A.W.Phillips (1958) “The relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in the united kingdom, 18611957,” Economica 25
Inflation, Unemployment, and the Phillips Curve
How can small menu costs explain recessions?
Externalities to price adjustment p↓ P ↓ (M/P) ↑ LM shift outward “AD externality”
New Keynesian Economics
Expectations and Inflation Inertia
e 1
1 ( n )
“Why is our money ever less valuable? Perhaps it is simply that we have inflation because we expect inflation, and we expect inflation because we had it.”
74
80,81
75
79
73
71
69
72 89
76
84 97
92 86
61
82,83
u
Phillips Curve
Inflation rate depends on ① Expected inflation
② The deviation of unemployment from the natural rate (cyclical unemployment)