Hector_St_John_de_Crevecoeur

n. n. n. v. n.
遗产，传统 封建主，勋爵，贵族 庄园 熔化 商人
migration
militia mission mobility
n.
n. n. n.
迁移
民兵 使命 流动
mode
Montreal moral moralism naturalization nobility oath observe Old World
The USA --American Beginning
Preface
Hello Class! In today's class we are going to deal with the first chapter on the history of the United States of America. As is known to all, America is a new nation and the product of the Western civilization. In fact, the American continent was first discovered by an Italian sailor called Christopher Columbus in 1492. And the United States was not officially founded until 1776 when 13 former British colonies rose up against the British Empire and fought a war for their independence. But, before we start, let's take the time to preview some of the questions regarding the history of the United States. Please see if you can answer the following questions. Please supply the correct answers, if you happen to know them, in the space bellow.

狄利克雷通过中学毕业考试后，父母希望他攻读法律，但他已选定数学为其终身职业。当时的德国数学界除 高斯一人名噪欧洲外，普遍水平较低；又因高斯不喜好教学，于是狄利克雷决定到数学中心巴黎上大学，那里有 一批灿如明星的数学家，诸如P．S．拉普拉斯(Laplace)、A．勒让德(Legendre)、J．傅里叶(Fourier)、 S．泊松(Poisson)、S．拉克鲁瓦(Lacroix)、J．B．比奥(Biot)等。
约翰 彼得 古斯塔夫 勒热纳 狄利 克雷
德国数学家、柏林科学院院士
01 人物事件
03 人物著作 05 家庭情况
目录
02 科学研究 04 狄利克雷定理
约翰·彼得·古斯塔夫·勒热纳·狄利克雷 (Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet), 1805年2月13 日—1859年5月5日，德国数学家，科隆大学荣誉博士，历任柏林大学和哥廷根大学教授，柏林科学院院士。他是 解析数论的创始人，对函数论、位势论和三角级数论都有重要贡献。主要著作有《数论讲义》《定积分》等。
1822年5月，狄利克雷到达巴黎，选定在法兰西学院和巴黎理学院攻读；其间因患轻度天花影响了听课，幸 好时间不长。1823年夏，他被选中担任M．法伊(Fay)将军的孩子们的家庭教师。法伊是拿破仑时代的英雄，时任 国民议会反对派的领袖。
科学面，他对高斯的《算术研究》进行了研究，并有所创新。对费马大定理，他给出当n=14时，无整数 解的证明；还探讨了二次型、多项式的因子、二次和双二次互反律等问题；还开创了解析数论的研究。
狄利克雷很注重同德、法等外国数学家的交流。其主要论文收集在《狄利克雷论文集》里，共2卷，分别出版 于1889年和1897年。
狄利克雷定理
1.简介 在数论中，狄利克雷定理说明对于任意互质的两个数a,d，有无限多个质数的形式如a+nd，其中n为正整数， 即在算术级数a+d,a+2d,a+3d……中有无限多个质数——有无限个质数模d同余a。狄利克雷函数无法画出图像 2.相关定理 欧几里得证明了有无限个质数，即有无限多个质数的形式如2n+1。 算术级数的质数定理：若a,d互质，则有 其中φ是欧拉函数。取d=2，可得一般的质数定理。 Linnik定理说明了级数中最小的质数的范围：算术级数a+nd中最小的质数少于cd^L，其中L和c均为常数，但 这两个常数的最小值尚未找到。 Chebotarev密度定理是在狄利克雷定理在伽罗瓦扩张的推广。 分析学中，狄利克雷（Dirichlet）判别法是分析学中一条十分重要的判定法则，主要用于判定任意项数项 级数的收敛、函数项级数的一致收敛、反常积分的收敛以及含参变量反常积分的一致收敛等。

小学下册英语第6单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1 Which of these is a renewable resource?A. CoalB. OilC. Solar energyD. Natural gas答案:C2 f Exploration saw many __________ (探险家) travel the world. The Age3 The cat is sleeping on the ______.4 What color is the sky on a clear day?A. GreenB. BlueC. RedD. Yellow5 I like to share my ____ with my friends. (玩具名称)6 The falcon is known for its incredible ________________ (速度).7 The baby is ___ (sleeping/eating).8 My favorite toy is a ______ (机器人). It can talk and ______ (跳舞).9 What do we call the process of planting seeds?B. HarvestingC. FertilizingD. Watering答案:A10 The __________ is crucial for preserving natural habitats.11 Which fruit is tropical and often associated with Hawaii?A. MangoB. PineappleC. PapayaD. Coconut答案: B12 The owl hoots at night. It is a ______ (夜行性) animal.13 I enjoy spending holidays with my ____.14 The concept of climate adaptation focuses on preparing for the impacts of ______ change.15 My sister enjoys __________ (参加) community workshops.16 We visit the ______ (自然历史博物馆) to learn about the earth.17 A __________ is a large area of land that is lower than the surrounding area.18 I love to ______ (进行) volunteer work.19 The __________ is a region known for its biodiversity.20 What do you call the document that tells you what to do in case of a fire?A. PlanB. MapC. Notice21 Thomas Edison invented the ______ (电灯泡).22 _____ (植物探险) can uncover rare species.23 The invention of ________ has reshaped modern transportation.24 A mixture that appears uniform is called a _______ mixture.25 The speed of light is very ______.26 What is the capital of Turkmenistan?A. AshgabatB. MaryC. TürkmenabatD. Daşoguz27 I can ______ (表达) my creativity in various ways.28 My sister is _____ (younger/older) than me.29 I like to visit ______ in summer.30 We made a ________ house for birds.31 I love to visit my ________ (朋友) during weekends.32 The _____ (海豚) performs tricks at the marine park.33 The __________ (历史遗址) teach us about our past.34 What do you call a doctor who helps animals?A. DentistB. VeterinarianC. SurgeonD. Pediatrician答案:B35 The _____ (雕) is a bird of prey that soars high.36 I saw a ________ flying by my window.37 The ____ is known for its beautiful singing voice.38 What is the name of the drink made from fermented grapes?A. JuiceB. WineC. SodaD. Beer答案: B39 What is the name of the action where you move your body rhythmically?A. DancingB. SingingC. ActingD. Playing答案: A40 The lynx's tufted ears enhance its sense of ________________ (听觉).41 What do you call the baby of a kangaroo?A. CubB. JoeyC. CalfD. Kit答案:B42 I can ______ (善于) managing my time effectively.43 In a chemical reaction, the substances that are produced are called _____.44 I have a ________ (滑板) that I practice tricks on.45 The kitten is ______ (playing) with a feather.46 New York City is known as the ________ (纽约市被称为________) City.47 What do we call the study of weather?A. GeologyB. MeteorologyC. EcologyD. Biology答案: B. Meteorology48 My aunt loves __________ (缝纫).49 What is the name of the longest river in South America?A. AmazonB. NileC. MississippiD. Yangtze50 What is the main language spoken in Brazil?A. SpanishB. PortugueseC. FrenchD. English51 My friend is a _____ (摄影师) who captures moments.52 A whale can sing beautiful ______ (歌曲).53 The park is _______ (热闹的) during weekends.54 A _______ is formed when two or more elements share electrons.55 We have a _____ (展览) at the museum.56 What is the capital of Cuba?A. HavanaC. CamagüeyD. Santa Clara答案:A57 I enjoy creating art with my toy ________ (玩具名称).58 What is the name of the famous statue in Rio de Janeiro?A. Christ the RedeemerB. Statue of LibertyC. DavidD. The Thinker59 The journalist, ______ (记者), writes interesting stories.60 What do you call the process of removing waste from the body?A. DigestionB. ExcretionC. RespirationD. Circulation61 The ice cream is ________ cold.62 What do we call the physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives?A. EcosystemB. HabitatC. EnvironmentD. Community答案:B63 Which of the following is a pet?A. LionC. ElephantD. Eagle答案:B64 The __________ (历史的情感联系) draw us together.65 I saw a _______ (小老虎) playing with its mother.66 The process of photosynthesis takes place in the _______ of plant cells.67 The monkey swings from ______ to ______.68 A molecule with a net charge is called a(n) _______.69 What is the sum of 9 and 10?A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 21答案: B70 The __________ was a devastating event during World War I. (大屠杀)71 The rabbit hops _______ (快速) away from danger.72 The _______ (蜗牛) carries its shell wherever it goes.73 My _______ (狗) loves to dig in the yard.74 The _____ (松树) stays green all year.75 What do we call a person who studies history?A. HistorianB. ArchaeologistC. AnthropologistD. All of the above76 I have a pet _______ who likes to jump (我有一只喜欢跳的宠物_______).77 I dream of having a ________ (玩具名) that can ________ (动词) by itself. That would be amazing and ________ (形容词)!78 What do you call a person who studies literature?A. Literary criticB. AuthorC. ProfessorD. All of the above答案:D79 An ant is very ______ (勤劳) and works hard.80 The Earth's crust is rich in various ______ resources.81 The ________ loves to jump and run.82 A reaction that releases energy is called an ______ reaction.83 The baby is ________ in the crib.84 The bird is ___ its nest. (building)85 He is learning to ___. (write)86 The _____ (生态平衡) is crucial for survival.87 A ________ (植物保护意识) fosters community involvement.88 My favorite sport is soccer, and I have a special ________ (足球) signed by players.89 My dad is a great __________ (榜样) for us.90 I enjoy _______ (参加) sports leagues.91 The chemical formula for potassium phosphate is ______.92 The Earth's crust is primarily composed of igneous, sedimentary, and ______ rocks.93 The cake is ___ (delicious).94 The butterfly rests on a ______ (花).95 What do we call the process of converting food into energy?A. DigestionB. MetabolismC. AbsorptionD. Respiration96 What do we call the part of the plant that grows above ground?A. RootB. StemC. LeafD. Flower答案:B97 I think it’s important to respect ________ (他人) and their beliefs.98 Which of these is a popular fruit?A. SpinachB. CarrotC. StrawberryD. Broccoli答案:C99 What is the primary color of the ocean?A. BlueB. GreenC. BrownD. Black100 My mother is a _____ (护士) and loves her profession.。

Chapter 2
Edwards·Franklin·Crevecoeur
Historical Background for the 18th C.
• Puritanism (still dominating) • Deism (a compromise between science and religion) • The enlightenment movement in France and England (Benjamin Franklin) • The ―Great Awakening‖ in 1730s and 1740s (Jonathan Edwards)
Enlightenment (启蒙运动)
• Originated in Europe in the 17th century • Resources: Newton’s theory; deism（自然神教派，宗教与启 蒙精神相结合的产物）; French philosophy (Rousseau, Voltaire) • Basic principles: stressing education; stressing Reason (Order) (The age has been called Age of Reason); employing Reason to reconsider the traditions and social realities; concerns for civil rights, such as equality and social justice • Representatives: Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson etc. • Influence on literature – In form: imitating English classical（古典主义）writers – In content: utilitarian (功利主义)tendency for political or educational purpose)