Book3Unit1的单词全英文讲解

Book3Unit11.take place 发生The next meeting will take place on Thursday. Talks between the two sides are still taking place.Major changes are taking place in society.Occur happen come about break outHe took second place in the long jump. If you would like to take your places, the food will be served shortly.take the place of somebody/something also take somebody's/something's place(possession)[= replace] under/in one’s charge in the charge of sbNatural methods of pest control are now taking the place of chemicals. I had to find someone to take Jenny's place. 2.beauty n.美;美人1）appearance [uncountable] a quality that people, places, or things have that makes them very attractive to look at: her beauty and grace an area of outstanding natural beauty2）woman [countable] a woman who is very beautiful: She was considered a great beauty in her youth.3）poem/music/emotion etc [uncountable] a quality that something such as a poem, song, emotion etc has, which gives you pleasure or joy the beauty of Shakespeare's verse4）advantage the beauty of something a particularly good quality that makes something especially suitable or useful: The beauty of e-mail is its speed and ease of use.beauty is in the eye of the beholder used to say that different people have different opinions about what is beautiful beauty contest beauty queen beauty mark/spot3．harvest n.vt.vi.收获;收割vt. Vi. to gather crops from the fields1）[uncountable and countable] the time when crops are gathered from the fields, or the act of gathering themat harvest/at harvest time wheat/rice/grape etc harvest2）[countable] the crops that have been gathered, or the amount and quality of the crops gatheredgood/bumper harvest (=a lot of crops) Plum growers are expecting a bumper harvest this year.poor/bad harvest (=few crops)3）reap a harvest t o get good or bad results from your actions: You reap what you sowThe company is now reaping the harvest of careful planning. Harvest festival (thanksgiving day)4.celebration n.庆祝;祝贺celebrate Christmas/Thanksgiving1）[countable] an occasion or party when you celebrate something anniversary/birthday etc celebrations2）[singular, uncountable] the act of celebrating in celebration of somethinga reception in celebration of the Fund's 70th Anniversary The show is a celebration of new young talent.I think this is a cause for celebration (=reason to celebrate).in charge of in search of In honor of in memory of in need ofIn place of in praise of in the hope of in favor ofIn case of in view of in support ofIn exchange for in return for in reward for in preparation forif something is done or made in memory of someone, it is done to remember them and remind other people of them after they have died: a statue in memory of those who died in the warShe set up a charitable fund in her father's memory.have a good/excellent/ bad/poor/terrible etc memory for nameslose your memory remain/stay in your memory bring back memories5.hunter n.狩猎者;猎人bargain hunter6.starve vi.vt.使饿死;饿得要死1）[intransitive] to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat:Thousands of people will starve if food doesn't reach the city. pictures of starving childrenThey'll either die from the cold or starve to death (=die from lack of food).be starved to death2）[transitive] to prevent someone from having enough food to live: The poor dog looked like it had been starved. 3）be starving also be starved American English to be very hungry:You must be starving! starve somebody/something of something phrasal verbto not give something that is needed: The schools are starved of funding.The poor kid is just starved for attention. hungry for (eager thirsty dying)She is hungry for success. hungry to do somethingStan was hungry to learn. people dying of starvation [uncountable] starvation wages extremely low wages 7.origin n.起源;由来;起因1）also origins [plural] the place or situation in which something begins to exista new theory to explain the origins of the universein origin Most coughs are viral in origin.The word is French in origin.The tradition has its origins in the Middle Ages. old folk tales of unknown origincountry/place of origin (=where something came from) All meat should be clearly labelled with its country of origin. 2）also origins [plural] the country, race, or type of family which someone comes fromof French/German/Asian etc origin Two thirds of the pupils are of Asian origin.The form asks for information about the person's ethnic origin. Immigrants rarely return to their country of origin. She never forgot her humble origins (=low class or social position)..Source a thing, place, activity etc that you get something from: They get their money from various sources.a useful source of information Beans are a very good source of protein.For me, music is a great source of enjoyment. the country's main source of income energy/food/light source original1）first [only before noun] existing or happening first, before other people or things:The land was returned to its original owner.The kitchen still has many original features (=parts that were there when the house was first built).the original meaning of the word The original plan was to fly out to New York.2）new completely new and different from anything that anyone has thought of before:I don't think George is capable of having original ideas! A highly original design3）a work of art [only before noun] an original work of art is the one that was made by the artist and is not a copy: The original painting is now in the National Gallery in London.8.religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的Christianity Christian religion1）relating to religion in general or to a particular religion: I don't share her religious beliefs.a religious school the dates of major religious observances such as Easter or Christmas2）believing strongly in your religion and obeying its rules carefully:A deeply religious person9.*seasonal adj.季节的；季节性的Seasonal rains seasonal workers/employment etcseasonal jobs in the tourist industry10.ancestor n.祖先；祖宗descendant forefather My ancestors were French.Lions and house cats evolved from a common ancestor (=the same ancestor).Babbage's invention was the ancestor of the modern computer.11.Obon n.坟墓；墓地Obon is one of the most important Japanese traditions. People believe that their ancestors' spirits come back to their homes to be reunited with their family during Obon and pray for the spirits. For the reason, Obon is an important family gathering time, and many people return to their hometowns.Japanese people clean their houses and place a variety of food offerings such as vegetables and fruits to the spirits of ancestors in front of a butsudan (Buddhist altar). Chochin lanterns and arrangements of flower are usually placed by the butsudan.floating lanterns) is a tradition often observed during Obon. People send off their ancestors' spirits with the lanterns, lit by a candle inside and floated down a river to the ocean.12.grave n.熏香；熏香的烟the place in the ground where a dead body is buried [↪ tomb]:At the head of the grave there was a small wooden cross.13.Mexico n.墨西哥（拉丁美洲的国家）Mexican14.feast n.节日；盛宴a wedding feast The king promised to hold a great feast for all his people.Next week's film festival should be a real feast for cinema-goers. The play is also a visual feast.A feast for the eyes15.*skull n.头脑；头骨Skull and crossbones1）a picture of a human skull with two bones crossed below it, used in past times on the flags of pirate ships2）a picture of a human skull with two bones crossed below it, used on containers to show that what is inside is poison or very dangerous Skull cap beanie16.bone n.骨；骨头skin and bone v ery thin: She was all skin and bone.on the bone meat that is served on the bone is still joined to the bone:a boiled ham on the bone off the bone meat that is served off the bone has been cut away from the bone: roasted duck, off the bone bone china17.*Halloween n.万圣节前夕；诸圣节前夕the night of October 31st, which is now celebrated by children, who dress in costumes and go from house to house asking for sweets, especially in the US and Canada. In the past, people believed the souls of dead people appeared on Halloween.October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic（凯尔特人的）new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year.18.belief n.信任；信心；信任a strong belief in Godhis passionate belief that technology is a tool to be used with imaginationIt is my belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years.Thieves broke into the building in the mistaken belief that there was expensive computer equipment inside.It is a widely held belief that violent crime is increasing.Contrary to popular belief, eating carrots does not improve your eyesight. What she did was stupid beyond belief.It is believed that the house was built in 1735. be believed to be somethingAt 115, Mrs Jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country.The four men are widely believed (=believed by a lot of people) to have been killed by their captors.I firmly believe that the business will be a success.19．dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰1）to wear special clothes for fun, or to put special clothes on someoneHe went to the party dressed up as a Chicago gangster. I keep a box of old clothes for the children to dress up in. dress somebody ↔ up We dressed him up as a gorilla.2）to wear clothes that are more formal than the ones you would usually wear:It's a small informal party - you don't have to dress up.Aunt Margaret told her to dress herself in her nicest dress. I dress the kids before I go to work.I've got to go home to dress. How do you normally dress for work?We usually dress for dinner (=wear formal clothes for our evening meal).Get/be dressed in dress my kid in his best shirtwound/cut [transitive] to clean, treat, and cover a wound dress the wound hair dresser20.trick n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门；欺骗；诈骗play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑At first he thought someone was coming towards him, but it was just a trick of the light.My uncle was always showing me card tricks when I was a kid. a magic tricka salesman who knew all the tricks of the trade (=clever methods used in a particular job)play a joke/trick/prank on somebody to do something to someone as a joke or trickmake jokes about make fun of crack a joke21.poet n.诗人poem poetry [uncountable]poems in generalColumbus Day 哥伦布日a US public holiday held on October 12th to honour Christopher Columbus22.arrival n.到来；到达；到达者1 ）[uncountable and countable] when someone or something arrives somewhere [≠departure]:Only the timely arrival of the police prevented the situation from becoming worse.Traffic problems account for one third of late arrivals. Shortly after our arrival in London, Lisa was attacked.on arrival A deposit is payable on arrival (=when you arrive).2）the arrival of somethinga) the time when a new idea, product etc is first used or discovered:The demand for phone numbers has increased since the arrival of mobile phones.b) the time when an event or period of time starts to happen:The arrival of winter can make many people feel depressed.3）[countable] someone who has just arrived in a place: New arrivals were greeted with suspicion.Late arrivals will not be admitted to the theatre.4）new arrival a baby who has just been born23*Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗•哥伦布（意大利航海家）an Italian sailor and explorer who many people think of as the first European to discover America, in 1492. He arrived in America by accident when he was trying to find a new way to Asia by sailing west from Spain. Most people now think that the first discovery of America by Europeans was about 500 years earlier, by the Norwegian Leif Ericsson24.gain vt.获得；得到1）get something [transitive] t o obtain or achieve something you want or needgain control/power Radical left-wing parties gained control of local authorities.After gaining independence in 1957, it was renamed 'Ghana'. gain a degree/qualification etc2）get gradually [intransitive and transitive] to gradually get more and more of a quality, feeling etc, especially a useful or valuable one: She has gained a reputation as a good communicator.Many of his ideas have gained popular support. an opportunity to gain experience in a work environment The youngsters gradually gain confidence in their abilities.3)advantage [intransitive and transitive] to get an advantage from a situation, opportunity, or eventgain (something) from (doing) something There is much to be gained from seeking expert advice early.There's nothing to be gained (=it will not help you) by losing your temper.4)increase [transitive] to increase in weight, speed, height, or value: Carrie's gained a lot of weight recently.5) gain access/entry/admittance etc (to something)to manage to enter a place, building, or organization:New ramps will help the disabled gain better access. methods used by burglars to gain entry to houses6) gain an understanding/impression to learn or find out about somethingWe are hoping to gain a better understanding of the underlying process.This enabled me to gain an overall impression of the school.n. There are obvious gains for the student. Eating too many fatty goods could cause weight gain.Retail sales showed a gain of 0.4%. No pains, no gains.25.independence n. 独立；自主independent adj.独立的；自主的Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960.Lithuania was the first of the Soviet republics to declare independence (=officially state its independence).The country has made great advances since independence. ways of helping old people maintain their independence Having a job gives you financial independence. We need a central bank that is independent of the government. independent school especially British English (=one not owned or paid for by the government)independent television/radio/broadcasting etc British English (=not owned or paid for by the government)There were no independent witnesses to the shooting.independent inquiry/advice/opinion etc (=carried out by or given by an independent person or organization)Human rights groups have called for an independent inquiry into the killings.By this age, the child becomes relatively independent of his mother.reports from two separate sources entirely independent of one another26.gather vt. & vi. & n.搜集；集合；聚集1)come together [intransitive and transitive] t o come together and form a group, or to make people do this:A crowd gathered to watch the fight. Thousands of people gathered outside the embassy.gather around/round Gather round, everyone, so that you can see the screen.During the air raids, we gathered the children around us and sang songs. gather togetherCould the bride's family all gather together for a photo?be gathered Dozens of photographers were gathered outside Jagger's villa.2)know/think [intransitive,transitive not in progressive] to believe that something is true because of what you have seen or heard [= understand]: You two know each other, I gather.gather (that) I gather you've had some problems with our sales department.from what I can gather/as far as I can gather (=this is what I believe to be true)She's his niece, from what I can gather.3）collect [intransitive and transitive] to get things from different places and put them together in one place:The researcher's job is to gather information about people.4）gather speed/force/momentum etc to move faster, become stronger, get more support etc:The cart gathered speed as it coasted down the hill. The international relief effort appears to be gathering momentum. 5）gather dust if something gathers dust, it is not being used: books just gathering dust on the shelf6）gather yourself/your strength/your thoughts to prepare yourself for something you are going to do, especially something difficult: I took a few moments to gather my thoughts before going into the meeting.N 1) a meeting of a group of people: a select gathering of 20 or 30 people2 )intelligence/information etc gathering the process of collecting information from many different places27.agriculture n.农业；农艺；农学More than 75% of the land is used for agriculture.agricultural land agricultural labourers agricultural n.农业的；农艺的28.award n.奖；奖品vt.授予；判定1) something such as a prize or money given to someone to reward them for something they have doneaward for the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science and Mathematics Teachingwin/receive an award Rosie was in London to receive her award as Mum of the Year.The hotel's award-winning restaurant specializes in traditional food.Magnusson presented the £1000 award to the group's chairman.2) something, especially money, that is officially given to someone as a payment or after a legal decision:the teachers' pay award an award for unfair dismissalreward reward sb with sthsomething that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hardmoney that is offered to people for helping the police to solve a crime or catch a criminalvt. 1) to officially give someone something such as a prize or money to reward them for something they have done:Moodie has been awarded a golf scholarship at the University of Hawaii.award somebody something The judge awarded me first prize.award something to somebody A Nobel Prize was awarded to Waksman in 1952.2）to officially decide that someone should receive a payment or a formal agreementaward somebody something The government awarded a German company the contract.award something to somebody £45,000 was awarded to a typist with an injured hand.28.*produce n.产品；（尤指）[uncountable]food or other things that have been grown or produced on a farm to be soldagricultural/organic etc produce dairy produce British English (=milk, butter, cheese etc)product1）[uncountable and countable] something that is grown or made in a factory in large quantities, usually in order to be sold [↪ produce, production] agricultural/dairy/software etc productsHe works in marketing and product development.2 ）the product of somethinga) if someone is the product of a particular background or experience, their character is typical of that background or the result of that experience: Paula was the product of a sheltered middle-class home.b) if something is the product of a particular situation, process etc, it is the result of that situation or process:The report was the product of four years' hard work.Production [uncountable] increase/rise/fall etc in productionbe in production (=being produced) By September, the new motors were in production.go into/out of production (=begin to be produced in large numbers, or stop being produced)The new model will go into production next year.on/upon (the) production of something formal when you show something:Entrance is only permitted on production of a ticket.29.rooster n.雄禽；公鸡 a male chicken = cock hen30 admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕1）to respect and like someone because they have done something that you think is good:I really admire the way she brings up those kids all on her own. admire somebody for (doing) something Lewis was much admired for his work on medieval literature.2）to look at something and think how beautiful or impressive it is:We stopped halfway to admire the view. Sal stood back to admire her work.Admiring showing that you think someone or something is very impressive or attractive:admiring glances in admiration Daniel gazed at her in admiration.admiration for I'm full of admiration for the crew who handled this crisis.admiration of Her riding soon drew the admiration of the older girls.31.energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的having or needing a lot of energy or determination:an energetic man an energetic drive to get more customers energetic in doing something32.look forward to 期望；期待；盼望to be excited and pleased about something that is going to happen:I'm really looking forward to our vacation. look forward to doing somethingMy mother says she's looking forward to meeting you. I felt that at last I could begin to look forward.33.*carnival n.狂欢节；（四旬斋前）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）1）[uncountable and countable] a public event at which people play music, wear special clothes, and dance in the streets: preparations for this year's carnival when it's Carnival in Rio a carnival atmosphere in the town2 ）[countable] American English a noisy outdoor event at which you can ride on special machines and play games for prizes [= funfair British English]3）[countable] American English a school event at which students play games for prizes34.*lunar adj.月的；月亮的；阴历的The Dragon Boat Festival is in May 5 on the lunar calendar.The Moon Festival is on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.35.Easter n.（耶稣）复活节(The first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox(春分))1）a Christian holy day in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life:on Easter Sunday2）the period of time just before and after Easter Dayat Easter We'll probably go away at Easter. Easter holiday/weekend/breakWe spent the Easter holidays in Wales. Easter Bunny an imaginary rabbit that children believe brings chocolate eggs at Easter Easter egg Good Fridaythe Friday before the Christian holiday of Easter, that Christians remember as the day Jesus Christ was crucified36.*parade n.游行；阅兵；检阅1）a public celebration when musical bands, brightly decorated vehicles etc move down the street:a victory parade the St Patrick's Day parade2）a military ceremony in which soldiers stand or march together so that important people can examine them:a military parade on parade (=be standing or marching in a parade) troops on parade3）a line of people moving along so that other people can watch them: a fashion parade4）a series of people, events etc that seems to never endparade of She had a constant parade of young men coming to visit her.V. 1）protest/celebrate [intransitive always + adverb/preposition]PPG to walk or march together to celebrate or protest about something parade around/past etcThe marchers paraded peacefully through the capital.2）show something [transitive] if you parade your skills, knowledge, possessions etc, you show them publicly in order to make people admire you [= show off]: Young athletes will get a chance to parade their skills.3）walk around [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to walk around, especially in a way that shows that you want people to notice and admire you parade around/past etcA trio of girls in extremely tight shorts paraded up and down.4）show somebody [transitive always + adverb/preposition] if prisoners are paraded on television or through the streets, they are shown to the public, in order to prove that the people holding them are important or powerful:The prisoners were paraded in front of the TV cameras.5)proudly show [transitive] to proudly show something or someone to other people, because you want to look impressive to them [= show off]: She paraded her new team. war medals paraded for public admiration6)soldiers [intransitive and transitive]\ if soldiers parade, or if an officer parades them, they march together so that an important person can watch them37.day and night 日夜；昼夜；整天night and day/day and night all the time:The store is guarded day and night. We had to work night and day to get it finished.night or day/day or night at any time: You can call me any time, night or day.all day/year/summer etc long during all of the day etcday after day also day in day out continuously for a long time in a way that is annoying or boring:I couldn't stand sitting at a desk day after day. day by day slowly and gradually:Her health was improving day by day. around the clock also round the clockBritish English all day and all night without stopping: Kim has been working round the clock to finish it in time.24/7 24hours a day and 7days a week38.clothing n.衣服39. Christian n.基督徒；信徒adj.基督教的；信基督教的*Jesus n.耶稣*cherry n.樱桃；樱桃树*blossom n.花vj.开花as though 好像have fun with 玩得开心custom n.习惯worldwide adj.遍及全世界的；世界性的everywhere in the world:We have offices in over 56 countries worldwide.cars with a worldwide reputation for reliability*rosebud n.玫瑰花蕾1 the flower of a rose before it opens2 rosebud mouth/lips a mouth or lips that have a small round shape and are very redfool n.愚人；白痴；受骗者vt.愚弄；欺骗vi.干傻事；开玩笑adj.傻的1stupid person [countable] a stupid person or someone who has done something stupid [= idiot]:What a fool she had been to think that he would stay.Like a fool, I accepted straight away.You silly old fool! Jerk2 make a fool of yourself t o do something stupid that you feel embarrassed about afterwards and that makes you seem silly:Sorry I made such a fool of myself last night. I must have been drunk.3 make a fool of somebody to deliberately do something to make someone else seem stupid:I suddenly realised that I was being made a fool of.1 [transitive] to trick someone into believing something that is not true:Even art experts were fooled.you don't/can't fool meYou can't fool me with that old excuse.be fooled by somethingDon't be fooled by appearances.fool somebody into doing somethingI was fooled into believing their promises.2 f ool yourself t o try to make yourself believe something that you know is not really true:It's no good fooling yourself. He's not coming back.3 you could have fooled me spoken used to show that you do not believe what someone has told you:'Look, we're doing our best to fix it.' 'Well, you could have fooled me.'4 somebody is just fooling spoken used to say that someone is not serious and is only pretending that something is true [= somebody is just kidding]:Don't pay any attention to Henry. He's just fooling.fool around phrasal verb1 to waste time behaving in a silly way or doing things that are not important [= mess around]:He always used to fool around in class.2 to behave in a way which is careless and not responsible [= mess around]fool around withSome idiot's been fooling around with the electricity supply!3 American English to spend time doing something that you enjoy, but that does not have a particular purpose [= mess around]:The boys were out in the yard, just fooling around.4 to have a sexual relationship with someone else's wife, boyfriend etc [= mess around]:She found out that he'd been fooling around behind her back.fool with something phrasal verb1 to touch or play with something, especially when you should not [= mess with something]:Who's been fooling with the radio dial?2 to become involved in something which could cause damage or be dangerous [= mess with something][only before noun] American English informalsilly or stupid [= foolish]:What did you say a fool thing like that for?*necessity n.必要性；需要1 [countable] something that you need to have in order to live [≠luxury]:She saw books as a necessity, not a luxury.A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country.the basic/bare necessitiesA lot of families cannot even afford to buy the basic necessities of life.2 [uncountable] when something is necessarynecessity forHe emphasized the necessity for good planning and management.the necessity of (doing) somethingThis illustrates the necessity of keeping accurate records of your work.Many teachers are now questioning the necessity of formal exams.through/out of necessityHe only remained with the group out of necessity.economic/practical/political etc necessityI'm afraid it's become a matter of economic n ecessity.3 [countable] something that must happen, even if it is unpleasant:Taxes are a regrettable necessity.4 of necessity formal used when something happens in a particular way because that is the only possible way it can happen:Many of the jobs are, of necessity, temporary.5 necessity is the mother of invention used to say that if someone really needs to do something, they will find a way of doing itpermission n.许可；允许permitted, present participle permitting formal1 [transitive] to allow something to happen, especially by an official decision, rule, or law:Smoking is only permitted in the public lounge.。