自考专科商务英语阅读词(大全)结

2018年1月广东省高等教育自学考试商务英语阅读试题（课程代码 05439）I. Translate the following words or phrases into Chinese (10%)1. inflation2. turnover3. fringe benefit4. bearer bond5. consignment6. mutual fund7. brokerage 8. certificate of origin9. mortgage 10. counter offerⅡ. Translate the following words or phrases Into English (10%)11.经济衰退 12.股权证13.预付款 14.期末存货15.电汇 16.赔偿、偿还17.存款 18.配额、限额19.仲裁 20.风险资本Ⅲ. Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks (10%)21. The most major function of money is_________.A. a store of valueB. the unit of accountC. the medium of exchangeD. a standard of deferred payment22. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in economic loss?A. The destruction of one’s home in a fire.B. Loss of income owing to illness.C. Loss of property owing to theft.D. The destruction of one’s property in an accident.23. An insurance policy is_________.A. a government law on insuranceB. a written contract between the insurer and the insuredC. a piece of paper with the insurer’s signature on itD. a set of rules to regulate the insurance market24. Which of the following can NOT be a feature of a bond?A. It has a certain denomination.B. It has a prefixed interest rate.C. It involves high risk.D. It has a prefixed maturity date.25. _________is a small structure with one or more open sides that is used to vend merchandise (as newspapers) or services.A. Telephone boothB. KioskC. NewsstandD. Department store26. Marketers can communicate with large numbers of potential customers at the same timeby_________.A. personal sellingB. direct sellingC. mass sellingD. sending leaflets27. What is meant by“consideration” in a contract?A. An item of considerable value given to the other party.B. An item of value given to the other party.C. Money in exchange of goods.D. Careful thinking before signing a contract.28. To be a wise customer, we must evaluate__________ and choose to buy what is__________.A. the price; the cheapestB. the product quality; of top qualityC. the total product offer; of the best value to usD. the after-sale service; provided with the best after-sale service29. The following are the elements of marketing mix EXCEPT__________.A. priceB. placeC. point-of-saleD. promotion30. What is the major feature of a global marketing strategy?A. uniformityB. flexibilityC. localizationD. diversityIV. In this part, there are some reading passages followed by 15 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best one according to your understanding (30%)Passage 1Corporate CultureThe term corporate culture refers to an organization’s value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Food’s corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone-even CEO Don Tyson wears clothes of a yellowish brown color on the job.The leaders who developed the company and the corporate culture typically shape the corporate culture.One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training. New managers who attend McDonald’s Hamburger University may learn skills in management,but they also pick up the basics of the organization’s corporate culture. Employees can absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well,by talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job.Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures,everyone knows and supports the organizations’objectives.In those with weak cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists. In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellenceconcluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald’s.As you can imagine,changing a company’s corporate culture can be very difficult.But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak,or when the organization’s objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive situation of a company changes. For instance, electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation,now face more competition than ever.Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too.Management expert Peter Duckers feels that,rather than trying to change culture,managers should focus on changing employees and corporate practices, as follows.——Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization or department, or office) needs to achieve.——Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departmentsthat are already effective and find out what they are doing differently from the rest.——Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results.Duckers suggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.——Change the reward system-or develop a new one-to recognize these effective practices. When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach,they will adoptit much more quickly.Whether one wants to change an organization culture or not,it is importantto choose managers and employees whose personal styles fit the organization’s goals.31. According to the passage, corporate culture _________.A. means the cultural atmosphere in a companyB. is established by top leaders and can’t be changedC. involves the core values of a companyD. has little influence on the performance of a company32. In McDonald’s Hamburger University, new managers _________.A. learn the company’s corporate culture at lengthB. are only interested in learning management skillsC. learn all the necessary skills and practices of the companyD. have chances to know about the company’s corporate culture33. If an organization has a strong corporate culture,_________.A. it can be sure of achieving great successB. it will be as successful as General Electric and McDonald’s pC. its staff tend to work for a common goalD. it may have a strong influence on the market34.One reason why some managers try to change a company’s corporate culture is that_________.A. the existing corporate culture is very strongB. they try to adapt the corporate culture to new situationsC. the company is facing a lot of competitionD. they are not so conservative as the old generation35. Which of the following is NOT advised by Peter Duckers?A. Evaluating different performances of various departments.B. Improving the communication among managers.C. Determine what is to be achieved by the organization.D. Improving the reward system so as to encourage new practices.Passage 2Early Developments in American EconomyEarly American industries depended largely on skilled artisans working in small shops tothserve a local market.But the Industrial Revolution that started in England during the18century did not take long to cross the Atlantic. It brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. Because labor was scarce in the United States and wages were high, employers welcomed any new method that could reduce the requirement for labor.One key development was the introduction of the factory system,which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area.The first factoryin the United States is generally dated to 1793, when an Englishman named Samuel Slater came to America to build a cotton cloth factory. He built the machinery from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England.The success of Slater’s factory started a processof change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The making of textiles also meant increased demand for cotton, grown in the southern region for the United States. As a result, the nation became a major cotton producer.Another important development was the“American system” of mass production, which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. The new system required precision engineering to create parts that were interchangeable. This, in return, allowed the final product to be assembled in stages, each worker specializing in a specific operation.Just as Slater’s new factory system was being introduced, an American named Eli Whitney made cotton production more efficient by inventing a machine-the cotton gin-that rapidly removedthe seeds from the boils of cotton. Removing the seeds by hand was a difficult task; Whitney’s machine made the job almost easy.Whitney also began manufacturing rifles in a new way.Guns had always been made by gun makers working in their homes or small shops. Because the guns were handmade individually, a part from one gun would not necessarily fit another gun.Whitney began making guns with machinery,so thatall the parts were the same in each gun. This method of manufacturing goods in a factory, with interchangeable parts, helped to advance American industry.In 1913, the automaker Henry Ford introduced the“moving assembly” line. This was a variation on the earlier practice of continuous assembly. By improving efficiency, it made possible a major saving in labor costs. A new breed of industrial managers began the careful study of factory operations with the aim of finding the most efficient ways of organizing tasks. Their concepts of“scientific management”helped to lower the costs of production still further. Lower costs made possible both higher wages for workers and lower prices for consumers. More and more Americans were gaining the ability to purchase products made in the United States. During the first half of the 20th century, mass production of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators and kitchen ranges helped to revolutionize the ways in which Americans lived.36. In the first paragraph, the author intends to tell us that __________.A. early American industries mainly depended on new methodsB. early American industries mainly depended on people who did skilled work with their handsC. early American industries mainly depended on England industriesD. early American industries mainly depended on new changes37. The first factory in the United States was__________.A. built by an American engineer named Henry FordB. built by an American named Eli WhitneyC. built by an Englishman who built it from memoryD. built by an American who wanted to build a cotton cloth factory38. Another important development was concerning__________.A. the steam enginesB. the mass productionC. the mobile operationD. the textile industry39. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Henry Ford influenced American people’s life.B. Henry Ford influenced all manufacturing systems.C. Henry Ford influenced the manufacture of cars.D. Henry Ford influenced the system of business.40. According to the passage, we can draw the conclusions EXCEPT that __________.A. the production efficiency has greatly been improved by the“American System”B.many other machines such as refrigerators,washing machines and vacuum cleaners are producedon the assembly lineC. with the interchangeable parts, American industries advanced greatlyD. the industrial managers began the careful study of the operations with the aim of reducingthe methodsPassage 3Problems Potential Exporters Are FacingMany firms fail to succeed, because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or developed an international marketing plum.To be successful,a firm must clearly define its goals,objectives and potential problems.Secondly,it must develop a definitive planto accomplish its objectives,regardless of the problems involved.Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise, it may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade,the exporter should take a more objective view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment.Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporter’s trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agent’s reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributor’s facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed.Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms,too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory,the distributor must make them,usually at a greater cost and probablynot as satisfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained,and their performance continually monitored.This requires a company marketing executiveto be located permanently in the distributor’s geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support a company representative.The distributor should also be treatedon an equal basis with domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive program and special credit terms should be available.Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this.There may be import restrictions in the target market,the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.41.In the first paragraph,the writer suggests that firms thinking about exporting should______.A. get professional adviceB. study international marketingC. identify the most profitable marketsD. have different objectives to other exporters42. The writer believes that if sufficient preparation is undertaken ______.A. initial difficulties can be easily avoidedB. the costs can be recovered quite quicklyC. management will become more committedD. the exporter will be successful in the long term43. An exporter should choose a distributor who ______.A. has experienced personnelB. has good communication skillsC. is well-established in the target marketD. is not financially dependent on the import business44. New exporters often make the mistake of ignoring the export market when ______.A. distribution costs are too highB. their product is selling well at homeC. there is a global economic recessionD. distributors cannot make safety modifications45. For a distributor to be successful, the exporter must______.A. focus on one particular regionB. finance local advertising campaignsC. give the same support as to domestic agentsD. make sure there are sufficient marketing staff locallyV. Read the following passages and finish the exercises of each one (40%)Passage 4Human-resource ManagementIf sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast,in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focusedon the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result,problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.If American workers,for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States.More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.The result is lower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the p opulation affect the wagesof the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.A. Mark the following statements true (T) or false (F) according to the passage (10%)46. The management of human resources in American companies sees the gaining of skills as theiremployees’ own business.47.The head of human-resource management in an American firm is directly under the chief financialexecutives in the firms.48.The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to workers who lack basic backgroundskills.49.According to the passages,the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitive advantageis the rational composition of professional and managerial employees.50.According to the passage,the human-resource management strategies of American firms affecttheir competitive capacity.Passage 5Introduction to CompaniesThe General Nature of Companies(56) A company is a form of business organization which is owned by all those who investin it.These investors are known as shareholders as they own or“hold”a share of the company. The size of their share of the company will depend upon the amount of money they have invested in it.The total investment by all of the shareholders is known as the share capital of the company. Thus, unlike a sole trader, where one person owns the business, or a partnership, where a small number of people own a business,a company may be owned by several hundred or even several thousand shareholders.Obviously, all of these people cannot be involved in running the company. Instead, the shareholders appoint directors to run the company on their behalf,if the directors run the company efficiently and make a profit, the shareholders will receive a dividend each year as a return on their investment.Characteristics of CompaniesThe characteristics of companies differ in several respects from both sole traders and partnerships. The following are among the more important differences.Separate Legal Entity(57)A unique feature of a company is that,no matter how many individuals have bought sharesin it, it is treated in its dealings with the outside world as if it was a person in its own right. It is said to be a separate legal entity. Just as the law can create this separate legal person,so also can it eliminate it,but its existence can only be terminated by using the proper legal procedures.Thus, the identity of the shareholders in a large concern may be changing daily as shares are bought and sold by different people. On the other hand, a small private company may have the same shareholders from the date it is incorporated (the day it legally came into being), until the date when liquidation is completed (the cessation of the company, often known alsoas“winding up” or being“wound up”). A prime example of its identity as a separate legal entity is that it may sue its own shareholders, or in turn be sued by them.Limited LiabilityMost companies are“limited” companies. This means that any shareholder who has paidfor the share (s) which he has bought cannot be forced to pay more money into the company if, for example, it is making losses or has gone into liquidation. (58) Thus, the maximum amountof money any shareholder can lose by investing in a company is the amount he has invested.Unlikein sole traders or partnerships a shareholder in a limited company cannot be forced to sell his house, car, etc. to pay the debts of the business.If a shareholder has not paid in full for the shares he has agreed to buy,he can be forcedto pay the balance owing on the shares. Once he has paid that amount he cannot be forced to pay any further amount. Thus, his liability is limited to the amount he has agreed to pay but has not yet paid.This is known as limited liability and the company is known as a limited company. It is important to note that it is the liability of the shareholders that is limited not the liabilityof the company.(59)Companies can incur debts well beyond what they are able to pay and therefore their liabilities can exceed their assets.companies, in which There are, as will be seen later, some companies, known as unlimitedthe liability of the shareholders is not limited. Limited liability and the ability to raise large amounts of finance are the principal reasons why limited companies are the most common form of business organization.Public Companies and Private CompaniesBroadly speaking, there are two classes of company, the public company and the private company. Public companies are also known as PLCs, that is, public limited companies.A private company may not have less than two,or more than fifty,shareholders(excluding employees and ex-employees)and may not offer its shares to the general public.Once some someone has purchased shares in a private company the right to transfer those shares to someone elseis severely restricted.A PLC is a company which fulfils the following conditions:.It must be able to issue share capital of at least 30, 000;. It must have at least seven shareholders. There is no maximum;. Its name must end with the words“public limited company” the abbreviation“plc”.A private company is usually, but not always, smaller than a public company.The shares that are dealt in on the Stock Exchange are all of public limited companies. This does not mean that all public companies’ shares are traded on the Stock Exchange, as, for various reasons, some public companies have either chosen not to, or not been allowed to, havetheir share traded there. The ones that are traded in are known as quoted companies or listed companies meaning that the price of shares in them is quoted (or listed) by the Stock Exchange. Quoted companies have to comply with Stock Exchange rules and regulations.Share Capital and DividendsA shareholder in a limited company obtains his reward for investing in the form of a shareof the profits, known as a dividend. (60) The directors decide how much of the profits is tobe retained in the company and used for expansion. Out of the profits remaining they propose the payment of a certain amount of dividend. The shareholders cannot propose a dividend for themselves higher than that already proposed by the directors. They can, however, propose that a lesser dividend should be paid, although this action is very rare. If the directors propose that no dividend be paid, then the shareholders are powerless to alter the decision.The decision by the directors as to the amount proposed as dividends is a very complex one.Such matters as the effect of taxation,the availability of bank balances to pay the dividends, the possibility of take-over bids and so on will all be taken into account.Dividends are usually expressed as a percentage of the share capital. A dividend of 10%in Company A on 500, 000 Common Shares of£ 1 each will amount to£ 50, 000, or a dividend of 6% in Company B on 200, 000 Common Shares of£ 2 each will amount to£24, 000. A shareholder having 100 shares in each firm would receive£10 from Company A and£12 from Company B.B. Choose the best answer for the following questions (10%)51. A most significant difference between a public company and a small private company lies in that ________.A. a public company has more shareholders than a private companyB.the shareholders of a public company can secure a dividend each year whereas the shareholdersof a private company does notC.the identity of the shareholders of a public company may be changing daily whereas the identityof the shareholders of a private company almost remains the sameD. a public company is treated as a separate legal entity whereas a private company is not52. Which of the following statements is true?A. Unlike a sole trader or partnership a shareholder in an unlimited company can forced to sellhis house or car to pay the debts of the business.B. Like a sole trader or partnership a shareholder in a limited company also faces the risk ofbeing forced to sell his house or car to pay the debts of the business.C. The liabilities of a limited company cannot exceed its assets.D. The liability of a shareholder of a limited company is limited to what he has invested init.53. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The number of a private company’s shareholders may not exceed fifty.B. A PLC must have at least seven shareholders.C. A PLC is always larger than a private company.D. Listed companies are those whose shares are traded on Stock Exchange.54. The shareholders of a PLC have the right to do all of the following EXCEPT___________.A. attend general meetings of the companyB. vote for directors at a general meeting of the companyC. propose a dividend for themselves higher than that already proposed by the boardD. propose a dividend less than that already proposed by the board55. When the directors decide the amount proposed as dividends, they have to take into consideration all the following EXCEPT __________.A. the effect of taxationB. whether they have enough money on the account to pay the dividendsC. the number of the company’s shareholdersD.whether they have enough reserves possibly to be used to take over some other company throughStock ExchangeC. Translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (56) (57) (58) (59) (60) (10%)D. Answer the following questions according to your understanding of the passage (10%)61. What are the major differences among companies, sole traders and partnerships according tothe passage?62. Why do most companies nowadays adopt the form of limited companies?。

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商务英语阅读单词第一课1.illegal migrant 非法移民2.guest workers 外来工人临时工人3.unemployment rate 失业率4.immigration policy 移民政策5.permanent-resident status 永久居住权6.foreign aid 外援7.foreign direct investment 外国直接投资8.private capital 私人资本9.gross domestic product 国内生产总值/doc/5016627388.html,bor mobility 人员流动11.think tank 智囊团12.trickle down benefits13.brain drain 人才外流14.Home Secretary 内政大臣15.work permits 工作许可16.immigrant visa 移民签证17.deportation program 驱逐出境18.tourism revenues 旅游收入19.hard currency 硬通货20.infrastructure projects 基础建设项目第二课1.economic inequality 经济不平等2.thought-experiment 假想3.average incomes平均收入4.industrial economies工业经济体、发达国家5.international monetary fund国际货币基金组织6.inflation-adjusted GDP 扣除涨价因素7. a line of best fit最优曲线8.global capitalism全球资本主义9.living standard生活标准10.national accounts国民账户11.absolute terms绝对价值计算12.acute poverty赤贫13.head count人口数14.consumption poverty消费贫困15.income poverty收入贫困16.national incomes国民收入17.international economic integration国际经济一体化18.free market capitalism自由市场资本主义19.household surveys家庭调查20.income distribution收入分配第三课1.fixed exchange rate 固定汇率2.trade surplus 贸易顺差3.free movement of goods货物的自由流通4.currency convertibility 货币兑换5.short-term cash flow 短期资金流6.balance-of-payments 国际收支平衡7.quota system 配额制8.special drawing rights 特别提款权9.debtor countries 债权国10.power plants 发电厂11.economic take-off 经济腾飞12.soft loans 软贷款13.member states 成员国14.trade sanctions 贸易制裁15.dispute settlement panel 争端解决委员会16.most favored nation clause 最惠国待遇17.national treatment clause 国民待遇条款18.fresh water 淡水资源19.multilateral trading system 多边贸易体系20.old gold standard 旧的金本位第四课1.structure of power 权力结构2.cold war system 冷战体系3.sphere of influence 势力范围4.regulated trade 管制贸易5.iron curtain 铁幕6.free-market capitalism自由市场资本主义7.foreign direct investment 外国直接投资8.cultural homogenization 文化同质化9.technological breakthroughs 技术突破10.mass-energy equation 智能方程11.sumo wrestling 相扑12.high-tech firm 高新企业13.lose orders 失去订单14.foreign reserves 外汇储备15.long-term capital management长期资本管理16.Industry transforming 工业转型/doc/5016627388.html,munist camp 共产主义阵营18.dominant ideas 主义意识形态19.nuclear annihilation 核威慑20.export-led growth 出口导向性增长第五课1.Saving banks 储蓄银行2.per capita incomes 人均收入3.current account deficit 往来账户赤字4.inflation pressures 膨胀压力5.Equity markets 股票市场6.external inflows 外部资金流动7.credit spreads 信用差价8.long-dated futures 长期交易9.public debt-to-GDP ratios10.economic momentum 经济动力11.unfavorable investment climates 不利的投资环境12.soft patch 软补13.monetary tightening 货币紧缩/doc/5016627388.html,monwealth of Independent States独联体15.central banks 央行16.domestic demand 国内需求17.Euro depreciation 欧元贬值18.rigid labor market 刚性的劳务市场19.emerging markets 新兴市场20.long-term treasury bonds 长期的国库券第六课1.junk mail 垃圾邮件2.spam filtering software 垃圾过滤软件3.online behavior 网上行为4.virus writer 黑客5.E-tailers 电子零售商6.venture capitalists 风险投资家7.inbox 收件箱8.drafts 草稿9.sent 已发送10.trash 垃圾邮件11.forward 转发12.wireless link 无线连接13.domain name 域名14.white list 白名单15.unsolicited mails 未经请求的邮件16.miracle pills 特效药17.spam-spewing machine 大量发出垃圾邮件的机器18.cyber crime division 网络犯罪部门19.first class and business class 头等舱和商务舱20.digital locks 电子锁第七课1.Broadband internet access 宽带连接2.Social networking 网络社交3.National pi day 全国数学节4.Check e-mail 查收邮件5.Surf the web 网上冲浪6.Around the clock 夜以继日7.Hog phone lines 占用电话线8.Dial-up counterparts 发号上网的用户9.Internet-savvy youth 网络操作的年轻人10.Baby boomers 婴儿潮11.Keep blogs 更博12.Instant message 即时消息13.High-speed connections 高速连接14.Copyright scofflaws 盗用版权15.Consumer behavior 消费行为16.Lord of rings 指环王17.Advertising sponsors 广告赞助商18.Distance leaning 远程学习19.Real-life classroom 真是课堂20.Wireless carrier 无线运行商第八课1.Trade secret 商业秘密2.Mass production 大量生产3.Distribution costs 发行费用4.Regional needs 区域需求5.Sports-utility vehicles 运动型运载车6.Core technology 核心科技7.Low-value-added production 低增值生产8.Defect rate 缺陷率9.Inventory costs 存货成本装配过程10.Assembly process装配过程11.Construction-machinery maker 建筑机械生产商12.Global-positioning systems\hydraulic excavators 全球定位系统液压挖土机13.Sours loans 坏账14.Defective products 有缺陷的产品15.Flat-panel TV 平板电视16.Technological edge 技术优势17.High profit margins 高利润空间18.Electronics sector 电子行业19.Focused suppliers 集中供应商20.Liquid-crystal display panel 液晶显示屏第九课1.Apparel quota 纺织品配额2.Multi-fiber arrangement 多纤维协定3.Import licenses 进口许可证4.Market access 市场准入5.Import duty 进口关税6.Survival of the fittest 适者生存7.Anti-dumping penalty 反倾销惩罚/doc/5016627388.html,y off 下岗9.State-owned enterprises 国企10.Bargaining chip 交易筹码11.Duty-free products 免税品12.Minimum wage 最低工资13.International labor standard 国际劳工标准14.Export earnings 出口收入15.Selling point 卖点16.Severance pay 遣散费17.High-quality synthetic fiber 高品质合成纤维18.Expand capacity 夸大生产能力19.Domestic market 国内市场20.Dominant players 主导者21.Industry structure 产业结构第十课Pension funds 养老基金Treasury bonds 国库债券Mortgage 按揭Credit crunch 信贷紧缩Flood of liquidity 资金流动Business cycle 商业周期Fictitious capital 虚拟资本hypnotherapy credit 抵押信贷economic downturn 经济滑坡Looming shortage 迫在眉睫的短缺Cash hoard 现金囤积Speculative spasms 投机痉挛1.Post bubble era 后泡沫时代2.Tech stocks 科技股3.Real estate 房地产4.Price-to-earnings ratio 价格收益率5.Bond market 债券市场6.Shortage of capital 资金短缺7.Emerging markets 新兴市场8.Bank loans 银行贷款9.Foreign exchange market 外汇市场10.Capital flows 资金流11.Digit annual rates 两位数的年收益率12.Prime locations 黄金地段13.High-yield junk bonds 高收益垃圾证券14.Hot money 热钱15.Hedge fund 对冲基金16.Internet portals 门户网站17.Nikkei index 日基指数18.Oil tycoon 石油大亨19.Market bounce 市场反弹20.National debt 国债第十一课1.Independent directors 独立董事2.Accounting scandal 会计丑闻3.Shareholder value 股东利益4.Audit committee 审计委员会5.Board of supervisors 监事会6.Succession planning 继任计划7.Bookkeeping error 账目录入错误8.Lease expenses 租赁费用9.Stock options 优先股10.Risky deals 风险交易11.Gray-area accounting 灰色账目12.Board members 董事会成员13.Micromanagement微管理14.International expansion海外扩张/doc/5016627388.html,ckluster performance业绩不佳16.High-performing No.2能力超群的二号人物17.Search firms调查公司18.Top-notch directors一流董事19.Sitting CEOs在任首席执行官20.Strengths and weaknesses优缺点21.Accounting firms会计师事务所22.Buyer’s market买方市场23.Seller’s market卖方市场24.Cross-selling交叉销售第十二课1.Mobile handset 手机2.raw materials 原材料3.finished goods 制成品4.supply lines 供应线5.Assembly lines 装配线6.line production 流水生产7.lean production 精益生产8.just-in-time supply 及时供应9.Incoming parts 进货10.outgoing products 出货11.Build to order (BTO) 按客户需求下订单12.accumulated stocks 累计存货13.freight transport industry 货运业14.road-haulage companies 陆货15.Rail freight firms 铁运公司16.shipping lines of air-cargo firms 空运公司的海运线17.parcel and express-delivery services 包裹快递服务18.truck fleet 车队19.freight forwarders 货物转运20.warehouse-management firms 仓储管理公司/doc/5016627388.html,puterized production system 电算化的生产系统22.radio-frequency identification 无线射频识别第十四课1.Equity capital 股权资产2.Receivables 应收款项3.Distribution channel 分销渠道4.Top quality products 高质量产品5.Superior service 最优服务6.Cash flow 现金流7.Balance sheet 资产负债表8.Trade shows 贸易展览会9.Specialty chain stores 专卖店10.Buying decision 购买决定11.In-person sales presentation 直销12.Market entrance 市场准入13.Overseas suppliers 海外供应商14.Leadership position 领先地位15.Inventory planning 库存计划16.Defective products 残次品17.Face-to-face selling 直销18.Advertising budget 广告预算19.Press release 新闻发布会20.Founding partners 创建人21.Sales reps 推销员22.Back-up support 后备支持23.Warehouse space 厂房面积24.Tentative agreement 意向书。

《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 1 页 共8页《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 2页 共8页教学点： 年级： 专业： 层次: 姓名： 学号： 座位号:密封线内请不要答题广东外语外贸大学成人高等教育商务英语错误!未找到引用源。

（专科）2018学年第1学期《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷）年级: 考试形式: 闭卷 考试时间: 90分钟Part I Multiple Choices (15 points, 1 point each) Direction.Ther.ar.1.incomplet.sentence.i.thi.part.Fo.eac.sentenc.ther.ar.fou.Choice.marke.A.B..a 1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______ and perfected now. A.developed B.hav .developed C.ar.bein.developedD.wil.hav .bee.develope.2. Y ou _______ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks. A.needn ’.hav .seen B.mus.hav .seen C.migh.hav .seenD.can ’.hav .seen3. She’s always been kind to me – I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help. A.m.back B.m.head C.m.eye D.shoulder4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _______ directed. A.like B.so C.which D.as5. The _______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly the gap between researchers and teachers. A.joint B.intensive C.overall D.decisive6. W e can accept your order _______ payment is made in advance. A.i.th.belie.that B.i.orde.that C.o.th.excus.that D.o.conditio.that7. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______ of the earthquake. A.consequence B.aftermath C.results D.effect8. Research universities have to keep up with the latest computer and scientific hardware _______ price. A.o.accoun.of B.regardles.of C.i.additio.to D.no.t.mention 9. I am surprised _______ this city is a dull place to live in. A.tha.yo.woul.think B.b.wha.yo.ar.thinkin. C.tha.yo.shoul.think D.wit.wha.yo.wer.thinking 10. Don’t let the child play with scissors _______ he cuts himself. A.i.case B.s.that C.no.that D.onl.if 11. They always give the vacant seats to _______ comes first. A.whoever B.whomever C.who D.whom12. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _______ itcomes to classroom tests. A.when B.since C.before D.after13. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are _______ available these days.A.promptlyB.instantlyC.readilyD.quickly14. Owing to _______ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably . A.fierce B.strained C.eager D.critical 15. Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with. A.smell B.sense C.hear D.tough Part II Word Match (15 points, 1 point each) Direction.Matc.th.followin.word.wit.thei.definition.withi.eac.grou.o.fiv.words.Writ.dow.th.matche Group 11. authentic A.havin.power.o.learning.reasonin.o.understanding2. commitment B.twist.changin.shape3. exaggerate C..promis.o.decisio.t.d.something4. intelligent D.real.tru.an.accurate5. distortion E.sa.mor.tha.th.trut.abou.something Group 26. authority A.basic.central.formin.th.necessar.basi.o.something7. donate B.somethin.tha.i.considere.mor.importan.tha.othe.matters8. substantial C.th.righ.o.abilit.t.control9. priority D.giv .somethin.fo.th.benefi.o.others 10.fundamentalPart III Sentence Completion (10 points, 1 point each)1. Georg.i.no.onl..skillfu.painter.bu.als.._____.writer.(talent)2. Th._______.Joh.t.Mar.wa.announce.i.th.newspaper.yesterday .(engage)3. .lov .th.movi.becaus.th.______.i.m.favorite.(act)《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷）第 3 页 共8页《商务英语写阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 4 页 共8页密封线4. ______.t.say .thi.absent-minde.professo.lef.hi.umbrell.i.th.classroo.again. (need)5. I'.afrai.th.gir.i..littl._______.fo.he.ag.an.height.(weight)6. Becaus.o.hi.______mitte.suicide.(responsibility)7. Readin.Englis.novel.help.______.you.vocabulary .(large)8. Hi.conduc._____.wit.hi.words.s.no.nobod.believe.i.him.(agree) 9..wa.annoye.b.tha._________.man.(mind.narrow)10. Mos.peopl.thin.tha.w.hav .mor.natura.resource.tha.w .need.bu.i.i.no._______. true.(necessary)Part IV Cloze (20points, 1 point each) Direction.Fo.eac.blan.i.th.followin.passage.choos.th.mos.suitabl.wor.fro.thi.lis.o.word.provide.un.A Thirsty World Th.worl.i.no.onl.hungry.i.i.als.thirst.fo.water.Thi.ma.see.strang.t.you.(1.____.nearl.7.pe.cen.o.th.earth ’.surfac.i.covere.wit.water.Bu.abou.9.pe.cen.o.thi.hug.(2.____.th.(3.____..pe.cen..th.fres.wate.(4.____.(5.____.o.that.becaus.som.o.i.i.i.th.(6.____.o.iceberg.an.glaciers.However.(7.____.thing.stan.today .thi.smal.amoun.o.fres.water.whic.i.constantl.(8.____.replace.b.rainfall.i.stil.en .Bu.ou.nee.(9.____.wate.i.increasin.rapidl..almos.da.b.day .Onl.i.w .(10.____.step.t.dea.wit.thi.proble.no.(11.____te.on..limite.wate.suppl.woul.hav .(12.____.ba.effec.o.agricultur.an.industr y .W .al.hav .t.lear.(13.____.t.sto.wastin.ou.preciou.water.On.o.th.firs.step.w .(14.____.tak.i.t.develo.way .o.reusin.it.Expe riment.hav .alread.bee.don.i.thi.field.bu.onl.(15.____..smal.scale.(16.____.eve.i.ever.cit.purifie.an.reuse.it.water.w .stil.woul.no.hav .(17._____.Al.we ’.hav .o.th.vas.(18.____.o.se.wate.i.th.worl.i.(19.____.th.salt.An.the.we ’l.b.i.(20.____.dange.o.dryin.up.Part V Reading Comprehension (40 points,2 points each) Directions.Ther.ar.fiv.passage.i.thi.part.Eac.passag.i.followe.b.fiv.question.o.unfinishe.statements.Fo.eac.question.ther.ar.fou.choice.marke.A.B..an.D.Y o.shoul.choos.th.bes.answer.The.mar.th.correspondin.lette.o.th.Answe.Shee.wit..singl.lin.throug.th.center. Passage 1 Ever.anima.i..livin.radiato..hea.forme.i.it.cell.i.give.of.throug.it.skin.W arm-bloode.animal.maintai..stead.temper atur.b.constantl.replacin.los.surfac.heat.smalle.animals.whic.hav .mor.ski.fo.ever.ounc.o.bod.weight.mus.produc.hea.fa ste.tha.bigge.ones.Becaus.smalle.animal.bur.fue.faster.scientist.sa.the.liv .faster. e.oxyge.eigh.time.a.fast.i.i.sai.tha.th.mouse-lik.shre.i.livin.eigh.time.a.fas.a.th.chicken.Th.smalles.o.th.warm-bloode.creatures.th.hummingbird.live..hundre.time.a.fas.a.a.elephant. Ther.i..limi.t.ho.smal..warm-bloode.anima.ca.be..mamma.o.bir.tha.weighe.onl.tw .an..hal.gram.woul.starv .t.deat h.I.woul.bur.u.it.foo.to.rapidl.an.woul.no.b.abl.t.ea.fas.enoug.t.suppl.mor.fuel. 1. The passage says that every animal is a living radiator because it_____. A.produce.hea.i.it.bod.cells B.burn.fue.t.produc.heatC.send.ou.hea.fro.it.bodiesD.require.oxyge.t.produc.heat 2. W arm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by_____.A.restorin.hea.continuallyB.storin.hea.i.thei.bod.cellsC.regulatin.th.amoun.o.hea.producedD.regulatin.th.amoun.o.hea.give.off 3. The amount of oxygen an animal uses depends on_____. A.ho.muc.i.weighs B.wha.foo.i.eatsC.wha.i.i.likeD.ho.lon.i.lives4. An animal weighing less than 2.5 grams would starve because it would not be able to _____.A.ge.enoug.oxygenB.maintai.it.bod.temperatureC.bur.it.foo.fas.enoughD.ea.fas.enoug.t.suppl.fuel 5. What is implied but not stated in the passage? rg..warm-bloode.anima.ca.be. B.Th.hummingbir.live.faste.tha.an.othe.warm-bloode.creature. C.Smal.animal.hav rg.ones.D.Th.hummingbir.i.th.smalles.o.th.warm-bloode.animals. Passage 2 n.ofte.li.ver.clos.t.on.another. Peopl.livin.i.Bakersfield.fo.instance.ca.visi.th.Pacifi.Ocea.an.th.coasta.plain.th.fertil.Sa.Joaqui.Valley.th.ari.Moj es.I.othe.area.i.i.possibl.t.g.sno.skiin.i.th.mornin.an.surfi n.i.th.evenin.o.th.sam.day.withou.havin.t.trave.lon.distances.Contras.abound.i.California.Th.highes.poin.i.th.Unite.State.(outsid.Alaska.i.i.California.an.s.i.th.lowes.poin.(inc ludin.Alaska)es. kes.I.ha.kes.lik.O kebeds. kes.valleys.deserts.an.plateaus.Californi.ha.it.Pacifi.coastline.stretchin.longe.tha.th.coastli bined.《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 5 页 共8页《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 2页 共8页教学点： 年级： 专业： 层次: 姓名： 学号： 座位号:密封线内请不要答题6. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States? k.Tulainyo. B.Mojav.Desert. C.Deat.Valley. D.Th.Salto.Sea.7. Where is the highest point in the United States located? k.Tahoe. B.Sierr.Nevada. C.Moun.Whitney. D.Alaska.8. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney? es. es. C.28.feet. D.1.49.feet.9. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield? A.Th.Pacifi.Ocean. B.Sa.Joaqui.Valley. C.Mojav.Desert. D.Orego.an.Washington.10. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast? k.Tulainyo. B.I.i.possibl.t.g.surfin.an.sno.skiin.i.som.part.o.Californi.withou.havin.t. trave.lon.distance. C.Sierr.Nevada.Sa.Joaqui.Valley.Mojav.Deser.an.th.Pacifi.Ocea.al.li.withi.. es. k.a.all. Passage 3 Childre.ar..relativel.moder.invention.Unti..fe.hundre.year.ag.the.di.no.exist.I.medieva.an.Renaissanc.pai ntin.yo.se.pint-size.me.an.women.wearin.grown-u.clothe.an.grown-u.expressions.performin.grown-u.tasks.C hildre.di.no.exis.becaus.th.famil.a.w.kno.i.ha.no.evolved. Childre.toda.no.onl.exist.the.hav.take.over.i.n.plac.mor.tha.i.America.an.a.n.tim.mor.tha.now.I.i.alway.Kids.Countr.here.Ou.civilizatio.i.child-centered.child-obsessed..kid ’.bod.i.ou.physica.ideal.I.Kid ’e. W.ar.th.firs.societ.i.whic.parent.expec.t.lear.fro.thei.children.Suc..topsy-turv.(颠倒.abou.a.leas.i.par.because.unlik.th.res.o.th.world.our.i.a.immigran.society.an.fo.immigran.t h.onl.hop.i.i.th.kids.I.th.Ol.Country.tha.is.Europe.hop.wa.i.th.farther.an.ho.muc.wealt.h.coul.accumulat.an.pa s.alon.t.hi.children.I.th.growt.patter.o.Americ.an.it.ever-expandin.frontier.th.youn.ma.wa.eve.advise.t.G.WE ST.th.farthe.wa.eve.inheritin.fro.hi.son.Kids.Countr.ma.b.th.inevitabl.result. .true.I.was.afte.all..boy ’.gam.t.g.t.th.moo n. If in the old days children did not exist, it seems equally true today that adults, as a class, have begun to disappear, condemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging and doing push-ups (俯卧撑) against eternity .11. The author uses the example of the Renaissance painting to show that _______. A.adult.showe.les.concer.fo.childre.tha.w .d.now B.adult.wer.smalle.an.thinne.a.tha.time.bu.the.stil.ha..lo.o.wor.t.do C.childre.looke.an.acte.lik.adult.a.tha.time D.childre.wer.no.permitte.t.appea.i.famil.painting.a.tha.time12. In the third paragraph, the Old Country is contrasted with America _______. A.t.sho.difference.i.famil.size B.t.sho.difference.i.attitude.toward.famil.relations C.t.so.tw .kind.o.geography D.t.sho.tw .differen.kind.o.economi.relation.betwee.generations 13. Going to the moon is an example of _______. A.America ’.dream.an.creativity B.America ’.childis.an.quee.behavior C.wh.Americ.hasn ’.grow .up D.wh.Americ.i.considere.th.greates.countr.i.th.world 14. According to the passage, which of the following is true? A.I.i.ver.difficul.fo.th.middle-age.t.liv .i.America. B.Americ.i.Kids.Countr.becaus.th.majorit.o.it.peopl.ar.youn.an.vigorous. C.Kids.Countr.wa.takin.shap.i.Americ.whe.immigrant.poure.int.th.country D.Americ.i.mor.o.Kids.Countr.tha.an.othe.countrie.i.th.world.15. By saying “condemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging doing push -ups against eternity ,” the author means that _______. A.sh.think.peopl.shouldn ’.b.s.concerne.abou.physica.fitness B.sh.feel.to.ol.an.tire.t.d.suc.har.exercise C.America.societ.i.overemphasizin.yout.an.physica.appearance D.wha.happene.t.childre.centurie.ag.ma.occu.t.adult.i.Americ.soon Passage 4 mo.snak.i.Britai.i.th.adder.I.Scotland.i.fact.ther.ar.n.othe.snake.a.all.Th.adde.i.als.th.onl.Britis.sn ak.wit..poisonou.bite.I.ca.b.foun.almos.anywhere.bu.prefer.sunn.hillside.an.roug.ope.country .includin.hig.ground.I.Ire lan.ther.ar.n.snake.a.all. Mos.peopl.regar.snakebite.a..fata.misfortune.bu.no.al.bite.ar.serious.an.ver.fe.ar.fatal.Sometime.attempt.a.emerg enc.treatmen.tur.ou.t.b.mor.dangerou.tha.th.bit.itself.wit.amateur.heroically .bu.mistakenly .tryin.do-it-yoursel.surger.an .othe.unnecessar.measures. Al.snake.hav .smal.teeth.s.i.follow .tha.al.snake.ca.bite.bu.onl.th.bit.o.th.adde.present.an.danger.Britis.snake.ar.sh.animal.an.ar.fa.mor.frightene.o.yo.tha.yo.coul.possibl.b.o.them.Th.adde.wil.attac.onl.i.i.feel.threatened.a.ca.happe.i.yo .tak.i.b.surpris.an.ste.o.i.accidentall.o.i.yo.tr.t.catc.i.o.pic.i.up.whic.i.dislike.intensely .I.i.hear ing.i.wil.normall.g e.ou.o.th.wa.a.quickl.a.i.can.bu.adder.canno.mov .ver.rapidl.an.ma.attac.befor.movin.i.yo.ar.ver.close. Th.effec.o..bit.varie.considerably .I.depend.upo.severa.things.on.o.whic.i.th.body-weigh.o.th.perso.bitten.Th.big ge.th.person.th.les.harmfu.th.bit.i.likel.t.be.whic.i.wh.childre.suffe.fa.mor.seriousl.fro.snak.bite.tha.adults..health.perso .wil.als.hav .bette.resistanc.agains.th.poison. V ery few people actually die from snakebites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness. 16. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.Th.adde.i.th.onl.poisonou.snak.i.Britain. B.I.Scotlan.ther.ar.n.othe.snake.excep.th.adder. C.Snak.bite.see.mor.dangerou.tha.the.actuall.are. D.People ’.attempt.a.emergenc.treatmen.ar.utterl.unnecessary . 17. Adder.ar.mos.likel.t.b.foun._______. A.i.wilde.part.o.Britai.an.Ireland B.i.Scotlan.an.nowher.else n.throughou.Britain D.i.shad.field.i.England18. W e are told that British snakes are _____. A.afrai.o.huma.beings B.poisonou.includin.th.adder C.dangerou.excep.th.adder D.friendl.toward.huma.beings班级____________________ 学号______----------------------------------------密-------------------------------------《商务英语阅读》试题（A 卷）第 7 页 共8页《商务英语写阅读》试题（A 卷） 第 8 页 共8页密封线19. When will the adder not attack you? A.Whe.yo.tr.t.catc.it.B.Whe.yo.ar.som.distanc.awa.fro.it.C.Whe.yo.happe.t.ste.o.it.D.Whe.yo.tr.t.pic.i.up.20. If an adder hears you coming, it will usually ______. A.attac.yo.immediately B.disappea.ver.quickly C.wai.t.frighte.you D.mov .ou.o.th.way B.Drunke.Drivers.C.Drunke.Pedestria.Accidents.D..Sever.Highwa.Safet.Problem.。

Unit 1Practice 1因特网的发明，无疑是为人类提供了一大福利。

网络使人们的生活更加舒服容易。

不论是搜索引擎、合作软件还是社交平台，敲几下键盘你就能够知道世界各地发生的事情。

与十五到二十年前的生活相比，这是一个巨大转变。

便携式计算机和智能手机的出现加速了传统办公环境向更加多样化办公场所的转变。

Practice 2移动办公通过WiFi 连接及4G 网络为用户提供方便、即时、可靠、价格合理的通讯解决方案。

人们可以在任何时间、任何地点，通过移动电话、笔记本电脑、平板电脑等终端上网、办公、收发信息。

现如今越来越多的员工成为了移动办公人员，享受着传统办公环境界限的改变所带来的利益。

Practice 3任何在国外出差的人都知道旅途中是无法可避免时间浪费的。

乘车前往机场，经过安检，等待登机就会用掉好几个小时。

正如所有生产力的关键一样，让商务旅行的更有效率主要依赖于时间利用效率。

如果你愿意有意识地努力去利用在旅途中丢失的时间，一个很好的方法就是创建一个便携办公室，它本质上是一个你目前的办公室的精简版，让你获得所有你工作时需要用到的东西。

Practice 4移动办公为人们提供了方便、随意的办公环境。

有了移动办公室，员工们能够节省大量用于上下班路上的时间。

它还帮助员工更好高效地管理他们的工作量。

当员工在办公室里工作的时候，必定会有各种会议和来访者打扰他们工作，分散他们的注意力。

但是如果员工可以将他们的办公室带到他们所去的任何地方，他们很容易就能避免这些打扰，专注于他们的工作。

Practice 5不用说，当你组建一个便携式办公室时，你需要一台笔记本电脑;如果可以的话，选择重量比较轻的电脑——这样便于携带。

Practice 6如果你不知道你需要达到什么目标，那么坐下来工作也是没有用的。

我们建议使用像Trello 或Evernote 这样的应用程序在多个设备上同步，这意味着你可以从你的桌面电脑、笔记本电脑、甚至你的移动设备上访问你的笔记和待办事项列表。

Bull market :牛市 bear market熊市 budget 预算balance sheet资产负债表income statement收益表。

损益表 working capital 周转资金inventory control 库存控制。

储量控制quality assurance 质量保证just-in-time delivery 适时原料输送multinational corporations 跨国公司commercial paper 商业票据leverage 借款投机。

杠杆作用market segmentation 市场细分distribution channels销售渠道exclusive distribution独家经销competitive advantage 竞争优势product differentiation产品差异化break-even Point 盈亏临界点。

保本点brand 牌名，品牌intellectual property 知识财产agency 代理breach of contract合同horizontal organization 横向管理体系division of labor职责分工downsizing 裁员flextime 弹性工作制board of directors 董事会chief executive officer 首席执行官acquisition 收购employee stock options 职工股票先购权performance appraisal system 工作表现评估制gross domestic product国内生产总值profit 利润supply供给sole proprietorship独资企业unlimited liability 无限责任shareholders 股东。

股票持有人equilibrium price均衡价格，平衡价格pure competition 纯自由竞争oligopoly 寡头垄断monopoly垄断fiscal policy 财政政策democratic leader 民主型领导crisis management 危机管理private corporation 私营企业subsidiary corporation附属公司，子公司中译英翻译题一：大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。

四川省自考商务英语阅读复习商务英语阅读复习Part I Multiple choice1. I was essentially working under your leadership.A. profoundlyB. enduringlyC. basicallyD. necessarily2. If you have food delivered to your door through online grocers, many archive your recent purchases, so you don’t have to recreate a shopping list every time you order.A. activateB. recordC. discountD. subtract3. Net links let them browse through dozens of photos of hotel rooms, check out a variety of gold necklace, or take cyber tours of scores of homes for sale.A. virtualB. actualC. viciousD. virtuous4. Traditional homes were torn down and venerable trees were uprooted for the building of the five-star hotels, which was dubbed by the municipal “the Economy-Impetus Project”.A. publicizedB. preachedC. criticizedD. named5. He unleashed a torrent of complaints about his colleague, who would flare up at the slightest provocation.A. lodgedB. releasedC. ignoredD. submitted6. The company secured $ 12.7m in second-round funding from Index Ventures and other investors.A. gainedB. curedC. segregatedD. secluded7. We were taught to reminisce the misery of the past and contrast it with the happiness of today.A. reflectB. recallC. relateD. resume8. Fail ure to ask the question of “what needs to be done?” will render even the ablest executive ineffectual.A. deduceB. makeC. considerD. reduce9. The boss of this operation was a brilliant but eccentric man.A. peculiarB. particularC. boringD. poignant10. The stock exchange is plagued by volatility and frequentrumors of trading by politically linked parties.A. anarchyB. asperityC. inflationD. instability11. We have learned to appreciate those of life’s pleasures that are not readily available in that out-of-the-way hometown.A. realizeB. valueC. acknowledgeD. belittle12. The company has fine-tuned their new-born product in the hope of getting a stronger footing in this cut-throat competition.A. adjustedB. canonizedC. disseminatedD. launched13. The sales velocity surprises even experienced real-estate players, who told me at sales inaugural that they doubted Trump would gain enough momentum.A. swiftnessB. stagnancyC. velographD. lull14. University of Virginia analyst Larry Sabato says the Democrats will also try to capitalize on Obama’s early opposition to the war in Iraq.A. count onB. take advantage ofC. boast ofD. appeal to15. Some scientists observe that most hazardous chemical, as well as radiation, notonly are harmless as low doses – but may actually do a body good.A. witnessB. honorC. declareD. obey16. The newspaper featured the story of the sensational event.A. highlightedB. avoidedC. exaggeratedD. reported17. Mr. Brown, endowed with amazing perseverance and filial piety, has accomplished great success with his inconceivable efforts.A. equippedB. coupledC. bequeathedD. embellished18. The accumulation of knowledge on the art of an individual, rather than proceeding from intermittent efforts, lies in his unremitting devotion to books and related materials.A. utilizationB. digestionC. acquisitionD. amassing19. Our attempts to surmount the Himalayas last Saturdaywere thwarted by the unexpected blizzard, a destructive threat to the mountaineers.A. adjournedB. hinderedC. nullifiedD. rescinded20. Each generation of towns prayed in aid some planning maxim.A. maximumB. standardC. proverbD. phrasePart II Error Identification1. The farther away you job is from manual work, the more important it will be thatA B Cyou know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking.D2. It wasn’t until the 18th century when man realized that the whole of the brainA Bwas involved in the working of the mind.C D3. All of us, without excepting for those who know more about the subject, shouldA B C Dstudy.4. In 1904, the writer was born in Berhamsted Hertfordshire, which was too a smalltown to be on the map.D5. Newer business-orienting social networking sites like LinkedIn provide similarlyA Bfertile recruiting territory, supplying access to the contracts of thousands of people.C D6. Intangible assets, ranging from a skilled workforce to patents to know-how,A Baccount half of the market capitalization of A merica’s public companies.C D7. As election approaches members are very impatient to networking their fences –A B Cthat is to make preparations for a re-nomination.D8. The boy cannot seem to do anywhere but dream about what it would be likeA Bto drive that new racing-care.C D9. She failed mentioning that the men were always conscious of the dangersA Binvolved and that the women were saddened by the breaking of home ties.10. It is her usual working style –deliberate in counsel, prompt in action that hasA B convinced us that she should take in important missionsC D11. For the past five years relations between the two neighboring countries hadn’tA B Camount to much.D12. However, due to his deteriorating health, the doctor has had to order him toA B Cabstain cigar and beer.D13. As he had heart attack, he was told that he needn’t continue the work.A B C D14. Not until I began to work, didn’t I realize how much time I had wasted.A B C D15. Oracle has acquired the other three vendors, and plans to replace all of theirA Bsoftware with integrated versions that won’t be compatible to older versions.C D16. It contradicts the idea which carcinogenic chemicals pose risk at any dose, noA B Cmatter how low.D17. I spent all my savings, due to the unexpected disaster, soI had to ask for a rise soA B C that I could bail it off.D18. John was really lucky that he picked a winning number in the lottery on the firstA Bdraw, while I tried three times for no avail.C D19. It is her usual working style –deliberate in counsel, prompt in action that hasA B convinced us that she should take in important missionsC D20. She failed mentioning that the men were always conscious of the dangersA Binvolved and that the women were saddened by the breaking of home ties.C DPart III Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.When doing business in Japan, it is essential that you should have sufficiently deep specialist knowledge of the product you are trying to sell, and be able to answer all the questions that a Japanese person may put to you. One often finds that people such as dealers and traders who have not themselves produced the goods lack sufficient knowledge of their merchandise. As insuch a case you will have been requested by a maker to market their products, you should make sure beforehand that you have acquired sufficient knowledge of the product. It is not acceptable in Japan to say that you will get back to someone after checking with the manufacturer about something.Products suitable for a miscellany of uses but nothing in particular will not sell well in the Japanese market just because they are made from materials that are particularly unique to your country. You should instead adopt a more conservative approach and suggest only a limited number of suitable uses. That way, the product will have scarcity value.You should not think that all the materials used in your own country can be used and will sell in Japan. Coconut fiber and coconut dust, for example, are too unusual to sell well. Demand for such products really only exists among mattress manufacturers. Flowerpot holders and other things made from such materials are sold in Japan as finished products.Never forget that Japan has four seasons, and that products should be made to suit these seasons. A certain Japanese company imported a ballpoint pen from a country in Asia where it is summer all year round. In Japan, however, the ink leaks in the summer and will not run in the winter, making it impossible to write. The company as a result received nothing but complaints. It is just one example of a product that works perfectly well in its country of origin, but is defective when exposed to the four seasons of Japan.Japan still has a few import tariff quotas that you should be aware of. In the case of products affected by import quotas, such as seaweed, leather shoes, ground fish meat etc., companies are not allowed to import unless they have previously applied for animport quota by the government. In the case of tariff quotas, imports up to a certain amount are subject to a low tariff, which is then approximately doubled when this total is exceeded. Products affected by tariff quotas include natural cheese and canned pineapple. Always keep in touch with your importer in Japan so that you do not suddenly find that your products can no longer be imported or are subject to hugely increased tariffs.1. To sell products in Japan, a trader should know his merchandise well because .A. He is supposed to answer all the questions about the product if askedB. it is impossible for him to go back to ask the manufacturerC. he will be requested to market the productD. generally a trader must be knowledgeable2. According to the passage, a product will have value in Japan if it .A. can not serve many purposesB.has a particular useC. is in short supplyD.is not very expensive3. It is implied in the passage that .A. New and extraordinary products sell well on the Japanese marketB. Japanese consumers tend to be conservativeC. In the summer it is exceptionally hot in JapanD. Food is especially subject to a high tariff4. The example of the ballpoint shows that .A. Certain products from some countries in Asia may not sell well in JapanB. Four seasons of Japan make it difficult to write with aballpointC. products should be adapted to different situationsD. companies selling ballpoints in Japan received only complaints5. Keeping in touch with an importer in Japan can .A. find your products no longer be imported or are subject to hugely increased tariffsB. Help you apply for an import quota to the governmentC. create opportunities to cut tariffs on your productsD. Keep you well informed about Japan’s import ta riff quotasPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.A religious campaign to block the teaching of evolutionary biology is taking a strong grip on the United States. A survey published in Scientific American shows that the doctrine of creationism – which holds that the origins of humanity and the Earth are recent and were created by God –is spreading in the world’s greatest technological nation at surprising rate. Ridiculous is the fact that more and more states are restricting the teaching of evolution in schools.The journal says that a 45% Americans now believe that God created life some time in the past 10,000 years, despite research that has established the universe as being 13 billion years old and that men and women are descended from apelike ancestors. Even among US Catholics, 40% still insist God created human life a few thousand years ago – even though the Pope said in 1996 that he was not against the theory of evolution.“At the time, newspapers in Mississippi wrote that this proved the Pope was t oo old and should be ignored,”saidAmanda Chesworth, head of the anti-creationist Darwin Day group. “Creationism is spreading further and further. It now has missionaries across the world and even has bases in Russia and Turkey.”In 1990, Kansas board of education voted to block mention of Darwin in its schools, but members were voted out and their anti-evolution policy was reversed.But creationists have quietly achieved victories in schools in northern states such as Illinois, Ohio and Wisconsin. Ohio is considering banning evolution teaching, and even New York and Massachusetts are turning against evolution.Scientific American believes that the content of textbooks and lesson plans in schools is already being affected by creationism. Ms. Chesworth agrees. She said that the United States went from the earth to the Moon a few years ago, and discovered these worlds date back billions of years. Now this nation is sticking its head in the sand, saying that the whole lot was made in a flash a few thousands of years ago. Those creationists even argue that dinosaurs and humans co-existed. Ms. Chesworth regards this development as unhealthy.6. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. the increasing influence of creationism in U.S. schools.B. evolutionists’ defeating creationistsC. confrontation between evolutionists and creationists.D. peaceful co-existence of evolutionists and creationists.7. What is the Pope’s attitude towards the theory of evolution?A. He is too old to judge it.B. He is firmly against it.C. He tolerates it.D. He leaves that mater to his successor.8. What was the final result of the Scopes trial?A. Tennessee’s supreme court corrected its own mistake.B. Scopes achieve an out-of-court settlement.C. Scopes was fined $ 100.D. The f inal ruling was in Scopes’ favor.9. Scientific American has observed that ______.A. creationists have quietly retreated from schools in northern states.B. creationism has had its impact on school educationC. Ms. Chesworth’s judgment is incorrect.D. the world’s greatest technological nation rejects creationism.10. From the passage we can feel that the writer ______.A. reports that situation of creationism and evolutionism objectivelyB. is sad about the rapid popularity of the doctrine of evolutionismC. is worried about the rapid spread of the doctrine of creationismD. supports creationists although not very stronglyPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Personnel is the most important factor in the hotel and catering business. The quality of the product is largely defined by the quality of the personnel. It is one of the most important management tasks to employ people in such a way that the goals of the company are reached optimally. On the one hand this means that a lot of attention has to be paid to the acquisition of good personnel (personnel management) and on the other handthat the way the employees are stimulated to work (the style of management) has to be a conscious choice. To be a good manager one has to know how to motivate employees, in other words, which needs and aims do the employees have. People work to meet their physical and psychological needs and avoid matters that frustrate their needs. For one employee this means earning a lot of money, for another many contacts with people of varied work. Every employee will show the conduct with which he can reach his aim and satisfy his needs. When somebody starts to work in a company the first thing he is interested in is the company and his position in it as far as it helps him to reach own aims. To involve people in the company, the company plan and the company aims, the manager has to show them the link between reaching their own aim and aspiring to the company’s aim.11. What do you think is the key element in the hotel business?A. The hotel location .B. The hotel market.C. The hotel products.D. The hotel personnel.12. The most important task of the hotel management is _____.A. to manage well the employees to realize the company’s goalB. to manage well the capitalC. to manage well the establishmentD. to manage well the guests.13. Motivation means _____.A. giving more money to the staffB. providing a good environmentC. learning and satisfying the desire of the staffD. sending the staff to play or travel14. What does a new staff care when he begins his work?A. His working conditionsB. His job positions.C. His salary.D. His company and his positions15. From the scheme, we can understand _____.A. the employee’s needsB. the management methodC. the company’s aimD. the employee’s aimPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Every organization has internal a nd external customer. Internal customers are an organization’s employees and it is important that they put the same focus on customer care in their interaction with each other as they would with external customers. For example, when I contact the accounts department or service desk at Sunrise, I expect to be treated as a customer. Similarly, when employees contact me I aim to treat them as customers and apply the same principles to them as I would to external customers such as business partners and suppliers. If employees do not feel that they are being valued and treated with respect, this can have a massive impact on the success of the organization. Similarly, if a supplier is treated badly it will soon get back to an organization’s customers, which will damage the reputation of the organization. In short, a customer is anyone who can affect my business in anyway.Both internal and external customers who are happy with the service they are receiving will recommend the organization to others. They are also likely to have a certain degree of loyalty and satisfaction with the company, which would prevent them from going to a competitor. Everybody has heard terrible tales of poor customer service and the expression “repetitions of a wrong piece of information would sound believable” could not be truer.But it is worse than that, poor customer service means a poor reputation, which organizations cannot afford to have. And in the current climate, greater choice means that service levels have to be even higher to retain customers. Potential and existing customers can easily go to a competitor with a good reputation and they certainly do not have to tolerate bad service. It is worth bearing in mind that good or bad it is the customers’ perception that counts!We all know how frustrating it is to ring up an organization with a query(疑问）and for it to take forever to have it resolved. It is particularly annoying for existing customers who are paying for a service. It is crucial that organizations keep customers updated on how near their query or complaint is to being resolved. Companies that cut costs in the short term and sacrifice “excellent” customer care as a result will soon realize that they will lose out financially in the long term. Customers who do not feel valued and cannot get the answers they require will soon take their business elsewhere.16. The employees of a company should be regarded as customers, because .A. the author prefers to be treated as a customer in his own companyB. it will have a good effect on businessC. they will resign and go back to an organization’s customerD. their external customers will learn the fact and damage the reputation of the organization17. Internal and external customers are both important, because of all the following reasons EXCEPT .A. Both of them will recommend the company to other peopleB. Both of them tend to develop a kind of loyalty to the organization they likeC. Both of them are difficult to satisfyD. Both of them have a desire to be valued and respected18. The underlined word “retain” in Paragraph 2 possibly means .A. keepB. trainC. attractD. abandon19. According to Paragraph 3, it is of utmost importance for the company to .A. answer customers’ queries and resolve them immediatelyB. avoid annoying their customers by claiming payment for the serviceC. keep their customer service excellent and modernD. Keep the customers informed of the possible solutions to their queries20. What can you infer from the passage?A. Excellent customer service can help cut costs.B. External customers are more important than internalcustomers.C. Customers’ perception counts more mon ey than their satisfaction and loyalty.D. The supreme principle for customer care is to make customers feel valued.Passage 5Questions 21to 25 are based on the following passage.Film is a medium that might have been especially made for America, a vast country which, by the beginning of the twentieth century, had a large immigrant population, many of whom could hardly speak English. These people would have had little use for the theatre, even if they lived within easy distance of one, or for most of the books they could all understand, so what America had more than any European country was a huge captive audience, a large proportion of them pretty well uneducated. And what these people wanted were simple stories in which, irrespective of the fact they coul dn’t understand the captions, the action told all.In feeding the growing demand for screen entertainment, America was greatly helped by the First World War, Between 1914 and 1918 the making of films was not exactly high on the list of any European country’s priorities. Films continued to be made but not to the same extent as before, and to fill the gap in foreign imports, America had to increase its own production. By the end of the decade, with Hollywood now firmly established as the centre of the industry, America was well on its way to monopolizing the world market.But if by the beginning of the 1920s America wsx the world leader in film production, it was not then nor has it been since in the lead when it comes to developing film as an art form.Hollywood is not interested in aret; it is interested in money and the two rarely go together. To Hollywood, film is, and really always has been, an industry. There is nothing about this attitude that should make us look down on it. The maker of decent, serviceableand mass-produced furniture is not to be looked down on because he isn’t Chippendale (一种18世纪英国华丽装饰家具). You might wish he were, but that is another matter. So Hollywood quickly recognized film as an entertainment medium with a unique ability to put people onto seats and money in the pockets of producers, distributors and cinema managers and, mostly, left it to other countries to develop its potential as an art form. Passage 3Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Population pressures have always shaped human history. The connections are not always obvious, however, because they may be quite slow-acting. Consider how construction of the Great Wall of China ultimately led to the sack of Rome.In the third century B.C., a civilization of nomadic warriors flourished in Mongolia. The Chinese called these people Hsiang-Nu, but in the west, they became known as the Huns. As their population increased, the Huns gradually moved south, and began to attack China.The Chinese responded by building the Great Wall. The Huns continued to attack around the Wall, and theChinese ultimately had to extend their defenses. They captured and strengthened the Tarim Basin all the way to foothills of the Pamir Mountains. Unable to penetrate this barrier, the Huns were forced west into Central Asia.A few centuries later, another group of nomadic warriors arose in Mongolia. The Chinese called these people the Juan-Juan, but modern historians call them the Avars. The Avars also attacked south, were unable to penetrate the Great Wall, and were forced west.In Central Asia, the Avars collided with the Huns. The Avars, with a major technological advantage defeated the Huns and drove them further west. At the Dniester River, the Huns collided with the Goths, who were being held out of the Roman Empire by a combination of treaties, bribes, and Roman Legions. When the Huns fell on the Goths, they killed them in great numbers, and drove the survivors across the river into Roman territory.Once the Goths had penetrated the Empire, they found it an empty shell. They smashed through southern Europe, crushed the remaining Roman Legions, and sacked the capital in 410 C.D.26.According to the passage, the Huns invaded China mostly as the result of .A. food scarcityB. Their natureC. Population pressureD. China’s backwardnes s27. The Great Wall was built because .A. the Chinese replied to the Huns on the Great WallB. the Chinese wanted to prevent the enemies from entering ChinaC. the Great Wall was the symbol of ancient civilizationD. the Great Wall was built to separate China from Mongolia28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The sack of Rome by the Goths.B. The collision between the Goths and the Huns.C. The collision between the Huns and Avars.D. The collision between the Goths and the Avars.29. According to the passage, what happened at the Dniester River?A. The Huns defeated the Goths.B. The Huns entered Rome along with the Goths.C. The Goths were kept there by the Huns.D. The Avars entered Rome after the victory.30. Which of the following may best summarize the passage?A. The Huns population growth ultimately led to the sack of Rome by the Goths.B. The Great Wall worked as the evidence of the Huns’ attack on China.C. The Goths sacked the Roman Empire as the result of the defeat by the Huns.D. Both Huns and the Avars invaded China because nomadic warriors flourished in Mongolia.Part IV Term TranslationA. English to Chinese1. the council of Economic Advisers2. mathematical economics3. apparel company4. career counseling5. training budget6. bull market7. word processing8. gross profit9. public relations firm10. mobile devicesB. Chinese to English1. 财务部门2. 风险投资公司3. 市场研究员4. 管理基金5. 消费者调查6. 投资周期7. 股票经纪人8. 搜索引擎9. 库存10. 价格弹性Part V Sentence translationA. English to Chinese1. I t’s the kind of innovation we’ve come to expect from the likes of Yahoo and Google.2. A wise man does not fight when the odds are against him.3. In the age of customers empowered by blogs and social media, Dell has leapt from worst to first.4. They claim true happiness comes more in the striving to fulfill desires than in the attainment.5. To illustrate this, we assume that a corporation had 10 shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of the year.6. What was John doing out there, and in partnership with people who had failed on his own hands?7. If the prize is an increase in levels of commitment right across the workforce, then the answer is yes.8. Its latest development is a series of time-limited offers from other online merchants after the conclusion of a purchase.9. V oting as a group made it more difficult to be panicked into selling when prices fell or selling when prices shot up.10. He wouldn’t be able to make the sale until he could give the advertiser a solid number.B. Chinese to English1. 你要是做那件事，必将以耻辱告终。