提升to enable...to 使…能够…accountability n.有解释义务；负有责任postgraduate a.大学毕业后的，大学研究院的n.研究生to make over (财产)转让，移交；改造，重做prescribe vt.指示，规定；开处方，开药permissive a.容许的，许可的；随意的，开放的integrate vt./vi.使结合，使并入；使成一体perspective n.透视，透视画法；远景，展望；观点，看法to go to law against ［俗］控告某人to shy away from 躲开，回避；赞成infiltrate vt./vi.渗入，透过；浸润humanistic a.人文主义的，人本主义的，人道主义的tier n.排层；等级to disagree about 对…意见不一economics n.［用作单或复］经济学；经济情况，经济rote n.死记硬背；机械的方法progressive a.进步的，先进的；渐次的，累进的to go along with 和…一起unconventional a.非常规的，不落俗套的to learn by rote 由熟记而学某事。

2012级新标准综合英语第一册教学大纲教学大纲课程名称：大学英语课程代码：适用专业：二级学院：外语学院教研室：修订时间： 2012年8月二○一二年八月教学大纲审核表《大学英语》课程教学大纲一、教学目的与基本要求（一）教学目的：《大学英语》课程是我院非外语类专业的一门公共必修课，注重学生英语综合应用能力的培养和提高,着眼于以此为基础为高职学生进行自主职业英语学习打下基础。

目的是经过三个学期共288学时的教学，使信息工程学院各专业学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和技能，具备一定的听、说、读、写、译的能力，着力强化听、说能力；同时掌握有效的学习方法，增强自主学习能力，为他们将来的计算机英语学习打下良好的基础。

（二）基本要求：本课程在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，重视培养学生实际使用英语进行交际的能力和正确处理英语与计算机相关业务的能力。

同时，鉴于计算机专业学生普遍英语基础水平不高的状况，则制定通过本课程三个学期的学习，学生应该达到B 级要求，在此基础之上水平较高的学生努力达到A级要求：1.词汇A级：认知3400个英语单词（包括入学时要求掌握的1600个词）以及由这些词构成的常用词组，对其中2000个左右的单词能正确拼写，英汉互译。

学生还应结合专业英语学习，认知400个专业英语词汇。

B级：认知2500个英语单词（包括入学时要求掌握的1000个词）以及由这些词构成的常用词组，对其中1500左右的单词能正确拼写，英汉互译。

2.语法掌握基本的英语语法规则，在听、说、读、写、译中能正确运用所学语法知识。

3.听力A级：能听懂日常和涉外业务活动中使用的结构简单、发音清楚、语速较慢（每分钟120词左右）的英语对话和不太复杂的陈述，理解基本正确。

B级：能听懂涉及日常交际的结构简单、发音清楚、语速较慢（每分钟110词左右）的英语简短对话和陈述，理解基本正确。

4.口语A级：能用英语进行一般的课堂交际，并能在日常和涉外业务活动中进行简单的交流。

英语一一、考试性质全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)是为高等院校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

即英语(一)是针对学术硕士研究生的考生，英语(二)是针对专业硕士研究生的考生。

专业硕士研究生主要包括以下19种：法律硕士，社会工作硕士，教育硕士，体育硕士，汉语国际教育硕士，翻译硕士，艺术硕士，风景园林硕士，工程硕士，建筑学硕士，农业推广硕士，兽医硕士，临床医学硕士，口腔医学硕士，公共卫生硕士，会计硕士，工商管理硕士，公共管理硕士，军事硕士。

考研英语试卷一分为二既是为了顺应考研英语测试向更加科学化、多样化、公平化等方面发展的需要，也是对硕士研究生人才选拔方式的一次大胆尝试。

从学习和考试的角度来讲，这种一分为二提供的更多的是机遇，而不是挑战，因为总的来说考研英语没有增加新的东西，只是进行了合理的拆分，只要明确了自己的努力方向，这种拆分无论对于英语(一)的考生还是对于英语(二)的考生都是有所帮助的。

二、评价目标1. 语法：英语二明确了八个语法知识点英语(一)大纲要求考生能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，而英语(二)专门列出了考生需要掌握的八个语法知识点，明确了考查方向和备考范围。

这就意味着英语(二)语法考查范围相对较小，更注重考查考生的基础知识，难度会比英语一大大降低。

建议考生把这八个语法知识点认真吃透，并加以灵活运用。

2.词汇：英语二词汇的复习重点有别于英语一词汇英语(一)大纲要求“考生能掌握5500左右的词汇及相关词组”。

而英语(二)大纲要求“考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右的常用词汇以及相关常用词组”。

可见，英语(二)不会像英语一那样偏重对词汇词义和用法的深度挖掘，而是主要偏重考查“常用”的词汇和词组，其考查的难度大家就心里有底了。