必修三前三章综合测试题

必修3第一至三章练习2一、单选题A.增大B.减小C.不变D.趋于酸性2.下列物质中，不属于人体内环境组成成分的是 ( )A.钙离子B.呼吸酶C.葡萄糖D.血浆蛋白3.下图表示内环境成分间的关系，正确的是 ( )4.大气中的氧气要与人的血红蛋白结合，需要穿过几层磷脂分子 ( )A.3B. 5 C．6 D．105.人剧烈运动后，释放大量乳酸，但pH变化不大，主要原因是( )A.乳酸在血浆中很快被分解生成CO2和H2O，并排出CO2B.NaHCO3与乳酸反应，调节pHC.H2C03抑制乳酸的酸性，并通过呼吸系统排出C02D.乳酸酸性弱，不易引起酸中毒6.高等动物体内细胞从外界获得营养物质的途径是 ( )A.外界食物→循环系统→消化系统→内环境→细胞B.外界食物→消化系统→循环系统→内环境→细胞C.外界食物→内环境→消化系统→循环系统→细胞D.外界食物→循环系统→内环境→消化系统→细胞7.动物生命活动的调节中，起主要作用的是 ( )A.激素调节B.体液调节C.神经调节D．化学物质调节8.静息时和产生兴奋后，神经纤维细胞膜内外电位分别是 ( )A.内正外负、内负外正B.内负外正、内正外负C.内负外正、内负外正D.内正外负、内正外负9.下图是在一条离体神经纤维的中段施加电刺激，使其兴奋。

图表示刺激时的膜内外电位变化和所产生的神经冲动传导方向（横向箭头表示传导方向）。

其中正确的是 ( )10.神经元之间的突触由下列哪些组成 ( )A.突触小泡、突触小体、突触间隙B.突触小泡、突触前膜、突触后膜C.突触前膜、突触间隙、突触后膜D.突触前膜、递质、突触后膜11.下列各组分泌腺产生的分泌物，均直接排放到内环境的是 ( )A.唾液腺、垂体、肠腺B.肾上腺、甲状腺、胰岛C.睾丸、汗腺、皮脂腺D.卵巢、胃腺、肝脏12.手术切除成年大白鼠的整个甲状腺，一段时间后，该大白鼠表现为 ( )A.分解代谢增强B.生长发育加快C.自由活动减少D.食欲增强13.当盲人用手指“阅读”盲文时，参与此过程的高级中枢是 ( )A.语言中枢B.身体感觉中枢C.躯体运动中枢D.A项、B项和C项14.摘除大白鼠的胰腺，将胰腺的一部分再植入大白鼠的皮下，该动物未出现糖尿病的症状；一段时间后，将皮下的移植物(胰腺组织)除去，该大白鼠立即出现血糖浓度升高并出现了糖尿病症状；随后注射一定量的胰岛素，该大白鼠血糖水平恢复正常，且糖尿病症状消失。

必修三（1—3章）动植物生命活动调节训练题一、动物生命活动调节1.下图为人体血糖平衡调节示意图，下列分析错误的是()A.血糖平衡的调节过程中既有神经调节也有体液调节B.正常人一次性吃糖过多，也可出现尿糖现象C.结构①通过传出神经释放的神经递质影响甲的分泌活动D.图中a与c表现为拮抗作用2．如图表示动物体温调节过程的部分示意图，图中①、②、③代表激素，当某人走出房间进入寒冷环境时，下列有关叙述错误的是()A.血液中激素①、②、③的含量会增加B.骨骼肌受有关神经支配，不自主战栗C.激素①、②对垂体的作用效应都为促进D.该图表示体温调节的方式为神经—体液调节3．下图是正常人体处在温度变化的环境中，机体散热量变化曲线图。

据图分析，下列说法中不正确的是()A.t3～t4时段，产热量等于散热量B.t1～t2时段，散热量增加是由于人体体温与环境温度的温差增大造成的C.t2～t3时段，散热量减少，这是体温调节的结果D.t3～t4时段的散热量大于O～t1时段，t3～t4时段的体温低于O～t1时段4．将甲、乙两个微电流计的两极按下图所示接在功能完好的神经元(纤维)上，在a、b、c、d 四个实验位点给予适宜强度的电刺激，下列有关指针偏转情况的分析不正确的是()A.刺激a点，甲的指针一定偏转2次B.刺激b点，甲的指针一定偏转1次C.刺激c点，乙的指针一定偏转2次D.刺激d点，乙的指针一定偏转2次5．如图为甲状腺激素分泌的分级调节示意图，其中a、b和c表示三种不同的激素，下列叙述错误的是()A．a、b和c三种激素的名称依次是促甲状腺激素、促甲状腺激素释放激素、甲状腺激素B．当机体受到某种刺激时，血液中c的含量增加，机体的产热量会增加C．怀孕母亲缺碘时，c的分泌量会下降D．c的分泌量过多，通过反馈调节会使a和b的分泌量减少6．垂体主要由前叶和后叶两部分组成，其中垂体后叶没有激素合成能力，它所释放的激素由下丘脑产生。

下图表示人体下丘脑参与调节的部分示意图，图中①②③表示结构，a～f表示激素分子。

高二生物必修3综合卷三一、选择题1.人体维持内环境的相对稳定，对细胞的正常生命活动非常重要。

下列说法正确的是( )A.稳态是机体在神经系统的调节下，通过各个器官、系统的协调活动来共同维持的B.在人体与生态系统中，稳态的维持都以反馈调节为基础，包括正反馈和负反馈C.内环境中发生的丙酮酸氧化分解能为细胞提供能量，有利于生命活动的进行D.人体饥饿时，血液流经肝脏后，血糖的含量升高；血液流经胰岛后，血糖的含量减少2.人体皮肤瘙痒的感觉与一种神经递质—5-羟色胺有关。

下列有关叙述正确的是( )A.痒觉和痛觉的形成都属于人体的条件反射B.若细胞外Na+浓度降低，动作电位的峰值将减小或不出现动作电位C.神经递质作用于突触后膜，突触后神经元必然产生动作电位D.神经递质、激素、抗体等细胞间信息分子发挥完作用后会被灭活3.下列关于人体内环境及稳态的描述中，错误的是( )A.内环境稳态仅指内环境理化性质的相对稳定B.手脚磨出的“水泡”中主要是组织液C.血浆中的水主要来自消化道、组织液和淋巴D.激素可以从组织液中进入血浆4.2018年2月在韩国平昌举行的冬奥会上，运动员进行剧烈运动时，仍然能够保持内环境的稳态，下列有关叙述个正确的是( )A. 维持体温的稳定是通过神经一体液调节实现的B．兴奋传导时，突触前膜释放的神经递质通过胞吐进入下一个神经元发挥作用C. 剧烈运动时，由于消耗大量能量，血糖含量下降，导致胰岛素分泌量减少D. 肌细胞无氧呼吸产生的乳酸，由血液中的缓冲物质中和以维持pH相对稳定5.下图中a、b、C三个神经元构成了1、2两个突触，甲、乙、丙3条曲线为不同刺激引起神经元c上的电位变化。

下列叙述正确的是( )注:↓表示刺激A.甲表明刺激a时兴奋以电信号形式迅速传递给cB.乙表明兴奋在突触间的传递是单向的C.乙也可表示只刺激b时，a神经元的电位变化D．丙表明b神经元能释放抑制性神经递质6.下列有关神经系统的结构和功能的叙述，正确的是( )A.兴奋在反射弧中以神经冲动的方式双向传导B.兴奋在突触后膜会发生电信号→化学信号的转化C.神经纤维外膜接受刺激，引起Na+内流，膜外形成负电位D.兴奋在神经纤维上传导时，膜外局部电流的方向与兴奋的传导方向相同7.体温恒定对于人体正常的生命活动至关重要。

必修③《稳态与环境》综合测练题Ⅰ一、单项选择题（每题4分，共24分）1. 右图是人体局部内环境示意图。

以下叙述正确的是（）A．某人长期营养不良，则会引起C液和B液的减少B．a结构和b结构的细胞所处的具体内环境相同C．c的有氧呼吸产物可参加体液调节D．C液中葡萄糖可氧化分解成丙酮酸2、右图是人体部分组织示意图，a、b、c、d代表人体内不同激素，下列有关叙述中，错误是 ( )A.当人体受到寒冷刺激时，激素d与激素b起协同作用B.如果人体内激素d分泌过多时，促甲状腺激素释放激素和促甲状腺激素都会减少C.当正常人中午还未进餐时，图示中的激素b会增多D.当人体受到某刺激时，兴奋可以由图中的B传到A3．抗原和抗体不仅在生物体内发生反应，在体外也能进行反应，研究这种反应的方法之一是用琼脂双重扩散法，如图所示，在琼脂片上开孔，在其中加入抗原和抗体，使其在琼脂中扩散，扩散了的抗原和抗体在一定的位置发生反应。

在琼脂中出现可以用肉眼观察到的线，把这种线叫沉降线。

X和Y表示两种抗原，x和y为相应的抗体，图中正确表示沉降线的是 ( )4．为探究生长素对某植物花粉管伸长的影响，某校生物兴趣小组进行了课外实验，得到下表结果，由表中数据得到的结论中错误的是 ( )A ．外加生长素浓度为3.0（mg/L ）时，是促进花粉管萌发的最适浓度B ．外加生长素浓度高于6.0（mg/L ）时，对花粉管的萌发起抑制作用C ．生长素对花粉管的伸长作用具有两重性D ．外加生长素浓度为0（mg/L ）时，花粉管中不含有生长素5.下面为四种生物种间的关系示意图，能正确表示地衣中的藻类和真菌；大小两种草履虫；狐与兔；细菌与噬菌体四种种间关系的依次是（ ）A ．③②①④B ．②③①④C ．③④①②D ．③②④①6．下图为生态系统碳循环示意图，其中甲、乙、丙表示生态系统中的三种成分。

据图分析不正确的是( )A ．X 与甲中图示生物类型的能量来源不同，X 代表的生物是化能自养型细菌（如硝化细菌等）B ．Y 的细胞结构与丙中图示生物不同，Y 代表的生物为营腐生生活的动物C ．甲是生产者，乙是消费者，丙是分解者D ．进入该生态系统的总能量是甲中生产者所固定的太阳能的总量外加生长素浓度（mg/L ） 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 花粉管平均长度（mm ）0.53.65.56.45.23.10.4 0.2二、双项选择题（每题6分，共12分）7.下列各项关于正常人体内发生的生理活动的叙述中错误的是 ( ) A．抗体或者淋巴因子与抗原特异性结合后通常被吞噬细胞吞噬、分解B．动物激素一经靶细胞接受并起作用后就被灭活C．神经递质作用于突触后膜上的受体后迅速被分解D．唾液淀粉酶随食物进入胃腔后继续发挥催化作用8.下图表示3个共存物种的资源利用曲线，图a和图b中3个物种的资源利用状况不同，下面是对图a中3个物种与图b中3个物种相比较的几种说法，正确的是（）A．图a中3个物种的种内斗争激烈，图b中3个物种的种间竞争激烈B．图a中3个物种的种间竞争激烈，图b中3个物种的种内斗争激烈C．如果资源有限，图a中物种2有被排除的危险，图b中物种2有被排除的危险D．两图中的物种间的种间斗争激烈程度相等三、非选择题（本题共4小题，共64分）9．（14分）右图为人体某细胞示意图，膜外颗粒为抗体，据图回答：（1）该细胞为___________细胞，它是由___________分化而来的，能够分化为这种细胞的原因是______________________。

人教版高中语文必修三单元测试题及答案全套单元综合测评(一) 第一单元(时间：100分钟，分值：120分)一、基础巩固(12分，每小题3分)1．下列各句中加点成语的使用，不恰当的两项是()A．网络文学走过十年之路，似乎大有成为准主流文学之势，但相对于纯文学而言，它只不过是冰山一角．．．．。

B．德国诗人歌德作《浮士德》延续六十年之久，曹雪芹写《红楼梦》“批阅十载，增删五次”，一切优秀的作品，都不是侥幸偶得之物，而是不辞艰辛惨淡经营．．．．的成果。

C．相信只要有踌躇满志．．．．的精神、求真务实的态度和一抓到底的作风，我们就一定能够战胜当前困难，迎来新的历史机遇，取得科学发展、加速崛起的新胜利。

D．经过长达两个星期的鏖战，本届世界锦标赛最终尘埃落定．．．．，中国队在赛程极其不利的情况下，克服重重困难，获得冠军。

E．这位代表说的虽不是什么崇论宏议．．．．，但他说的话发自肺腑，句句实在，没有套话和假话，因此我们要更加重视。

【解析】A项，冰山一角：原比喻不能长久依赖的靠山，现在多用作事物暴露出来的部分。

不合语境。

B项，惨淡经营：形容极端艰苦地从事诗文创作，也形容苦心规划和开拓某项事业。

C项，踌躇满志：对自己的现状或者取得的成就非常得意。

不能形容精神，使用对象错误，根据语意应用“志在必得”。

D项，尘埃落定：比喻事情经过许多变化，终于有了结果；或经过一阵混乱后将结果确定下来。

运用正确。

E项，崇论宏议：指高明宏大的议论或见解。

运用正确。

【答案】AC2．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是()A．劳动者的时间都去哪儿了？据调查结果显示，中国九成行业周工时超过40小时，隐藏其后的事实就是众多劳动者休息权利无情剥夺。

B．截至目前，中国高速铁路运营里程已突破1.7万公里，动车组列车运营数量达1 800组，每年发送旅客9.1亿人次，均位居世界第一位。

C．我们曾经推崇鲁迅怀疑、批判和抗争的精神，然而在当下，不但这种精神没有被很好地继承，而且被很多人遗忘甚至铲除。

必修三unit1-unit3质量检测题I.完形填空（共20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分）Once a farmer employed two servants who worked on the farm. One day, the farmer commanded them to 21 seeds（种子）while he was away.The first servant worked 22 in the fields every day. Though he felt so tired sometimes, he never gave up. He just took a 23 and thought of his master coming back. There were also times 24 he got hurt by stones, insects and other objects, but he still continued obeying（服从）his master’s 25 . He knew that someday all his hard work would get good results. But the other servant wanted to 26 the pleasure of the world. He thought his master would 27 know what he was doing. Thus he put aside his master’s command and 28 his own will.Many years 29 by, but the master still did not come back. The faithful servant kept his master’s 30 in mind and kept on planting seeds in the fields, while the other servant 31 around the world, enjoying himself.One day their master 32 appeared. When seeing one servant 33 the crops in the fields, he was very pleased. But when he couldn’t find the other, he felt very 34 .The master called the two servants together, 35 why he had gone for such a long time. He said he had a 36 house built as payment for their service and whoever had been 37 to him would stay with him and live in the new home. So he asked them to report to him how good their harvest was. The first servant happily announced that he had a good harvest every year 38 the other servant bowed down and asked for forgiveness because he had 39 for his master.The master finally rewarded the first servant 40 a new house. The other servant got nothing and was fired.21. A. buy B. plant C. find D. pay22. A. hard B. difficultly C. easily D. wonderfully23. A. drink B. look C. walk D. rest24. A. which B. that C. when D. what25. A. request B. advice C. command D. permission26. A. join B. enjoy C. search D. share27. A. never B. seldom C. always D. often28. A. left B. considered C. felt D. followed29. A. ran B. walked C. stood D. passed30. A. words B. opinion C. thought D. idea31. A. wandered B. showed C. turned D. looked32. A. secretly B. suddenly C. immediately D. slowly33. A. working B. selling C. harvesting D. seeking34. A. confused B. amazed C. impressed D. disappointed35. A. chatting B. explaining C. demanding D. stating36. A. beautiful B. expensive C. simple D. strong37. A. friendly B. smart C. faithful D. generous38. A. since B. while C. because D. however39. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing40. A. to B. by C. with D. forII.阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）AA car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong to take care of what you eat.There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy（能量）during the day.It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy tofinish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you cannot think quickly.Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.41. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?A. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.B. Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.C. Corn, fish, cream and pork.D. Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.42. Which of the following is a good eating-habit?A. Going to school without any breakfast.B. Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.C. Finishing your lunch in a very short time.D. Having at least one food from all four groups each meal.43. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that .A. every person needs food to grow wellB. taking exercise can keep your body strongC. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthyD. enough energy helps people think more quickly44. The underlined word "dairy" in the second passage means .A. the food made out of cows such as milk and butterB. the shop that sells milk and butterC. a farm where cows are keptD. a place where milk products are made45. The best title for this passage is .A. The Four Food GroupsB. A Healthy DietC. Your Body and FoodD. The Key to Your HealthBThanksgiving DayThanksgiving Day is always celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It is the most traditional(传统的)of American holidays. The first Thanksgiving was held in Massachusetts in 1621. After a year of hard work, the Pilgrim colonists wanted to give thanks to God for their first harvest. They invited their Indian friends to join them in a big feast. Today the holiday is still celebrated as a day for giving thanks. It is a day of family get-together and it is common to invite friends to share the meal. In some large cities, there are carnival parades (花车游行) for children. In other cities, there are important football games that are played on Thanksgiving Day.In my family, we always go to my grandmother’s house on Thanksgiving Day. All my aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, and nieces gather for a family homecoming. We always invite some friends to join us. Everyone is glad to see everyone else and there is a very busy talk about everything we know. The women soon disappear into the kitchen to help my grandmother prepare the dinner. The men, meanwhile, settle down to watch a football game on television or to discuss business or polities. If the weather is fine enough, some of the men go outside to play ball with the children. At about four o'clock we all sit down to dinner. My grandfather gives thanks for all that we have received from God and then he starts to cut the turkey. We always have the traditional dinner of stuffed turkey, cranberry sauce, apple cider, sweet potatoes, chestnuts, and pumpkin pie. After dinner, no one can move and we all sit around and talk, play word games, or tell jokes until it is time to go home. It is always difficult to leave because Thanksgiving Day is one of the few days of the year when all the families get together.46. Thanksgiving Day was at first held .A. to give thanks to each other for their harvestB. for family members to get togetherC. to invite one's friends to dinnerD. for people to express their thanks to God47. Thanksgiving Day .A. became traditional in America in the 16th centuryB. has long been popular in the WestC. has long been a holiday for the AmericansD. is a holiday only in a few states in the United States48. The Pilgrim colonists were .A. the early people who got to America from EuropeB. the early American IndiansC. the early businessmen from other countriesD. the early businessmen who lived in the cities49. Today, Thanksgiving Day is .A. a day to pray to God for a good harvestB. a family holiday onlyC. a happy holiday for all the families and friendsD. a day to have a good rest and eat a lot50. We can see Thanksgiving Day is a holiday to the Americans asto Chinese.A. Spring FestivalB. Mid-autumn DayC. New Year’s DayD. National DayCMark Twain, the famous American writer and a great master of humor, liked to play jokes on others. But once a joke was played on him. One day Mark Twain was invited to give a talk in a small town. At lunch he met a young man, one of his friends.The young man said that he had an uncle with him. He told Mark Twain that his uncle neverLaughed or smiled, and that nobody and nothing was able to make his uncle smile or laugh."You bring your uncle to my talk this evening," said Mark Twain. "I'm sure I can make him laugh." That evening the young man and his uncle sat in the front. Mark Twain began to speak. He told several funny stories and made everyone in the room laugh. But the man never even smiled. Mark Twain told more funny stories, but the old man still kept quiet. Mark Twain continued to tell his funny stories. Finally he stopped. He was tired and quite disappointed.Some days later, Mark Twain told another friend what had happened. "Oh," said his friend," I know that man. He's been deaf for years. "51. The writer wrote the passage mainly to .A. tell readers Mark Twain liked playing jokesB. tell readers a joke played on Mark TwainC. tell readers Mark Twain was a great writerD. tell readers how to tell a funny story52. One day Mark Twain met at lunch.A. a friendB. his brotherC. his teacherD. a young girl53. Why did Mark Twain ask the young man to bring his uncle to his talk?A. Because he thought he could make him laugh.B. Because he wanted to get to know the old man.C. Because the old man could tell stories.D. Because he wanted to learn from the old man.54. Mark Twain stopped finally because he was .A. disappointedB. sorryC. illD. sleepy55. Mark Twain couldn't make the old man laugh because .A. his jokes were not funnyB. the old man wasn't interested in the jokesC. the old man could tell more funny jokesD. the old man was deafIII.单词拼写（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）1. Who was (授予) the Best Actress award in 2011?2. He has (获得)rich experience in these years.3. I always(钦佩)the man in blue for his devotion to the tiring job.4. It is healthier to keep a (平衡的) diet every day.5. It is (显而易见的)that he has made great progress in English.6. His knowledge of history is rather (有限的).7. Reporters were soon on the (现场)after the accident.8. Looking after children needs (耐心).9. I’ll do nothing without (商量)with you.10. They (结合)their efforts to finish the work.IV. 完成句子（共5小题，每空1分，满分15分）1. (没有什么更好了)than an ice-cream on a hot summer afternoon.2. You have been working all day. You (一定累了).3. It’s time for class now，but our teacher hasn’t (出现).4. Mr. Wang is a man who always (守信用).5. If you want to catch the first bus, you’d better(动身去)the station immediately.V. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

必修三第1—3章单元测试题及答案一、选择题（单项选择，共40小题，每题1.5分，共60分）1．利用一定浓度的生长素溶液处理没有授粉的番茄花蕾，能获得无籽的番茄，其原因是A．生长素促进了子房发育成果实B．生长素抑制了番茄种子的发育C．生长素抑制番茄的受精D．生长素使子房发育快、种子发育慢2．温室栽培的茄果类蔬菜，因花粉发育不良，影响传粉和受精，如果要保证产量可采用的补救方法A．喷洒N肥B．提高CO2浓度C．喷洒P肥D．喷洒生长素类似物3．某一外伤病人，不能说话但能听懂别人说话，不能写字但能看书看报，那么受损的A．运动言语中枢B．听觉言语中枢C．视觉言语中枢D．感觉言语中枢4．正在发育的果实被虫蛀了，结果造成果实停止生长发育，这说明被虫蛀部分是A．种子B．外果皮C．中皮果D．内果皮5．经人工处理过的一只成年狗，身体变得臃肿，行动呆笨而迟缓，精神萎靡，食欲不振，根据上述症状可以断定人工处理的方法是A．摘除了狗的生殖腺B．摘除了狗的甲状腺C．给狗注射了大量的甲状腺激素D．给狗注射了大量的生长素6．兴奋从一个神经元传到另一个神经元的方向是A．单向B．双向C．发散D．都可以7．用同位素14C标记的吲哚乙酸来处理一段枝条一端，然后探测另一端是否含有放射性14C 的吲哚乙酸存在。

枝条及标记位置如图所示，则下列有关处理方法及结果的叙述正确的是ArrayA．处理甲图中的A端，不可能在甲图中的B端探测到14C的存在B．处理乙图中的A端，能在乙图中的B端探测到14C的存在C．处理乙图中的B端，能在乙图中的A端探测到14C的存在D．处理甲图中的B端，能在甲图中的A端探测到14C的存在8．神经调节和激素调节对于动物行为的影响，下列叙述正确的是A．动物的神经调节控制着激素调节B．动物的激素调节控制着神经调节C．动物的行为是在神经系统和运动器官的共同作用下形成的D．神经调节和激素调节互相影响，共同协调，相辅相成9．一个脊髓从胸部折断的人，其下肢A．有感觉，能运动B．没有感觉，不能运动C．没有感觉，能运动D．有感觉，不能运动10．为了观察小狗甲状腺功能亢进引起的病变，可以采取下列哪些措施A．用甲状腺制剂连续喂养发育正常的小狗B．向甲状腺功能不足的小狗注射一定剂量的甲状腺激素C．用碘制剂连续喂养发育正常的小狗D．切除发育正常的小狗的甲状腺体11．下列哪些手术会明显影响动物的第二性征A．结扎输卵或输精管B．切断精巢的神经C．切断精巢或卵巢静脉D．手术摘除子宫12．引起植物体内生长素分布不均匀的因素有A．温度、湿度B．空气、地心引力C．空气、阳光D．单侧光、地心引力13．下列哪一组疾病均是由激素分泌的异常引起的A．夜盲症和软骨症B．呆小症和坏血病C．佝偻病和脚气病D．糖尿病和侏儒症14．切除某动物的垂体后，血液中A．生长激素减少，甲状腺激素也减少B．生长激素减少，甲状腺激素增加C．生长激素增加，甲状腺激素也增加D．生长激素增加，甲状腺激素减少15．人体血糖浓度约为80—120mg/dl，维持血糖浓度相对稳定的是A．垂体分泌的激素B．甲状腺激素C．胰岛素和甲状腺激素D．胰岛素和胰高血糖素16．下列农业生产措施中，与激素的作用无关的是①果树整枝修剪②无籽西瓜的培育③无籽番茄的培育④带芽的枝条扦插易生根⑤阉割猪以利育肥⑥移栽植物常去掉部分叶片A．①④B．②⑥C．③⑤D．①⑥17．下列有关神经调节的叙述中错误的是A．神经系统控制激素的分泌，另一方面激素也可以控制神经系统的调节B．反射是神经系统调节动物各部分活动的基本方式C．单细胞动物接受刺激和发生反应是不依靠神经系统来完成的D．反射弧是动物接受刺激和发生反应的神经传导途径18．在体液免疫和细胞免疫中都能出现的现象是A．产生抗体B．产生淋巴因子 C．导致靶细胞破裂D．产生记忆细胞19．人体下列平衡不受激素调控的是A．水的平衡B．盐的平衡C．CO2和O2的平衡D．血糖的平衡20．人体内水和无机盐主要来自食物和饮料，水和无机盐的排出主要是通过肾脏，其次是皮肤。

必修三第1—4单元一、选择题1、如图是人体细胞及内环境之间物质交换的示意图，①②③④分别表示人体不同部位的液体。

据图判断下列说法正确的是（）A．人体的内环境是由①、②、③组成的B．体液①中含有激素、血红蛋白、尿素、等物质CO2C．效应B细胞分泌的抗体通过②进入①④内，再经循环运输到发炎部位D．细胞无氧呼吸产生的乳酸进入①中，①中可与之发生作用使pH基本稳定的NaHCO32、下图为突触结构模式图，下列有关说法正确的是 ( )A．在a中实现电信号→化学信号的转变，该信息传递需要能量B．①中内容物以被动运输的方式释放至②中C．兴奋传递时，②处的组织液含有特异性受体D．①中内容物使b兴奋时，兴奋处表面分布着正电荷3、下图为水平衡调节机理，请据图判断A、B、C依次是（）A．抗利尿激素、渴觉中枢、肾小管B．渴觉中枢、抗利尿激素、肾小管C．抗利尿激素、肾小管、渴觉中枢D．渴觉中枢、抗利尿激素、肾小管4、遇海难而漂浮在海面的人，因缺乏淡水，此人（）A．血浆渗透压升高，抗利尿激素增加 B．血浆渗透压升高，抗利尿激素减少C．血浆渗透压降低，抗利尿激素增加 D．血浆渗透压降低，抗利尿激素减少5、用一定量的甲状腺激素连续饲喂正常成年小白鼠4周，与对照组比较，实验组小白鼠表现为（）A．耗氧量增加、神经系统的兴奋性降低B．耗氧量增加、神经系统的兴奋性增强C．耗氧量减少、神经系统的兴奋性降低D．耗氧量减少、神经系统的兴奋性增强6、右图为某患者血液中某种抗体的浓度随时间变化的曲线，下列叙述正确的是 A．病人在第28天时抗体浓度高，说明这时比第7天时病情严重B．抗原再次侵入时机体产生的抗体快而且数量多，可以快速消灭抗原，机体一般不会患病C．该抗体的合成受遗传物质控制，由于遗传物质也发生了相应的改变，所以机体对该抗原具有终生免疫能力D．浆细胞都是由B细胞受抗原激素后增殖分化而来的7、如果割除幼鼠的胸腺，则此鼠的免疫状况是（A. B.C. D.8、禽流感是禽流感病毒引起的，是对家禽和人类有很大危害的传染者，下列叙述中属于体液免疫的是（）①注射禽流感病毒疫苗，使机体产生抗体，与入侵的禽流感病毒结合，抑制病毒的活性②在人体内使禽流感病毒失去感染人体细胞的能力③效应T细胞产生淋巴因子发挥免疫作用④形成沉淀被吞噬细胞消化⑤效应T细胞使靶细胞裂解，释放禽流感病毒⑥将患病的家禽深埋处理A．①②③B．②⑤⑥C．①③④D．①②④9、用燕麦胚芽鞘做向光性实验发现植物生长素产生的部位、感受光刺激的部位、向光弯曲的部位分别是（）A．胚芽鞘尖端、尖端下面一段、向光弯一侧B．胚芽鞘、胚芽鞘的尖端、尖端下面的一段C．胚芽鞘尖端、胚芽鞘尖端、尖端下面的一段D．胚芽鞘尖端、胚牙鞘、尖端下面的一段10、将一株正在生长的植物水平放入在太空中飞行的航天飞机的暗室内，暗室朝向地心的一侧开一个小孔，小孔附近放一光源（如图），一段时间后，该植物茎的生长方向是（）A．背地（心）生长B．向水平方向生长C．向光生长D．无法确定11、下列能向光弯曲生长的是（）12、将植物横放，测量根和茎生长素浓度与其生长状况的关系如甲图所示，则曲线上P点最可能对应于乙图中的位置是（）A．a B．b C．c D．d13、有一位学者正在研究某种鸟的季节性迁徙行为，他研究的对象从生态学水平看属于（）A．生态系统 B．群落 C.个体 D．种群14、在种群的下列特征中，对种群的数量的变动起决定作用的因素是（）A．种群密度B．年龄组成C．性别比例D．出生率和死亡率15、下列能表示蛇和鼠相互关系的曲线是（）二、填空题。

第1-3单元综合检测卷Ⅰ. 单词拼写（每个0.5分，共10分）1. Her eyesight is so good that she can see the mountain in the ________ (远方).2. Lisa and I have a ________ (稍微) different attitude towards love.3. We listened to the news with a ________ (混合) of surprise and happiness.4. There is a ________ (海港) near our city, where you can find many big ships in and out.5. People found the little match girl dead in the street at ________ (黎明).6. It’s ________ (不像) him to be late; he’s usually on time.7. Not all people are aware of the various effects of ________ (全球的) warming on Earth.8. Some believe in the ________(存在) of life on Mars, while others consider it as a myth.9. Everyone was a bit ________(迷惑的)by her sudden departure.10. I consider that it is ________ (有害的) for students to play computer games, though some of them don’t think so.11. It was not our ________ (错误)that we were late.12. She was ________ (漫步)aimlessly up and down the road.13. She was ________ (凝视)out of the window.14. I like the red dress with black ________ (斑点).15. Young people like to ________ (寻找)success in life.16. They wanted to find the ________ (源头)of the Yellow River.17. When ________ (收获)time comes, everyone helps in the field.18. Although they are disabled, they have a strong ________ (信仰) in life.19. I find that doing physical exercise a couple of times a week makes me feel more ________ (精力充沛的)!20. Not having not been given the gift, little Tom ________ (哭泣) after the ceremony.【答案】1. distance 2. slightly 3. mixture 4. harbor 5. dawn 6. unlike 7. global 8. existence 9. puzzled10. harmful 11. fault 12. wandering 13. staring 14. spots 15. seek16. origin 17. harvest 18. belief 19. energetic 20. WeptⅡ.用所给短语的正确形式填空（每个1分，共10分）1. As we all know, Thailand, being flooded by violent storms now, ________ its old te mples.2. The driver didn’t ________ another car in time so the accident happened.3. The Greens have an eight-year-old girl who ________ painting.4. I am here for business ________ on holiday.5. The family went to the United States of America and ________ there about twenty years ago.6. He worked hard so that he ________pass the exam.7. They ________ to Xi’an when I called them up.8. It is good for you to ________ your friends sometimes.9. From his window, a church could be seen ________.10. Parents had ________ her that it would be unforgivable to miss the bus.【答案】1. is famous for 2. catch sight of 3. has a gift for4. rather than 5. settled down 6. managed to 7. were on a trip 8. have a chat with 9. in the distance 10. impressed uponⅢ.单句填空（每个1分，共30分）1. Finally he lost his ________ (patient) and started to yell at his mother.2. It would be ________ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends.3. They entered the area without ________ (permit).4. Stop ________ (scream)，we can hear you clearly.5. I think it’s time we ________ (seek) legal advice.6. As is known，________ (stare) at others is impolite.7. We found the ground ________ (cover) by snow.8. The ________ (poison) water led to the death of many fish.9. Passengers are permitted ________ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.10. He ________ (bring) up in North Yorkshire by his grandmother.11. The bank is offering a(n) ________ (报酬) to anyone who can give some information about the robbery.12. I really ________ (钦佩) you ________ your way of making decisions.13. The 2014 New Year’s evening party ________ ________ (举行) on New Year’s Eve, which attracted almost all the Chinese.14. The student had no other choice but ________ ________ ________ (apologize) his teacher ________ the mistake he had made.15. What you said just now ________ me ________ that American professor.(remind)16. Jack ________ ________ ________ ________ (深呼吸) and then dived into the water.17. She looks forward every spring ________ ________ (walk) in the flowerlined garden.18. In the 1990s, many well-educated young people went to Hainan Island ________ ________ ________ (寻找) jobs.19. It’s important that we ________ protect wild animals.20. John told me that he had lost his key to the car, but he didn’t really lose it — that’s just a(n) ________ (诡计).21. The boy had ________ (curious) about what was going on.22. The government decided to take some measures to ________ (strength) the economy.23. Fresh air is ________ (benefit) to one’s health.24. To keep healthy, you should keep a ________ (balance) diet.25. How will you use the ________ (limit) time you have?26. Sometimes I still suffer from these ________ (weak).27. She is as tall as you, but she’s ________ (slim) than you.28. Never take this medicine in ________ (combine) with alcohol.29. “I’m sorry to disturb you,” Webb said ________(gentle).30. Look! There is something ________ (float) on the water.【答案】 1. patience 2. unbelievable 3. permission 4. screaming 5. sought 6. staring 7. covered 8. poisonous 9. to carry 10. was brought11. reward12. admire; for13. took place14. to apologize to; for15. reminded; of16. took a deep breath17. to walking18. in search of19. Should20. trick21. curiosity 22. strengthen 23. beneficial 24. balanced 25. limited 26. weaknesses 27. slimmer 28. combination 29. gently 30. floatingⅠ.完成句子（每个1分，10分）1. — How did you ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(设法得到消息) we need?— With the help of my friends.2. Mrs. Taylor has a son who ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (在音乐方面有天赋) — he has won two national prizes.3. Frankly, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(而不坐公共汽车) home, I prefer to walk every day.4. We have made up our minds to set off for our trip ________ ________(在拂晓).5. It was the way he spoke ________ ________(而不是)what he said that made his dad angry.6. The boy broke the school rules and the teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(让他站在教室外面).7. The teacher ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(不能容忍他的学生迟到)at school.8. — Our women athletes achieved great success in the Olympic Games.— Yes. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(没人比她们表现的更精彩了)，I think.9. She said her mother bought her a new dress ________ ________ ________(以折扣价)last week.10. He said that he ________ ________ ________ ________(深陷债务)because he wanted to borrow some money from them.【答案】1. manage to get the information 2. has a gift for music 3. rather than take a bus 4. at dawn 5. rather than6. had him stand outside the classroom 7. can’t have his students arriving late 8. No one could perform better 9. at a discount 10. was heavily in debtV.语篇填空（每个1分，共10分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

高中物理必修3物理 全册全单元精选试卷综合测试（Word 版 含答案）一、必修第3册 静电场及其应用解答题易错题培优（难）1．（1）科学家发现，除了类似太阳系的恒星-行星系统，还存在许多双星系统，通过对它们的研究，使我们对宇宙有了较深刻的认识．双星系统是由两个星体构成，其中每个星体的线度（直径）都远小于两星体间的距离，一般双星系统距离其它星体很远，可以当做孤立系统处理．已知某双星系统中每个星体的质量都是M 0，两者相距L ，它们正围绕两者连线的中点做匀速圆周运动，引力常量为G ．①求该双星系统中每个星体的线速度大小v ；②如果质量分别为m 1和m 2的质点相距为r 时，它们之间的引力势能的表达式为12p m m E Gr=-，求该双星系统的机械能． （2）微观世界与宏观世界往往存在奇妙的相似性．对于氢原子模型，因为原子核的质量远大于电子质量，可以忽略原子核的运动，形成类似天文学中的恒星-行星系统，记为模型Ⅰ．另一种模型认为氢原子的核外电子并非绕核旋转，而是类似天文学中的双星系统，核外电子和原子核依靠库仑力作用使它们同时绕彼此连线上某一点做匀速圆周运动，记为模型Ⅱ．假设核外电子的质量为m ，氢原子核的质量为M ，二者相距为r ，静电力常量为k ，电子和氢原子核的电荷量均为e ．已知电荷量分别为+q 1和-q 2的点电荷相距为r 时，它们之间的电势能的表达式为12p q q E kr=-． ①模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ中系统的能量分别用E Ⅰ、 E Ⅱ表示，请推理分析，比较E Ⅰ、 E Ⅱ的大小关系； ②模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ中电子做匀速圆周运动的线速度分别用v Ⅰ、v Ⅱ表示，通常情况下氢原子的研究采用模型Ⅰ的方案，请从线速度的角度分析这样做的合理性．【答案】（1）①v =②202M G L -（2）①2-2ke r②模型Ⅰ的简化是合理的【解析】（1）① 22002/2M M v G L L =，解得 v =②双星系统的动能2200k 0012222GM GM E M v M L L =⨯==，双星系统的引力势能20P GM E L =-，该双星系统的机械能E=E k +E p =202M G L - （2）①对于模型Ⅰ：22I 2mv ke r r =，此时电子的动能E k Ⅰ=22ke r又因电势能2pI e E k r =-，所以E Ⅰ= E k Ⅰ+E p Ⅰ=2-2ke r对于模型Ⅱ：对电子有：22121mvker r=，解得22112mv rrke=对于原子核有：22222Mvker r=，解得22222Mv rrke=因为r1+r2=r，所以有22221222+mv r Mv rr ke ke=解得E kⅡ=2 221211222ke mv Mvr+=又因电势能2peE kr=-Ⅱ，所以EⅡ= E kⅡ+E pⅡ=2-2ker即模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ中系统的能量相等，均为2 -2 ker②解法一：模型Ⅰ中：对于电子绕原子核的运动有22II2=mvkem vr rω=，解得2I2=kevm rω模型Ⅱ中：对电子有：22II1II21=mvkem vr rω=，解得2II21=kevm rω对于原子核有：22222=ke MvM vr rω=，因ω1=ω2，所以mvⅡ=Mv又因原子核的质量M远大于电子的质量m，所以vⅡ>>v，所以可视为M静止不动，因此ω1=ω2=ω，即可视为vⅠ=vⅡ．故从线速度的角度分析模型Ⅰ的简化是合理的．②解法二：模型Ⅰ中：对于电子绕原子核的运动有22I2mvker r=，解得Iv模型Ⅱ中：库仑力提供向心力：222122=kemr Mrrωω== (1)解得12=r Mr m；又因为r1+r2=r所以1=Mrm M+2=mrm M+带入（1）式：ω=所以：()21=?ke M v r r m M m ω=+Ⅱ ()22=?ke mv r r m M Mω=+又因原子核的质量M 远大于电子的质量m ，所以v Ⅱ>>v ，所以可视为M 静止不动；故从线速度的角度分析模型Ⅰ的简化是合理的．2．有三根长度皆为l =0.3 m 的不可伸长的绝缘轻线，其中两根的一端固定在天花板的O 点，另一端分别栓有质量皆为m =1.0×10﹣2kg 的带电小球A 和B ，它们的电荷量分别为﹣q 和+q ，q =1.0×10﹣6C ．A 、B 之间用第三根线连接起来，空间中存在大小为E =2.0×105N/C 的匀强电场，电场强度的方向水平向右．平衡时A 、B 球的位置如图所示．已知静电力常量k =9×109N•m 2/C 2重力加速度g =10m/s 2．求：（1）A 、B 间的库仑力的大小 （2）连接A 、B 的轻线的拉力大小． 【答案】（1）F=0.1N （2）10.042T N = 【解析】试题分析：（1）以B 球为研究对象，B 球受到重力mg ，电场力Eq ，静电力F ，AB 间绳子的拉力1T 和OB 绳子的拉力2T ，共5个力的作用，处于平衡状态，A 、B 间的静电力22q F k l=，代入数据可得F=0.1N（2）在竖直方向上有：2sin 60T mg ︒=，在水平方向上有：12cos 60qE F T T =++︒ 代入数据可得10.042T N = 考点：考查了共点力平衡条件的应用【名师点睛】注意成立的条件，掌握力的平行四边形定则的应用，理解三角知识运用，注意平衡条件的方程的建立．3．我们可以借鉴研究静电场的方法来研究地球周围空间的引力场，如用“引力场强度”、“引力势”的概念描述引力场。