【试题猜想】中考考前最后一卷 理综(湖南长沙B卷)(考试版)

绝密★启用前2020年湖南省长沙市初中学业水平考试理科综合注意事项：1.答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认其核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号；2.必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；3.答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；4.请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰，卡面清洁；5.答题卡上不得使用涂改液，涂改胶和贴纸；6.本学科试卷共八大题，考试时量120分钟，满分200分。

一、选择题（本大题共26小题，每小题3分，共78分。

每小题只有1个选项符合题意。

请将符合题意的选项用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡相应位置）1.酒精是一种常用的消毒剂，在抗疫期间被广泛使用。

下列有关酒精性质的描述属于化学性质的是（）A.具有可燃性B.易挥发C.有特殊气味D.易溶于水2.今年，长沙的空气质量明显改善，空气是一种宝贵的自然资源。

下列说法正确的是（）A.洁净的空气是纯净物B.空气中体积分数最大的是氮气C.氧气有助燃性，常用作燃料D.空气中臭氧()3O含量少，属于稀有气体3.化学是一门以实验为基础的科学，取用液体药品时应注意安全、规范操作。

下列操作正确的是（）滴加液体倾倒液体量取液体体积稀释浓硫酸A B C D4.今年，“中国水周”的宣传主题为“坚持节水优先，建设幸福河湖”。

下列关于爱护水资源的说法正确的是（）A.地球上的总水储量很少，所以要节约用水B.为了节约用水，提倡直接用工业废水灌溉农田C.生活污水应逐步实现集中处理和排放D.为了防止水体污染，禁止使用化肥和农药5.“宏观——微观——符号”是学习化学的重要内容和方法。

如图是几种分子的模型，请由图分析，下列说法正确的是（）A.氧气含有氧元素，属于氧化物B.氢气由2个氢原子构成C.1个氨分子由1个氮原子和3个氢原子构成D.二氧化碳含有碳元素，属于有机物6.工业上常用煅烧石灰石的方法制取2CO，反应的化学方程式为：32CC OaCO a+CO↑高温。

1 2 3 4 5 6 D B A A B D 7 8 9 10 11
12 A
C
B
B
B
B
1．【参考答案】D 2．【参考答案】B 3．【参考答案】A 4．【参考答案】A
【全解全析】本题考查坚强意志的相关知识。

坚持意志要做到持之以恒，“雷海为每个周末都去书店看诗词，背诵默写，十年如一日”说明他有坚强意志，坚持不懈，A 符合题意；B 、C 说法与题意不符，排除；D 说法过于绝对，排除。

5．【参考答案】B
【全解全析】题文中一些山寨食品生产企业的行为，既是不道德的行为，违背了诚信的原则，也是违法行为，侵犯了消费者的知情权和公平教育权、安全权。

作为食品生产企业要提高道德水平，增强诚信意识和法律意识，B 观点正确，A 、C 、D 观点错误。

7．【参考答案】A
【全解全析】本题主要考查学生对遵守社会规则的认识和理解。

“用身体强行阻挡车门关闭”不仅是对自己生命的漠视，也危害了公共安全，给他人的生命造成巨大威胁，这种行为，违背了道德的要求，也触犯了我国的法律，必将受到法律的制裁。

社会规则划定了自由的边界，我们要发自内心的敬畏规则，将规则内化于心、外化于行。

故B 、C 、D 观点正确，但不符合题意，排除。

A 观点错误，符合题意。

8．【参考答案】C
【全解全析】此题旨在考查学生对未成年人的特殊保护的认识。

根据所学，为了保护未成年人的健康成长， 我国对未成年人设置了家庭保护、社会保护、学校保护和司法保护，教育部采取的措施，属于社会。

湖南省长沙市西雅中学2024届中考试题猜想物理试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。

2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试题卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、单项选择题（本大题7小题，每题3分，共21分）1．2018年4月6日，我国第二个深海潜水器“深海勇土”在南海进行试验，此次下潜作业能力达到水下4500m．潜水器在浅海潜水时，下列说法正确的是A．它在水面下下潜过程中，所受的压强变大B．它在水面下下潜过程中，所受的浮力变大C．它是通过改变自身的体积，实现上浮与下潜D．它在水面下匀速下潜过程中，机械能保持不变2．将滑动变阻器R1的滑片从一端移动到另一端的过程中，两电压表示数随电流表示数的变化图线如图乙所示，下列结果正确的是A．电源电压为14VB．滑动变阻器R1 的阻值最大为6ΩC．滑片在阻值最小端时，通电10s 电阻R0产生的电热160JD．滑片在阻值最大端时，通电10s 电阻R0消耗的电能为20J3．如图是“探究电磁铁磁性强弱的影响因素”的实验装置，闭合开关后，则下列说法错误的是A．甲电磁铁的磁性比乙强B．向左移动滑片P，发现甲、乙吸引大头针的数量均变多C．本实验过程中运用了控制变量法和转换法D．乙电磁铁的上端为N极4．如图是一种自动测定油箱内油面高度的装置，R是转动式滑动变阻器，它的金属滑片P是杠杆的一端，下列说法正确的是（）A．电路中R和R0是并联的B．油量表是由电流表改装而成的C．油位越高，流过R的电流越大D．油位越低，R两端的电压越小5．根据生活经验，下列数据符合实际的是（）A．一张试卷纸的厚度约为15mmB．炎热夏天，人体感觉最舒适的温度约为37℃C．一枚鸡蛋的质量大约是50gD．一般人正常步行的速度约为15km/h6．电视节目《舌尖上的中国2》中推出了扬州烫干丝：大白干切成细丝，反复洗烫，去尽豆腥味，浇上精制卤汁及芝麻油，佐以姜丝、虾米而成.下列有关烫干丝的说法中错误的是A．用热水洗烫干丝时通过热传递的方式增加了干丝的内能B．切成细丝的干丝“藕断丝连”是由于分子间存在斥力C．烫干丝香味四射说明分子在永不停息地做无规则运动D．烫干丝的温度越高越能入味说明分子运动快慢与温度有关7．下列说法正确的是A．验钞机是应用红外线验钞的B．核辐射对人体有害，核能不是清洁能源C．利用风能、水能可能成为未来理想能源的重要发展方向D．手机打接电话时是利用电磁波通信，而手机接WIFI信号上网不是利用电磁波二、填空题（本大题7小题，共21分）8．图甲是办公室和教室常用的立式饮水机，图乙为饮水机的铭牌参数，图丙为饮水机内部简化电路图．S是温控开关，R1是调节电阻，其阻值为198Ω，R2是供热电阻．型号YSJ﹣66额定电压220V加热功率2200W水箱容积2L频率50Hz（1）当开关_____时（选填“断开”或“闭合”），饮水机处于加热状态．（2）现将装满水箱的水烧开，水吸收的热量是多少_____？[水的初温为20℃，在1标准大气压下，c水=4.2×103J/（kg•℃），ρ水=1.0×103kg/m3]（3）当饮水机处于保温状态时，供热电阻的功率是多少_____？9．小明家电能表表盘上标有“3000r/(kW·h)”的字样，其物理意义是_____．将某电热器单独接在该电能表上，正常工作30min，电能表转盘转动了300 转，则该用电器在这段时间内消耗的电能是_____kW·h，该电热器的额定功率是_____W ，电阻是_____Ω．10．自2019年3月18日起我省庐铜铁路陆续开通客运列车，庐铜铁路线路总长114公里，设计时速120公里。

理科综合第1页（共3页）理科综合第2页（共3页）理科综合第3页（共3页）请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！2019年中考考前最后一卷【湖南长沙A 卷】理科综合·答题卡第Ⅰ卷（请用2B 铅笔填涂）第Ⅱ卷（请在各试题的答题区内作答）请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！1[A][B][C][D]2[A][B][C][D]3[A][B][C][D]4[A][B][C][D]5[A][B][C][D]6[A][B][C][D]7[A][B][C][D]8[A][B][C][D]9[A][B][C][D]10[A][B][C][D]11[A][B][C][D]12[A][B][C][D]13[A][B][C][D]14[A][B][C][D]15[A][B][C][D]16[A][B][C][D]17[A][B][C][D]18[A][B][C][D]19[A][B][C][D]20[A][B][C][D]21[A][B][C][D]22[A][B][C][D]23[A][B][C][D]24[A][B][C][D]25[A][B][C][D]26[A][B][C][D]27[A][B][C][D]28．____________________________（每空2分）29．_____________________________（每空2分）30．____________________________（每空2分）31．____________________________（每空2分）32．（1）_____________（2）_____________（3）_____________（每空2分）33．（1）_____________（2）___________________________________________（3）_____________（每空2分）34．（1）__________________________________________（2）_______________（3）_____________________________________________________（每空2分）请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！35．（1）___________（2）________（每空2分）36．（1）_____________（2）_____________（3）_____________（每空2分）37．（1）__________________________（2）__________________________（3）_____________（4）_____________（每空1分）38．（6分）39．（8分）40．（4分）（1）____________（2分）（2）______________（2分）41．（6分）（1）_________________________________________________（3分）（2）________________________________________________（3分）42．（6分，每空2分）（1）____________（2）_______________________________（3）_______43．（4分，每空2分）（1）_______________（2）________________________________44．（6分，每空2分）（1）________________________________________（2）________（3）________________________________________________45．（5分）（1）______________（2分）（2）___________________________________________（3分）46．（6分，每空2分）（1）______________（2）______________（3）________________________________________________47．（12分，每空2分）（猜想与假设）______________________________________（实验探究）_________________________________________________________________________________（拓展延伸）_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________48．（6分）（1）____________（2分）（2）（4分）请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！姓名：__________________________准考证号：贴条形码区考生禁填：缺考标记违纪标记以上标记由监考人员用2B 铅笔填涂选择题填涂样例：正确填涂错误填涂[×][√][／]1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名，准考证号填写清楚，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号，在规定位置贴好条形码。

2019 年中考考前最后一卷【湖南B 卷】数学·全解全析1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12CBCBBCADBCAD1. 【参照答案】 C1) =1 ，因此 - 5 的倒数为1，应选 C ．【全解全析】 由于 ( 5) (552. 【参照答案】 B【全解全析】 A 选项： (a b)2a22ab b 2 ，故错误； B 选项： a6a3a6 3a 3，故正确；C 选项： ( 2x 2y)3( 2)3(x 2 )3y38x 6y 3 ，故错误； D 选项： 2、3 不可以直接相加，故错误，应选B ． 3． 【参照答案】 C【全解全析】 ×109，应选C ．4．【参照答案】 B【全解全析】 四棱锥的主视图与俯视图不一样．应选B ． 5． 【参照答案】 B【全解全析】 ∵直线 a ∥ b ，∴∠ 2= ∠ 3，∵∠ 1=72°，∴∠ 3=108°，∴∠ 2=108°，应选 B ． 6． 【参照答案】 C【全解全析】 ∵点 A （ a ，b ）在第二象限，∴ a<0，b>0，∴ - b<0，∴点 B （a ， - b ）在第三象限．应选C ． 7． 【参照答案】 A【全解全析】 由题意可知甲的方差最小，则应当选择甲，应选 A ． 8． 【参照答案】 D【全解全析】 ∵a 、b 是一元二次方程x 2 +3x- 6=0 的两个不相等的根，∴ a 2+3 a- 6=0，即 a 2 =- 3a+6，a+b=- 3，则 a 2- 3b=- 3a+6 - 3b=- 3（a+b ） +6=- 3×（ - 3） +6=9+6=15 ，应选 D ．9. 【参照答案】 B2m 3 03【全解全析】 ∵一次函数 y=（ 2m- 3） x- 1+ m 的图象不经过第三象限，∴m 0 ，解得 1≤m< ．1 2应选 B ．10. 【参照答案】 C【全解全析】 A ．外角为 120°，则相邻的内角为 60°，依占有一个角为 60°的等腰三角形是等边三角形能够判断，故 A 选项正确；B.等边三角形有 3 条对称轴，故 B 选项正确；C. 当两个三角形中两边及一角对应相等时，此中假如角是这两边的夹角时，可用SAS 来判断两个三角形全等，假如角是此中一边的对角时，则可不可以判断这两个三角形全等，故 C 选项错误；D. 利用SSS．能够判断三角形全等．故 D 选项正确，应选C． 11．【参照答案】 Ax y 100【全解全析】设用 x 块板材做桌子，用 y 块板材做椅子，使得恰巧配套，依据题意得2x，应选 A．3y12．【参照答案】 D【全解全析】如图，作B′H⊥ DC′于 H．设BD=DB ′=x，则CD=DC ′=6-x．∵∠ A=60°，∴∠B+∠C=120°，由翻折不变性可知：∠B=∠ DB ′B，∠C=∠ DC ′C，∴∠BDB′+∠ CDC′=120°，∴∠ B′DC′=60，°∴ B′H=x·sin60o= 3x，∴ S DB′C′1 3x（6- x） =-329 3 ，∴ S DB′C′= （ x- 3）+△2△2 2 4 4的值先增大后减小，应选D ． 13．【参照答案】y（ x- y）2【全解全析】x2y- 2xy2+y3=y（ x2- 2xy+y2） =y（ x- y）2，故答案为：y（ x- y）2．14. 【参照答案】x 1【全解全析】方程的两边都乘以(x 1) ，得 x2 1 ，因此 x 1 ．当 x 1 时， x 1 0，因此1 不是原方程的根；当x 1 时， x 1 2 0，因此- 1是原方程的根．因此原方程的解为 x 1．故答案为： x 1 ．15.【参照答案】 12【全解全析】设这个正多边的外角为 x°，由题意得： x+5x=180，解得： x=30，360°÷30°=12．故答案为： 12．16.【参照答案】 36°【全解全析】∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形，∴∠ D =∠ B=52°，由折叠的性质得：∠ D ′=∠ D=52°，∠ EAD′=∠DAE =20°，∴∠ AEF=∠ D+∠ DAE=52°+20°=72°，∠ AED′=180-°∠ EAD ′-∠D′=108，°∴∠ FED ′=108-°72°=36°，故答案为： 36°．17.【参照答案】 6r ，依据题意得：60πr【全解全析】设扇形的半径为=2π，解得：r=6，故答案为：6．18018.【参照答案】30【全解全析】设塔高CD 为 x 米，在Rt△ BCD 中，∵∠ CBD =45°，∴ BD =CD =x，∵AB=20 米，∴ AD=BD+AB=（20+x）米，在 Rt△ ACD 中，∵∠ CAD=31°，CD，即x 330 米，故答案为： 30．∴ tan∠ CAD =20 x ，解得： x=30 ，即塔高约为AD 5 19. 【参照答案】- 1．1 2 3 3【全解全析】原式 4 3（2 分）2=1- 3+4- 3（ 4 分）=- 1．（ 6 分）20.【参照答案】不等式组的解集为 - 1≤x<3，将不等式组的解集表示在数轴上见全解全析．3(x 2) 2x 5①【全解全析】 1 3x ，2x 1②2解不等式①，得：x≥- 1，（ 2 分）解不等式②，得：x<3 ，则不等式组的解集为- 1≤x<3，（ 4 分）将不等式组的解集表示在数轴上以下：（6分）21．【参照答案】（ 1） a=45 ， b=39 ，，补全条形统计图见全解全析；（1 2） 624；（ 3）．4【全解全析】（ 1）由题意可得出：样本容量为：57÷0.38=150（人），∴a=150×0.3=45 ， b=150- 57- 45- 9=39，（ 2 分）c=39 ÷，补全条形统计图以下图：（3 分）（2）若该校共有初中生2400 名，该校“不重视阅读数学文化史册籍”的初中人数约为：2400×0.26=624 （人）．（ 5 分）（3）列表格以下：A B C DA A，A BA CA DAB AB BB CB DBC AC BC CC DCD AD BD CD DD共有 16 种等可能结果，此中两人恰巧选中同一本数学文化史类书本的结果有 4 种，因此两人恰巧选中同一本书的概率为： P= 4 1．（ 8分）16 422.【参照答案】（ 1）证明见全解全析；（ 2） 16 5．【全解全析】（ 1）在 Rt△ ADB 中，∵∠ ADE =90°，AB =BE ，1∴DB=AE =AB=BE，2∵DC∥ BE，DC =AB=BE ，∴四边形BECD 是平行四边形，（ 2 分）∵BD=BE，∴四边形BECD 是菱形．（ 4 分）（ 2）如图，连结BC 交 DE 于 O．∵四边形BECD 是菱形，∴ BC⊥ DE ，DO =OE，∴BO∥AD，∵AB=BE，1∴ OB= AD =4， OD ==2 5，（6 分）2∴ BC=8 ，DE=4 5 ，1∴ S 菱形BECD = ·BC·DE=16 5．（8 分）223.【参照答案】（1）应购进A 型台灯 75 盏， B 型台灯 25 盏；（ 2）商场购进 A 型台灯25 盏， B 型台灯 75 盏，销售完这批台灯时赢利最多，此时收益为1875 元．【全解全析】（1）设商场应购进 A 型台灯 x 盏，则 B 型台灯为（ 100- x）盏，依据题意得，30x+50 （ 100- x） =3500，（ 2 分）解得 x=75 ，因此 100- 75=25，答：应购进 A 型台灯75 盏， B 型台灯25 盏．（ 4 分）（ 2）设商场销售完这批台灯可赢利y 元，则 y=（ 45- 30）x+（ 70- 50）（ 100- x）=15x+2000- 20x=- 5x+2000，（ 6 分）∵ B 型台灯的进货数目不超出 A 型台灯数目的 3 倍，∴100- x≤3x，∴x≥25，∵- 5<0，∴x=25 时， y 获得最大值，为 - 5×25+2000=1875 （元）．答：商场购进 A 型台灯25 盏， B 型台灯75 盏，销售完这批台灯时赢利最多，此时收益为1875 元．（ 9 分）169 24.【参照答案】（1）证明见全解全析；（ 2）证明见全解全析；（ 3）．10【全解全析】（1）如图，连结OD．∵∠ BAD =∠ CAD，，∴DB CD∴∠ BOD =∠COD =90°，∵BC∥ PD ，∴∠ ODP =∠BOD =90°，∴OD⊥ PA，∴PD 是⊙ O 的切线．（ 3 分）（2）∵BC∥PD，∴∠ PDC =∠ BCD．∵∠ BCD =∠ BAD，∴∠ BAD =∠ PDC，∵∠ ABD +∠ ACD=180°，∠ ACD +∠ PCD =180°，∴∠ ABD =∠ PCD，∴△ BAD ∽△ CDP ，∴AB BD，CD CP∴AB· CP=BD ·CD ．（ 6 分）（3）∵BC是直径，∴∠BAC=∠ BDC=90°，∵AB=5， AC=12，∴ BC=52+122=13，∴ BD=CD=13 2，2∵ AB · CP=BD ·CD ．13 2 13 2 169．（ 9 分）∴ PC=2 2 =5 1025. 【参照答案】 （ 1） k3；（2）4 3；（ 3） P 点坐标为： (1，3)或( 1， 3)．333【全解全析】 （ 1）把 x=3 代入 y3x ，得 y=1，3∴ A （ 3 ，1），把点 ( 31)k，解得： k3．（3分），代入 yx（2） ∵把 y=3 代入函数 y3，得 x=3 ，x3∴ C (3，3)，3设过 A ， C 两点的直线方程为：y kx b ，把点(3 ，1)，(3，3)，代入得：313k b3 k ，3b3解得k3 ，b 4∴ y 3x 4 ，设 y3x 4 与 x 轴交点为 D ，则 D 点坐标为 (4 3，0)， 3∴S△AOC△CODS△AOD 1 4 3 3 1 4 3 143．（7分）S 2 3 2 3 3（3）设P点坐标(a，3a)，由直线AB分析式可知，直线AB 与y轴正半轴夹角为60 ，3∵以 O 、 M 、 P 、 N 为极点的四边形是有一组对角为60 的菱形， P 在直线 y 3x 上，3∴点 M 只好在y轴上，∴ N 点的横坐标为 a ，代入 y 3，解得纵坐标为： 3 ，x a依据 OP NP ，即得： | 2 3a|=| 33a| ，3 a 3解得： a 1．故 P 点坐标为： (1， 3 )或( 1，3)．（10分）3 326．【参照答案】（1）C（ 3，0），A（1，4），B（6，9）；（ 2）17 73 ，n= 37 73 ．<t<5；（ 3）m=2 2 2【全解全析】（ 1）∵ y=x2 - 6x+9= （ x- 3）2，∴极点坐标为C（ 3， 0）．y x2 6x 9联立y x 3，解得： x 1 或 x 6 ．y 4 y 9∴ A（ 1， 4）， B（6， 9）．（ 3 分）（2）由题意可知：新抛物线的极点坐标E（ 3- t， 1），设直线 AC 的分析式为 y=kx+b，k b 4将 A（ 1，4）， C（ 3， 0）代入 y=kx+b 中，∴，3k b0k 2解得，b 6∴直线AC 的分析式为y=- 2x+6．1当点 E 在直线 AC 上时， - 2（3- t）+6=1 ，解得： t=．2当点 E 在直线AD 上时，（ 3- t） +3=1，解得： t=5，1∴当点 E 在△ DAC 内时，<t<5．（ 6 分）2（3）如图，直线AB与y轴交于点F，连结CF，过点P作PM⊥AB于点M，PN⊥x轴于点N，交DB于点G．由直线 y=x+3 与 x 轴交于点 D，与 y 轴交于点F，得 D （- 3， 0）， F（ 0，3），∴ OD=OF=3．∵∠ FOD =90°，∴∠ OFD =∠ ODF=45°．∵ OC=OF =3，∠ FOC=90°，∴ CF= OC2 OF2 =3 2，∠ OFC =∠OCF =45°，∴∠ DFC =∠ DFO +∠ OFC=45°+45°=90°，∴ CF ⊥AB ．1 1∵△ PAB 的面积是△ ABC 面积的 2 倍，∴AB· PM =2×AB·CF，2 22．（8分）∴ PM=2 CF=6∵PN⊥ x 轴，∠ FDO =45°，∴∠ DGN =45°，∴∠ PGM=45°．PM PM 6 2在 Rt△ PGM 中， sin∠ PGM= ，∴ PG= = 2 =12 ．PG sin 45 2∵点 G 在直线∵- 3<m<1，∴点 P 在点 G 的上方，∴ PG=n- （ m+3），∴ n=m+15．∵ P（ m， n）在抛物线y=x2- 6x+9 上，∴ m2- 6m+9= n，∴ m2- 6m+9= m+15，解得： m= 773．2∵ - 3<m<1，∴ m= 7 73不合题意，舍去，∴ m=7 73，∴ n=m+15=37 73．（ 10 分）2 2 2。

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第Ⅰ卷一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题3分，共36分）16．下列关于声现象的说法不正确的是A．15 ℃时空气中的声速是340 m/sB．将要上钩的鱼会被岸上的说话声或脚步声吓跑，是因为水能传播声音C．“低声细语”中的“低”描述的是声音的音调D．超声波清洗机是利用声波传递能量17．清澈平静的湖面上空，一只小燕子正向下俯冲捕食，下列说法正确的是A．小燕子在湖水中的像是由光的反射形成的B．小燕子在湖水中的像是由光的直线传播形成的C．俯冲过程中，小燕子在湖水中的像越来越大D．俯冲过程中，小燕子在湖水中的像越来越小18．在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中，蜡烛、凸透镜和光屏的位置如图所示，烛焰在光屏上恰好成一清晰等大的实像，下列说法正确的是A．该凸透镜的焦距是20 cmB．将蜡烛移动到20 cm刻度处，移动光屏可得到倒立、放大的实像C．将蜡烛移动到35 cm刻度处，为使烛焰在光屏上成一清晰的像，应向右移动光屏D．将蜡烛移动到45 cm刻度处，为使烛焰在光屏上成一清晰的像，应向右移动光屏19．甲、乙两杯水温度各为40 ℃、60 ℃，下列说法正确的是A．只有加热才能使水升温B．甲杯中水的内能一定比乙杯中的小C．乙杯中水的温度降低，水的内能一定减小D．甲杯中的水分子运动一定比乙杯中的剧烈20．生活中有很多地方涉及物理知识，下列说法错误的是A．甲：A、B两人在小车上静止，A推B，两人都后退，说明力的作用是相互的B．乙：乒乓球能被球拍击回是因为乒乓球太轻，没有惯性C．丙：在木块被拉回桌面的过程中，木块受到的摩擦力不变D．丁：推箱子不动，水平推力等于摩擦力21．如图所示，小球在一个光滑没有摩擦的轨道上从O点由静止释放，小球始终没有离开轨道，你认为小球A．最终能滚到d点B．运动过程中机械能变小C．c点速度等于O点D．a到b过程中重力势能变大22．同学们梳理了教材中与压强知识相关的实验，如图所示，其中分析正确的是A．甲图实验，装有水的瓶子竖放在海绵上，瓶中水越少，海绵凹陷越明显B ．乙图实验，当压强计的探头在水中的深度逐渐增大时，U 形管两边液面高度差变小C ．丙图实验，测出拉开吸盘时大气对吸盘的压力和吸盘的面积，可估测大气压强的值D ．丁图实验，向外拉活塞，试管内停止沸腾的水再次沸腾，可知气压减小，水的沸点升高23．小云观察到他家里的电冰箱冷藏室里有一盏照明灯和小风扇，他看到：当冰箱门打开时，照明灯亮而风扇停转；当冰箱门关闭时，照明灯熄而风扇转。

理科综合试题 第1页（共14页） 理科综合试题 第2页（共14页）绝密★启用前|学科网考试研究中心命制2018年中考考前最后一卷【湖南长沙A 卷】理科综合（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：200分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

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3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

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4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

相对原子质量：H ：1 C ：12 O ：16 S ：32 Na ：23 Cl ：35.5 Ca ：40第Ⅰ卷一、选择题（本大题共27小题，每小题3分，共81分） 1．下列叙述中一定包含了化学变化的是A ．支付宝付款B ．生铁冶炼为高铁用钢C ．共享单车扫码解锁D ．石油分馏得汽油、柴油等 2．下面有关空气成分的说法不一致的是A ．空气的成分按质量计算，氧气约占21%B ．氮气可作保护气，因为氮气的化学性质稳定C ．氧气可用于医疗急救，因为氧气可供给呼吸D ．二氧化碳可以灭火，因为二氧化碳既不燃烧也不支持燃烧 3．下列实验操作中，符合操作规范的是A ．B ．C ．D ．4．下列有关水的说法正确的是A ．江水可以通过沉降、过滤、吸附转化成纯净水B ．电解水时在负极得到氧气C ．收集城市雨水替代绿化、冲厕等使用的自来水D ．向硬水中加入肥皂水产生的浮渣少5．室内空气污染已经成为威胁人们健康的“隐形杀手”。

下面有关说法不正确的是A ．新装修的房间里闻到刺激性气味，说明分子在不断运动B ．竹炭、活性炭可以用来吸附甲醛，说明原子可以保持化学性质C ．不同的有害成分对人体的影响也不同，说明分子不同化学性质也不同D ．夏天刚装修的房子气味比冬天大，说明温度越高分子运动越快6．钇元素（Y ）是一种稀土元素，磷钇矿的主要成分磷酸钇化学式为YPO x ，其中磷元素为+5价、钇元素为+3价，则x 的数值为 A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．47．2018年1月2日湖南省永州市冷水滩区工业园区一民房发生火灾，造成重大人员伤亡。

湖南省长沙县市级名校2024届中考试题猜想英语试卷含答案请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。

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2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。

Ⅰ. 单项选择1、The terrible earthquake happened ________ 13: 46 ________ the afternoon of March 11th.A．on; in B．at: on C．at; in D．on; on2、—Dad! Could you drive a little faster? I’ll be late for the exam.—, dear! We still have twenty minutes left.A．No wonder B．No way C．No hurry D．No problem3、I caught _______ bad cold because of _______ heavy shower last night.A．a; the B．a; a C．the; the D．the; a4、I _____ the way. I ______ here for quite many years.A．knew...have lived B．knew... live C．know...have lived D．know (iv)5、— Excuse me. How can I get to Shanzihe Airport?— Take Shanghai Road, follow the __________ a nd you can’t miss it.A．way B．traffic C．notices D．signs6、—_____ do you _____ English?—I like it very much.A．What; think of B．What; like C．How; like to7、Why not ___________ your teacher for help when you can’t finish ___________ it by yourself?A．ask; write B．to ask; writing C．ask; writing D．asking; write8、—Do you know that another new book last week?—Sounds great. I’d like to read it.A．thought about B．came out C．went out D．talked about9、—Can you spare time to come to our Thanksgiving party?—Well, I don’t knowA．that I can finish my work by thenB．if can I finish the work by thenC．whether I can finish the work by then10、—Shall we watch the popular TV play “All Is Well”now?—________. The news report is on.A．Better not B．Sounds great C．I think so D．Good ideaⅡ. 完形填空11、Paper cutting is a traditional art in China. It has a long history. The kind of art went 1 the invention of paper in Han Dynasty，once became one of the main forms of art，and was 2 with the people of that time.Most of the paper cutting artists are women. The themes of their works usually include everything in people's 3 life. Familiarity makes them understand the real 4 of the art.The main tool for paper cutting is 5 ．Once they are owned by a master (主人) of paper cutting，they will do so 6 that they become so supernatural and their paper cuttings are beyond (超过) imagination of a common pair of scissors. 7 tool for paper cutting is engraving knives which are necessary to improve effect (效果) or to make a delicate (精巧) job.Art comes from life and 8 life. Paper cutting is very popular in the countryside. The bright colors of red，green or light blue art pieces provide a strong foil (衬托) to set off a merry atmosphere (气氛)．9 they are often found in wedding ceremonies (结婚典礼) or festivals in China. And people like to decorate their windows and doors10 these colorful art pieces of different shapes and sizes whether they are birds，animals or flowers. 1．A．before B．after C．at2．A．popular B．discovered C．filled3．A．every B．each C．everyday4．A．spirit B．mark C．way5．A．scissor B．scissors C．a scissor6．A．good B．well C．bad7．A．Another B．More C．Only8．A．leaves B．provides C．serves9．A．But B．Though C．So10．A．use B．using C．usedⅢ. 语法填空12、I knew we needed to find that shoe, for our mother couldn’t afford new shoes. I had to go back to find it, so I told my sister to wait right1．.A man heard it and stopped me just2．I walked off. He asked me, “You are leaving your sister here to find the shoe? What would you do if she is not here when you return?” I didn’t know how to answer that question. He3．, “It’s OK if you can’t find the shoe, but it is not OK to lose your sister.” Then he sent us to mum’s workplace by taxi.During my whole life I have depended on the kindness of many strangers, I feel sorry that I can’t find them and say‘thank you’. I do not even remember what their faces4．, but they taught me a lesson --- people are more important than things.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、After arriving in New Jersey, US, for a one-year cultural exchange program, I noticed that many local people love Chinese culture. I felt like sharing our culture with them. As one of the 13th-generation disciples of Chen-style tai chi, I set up a tai chi club for local primary students. My tai chi program lasted for 10 weeks, with classes taking place every Tuesday.I have been in several cultural exchange programs before, but I haven’t really worked with little kids. It wa s a little intimidating for me at first. Kids are extremely noisy and active. It was challenging enough just to take control of the class. In the beginning, we could only go over a few gestures during each class, as I spent most of my time working on class discipline (纪律).However, as the class went on, we grew more and more familiar with each other. Slowly, I found the fun and sense of achievement that lies under the kids’ nervousness and tiredness. Watching the kids learn tai chi under my instruction was exciting. Nothing made me happier than seeing their smiles after learning a new gesture. With each punch, kick and stretch, I could sense their progress and their interest in learning. They asked me many questions about tai chi.This experience also improved my leadership. I realized that it was important to unite the whole class and encourage kids to help one another when they meet difficulties. I will try my best to spread tai chi culture here.1．What can we infer from Paragraph 1?A．The author is good at tai chi.B．Foreigners have no interest in tai chi.C．There are many tai chi clubs in New Jersey.D．The author went to New Jersey many years ago.2．What was the biggest challenge for the author while teaching primary school students?A．The age gap. B．Language ability.C．Class discipline. D．Cultural differences.3．The third paragraph mainly describes _____.A．what the author taughtB．the difficulties that the author metC．what the author gained through teachingD．why the author decided to teach kids tai chi4．The author thought that his experience was _____.A．Intimidating. B．Terrible. C．Boring. D．Meaningful.B14、1．If Joe wanted to buy the cheapest ticketA．Pre - sale ⅠB．Pre – sale ⅡC．Pre – sale ⅢD．Expo Session 2．On March 1，6，Sue bought two Standard Day tickets for her parents.She paid ________ for them.A．￥380 B．￥300 C．￥260 D．￥1803．It cost Thomas ￥160 to get a ticket for Standard Day.He probably bought it on ．A．April 23，2009 B．August l，2009C．February 2，6 D．May 20，64．Kathy spent 900 yuan on a ticket for Shanghai Expo．Her visit can last days．A．one B．three C．seven D．ten5．Visitors to Shanghai Expo could buy tickets only after May 1，6．A．morning B．afternoon C．evening D．midnightC15、“Do you want to come with me?” Kelly asked her brother, “I’m going to meet some friends at the bike course. We’re going to practice for the race next week.”“No, thanks,” Marcu s replied. He was sporty. Most sports were a piece of cake to him. He knew he would win.When the race day finally arrived, Marcus and Kelly rode their bikes to the Oak Park Trails with their parents.“My stomach feels like I ate some butterflies,” Kelly t old Marcus when they saw the crowd of kids.“Don’t worry. You’ll do fine,” Marcus said.The starter shouted “Go”. Marcus quickly rode to the front. A few minutes later there wasn’t anyone ahead of him! Marcus raced along the trail. Time passed, and he was surprised that the course was so long.His tired legs felt like they weighed a hundred pounds. All at once, a flash of color caught his eye. There was a line of bike riders ahead him! “How could this be?” Marcus said to himself as he pushed forward. “I mus t have taken a wrong turn,” he thought Marcus tried hard, but he realized his speed wouldn’t be enough this time and bike course was just as important.After the race, Marcus saw his sister at the finish line, and he rode over to her. “Wow, you must have d one a good job in the race. What place did you get?” Marcus asked Kelly.“I came in third place. Mom and Dad said I would even receive a medal(奖牌)!” Kelly answered excitedly.“That’s great! I came in ninth place. But I’ll do better next year because I’ll b e smart enough to practice the course with you,” Marcus replied with a smile.1．When Kelly said “My stomach feels like I ate some butterflies,” we know that she felt ______.A．excited B．surprised C．nervous D．angry2．What does the underline word “this” refer to?A．Marcus felt very tired. B．Marcus took a wrong turn.C．Some bike riders lost their way. D．Some bike riders were in front of Marcus.3．What would probably happen the following year?A．Marcus would prepare for the race.B．Marcus would receive a medal in the race.C．Marcus would train his sister on the course.D．Marcus would ask his friends to take part in the race.D16、A beautiful and very successful actress played the lead role in a new musical show. Her home was in the countryside,but she did not want to go back there every night, so she bought an expensive house in the centre of the city, she got some beautiful furniture(家具) and had a man to paint the rooms in new colours.It was very difficult to get tickets for her show, because everybody wanted to see it. So she decided to give the painter two of the best seats. She hoped that this would make him work better for her. He took the tickets without saying anything, and she heard no more about them until the end of the m onth, when she got the painter’s bill (帐单). At the bottom of it were these words: “Four hours watching Miss Hall sing and dance : 3 pounds,” with this note: “ After 5 p.m.I get 15 shillings (先令) an hour instead of 10 shillings.”1．The actress bought a house in the centre of the city because _________.A．she liked to live in the busiest placeB．she didn’t like to live in the countryC．her home was far away from where she workedD．she didn’t want to go back to her hometown any longer2．It can be learned from the text that one pound is_________ shillings.A．10 B．12 C．20 D．153．What kind of man was the painter?A．He was a careful man.B．He was a poor man.C．He was not friendly to others.D．He knew little about music and dances.E17、Y ou are given many chances in life to choose to be a victim(受害者) or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, then internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are persons who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same problems, yet their experience oflife is different worlds. Victims are easy to be in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others--and even themselves--to feel like victims, too. Creators choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire（鼓舞）not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to decide the direction of their lives.In fact, all of us play the victim or the creator at different points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and go into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the sadness, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative strength in his life.In every moment and every situation, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear goal to change the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.1．What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A．People and things around you. B．Chances and problems.C．Creators and their choices. D．Victims and their sufferings.2．What can we learn from the passage?A．Creators have the ability to predict future life.B．Creators deal with ups and downs of life wisely.C．Victims can influence more people than creators.D．Victims and creators face quite different things in life.3．The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________.A．strong feelings of sufferings in life pull people into victims.B．people need family support to deal with sufferings in life.C．it takes creators quite a long time to clear out their pains.D．one’s experiences decide his attitude toward his life.4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage?A．To describe victims and creators.B．To compare victims with creators.C．To suggest changing from victims to creators.D．To explain the relation between victims and creators.F18、The sun give s energy and the earth receives the sun’s energy. The way the earth interacts with the sun’s energy can be displayed in a picture called the earth’s energy budget（预算）. It displays the sun’s energy that reaches us and how much of that energy is taken in and how much is thrown back by the earth and its air. Once the energy reaches the earth,some of it is taken by land and oceans. The amount of energy that is taken in influences the temperatures. The energy that is not taken in is thrown back to space.Genera lly, the amount of energy coming in is____the amount of energy going out. So, we say the earth’s energy budget is balanced. If more energy was coming in than was going out, the earth’s temperature would increase. On the other hand, if too much energy is th rown back, and not taken in, we would see the earth’s temperature dropping.Of all of the sun’s energy that hits the earth, about 67% is taken in by the land, oceans, air and clouds and about 33% is thrown back into space.1．The picture above shows us how ________ hits the earth.A．the high temperature B．the heavy rain C．the sun’s energy2．In the 2nd paragraph, the underlined phrase “equal to ” means “______”.A．less than B．the same as C．more than3．Picture ______ shows us the main idea of the last paragraph.A．B．C．4．If too much energy is thrown back, we will feel ______on the earth.A．cold B．hot C．warm5．The amount of energy that is _______ influences the temperatures.A．well balancedB．thrown backC．taken inⅤ.书面表达19、三年的初中生活接近尾声，回首过去你充满依恋，展望未来你豪情满怀。