有机化学英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳2 Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S 命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E 异构体Z isomer Z 异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R 基团Pro-S proup 前S 基团Re face Re 面Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液3Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物4Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应5Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力6I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugatebase单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugatebase双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对7Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助作用8Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02．3 有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化9Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除10Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化11Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移12Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2．4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜13Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈14Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇15Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃Aromatic compound 稠环化合物Arene 芳香化合物Alkylbenzene 芳烃Bibenzyl 烷基苯Aiaryl 联苄Biphenyl 联芳Biphenyl 联苯Indene 茚Fluorene 芴fulvene 富烯cyclophane 环芳Acene 并苯Helicene 螺旋烃Aryne 芳炔Annulene 烨烯Dewar benzene 杜瓦苯Benzvalene 盆苯Barrelene 桶烯Azulene ？Diazo compound 重氮化合物diazonium salt 重氮盐Diazohydroxide 重氮氢氧化物Azo cimpound 偶氮化物Hydrazo compound 氢化偶氮化物Azoxy compound 氧化偶氮化合物Phenol 酚Hydroquinone 氢醌Quinhydrone 醌Quinhydrone 醌氢醌Semiquinone 半醌Benzoin 苯偶姻Benzil 偶苯酰Heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物Furan 呋喃16Pyrrole 吡咯Thiophene 噻吩Porphyrin 卟啉Pyridene 吡啶Piperidine 哌啶Oxazole ？唑Azlactone 二氢？唑酮Pyrazole 吡唑Imidazole 咪唑Thiazole 噻唑Oxazine ？嗪Diazine 二嗪Diketopiperazine 哌嗪二酮Sydnone 悉尼酮Triazole 三唑Triazine 三嗪Indole 吲哚Quinoline 喹啉Isoquinoline 异喹啉Flavone 黄酮Isoflavone 异黄酮Chalcone 查耳酮Azepine 氮杂？Addition compound 加合化合物Organometallic 有机金属化合物Grignard reagent 格氏试剂Ferocene 二？铁Sandwich compound 夹心化合物Chloroborane 氯硼烷Phosphine 膦Phosphonium salt ？盐Arsine 胂Ylide 叶立德Nitrogen ylide 氮叶立德Sulfur ylide 硫叶立德Phosphorus ylide 磷叶立德Arsenic ylide 砷叶立德Lipid 类脂Phospholipid 磷脂Essential oil 精油Terpene 萜Monoterpene 单萜Sesquiterpene 倍半萜17Diterpene 二萜Triterpene 三萜carotene 胡萝卜素Steroid 甾族化合物Sex hormone 性激素Pheromone 信息素Phytohormone 植物激素Alkaloid 生物碱2．5 有机化学分析和方法Charge-transfer spectrum 电荷转移光谱Chemical shift reagent 化学位移试剂Polarized light 偏振光Specific rotation 比旋光Molar rotation 摩尔旋光Circularly polarized light 圆偏振光Optical rotatory dispersion 旋光色散Circular dichroism 圆二色性Octant rule 八区规则Cotton effect 卡滕效应Plain curve 平坦曲线Resolution 拆分Optical purity 光学纯度Enantiomeric excess,ee 对映体过量Diasteromeric excess,de 非对映体过量Synthesis 合成Retrosynthesis 逆合成Total synthesis 全合成Formal synthesis 中继合成Partial synthesis 部分合成Relay synthesis 接替合成Tandem reaction sequence 连续反应过程Synthon 合成子Chiron,chiral building block 手性子Asymmetric synthesis 不对称合成Asymmetric induction 不对称诱导Optical induction 光学诱导Chiral induction 手性诱导Chiral reagent 手性试剂Chiral catalyst 手性催化剂Chiral solvent 手性溶剂Chiral auxiliary [reagent] 手性助剂Topochemistry 拓扑化学Biomimetic synthesis 仿生合成18Protecting group 保护基Umpolung 极反转Linear synthesis 线性合成Convergent synthesis 汇集合成03．分析化学03．1 一般术语Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitative analysis 定量分析Chemical analysis 化学分析Instrumental analysis 仪器分析Classical analysis 经典分析Systematic analysis 系统分析Routine analysis 常规分析Referee analysis,arbitration ana-lysis 仲裁分析Macro analysis 常量分析Semimicro analysis,meso analysis 半微量分析Mcro analysis 微量分析Ultramicro analyisis,submicro analysis 超微量分析Trace analysis 痕量分析Ultratrace analysis 超痕量分析Wet method,wet way 湿法Dry mithod,dry way 干法Indirect mithod 间接法Reagent 试剂Reagent grade 试剂级别Guaranteed reagent,G.R. 保证试剂Analytical reagent,A.R. 分析纯Chimically pure,C.P. 化学纯Identification 鉴定Detection 检出Confirmatory test 证实试验Determination 测定Measurement 测量Separation 分离Calibration 校准Correction 校正Recovery 回收Mesh [筛]目Sampling 取样Quartering 四分[法]Sample 试样Reference material,RM 标准物质Primary standard 一级标准19Secondary standard 二级标准Selectivity 选择性Selective reagent 选择[性]试剂Specific reagent 特效试剂Mole 摩尔Stock solution 储备溶液Test solution 试液Fusion 熔融Rlux 熔剂Air drying 风干Weighing 称量Constant weight 恒量Aliquot 等分部分Residue 残渣Ash 灰分Misture content 含湿量Cleaning solution 洗涤液Mauor constituent 主成分Minor constituent 少量成分Trace constituent 痕量成分Trial-and error method 尝试法Analytical balance 分析天平Single pan balance 单盘天平Air-damped balance [空气]阻尼天平Electronic balance 电子天平Semimicro [analytical]balance 半微量天平Micro[analytical]balance 微量天平Ultramicro[analytical ]balance 超微量天平Torsion balance 扭力天平Weights 砝码Rider 游码Filter paper 滤纸Test paper 试纸PH paper PH 试纸Erlenmeyer flask 锥形瓶Volumetric flask [容]量瓶Weighing bottle 称量瓶Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Sintered-glass filter crucible [烧结]玻璃砂[滤]？锅Iven,drying over 烘箱Water bath 水浴Hot plate 电热板Magnetic stirrer 洗瓶20Iodine flask [电]磁搅拌器Iodine flaski 碘瓶Reagent bottle 试剂瓶03．2 化学计量学Chemometrics 化学计量学Accuracy 准确度Sensitivity 灵敏度Precision 精密度Repeatability 重复性Reproducibility 再现性Detection limit 检出限Determination limit 测定限Signal-noise ratio 信噪比Background 背景Blank 空白Uncertainty 不确定度Tolerance limitc 容许限Confidence limit 置信限Confidence interval 置信区间Confidence coefficient 置信系数Population 总体Sample 样本individual 个体Random variable 随机变量Fixed variable 固定变量Standardization 标准化Friquency 频数Histogram 直方图Frequency distribution 频数分布Class interval 组距Probability 概率Probability density 概率密度Nirmal distribution 正态分布Nonnormal distribution,abnormal distribution 非正态分布Log transformation 对数变换Normalization 正态化F-distribution F分布t-distribution T分布X2-distribution X2 分布Binomial distribution 二项式分布Poisson’s distribution 泊松分布Uniform distritution 均匀平布True value 真值21Value of expectation 期望值Observed value,measured value 观测值Unbiased estimator 无偏估计值Sample value 样本值Population mena 总体[平] 均值Sample mean 样本[平]均植Veighted mean 加权[平]均植Median 中位值Variability 变异性Variation within laboratory 组内变异性Variation between alboratories 组间变异性Error 误差Random error 随机误差Systematical error 系统误差Bias 偏倚Gross 过失误差Absolute error 绝对误差Relative error 相对误差Standard eror 标准误差Deviation 偏差Residual 残差Population deviation 总体偏差Sample deviation 样本偏差Arithmetic average deviation [算术]平均偏差Standardard deviation 标准[偏]差Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Relative deviation 相对偏差Relative standard deviation 相对标准[偏]差Pooled standard deviation 合并标准[偏]差Tolerance error 容许误差Variance 方差Population Variance 总体方差Sample variance 样本方差Pooled variance 合并方差Variance within laboratory 组内方差Variance between laboratories 组间方差Residual variance 残余方差Covariance 协方差Range 极差Statistical test 统计检验Hypothesis Test 假设检测Significance test 显著性检验Significance level 显著性水平22Significant difference 显著性差异One-tailed test 单侧检验Two-atailed test 双侧检验Test statistic 检验统计量Parameter test 参数检验Nonparameter test 非参数检验Parameter estimation 参数估计Point estimation 点估计Interval estimation 区间估计Null hypothesis 零假设Alternative hypothesis 备择假设Critical value 临界值Acceptance region 接受域Rejection region 舍弃域Statistical inference 统计推断Error of the first kind,type 1error 第一类错误Error of the second kind,type 2error 第二类错误Extremum value 极值Outlier 异常值Sing test 符号检验Dixon’s test method 狄克松检验法Grubbs’test method 格鲁布斯检验法Cochrane’s test method 柯奇拉检验法t-test T检验F-test F检验X2-test,chi-square test X2 检验Homoscedasticity,homogeneity of variance 方差齐性Sum of squares of residues,resi dual sum of squares残差平方和Regression sum of squares 回归平方和Additivity of sum of squares 平方和加和性Analysis of variance,ANOVA 方差分析Cross classification 交叉分组Multiple comparisons 多重比较Paired comparison 成对比较Random factor 随机因素Fixed factor 固定因素Controllable factor 可控因素Level of factor 因素水平Pseudo leval 拟水平Factorial effect 因素效应Main effect 主效应Two-factor interaction,simple interaction 二因子交互效应23Positive correlation 正相关Negative correlation 负相关Correlation test 相关性检验Correlation analysis 相关分析Correlation coefficient 相关系数Total correlationCorrelation 全相关系数Partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数Regression analysis 回归分析Curve fitting 曲线拟合Least square fitting 最小二乘法拟合Weighted least square method 加权最小二乘法Goodness of fit 拟合优度Regression equation 回归方程Regression curve 回归曲线Regression surface 回归曲面Regression coefficient 回归系数Partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数Standar4dized regression coeffi-cient 标准回归系数Linear regression 线性回归Non-linear regression 非线性回归Stepwise regression 逐步回归Weighted regression 加权回归Polynomial regression 多项式回归Parallel displacement of curve 曲线平移Calibration curve 校正曲线Linearity range 线性范围Experimental design 实验设计Randomized blie 随机区组设计Factorial experiment 析因实验Latin square design 拉丁方设计Orthogonal table,orthogonal layout 正交表Homogeneous design 均匀设计Simplex oqtimization 单纯形优化Simple simplex 基本单纯形Modified simplex 改进单纯形Step sixe,step width 步长Variable step size 可变步长Reflection 反射Expansion 扩展Whole contraction 整体收缩Optimal estimate 量优估计Optimal value 最优值Optimal block design 最优区组设计24Local optimization 局部优化Constrained optimization 有约束优化Constrained condition 约束条件Sequential search 序贯寻优Gradient search 梯度寻优Steepest ascent 最速上升法Steepest descent 最速下降法Holeen cut method 黄金分割法Mimimum residual method 最小残差法Iterative method 迭代法Recurrence method 递推法Successive approximate method 逐次近似法Monte Carlo method 蒙特卡罗法Quality control 质量控制Control chart 控制图Central line,CL 中心线X-control chart 平均值控制图R-control chart 极差控制图Upper alarm limit 上警告限Lower alarm limit 下警告限Upper control limit,UCL 下控制限Lower control limit,LCL 下控制限Rankom sampling 随机抽样Proportional sampling 比例抽样Systematic sampling 系统抽样Sequential sampling 序贯抽样Sequential sampling 序贯分析Sampling inspection 抽样检验Sample size,sample capacity 样本[容]量Random sample 随机样本Randomization 随机化Raw data 原始数据Coded data 编码数据Array 数组Data handling,data processing 数据处理Flow chart,flow diagram 程序框图Significant figrue 有效数字Rounding off method 修约方法Round-off error 修约误差Cluster analysis 聚类分析Discriminant analysis 判别分析Factor analysis 因子分析Generalized standard addition 广义标准加入法25 Method 模式识别Pattern recognition 矩阵Correlation matrix 相关矩阵Eigenvector 特征向量Eigenvalue 特征值Information 信息Information content 信息容量Information efficiency 信息效率Information profitability 信息效益Specific information price 信息比价0．33 化学分析Gravimetry,gravimetric analysis 重量分析法Titrimetry,titrimetric analysis 滴定[分析]法Titration 滴定Visual titration 目视滴定[法]Stepwise titration 分步滴定[法]Back titration 返滴定[法]Replacement titration 置换滴定[法] Linear titration 线性滴定[法] Logarithmic titration 对数滴定[法]Non-aqueous titration 非水滴定[法] Aquametry 测水[滴定]法Karl Fischer titration 卡尔·费歇尔滴定[法] Acid-base titration 酸碱滴定[法] Acidimetry 酸量法Alkalimetry 碱量法Precipitation titration 沉淀滴定[法] Compleximetry,complexometry,complexomet ricietration络合滴定[法]Chil[at]ometry,chel[at]ometric 螯合商定[法] Redox titration 氧化还原滴定[法]Mohr mithod 莫尔法Volhard method 福尔哈德法Fajans method 法扬斯法Clear point 澄清点Argentimetry 银量法Mercurimetry 汞量法Cyanometric titration 氰量法Permanganate titration 高猛酸钾[滴定]法Dichromate titration 重铬酸钾[滴定]法Cerimetry,cerimetric titration 铈（IN）量法Iodimetry,iodometry 碘量法Bromometry 溴量法26Priodate titration 高碘酸钾[滴]法Thermometric 热滴定[法] Thermometric titration 气体分析Elemental analysis 元素分析Flow in jection analysis,FIA 流动注射分析Vilatilization method,evolution method 挥发法Kjedahl determination 凯氏定氮法Automatic titration 自动滴定Ringoven method 环炉法Drop method 点滴法Spot test 斑点试验Brown ting test 棕环试验Blowpipe test 吹管试验Borax-bead test 吹管试验Borax-bead test 硼砂珠试验Flame test 焰色试验Bead test 熔珠试验Marsh test 马什试验Gutzeit test 古蔡试验Griess test 格里斯试验Silver mirror test 银镜试验Iodoform test 碘仿试验Organic reagent 有机试剂Eriochrome cyanine R 铬花青R Chromotropic acid 变色酸Diantipyrylmethane,4,4’-dianti-pyrinylmethane 二安替比林甲烷Diphenylcar bazide 二苯卡巴肼Diphenylcarbazone 二苯卡巴脘dithizone 二硫腙Cadion 镉试剂Chrome azurol S 铬天青S Chlorosulfophenol s 氯磺酚S2,2’-biquinoline,biquinolyl 联喹啉2,2’-bipyridine,2,2’-bipyridyl 联吡啶brilliant green 亮绿Chloranilic acid 氯冉酸Aluminon 铝试剂Arsenazo Ⅰ偶氮胂ⅠArsenazo Ⅲ偶氮胂ⅢChlorophosphonazo Ⅲ偶氮氯膦ⅢAlizarin 茜素Alizarin complexan,alizarin 茜素红S Neocupferron 新铜铁试剂27Neocuproine 新亚铜试剂Bromopyrogallol red 溴[代]邻苯三酚红Cuproine 亚铜试剂Acetylacetone 乙酰丙铜Nessler reagent 奈斯勒试剂Organic precipitant 有机沉淀剂Arsonic acid 胂酸-benzoinoxime -安息香肟Benzotriazole 苯并三唑Tannin,tannic acid 单宁Isatinoxime 靛红肟Mandelic acid 苦杏仁酸8-quinolinecarboxylic acid,8-carboxyquinoline 8-喹啉羧酸Quinaldic acid 喹哪啶酸Benzidine 联苯胺Pyrogallol 连苯三酚Anthranilic acid 邻氨基苯甲酸5,6-naphthoquinoline 5，6-萘喹啉Tetraphenylarsonium chloride 氯化四苯砷8-hydroxyquinoline,oxine 8-羟基喹啉Metcaptobenzothiazole 巯基喹啉8-mercaptoquinoline 8-巯基喹啉Salicylaldoxime 四苯硼钠Sodium tertraphenylborate,sodium tetraphenylboron水杨醛肟Cupferron 铜铁试剂Nitron 硝酸试剂Cinchonine 辛可宁1-nitroso-2-naphthol 1-亚硝基-2-萘酚N-N-benzoyl-N-phenyl hydroxylamine N-苯甲酰-N-苯基羟胺Diacetyldioxime,dimethylg-lyoxime 丁二酮肟Indicator 指示剂Acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂Adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂Metal indicator ,metallochromic indicator 金属指示剂Oxidation-reduction indicator,redox indicator氧化还原指示剂Mixed indicator 混合指示剂External indicator 外[用]指示剂Fluorescent indicator 荧光指示剂Metalfluorescent indicator 金属荧光指示剂Chemiluminescent indicator 化学发光指示剂Siloxene indicator 硅氧烯指示剂Litmus paper 石蕊试纸28Turmeric paper 姜黄试纸Indicator constant 指示剂常数Indicator constant 指示剂空白Thymol blue,thymolsulfonphthal-ein 百里酚蓝Thymolphthalein 百里酚酞Phenol red ,phenolsulfonphthalein [苯]酚红Phenolphthalein 酚酞Cresol purple 甲酚紫Methyl orange 甲基橙Methyl red 甲基红Methyl yellow 甲基黄Chlorophenol red 氯酚红Alizarin yellow 茜素黄Bromothymol blue 溴百里酚蓝Btomophenol blue 溴酚蓝Btomocresol green 溴甲酚绿Neutral red 中性红Methyl violet 甲基紫Crystal violet 结晶紫Quinaldine red 喹哪啶红Malachite green 孔？[石]绿Nile blue A 尼罗蓝AOrange IV [酸性]四号橙p-ethoxychrysoidine 对乙氧基菊橙Diphenylamine blue 二苯胺蓝Dichlorofluorescein 二氯荧光黄Phenosafranine 酚藏花红Congo red 刚果红Rhodamine 6G 罗丹明6GRose Bengal 玫瑰红Eosin 曙红Thorin 钍试剂Fluorescein 荧光黄Xylenol orange 二甲酚橙Calmagite 钙黄绿素Calconcarboxylic acid 钙指示剂Calcon 钙试剂Eriochrome black A 铬黑AEriochrome black T 铬黑TEriochrome blue black B 铬蓝黑B Eriochrome blue black F 铬蓝黑R Eriochrome violet B 铬紫BMethylthymol blue 甲基百里酚蓝29Metaqlphthalen 金属酞Pyrocatechol violet 邻苯二酚紫1-(2-pyridylazo)-2napthol, PAN 1-（2-吡啶基偶氮）-2-蔡酚4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol, PAN 4-（2-吡啶基偶氮）间苯二酚Zincon 锌试剂Murexide 紫脲酸铵Sulfosalicylic acld 磺基水杨酸Tiron 钛试剂Vaariamine blue 变胺蓝Indigo monosulfonate 靛蓝一磺酸盐Indigo tetrasulfonate 靛蓝四磺酸盐p-nitrodiphenylamine 对硝基二苯胺Sodium diphenylaminesulfonate 二苯胺磺酸钠Forroin 邻菲咯啉亚铁离子Nitroferroin 硝基邻菲咯啉亚铁离子Methylene blue 亚甲蓝Erioglaucine A 罂红AN-phenylanthranilic acid N-苯基邻氨基苯甲酸Complexone 氨羧络合剂Chelating reahent,chelant 螯合试剂Ethylenediamineterraacetic acid,EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸Nitrilotriacetic acid,NTA 氨三乙酸Cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid,CyDTA 环已二胺四乙酸Ethyleneglycolbis(2-aminoethyl-ether)tetraacetic acid,EGTA 乙二醇双（2-氨基乙醚）四。
