《民法总则》与《民法通则》的6大冲突,90%的人没注意到

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曌字的研究报告一、调查缘由同学们，你们知道吗？我们中国的汉字是十分有趣的，汉字不仅是我们进行沟通和交流的工具，还是我国一种独特的文化，但我们也对汉字有很多的问题，如：汉字是怎么变化而成的呢？是谁发明的汉字？为此我做出了一些调查。

二、调查结论我通过调查研究，知道了汉字的由来。

甲骨文就是我国最早的文字，那时都就是象形文字，后来随着朝代的更改，汉字也在出现不断地发生改变，历经多个朝代，汉字不断地演进才构成了我们现在的汉字。

具体地说，汉字是以甲骨文、金文、大篆、小篆、隶书、草书、楷书、行书演变而成的，简略归纳为五个阶段：声、形、象、数、理。

古人之所以发明者汉字，是因为人们须要更好地沟通交流和交流。

直观的结绳记事，绘画记事，已经满足用户没法人们的市场需求。

因为人们真的太麻烦了，所以和古人们就发明者了文字，后来汉字在历史的长河中不断地演化和演进，构成了我们现在的汉字。

三、我的想法我真的中国先民真的就是太聪明了，汉字应该我们每一个中华儿女自豪。

通过不断地演进，现在的汉字十分直观，美观，不愧为就是国家的宝藏。

我们生活在这么好的阳光下，拥有现在这么好的学习环境，我们更应该努力学习，为国添彩，让中国的汉字发扬光大。

一、问题的明确提出：汉字，又称中文，中国字，是汉语的记录录符号，世界上最古老的文字之一，已有六千多年的历史。

我们身边处处是汉字，那汉字的来来源是什么？它是直接写成简体字吗？带着这样的问题，我对汉字的历史进行了一次研究。

二、研究方法：1、查阅书籍2.玩游戏查阅3.询问身边对汉字历史有深入了解的人4.其它方法三.资料整理：来源仓颉造字：在上古时期，人们以绳结记事，而随着文化的发展，就更需要文字。

而大臣仓颉决心创造一种文字。

仓颉日夜思考，到处观察，看尽了天上星宿、山川脉络、鱼虫鸟兽、草木器具，用来描摹绘写，造出种种不一样的符号，并定义了每个符号所代表的意义。

但这不足以为证。

经过考古学家的探究，汉字有可能发明者于太极文化，缔造于刻契，绘画，结绳，编贝......汉字的演变史甲骨文：于于殷商时期，就是我国辨认出的最早的文字，因刻在鸟龟甲壳和牛的肩胖骨上，故称“甲骨文“。

曌解字说文字形曌=（日+月）+（穴+工），读（zhào），日月为明，穴工为空，意为日月当空普照大地。

出处这个“曌”字是宗秦客在她称帝前一年多选的字（“曌”不是武则天所造），资治通鉴里面有记载——永昌元年十一月（689年，这会儿武则天65岁了），凤阁侍郎河东宗秦客，改“天”“地”等十二字以献，丁亥，行之。

太后自名“曌”，改诏曰制。

据说武则天在寺院时法号明空，后来她被接回宫后就有了“曌”这个字。

瞾字由来故事日月明空曌——关于“曌”字的由来一日，武则天心血来潮，想为自己取一个好字，可是琢磨了好几日，还是没有找到最合适的，就决定向天下文人征求最吉利的字，于是一张征求御字榜文贴到了长安城墙上。

话说少林寺有一个烧火的和尚，叫明空，此人除了方丈教会自己的僧号，斗大的字不认识几个。

这一日，明空到长安买菜。

买菜回来，到城墙处，他忽然觉得肚子疼，想上茅厕，抬头看到城墙上贴一张纸，也没细想就撕了下来，准备如厕用。

守侯此皇榜的御卒见好几日没人揭榜，就到一旁的西瓜摊吃西瓜。

御卒吃完西瓜回来，正好看到明空揭榜，心中高兴：总算有人揭榜了，自己可以复命了。

御卒见明空揭了榜想走，急了，上去就把明空拽住：“和尚你不能走！”明空见一个当兵的拉住自己，不知道怎么回事，问到：“官爷，为什么不让我走啊？”御卒就把武则天征字的事讲了。

明空一听，一屁股坐到地上，昏过去了！等到御卒把他叫醒，明空嚎啕大哭，哀求到：“官爷，我不知道哇，我哪里会测字啊，您放过我把，我把御榜再贴上去，您看行吗？”御卒一听摇头到：“不行，你必须和我进宫！”明空见求情不行，只好跟御卒去见武则天。

明空一路上又懊恼又害怕，懊恼自己莽撞揭了御榜，害怕自己会掉脑袋。

但是，他不想就这样稀里糊涂地死了，于是脑筋一转打定了注意。

武则天听说有人揭了榜，很是高兴。

连忙让揭榜人进殿。

明空颤颤悠悠进殿，见到武则天连忙跪倒请罪。

武则天见进来一个和尚，又请罪，问到：“和尚，是你揭榜了吗，你为何请罪啊？”明空低着头说：“我是出家人揭御榜恐怕不合适，有辱圣明！”武则天一笑说：“无妨，你到说说你为我测的字是什么？”明空到这时候只有豁出去了，说：“我这个字，字典里没有。

武则天简介中文名：武曌(武瞾、武照)别名：武则天、武媚娘国籍：中国民族：汉族出生地：四川广元出生日期：公元624年2月17日(甲申年)逝世日期：神龙元年(公元705年12月16日)职业：皇帝、政治家、诗人信仰：佛教主要成就：废唐，改国号为周;中国历史上唯一一个正统的女皇帝;上承贞观之治，下启开元盛世代表作品：《臣轨》《如意娘》谥号：则天大圣皇帝、则天大圣皇后年号：证圣圣历神功久视神功神龙享年：82岁在位时间：690年―705年陵寝：乾陵生平简介：武则天(624年-705年)，并州文水(今山西文水县东)人。

中国历史上唯一一个正统的女皇帝，也是即位年龄最大(67岁即位)、寿命最长的皇帝之一(终年82岁)。

为唐朝功臣武士彟次女，母亲杨氏。

十四岁入后宫为唐太宗的才人，唐太宗赐号媚娘，唐高宗时初为昭仪，后为皇后，尊号为天后，与唐高宗李治并称二圣，683年12月27日-690年10月16日作为唐中宗、唐睿宗的皇太后临朝称制，后自立为皇帝，定洛阳为都，改称神都，建立武周王朝，神龙元年(705年)正月，武则天病笃，宰相张柬之发动兵变，迫使武氏退位，史称神龙革命。

唐中宗复辟，恢复唐朝，上尊号“则天大圣皇帝”，后遵武氏遗命改称“则天大圣皇后”，以皇后身份入葬乾陵，唐玄宗开元四年(716年)，改谥号为则天皇后，天宝八载(749年)，加谥则天顺圣皇后。

武则天上位：贞观十一年(637年)，14岁的武则天在长安入宫成为唐太宗的才人(正五品)，唐太宗最初非常宠爱她，赐名“武媚”，但不久便将她冷落一边。

武则天做了12年的才人，地位始终没有得到提升，在唐太宗病重期间，武则天和唐太宗的儿子后来的高宗李治建立了感情。

贞观二十三年(649年)唐太宗死后，武则天和部分没有子女的嫔妃们一起入长安感业寺为尼，但是她与新皇帝唐高宗李治一直藕断丝连。

唐高宗即位后，他的妃子萧淑妃专宠，永徽二年，皇后复召武则天入宫，企图“以毒攻毒”，这年武则天26岁。

英语90学时培训心得6篇英语90学时培训心得1前几天，我参加了初中英语教师的90学时培训。

通过学习，我学习到了很多先进的教育理念和教学经验，我的教育思想、教学观念等都得到了更新，使我受益匪浅。

这次培训的内容相当丰富，听了许多专家教师的现场讲座，能拥有此次学习机会，实在值得珍惜!以下就是本次培训后的心得体会：一、加强学习，促进专业化成长教师要想给学生一滴水，自己就必须具备一桶水。

但要想学生永远取之不尽，用之不尽，教师就得时时给予补足，使自己成为一条流向大海的小溪。

专家的话就充分印证了这句话。

他们用渊博的科学文化知识旁征博引给我们阐述深奥的理论知识，讲得通俗易懂，让我们深受启发。

面对着一群群渴求知识的学生，使我深感到自己责任的重大以及教师职业的神圣。

让我对如何进行有效备课和上课指明了方向。

特别是教师们对教学中的困惑和争论，更让我体会到了进行终身学习，促进教师专业化成长的必要性。

冰冻三尺非一日之寒，我们教师只有不断地学习，不断地完善，不断地提升，才能满足社会的需求，才能适应世纪的挑战，才能胜任教师这一行业。

二、进一步认识《新课标》通过几天的学习使我对《新课标》有了更深的认识,即教师重视英语与现实世界的密切联系,注意内容贴近学生生活实际,呈现方式丰富多彩,重视学生在英语学习中的主人地位,注意提供学生积极思考与合作交流的空间,注意培养学生创新意识和实践能力;注意激发学生学习英语的兴趣,培养学生解决问题的意识和能力。

三、学习理论知识，反思文本教材在这几天的学习当中，金浪老师教我们如何解读文本。

她结合课本生动的实例，让我们感悟到了规范课堂的重要性。

对于文本解读的问题，她认为教师要摆脱任务重、时间紧、事务多等思想困扰，特别要戒掉一拿到英语文本材料就急忙上网或翻阅教参的条件反射行为。

因为盲目的资源拓展和利用，往往会忽视教材自身资源的挖掘，出现本末倒置的现象。

英语教师备课的首要任务是细心解读文本，在设定教学目标和进行初步设计之后，再结合学生的'实际情况，对教参、网络资源加以挑选、修改、设计成适合学生实际的教案。

【專輯名稱】：白金情歌6CD【專輯歌手】：專輯曲目有列【專輯語言】：Eng【唱片公司】：華納唱片【檔案大小】：782MB【檔案格式】：MP3【專輯介紹】：6張CD收錄90首百聽不厭的抒情金曲～不朽巨星讓您重溫到年少時光美好的記憶與感動!【專輯曲目】：【CD1】1.The Rose / Bette Midler 玫瑰 / 貝蒂米勒2.How Do I Live / LeAnn Rimes我怎麼活下去 / 黎安萊姆絲3.One More Night / Phil Collins再一晚 / 菲爾柯林斯4.Right Here Waiting / Richard Marx在此等候 / 理察瑪爾克斯5.Crazy For You / Madonna為你瘋狂 / 瑪丹娜6.I'll Make Love To You / Boys II Men我要和你歡愉 / 大人小孩雙拍檔7.Nothing's Gonna Change My Love For You / George Benson永誌不渝的愛 / 喬治遜8.If You Leave Me Now / Chicago如果你要離去 / 芝加哥合唱團9.What Can I Do? / The Corrs我該如何 / 可兒家族合唱團10.Un-Break My Heart / Toni Braxton別傷我心 / 唐妮布蕾斯頓11.I Swear / All-4-One我發誓 / 合而為一合唱團12.There You'll Be / Faith Hill有你相依 / 費絲希爾13.I'd Really Love To See You Tonight / England Dan & John Ford Coley今晚真的想見你/ 英格蘭丹與約翰福克利14.Drive / The Cars駕車 / 汽車合唱團15.I Believe I Can Fly / R. 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King站在我這邊 / 班伊金【CD3】1.I've Never Been To Me / Charlene從沒做過自己 / 夏琳2.Goodbye / Air Supply再見 / 空中補給3.Angel Of The Morning / Juice Newton 日安天使 / 茱絲紐頓4.Superwoman / Karyn White女超人 / 凱倫懷特5.You're The Inspiration / Chicago你是我的靈感 / 芝加哥合唱團6.Shanghai Memories Of 1945 / Jewels Newton一九四五的上海回憶 / 茱兒紐頓7.Desperado / Linda Ronstadt亡命之徒 / 琳達朗絲黛8.If Ever You're In My Arms Again / Peabo Bryson假如你再回到我懷中 / 彼柏布萊森9.I'll Be Your Everything / Tommy Page我是你的一切 / 湯米佩吉10.I Say A Little Prayer / Aretha Franklin小小祈禱 / 艾瑞莎弗蘭克林11.Foolish Beat / Debbie Gibson愚蠢的心跳 / 黛比吉布森12.I'd Love You To Want Me / Lobo但願你需要我 / 灰狼羅伯13.Baby Come Back / Player寶貝回來吧 / 玩家合唱團14.Crying In The Rain / A-Ha雨中哭泣 / A-Ha合唱團15.I Want To Know What Love Is / Foreigner我想知道愛是什麼 / 外國人合唱團【CD4】1.You Are So Beautiful / Joe Cocker你是如此美麗 / 喬庫克2.That's Why (You Go Away) / Michael Learns To Rock那是你離去的原因 / 搖滾麥克3.Bad Day / Daniel Powter壞天氣 / 丹尼爾4.From A Distance / Bette Midler從遠方 / 貝蒂米勒5.Kiss Me / Sixpence None The Richer親吻我 / 蓮兒與啷噹六便士6.Forever Young / Alphaville永遠年輕 / 阿爾發村合唱團7.I'll Stand By You / The Pretenders我會支持你 / 偽裝者合唱團8.Love Is In Your Eyes / Gerard Joling愛在你眼中 / 傑洛裘林9.You're So Vain / Carly Simon你是如此自負 / 卡莉賽門10.Fallen / Lauren Wood沉淪 / 蘿倫伍德11.All I Need / Jack Wagner我所要的 / 傑克華格12.I Can Love You Like That / John Michael Montgomery我會那樣愛你 / 約翰麥可蒙哥馬利13.Miss You Like Crazy / Natalie Cole瘋狂想你 / 娜塔莉高14.I Don't Want To Talk About It / Everything But The Girl不想多說什麼 / 只要女孩合唱團15.I Need You / America我需要你 / 亞美利加合唱團【CD5】1.Against All Odds (Take A Look At Me Now) / Phil Collins再看我一眼 / 菲爾柯林斯2.Home / Michael Buble家 / 麥可布雷3.How Am I Supposed To Live Without You / Michael Bolton失去你我該怎麼活下去 / 麥可伯特恩4.The Lady In Red / Chris De Brugh紅衣女郎 / 克利斯迪博夫5.Angel Queen / Dara Sedaka天使女王 / 達拉西達卡6.Satomi Hakken / John O'Banion新里見八犬傳 / 約翰歐班寧dy / Kenny Rogers女士 / 肯尼羅傑斯8.If You Don't Know Me By Now / Simply Red如過你現在還不了解我 / 就是紅合唱團9.One Day I'll Fly Away / Randy Crawford有一天我會展翅高飛 / 瑞蒂克勞福 Incondicional / Luis Miguel一無所求 / 路易斯馬吉爾11.Music / F.R. David音樂 / F. R. 大衛12.In Your Eyes / George Benson在你眼中 / 喬治班遜13.Sailing / Christopher Cross啟航 / 克里斯多夫克里斯14.It Might Be You / Stephen Bishop應該是你 / 史蒂芬畢夏15.Waiting For A Girl Like You / Foreigner等待像你這樣的女孩 / 外國人合唱團【CD6】1.Without You / Air Supply沒有你 / 空中補給2.Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do) / Christopher Cross亞瑟之歌 / 克里斯多夫克里斯3.Reality / Richard Sanderson真實 / 李察山德森4.Casablanca / Bertie Higgins卡薩布蘭卡 / 伯提海根斯5.Stories / Victor Laszlo故事 / 維多蘭絲洛6.Make It With You / Bread 與你一起 / 麵包合唱團7.How Can I Tell Her / Lobo 如何告訴她 / 灰狼羅伯8.Ticket To The Tropics / Gerard Joling 熱帶機票 / 傑洛裘林9.How Can I Ease The Pain / Lisa Fisher我要如何撫平傷痛 / 麗莎費雪10.Broken Vow / Josh Groban破碎的誓言 / 喬許葛洛班11.Have You Ever Been In Love / Peter Cetera你曾經愛過嗎 / 彼得塞特拉12.I'll Be There / The Escape Club在你身旁 / 逃脫俱樂部13.Broken Hearted Me / England Dan & John Ford Coley破碎的心 / 英格蘭丹與約翰福克利14.Windflowers / Seals & Crofts風之花 / 席爾&克羅夫二重唱15.When A Man Loves A Woman / Percy Sledge當男人愛上女人 / 柏西史萊吉15首全球至伤情歌Ⅰ1、Just One Lest Dance最后一支舞演唱：莎拉.寇娜2、Love To Be Loved By You爱着你的爱演唱：马克.特伦西3、To Meet Even Know即使知道要见面演唱：莎拉4、How Could I我怎么能演唱：马克.安东尼5、Dem Lao Xao冬季的雨夜演唱：越南天后6、Without You失去你演唱：玛莉亚.凯莉7、Burningji情燃烧演唱：玛丽亚.亚瑞唐多8、Angel天使演唱：迪克兰9、When You Told Me You Loved Me当你说爱我的时候演唱：杰西卡.辛普森10、Besame Mucho热情香吻演唱：安德烈波彻利11、It DonT Matter没关系演唱：多诺万12、Un-break My Heart别让我心碎演唱：唐妮.布蕾斯顿13、From Beginning To Now从开始到现在演唱：崔永真14、Fields Of Gold黄金田地演唱：藤田惠美15、Promises Dont Come Easy15首全球至伤情歌Ⅱ1.burning ji情燃烧2.how could i 我怎么能3.on the road 在路上4.how could an angel break my hart 天使怎么会伤我的心5.endless love 无尽的爱6.christmas in my heart 圣诞在我心7.desperado 亡命之徒8.moonlight shadow 月光下的影9.i knew i loved you 我知道我爱你10.classic style 雕刻11.it is only fairy tale 只是童话12.unbreak my heart 别伤我的心13.breathless 屏息的爱14.evertime when i closed eyes 当我闭上双眼15.its up to you 这由你决定15首全球至伤情歌Ⅲ1.love is color blind 爱是无色的2.better in time 刚刚好3.inconsoble 真情难收4.fields of gold 金色原野5.you raise me up 你鼓舞了我6.hoe do i breathe 爱的窒息7.because of you 因为你8.home 回家9.i wanna love you forever 爱你到永远10.bi natter wgat 无论如何11.stuck in my heart 刺伤我的心12.ill never break your heart 我是从来不会伤你的心13.i still believe 我依然相信14.when you say nothing at all 当你什么都不说15.goomy sunday 黑色星期天。

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大学英语考试大学英语六级CET6模拟题2020年(90)(总分710, 做题时间130分钟)Part Ⅰ Writing1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an **menting on the proverb "He who makes no mistakes makes nothing." You can give an example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 160 words but no more than 200 words.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIPart Ⅱ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.•** wants to move into another room.•** has too much stuff.•** filing cabinet is too old to be used.** couldn't do anything without a filing cabinet.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.•** believed in Montgomery Ward and Richard Sears.•** could get the things they wanted at a low price.•** was convenient for them to buy things from catalogs.** was easy for them to return the goods if they weren't satisfied.A AC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.•** used catalogs as textbooks to teach spelling and calculating.•** told the students the history of catalogs in class.•** made their purchase as the farmers did.** got new information from catalogs.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.•** made some small stores have no confidence in sale.•** forced some small stores to lower the price.•** promoted the sales in some small stores.** drove some small stores out of business.A AB BC CD D. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.•** product designed for newborn babies.•** company providing babysitter services.•** television program regarding babies.** toy for newborn babies.A AB BC CSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.•** is water-proof.•** can calm down crying babies.•** keeps the babies absolutely safe.** has clowns painted outside.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.•**.•**.•** down.**.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.•** how the product works.•** a volunteer to try the product.•** about another product.** another person to explain in more details.A AB BC CD DSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.•** win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.•** reform railroad management in western European countries.•** electrify the railway lines between major European cities. ** set up an express train network throughout Europe.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.•** European airlines will go bankrupt.•** will pay much less for traveling.•** time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.** will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.•** travel will prove much **fortable than air travel.** will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.•** transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.** by train may be as quick as, or even quicker than, by air.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.•** 1981.•** 1989.•** 1990.** 2000.A AB BC CD D. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.•** can be no speedy recovery for mental patients.•** to healing patients are essentially the same.•** mind and body should be taken as an integral whole.** is no clear division of labor in the medical profession.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.•** doctor's fame strengthens the patients' faith in them.•** of medicines is widespread in many urban hospitals.•** of the patients depend on harmless substances for cure.** patient's expectations of a drug have an effect on their recovery.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.•** drugs may not prove the most effective.•** workings of the mind may help patients recover.•** often exaggerate the effect of their remedies.** illnesses can be cured without medication.A AB BC CD DSection CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.. Questions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.•** can brighten someone else's life.•** can help analyze the causes of air pollution.•** may force people to donate their shoes and clothes.** can ensure people's physical fitness.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.•** money from the recycling helps the poor.•** of the shoes are not proper footwear.•** children die because of the lack of proper shoes.** recycled shoes can save much money.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.•** it to the poor.•** it to young people.•** it away in drawers.** it into cash.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.•** them locally.•** them away.•** local experts to recycle them.** them to other **panies.A AB BC CD D. Questions 20 to 22 are based on the recording yon have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.•** could move around the country.•** could fast-track their business.•** paid attention to their purposes.** got opportunities to make money.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.•** guys in old films.•** person's life project.•** or politics.**'s goal or purpose.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.•** project or life is a train wreck.•** **e to the end of something.** is from the bad side of the town.** pays attention to his goal or purpose.A AB BC CD D. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.•** graduates have difficulty in finding jobs.•** overlook the correlation between education and income.•** number of better-educated graduates cannot satisfy the economy.** economy fails to absorb better-educated graduates.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.•** are not enough economic opportunities for students not going to college.•** fail to educate students properly.•** attainment cannot guarantee career advancement.** have no adequate professional knowledge.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.•** are not ready to function in the workplace.•** do not gain as much as before.•** college education is considered useless.** working experience is not enough.A AB BC CD DPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once..Waffles? French toast? Bacon? Big breakfasts may be a thing of the past. According to the Associated Press, more Americans are consuming breakfast in stages thanks to on-the-go lifestyles and the beliefthat multiple, smaller meals are 1 than three large ones.Serial eating is only expected to increase in **ing years. The NPD Group, a market **pany, 2 that the number of times people will snack in the mornings will increase 23% in adecade, 3 with 20% and 15% increases in afternoon and evening snacking, 4 .Unlike their evening alter-egos, morning snackers tend to be more health 5 , looking for low-calorie foods with more fiber, antioxidants (抗氧化物) and whole grains. For instance, General Mills introduced its 140-calorie Fiber One bars in 2007, but recently added three more flavors as well as 90-calorie versions.This may be new in the US, but a second breakfastis 6 in countries such as Germany. In Bavaria, atraditional second breakfast 7 of white sausages, pretzels (椒盐卷饼), sweet mustard and, of course, beer.But snackers, beware: Though spreading calories across several meals is generally accepted to be healthier, it can actually cause people to over-consume and gain weight, David Levitsky, a professor of nutrition and psychology at Cornell University, told the AP.Maybe the trend toward portable, quick-hit breakfastswill 8 more people to eat in the morning. According to the Huffington Post, a 9 by the NPD Group found that 31million Americans 10 the most important meal of the day.A. compared F.estimates K. particularlyB. connected G.healthier L. respectivelyC. conscious H.inspire M. skipD. consists I.made N. supervisionE. easier J.necessary O. surveySSS_FILL1.SSS_FILL2.SSS_FILL3.SSS_FILL4.SSS_FILL5.SSS_FILL6.SSS_FILL7.SSS_FILL8.SSS_FILL9.SSS_FILL10.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2..How Can Girls Win in Math and Science?A. Math is a cumulative subject, unlike say history, which can be learned in discrete units. College algebra (代数) is basically a course in the language of mathematics. Some might say that algebra is the mechanics of mathematics. The examples included at this level are simple, designed to reinforce that the student has learned the "how". The next layer of courses teaches how to use this language, or this set of tools, to describe and model the real world. Being able to dothis should leave no doubt in the student's mind that they are**petent.B. For years, feminists have lamented (悲叹) the sorry state of girls in math and science, as they lag behind their male peers intest scores and shy away from careers in engineering and technology. Yet perhaps the most frustrating recent development on the topic is that some of the very programs designed to help girls get ahead may be holding them back—or are simply misguided. Take single-sex math and science classes. While they seem like a logical way to give girls a jump-start in these subjects, new research suggests this initiative—championed over the past two decades as a possible solution—may backfire.C. In a study published last year, psychologist Howard Glasser at Bryn Mawr College examined teacher-student interaction in sex-segregated science classes. As it turned out, teachers behaved differently toward boys and girls in a way that gave boys an advantage in scientific thinking. While boys were encouraged to engage in back-and-forth questioning with the teacher and fellow students, girls had many fewer such experiences. Glasser suggests they didn't learn to argue in the same way as boys, and argument is the key to scientific thinking. Glasser points out that sex-segregated classrooms can construct differences between the sexes by giving them unequal experiences. Unfortunately, such differences can impact kids' choices about future courses and careers. It's worth noting that the girls and boys in these science classes had similar grades, which masked the uneven dynamic. It was only when researchers reviewed videotapes of the lessons that they got a deeper analysis of what was actually going on, and what the kids were really learning.D. Glasser's research got a boost last September when the journal Science published a scathing (严厉的) report on the larger issue of single-sex education, titled "The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Schooling". In the article, eight leading psychologists and neuroscientists debunked (揭穿……的真相) research supporting single-sex education, and argued that sex segregation "increases gender stereotyping and legitimizes institutional sexism".E. Another misguided—or, mistimed—effort to improve girls' performance is the "you can do it" messaging directed toward girls in middle school, the period when their scores start lagging. New research shows that even when preteen girls say they believe this message, "stereotype threat"—when negative cultural stereotypes affect a group's behavior—has a dampening effect on their actual performance.F. In a 2009 study, psychologist Pascal Huguet of France's Aix-Marseille University found that middle-school girls scored highest ontests measuring visual-spatial abilities—which are key to success in engineering, chemistry, medicine, and architecture, fields that promise high-paying, prestigious jobs down the road—when they were led to believe that there were no gender differences on the tasks. Not surprisingly, when they were told that boys do better on these tasks, they did poorly. But curiously, when they were given no information, allowing cultural stereotypes to operate, they also did poorly. The stereotypes were already firmly established. The authors discovered: By middle school it's too little, too late.G. To disarm stereotypes, we must actively arm girls against them—starting at a very young age. By first or second grade, both girls and boys have the notion that math is a "boy thing". But a 2011 study by psychologist Anthony Greenwald of the University of Washington found that there's a window of opportunity during these early years in which, while girls do see math largely as a male preserve, they haven't yet made the connection that "because I am a girl, math is not for me". During this short period, girls are relatively open to the idea that they can enjoy and do well at math.H. One strategy? Researchers suggest we take gender out of the equation in teaching about occupations. Rather than saying "girls can be scientists", we should talk about what scientists do. For example, kids may be especially interested to know that scientists study how the world around them really works. Psychologists Rebecca Bigler of the University of Texas at Austin and Lynn Liben at Penn State say that when girls are encouraged to think this way, they're much more likely to retain what they're taught than they would be if they were just given the generic "girls can do science" message.I. Finally, while women teachers can lead the way for girls in math and science, acting as role models, parents should be on the lookout for teachers' math anxiety. A 2010 study of first- and second-graders led by psychologist Sian L. Beilock at the University of Chicago found that girls may learn to fear math from theirearliest instructors—and that female elementary-school teachers who lack confidence in their own math skills could be passing their anxiety along to their students. The more anxious teachers were about their own skills, the more likely their female students were to agree that "boys are good at math and girls are good at reading". And according to Beilock, elementary-education majors at the collegelevel have the highest math anxiety level of any major, and may be unwittingly passing along a virus of underachievement to girls.J. Parents can "vaccinate" girls against their teachers' math anxiety, according to new research. But there may be a silver lining to this story for parents. Even if your daughter has a teacher with high math anxiety, it's not inevitable that she's going to experienceproblems with math—it turns out that parents (or others) can "vaccinate" girls against their teachers' qualms (疑虑). Beilock found that teachers' anxiety alone didn't do the damage. If girls already had a belief that "girls aren't good at math", their achievement suffered. But the girls who didn't buy into that stereotype, who thought, of course I can be good at math, didn't tumble into an achievement gulf.K. Now that we have reason to believe that gender stereotyping starts much earlier than previously thought, we also need to accept that countering it requires more sophisticated approaches than those we now use. If girls continue to lag behind in math areas, our future economy **petitiveness could suffer. It's critical that we start our efforts in the primary grades and look beyond the obvious to succeed. If we look "under the hood" at what's really going on with girls, instead of just skimming the surface, we can provide more than mere cosmetic solutions.SSS_FILL1. Dissimilar to history, math should be learned through sequential lessons.SSS_FILL2. It's better to help girls get rid of gender stereotypes before they think they cannot be good at math as girls.SSS_FILL3. New research suggests that single-sex math and science classes may have negative effects which are opposite to the intended purpose on girls.SSS_FILL4. Rather than talking about gender differences in teaching about occupations, researchers suggest that we encourage kids to think what scientists do.SSS_FILL5. In sex-segregated science classes, girls are offered few opportunities to engage in argument which is crucial to scientific thinking.SSS_FILL6. Though women teachers are likely to guide the way for girls in math and science classes as role models, parents should pay attention to teachers' math anxiety.SSS_FILL7. Sex-segregated education increases sex stereotyping and makes sexism seem acceptable.SSS_FILL8. According to Beilock, at the college level, elementary-education majors have the highest math anxiety level among all majors.SSS_FILL9. Stereotype threat restrains girls from performing well in real situations.SSS_FILL10. Instead of using the current approaches, fighting against gender stereotyping needs to use more sophisticated approaches.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One. The Alzheimer's Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care providers now, up from 19 percent in a study conducted by the Alzheimer's Association a decade ago. About 17 million men are caring for an adult. Women still provide the bulk of family care, especially intimate tasks like bathing and dressing. **plain that their brothers are treated like heroes just for showing up. But with smallerfamilies and more women working full-time, many men have no choice but to take on roles that would have been alien to their fathers.Often they are overshadowed by their female counterparts and faced with employers, friends, support organizations and even parents who view caregiving as an essentially female role. Male caregivers are more likely to say they feel unprepared for the role and become socially isolated, and less likely to ask for help. "Isolationaffects women as well, but men tend to have fewer lifeline. They are less likely to have friends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact." Dr. Donna Wagner, the director of gerontology (老年学) at Towson University and one of the few researchers who has studied sons as caregivers, said.In past generations, men might have pointed to their accomplishments as breadwinners or fathers. Now, some men say they worry about the conflict between caring for their parents and these other roles. In a study at three Fortune 500 companies, Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to use employee-assistance programs for caregivers because they feared it would be held against them. "Even though **pany has endorsed the program, your supervisors may have a different opinion." Dr. Wagner said. Matt Kassin, 51, worked for a **pany with very generous benefits, and his employer had been understanding. But he was reluctant to talk about his caregiving because he thought "when they hire a male, they expect him to be 100 percent focused." And he didn't want to appear to be someone who had distractions that detracted (破坏) from performance.For many men, the new role means giving up their self-image as experts, said Louis Colbert, director of the office of services for the aging in Delaware County, Pa., who has shared care of his 84-year-old mother with his siblings since her Alzheimer's made it necessary. Once a year, Mr. Colbert organizes a get-together for male caregivers. The concerns they raise, he said, are different from those of women in support groups. "Very clearly, they said they wanted their roles as caregivers validated, because in our society, as a whole, men as caregivers have been invisible," he said.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1. What can we know about men according to the Alzheimer's Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving?______•** men are playing the leading role in caring for elderly parents.•** count on their wives to take care of their parents.•** undertake all family care, including washing and cooking.** tend to be viewed as heroes for caring for their parents.A AB BD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2. Why do men tend to feel more stressed and socially isolated according to Donna Wagner?______•** they feel overwhelmed by the pressure from their parents.•** they face **petition from their female counterparts.** they find few people to talk and share their experiences with.** they are psychologically unprepared for the role.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3. Donna Wagner's solution to the conflict between caring for parents and other social roles is to ______.•** advantage of employee-assistance programs•** adjustments both physically and emotionally•** more time with their parents and children** themselves in social activitiesA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4. Why was Matt Kassin unwilling to talk about his caregiving with his employer?______•** **pany did not provide support programs.** he was threatened with losing his job.•** he felt embarrassed to send his parents to nursing homes. ** he feared his boss may think it would distract him from his work.A AB BD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL5. What might be the concerns of male caregivers according to Louis Colbert?______•** lack professional knowledge and skills.•** find it inappropriate for them to do the job.•** roles as caregivers is not acknowledged.** feel what they do is not enough.A AB BC CD DPassage Two. What if we could read the mind of a terrorist? Researchers at Northwestern University in Chicago say they have taken a step closer to that reality with a test that could uncover evil plans by measuring brain waves.In a study published in the journal Psychophysiology, psychologists John Meixner and Peter Rosenfeld used electrodes (电极) to measure the brain waves of 29 undergraduates who had been told to mock-plan either a terrorist bombing in Houston in July, or a vacation in a different city in a different month. The researchers then presented the students with the names of various cities, methods of terrorist attack and dates. As they did so, they scanned the subjects' brains. They watched for a particular brainwave—dubbed the P300, because it fires every 300 milliseconds—which signals recognition of something familiar."The P300's amplitude (振幅) is very large when you see an object that is rare and personally meaningful to you," Meixner says. "So the amplitude of P300 was large when we presented the word'Houston', the city where the attack was planned. In total we were able to identify 10 out of 12 'terrorists'". The investigators also correctly matched 20 out of 30 crime-related details, such as types of explosives and specific sites and dates.The P300's potential as a method for confirming concealed information was first recognized in the 1980s. But while it has long been touted as a possible substitute for the polygraph test, it has yet not been used by law enforcement anywhere in the world. One of the reasons is that it becomes difficult to use if investigators donot know the information they are trying to confirm. For instance, in Meixner and Rosenfeld's study, the researchers would have struggled had they not known that the city in which the attack was planned was Houston, since it would be only by luck or guesswork they would have included it in the sample list of names.What's more, the P300 is vulnerable to what scientists call "confounding factors". For instance, if the mock-terrorists in the study were raised in Houston, which was also the location of the attack, the researchers would not know for sure what was causing the P300 spike.But Meixner and Rosenfeld say that despite these shortfalls, the technology holds more potential than the polygraph. The polygraph measures responses like respiration and sweating, which can certainly be triggered by a lie, but can also result from any high-stress situation—including the mere experience of being interrogated by a police officer. While there is nothing that can correct this problem with polygraphs, P300s can at least be made more accurate by increasing the number of details you show a suspect.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1. What can we learn about the P300 from the research by John Meixner and Peter Rosenfeld?______•** is related to a person's reaction to stimulus.•** is widely used in polygraph tests.•** fires when an insignificant stimulus is given.** is 100 percent accurate in the laboratory.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2. Why has the P300 not been used by law enforcement in even one country?______•** it has not proved to be a reliable way of getting information.•** information to be confirmed should be exact.•** suspects' relatives need to be involved in the process.** the technology is too sophisticated to be put into practice.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3. The limitation of the P300's "confounding factors" is likely to ______.•** the truth•** details of a study•** concealed information** the results of a studyA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4. How can the P300 be made more accurate?______•** measuring responses like respiration and sweating.•** triggering a lie or getting rid of any high-stress situation.•** eliminating the interrogation of the police.** presenting more details to a suspect.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL5. What would be the best title for the passage?______•** of the P300 Over a Polygraph Test•** of the P300 in Anti-terrorism•** Crime by Reading Minds** and Demerits of the P300A AB BC CD D。

1990年大事记【实用版】目录1.1990 年大事记概述2.1990 年国内重要事件3.1990 年国际重要事件4.1990 年科技发展5.1990 年文化、体育大事正文【1990 年大事记概述】1990 年是一个充满重要历史事件的年份。

在这一年里，国内和国际上发生了许多有影响力的事件，不仅影响了当时的世界格局，也在一定程度上塑造了今天的国际形势。

同时，1990 年也是科技和文化领域取得重要成果的一年。

【2.1990 年国内重要事件】1990 年，国内发生了许多重要事件。

其中最为重要的是，我国成功举办了亚洲运动会。

这是中国首次举办大型综合性国际体育赛事，也是亚洲运动会历史上规模最大的一届。

此外，1990 年，我国政府加大了对经济体制改革的力度，进一步推动了国民经济的发展。

【3.1990 年国际重要事件】在国际方面，1990 年也发生了许多重要事件。

其中，最为引人关注的是伊拉克入侵科威特。

这一事件导致国际社会对伊拉克实施了严厉的经济制裁，并最终引发了第一次海湾战争。

此外，1990 年，东欧剧变开始，许多东欧国家纷纷摆脱了共产主义政权的统治，走上了民主自由的道路。

【4.1990 年科技发展】1990 年，科技领域取得了许多重大成果。

其中，互联网的发展成为了这一年的亮点。

1990 年，万维网诞生，为互联网的普及和发展奠定了基础。

此外，1990 年，人类基因组计划启动，这一项目对生物科学的发展产生了深远影响。

【5.1990 年文化、体育大事】在文化体育领域，1990 年也发生了许多重要事件。

在这一年，我国著名作家巴金获得了诺贝尔文学奖，成为首位获得该奖项的中国籍作家。

在体育领域，1990 年世界杯足球赛在意大利举行，最终由西德队获得冠军。

综上所述，1990 年是一个充满重要历史事件的年份，无论是在国内还是国际，科技还是文化体育领域，都发生了许多有影响力的事件。