chapter 8物流英语

UNIT 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICSⅥ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. It is through the logistical process that materials flow into the vast manufacturing capacity of an industrial nation and products are distributed through marketing channels to consumers.正是通过物流过程原材料才得以流到工业国家巨大的制造机器中，产品才能通过市场这个渠道流到客户。

2. Logistics is complex. In China alone, the market structure involves more than 20 million retailing networks and more than 2 million wholesalers’ networks.物流极为复杂，仅在中国市场上就有2000多万零售商网点和200多万批发商网点。

3. One expert holds the view that logistics is an iceberg, only the top of which is seen. What is unseen is much bigger.有一个专家认为物流是一座冰山,人们只看到它的顶部,未见到的那部分更大。

4. The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.物流的总体目标是以尽可能低的总成本取得预期的客户服务的水平。

Part ⅠGeneral Review of Logistics第一局部物流概述▪Introduction to logistics物流简介▪Customer service and logistics客户效劳与物流▪Logistics processes物流过程Chapter 1 Introduction to logistics第一章物流简介▪Introduction 前言▪Definitions 定义▪Elements of logistics 物流因素▪Importance of logistics 物流的重要性▪Summary 小结Introduction 前言▪In a military sense, the term “logistics〞encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance.▪在军队意识中，“ 物流〞这个专有名词就围绕着运输组织、军事补充和物资养护。

Definitions 定义▪Logistics (business definition )行业定义▪Logistics (military definition)军事定义▪美国物流管理协会定义▪加拿大物流管理协会定义Elements of logistics物流因素▪Storage, warehousing and materials handling▪储存，仓储和物料搬运▪Transportation 运输▪Inventory 库存▪Information and control 信息和控制▪Packaging and unitization▪包装和单位化Importance of logistics物流的重要性▪Logistics is an important activity making extensive use of the human and material resources that affect a national economy.▪物流是一项影响国民经济，充分利用人力和物料资源的重要活动。

1LIS——logistics information system：物流信息系统provide less cost and cycle time for companies.purchasing information system 采购信息系统transport information system 运输信息系统quality management information system 质量管理信息系统sales information system 销售信息系统2 ICO——inventory controlling system 库存控制系统3MRP——material requiring planning 物料需求归化4OMS——Operations Management System运营管理系统order订单管理系统5WMS——warehouse management systemTMS——transport management system6GPA——Agreement on Government Procurement政府采购协定7 LTL——less than truck load零担货运8TEU ——twenty foot equivalent unit标准箱系集装箱运量统计单位,以长20 英尺的集装箱为标准9POS——point of sale销售点10ERP——enterprise resource planning11VMI——vendor managed inventory供应商管理库存12XML——extensible markup language可扩展标记语言13GPS——global positioning system14VMS——供应商管理系统RMS——retailer management system15 EDI ——electronic data interchange 电子数据交换16GPS ——global positioning system 全球定位系统17 W/R warehouse receipt 仓单18 ULS——unit loads systems 单位包装系统pallet 数量大19 OPS ——order picking system 拣货式系统20 EXW——Ex Works 工厂交货……指定地点FCA——free carrier货交承运人……指定地点FAS——Free along ship船边交货……指定装运港FOB——free on board船上交货……指定装运港CFR——cost,freight 成本加运费……指定目的港CIF——cost,insurance,freight成本、保险费加运费付至……指定目的港CPT——Carriage Paid to运费付至……指定目的地CIP——Carriage and Insurance Paid to运费、保险费付至…指定目的地DAF——Delivered at Frontier边境交货……指定地点DES——Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货……指定目的港DEQ——Delivered Ex Quay目的港码头交货……指定目的港DDU——Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货……指定目的地DDP——Delivered Duty paid完税后交货……指定目的地21FCL ——full container load 整箱货22.整车货Full-Truck-Load23JIT——just in timeproduction、distribution及时制24OEM——original equipment manufacture原始设备制造商25SCM——supply chain management26SCOR——supply chain operation reference供应链操作参考模型27TPL——third party logistics28 LLP——Lead Logistics Provider 领导物流厂商29MRp——materials requirements planning物料需求计划30EOS——electronic ordering system电子订货系统31QR——quick response32RFI——radio frequency identification射频自动识别33ACT——automatic cargo tracking自动货物追踪34AS\RS——automated storage and retrieval system自动储存和回收系统35DC——distribution center36upc——universal product code bar code37 JAZ ——just about zero38 LLP ——lead logistics provider领先物流39 VMI vendor managed inventory 供应商管理库存42PI——proforma invoice形式发票43CI——commercial invoice 商业发票44PU ——polyurethane聚酯45 PE ——polyethylene聚乙烯46SKU ——stock keeping unit订货存储单位短语中翻英Inventory days of supply供应天数Inventory planning 库存规划Inventory consolidation 库存合并Inventory model库存模型•Inventory deployment 配置•Inventory cycle周期•Inventory turns周转量•Inventory turnover周转率2 Aggregate inventory control库存总量控制Overall level of inventory库存总体水平3 Inside temperature库内温度4 cost efficiency 成本效率性Stock availability 存货可得性Stock carrying cost 存货周转成本Stock holding cost 库存维持成本Stock location 存货点•Stock rotation 库存周转•Stock sheet 库存清单Stock turnover 库存周转率5 receiving dock收货装卸平台6 Put-away 入库7 Order-picking 订单拣货8 Shipping 装车9Trigger-point method replenishment program 临界点补货法10 demand forecasting and planning 需求预测与计划11Labor planning 工作人员作业计划12Inventory-level planning 库存水平计划13Accounting report 会计报表14Status report 财务状况报表153transport document 运输单据16 Warehouse stock transfer receipt advice 仓库库存周转收货单17Warehouse operation 仓库作业18Bonded warehouse 保税仓库19Bar coding条形码20销售订单sales orders21 Freight consolidation 货物拼装22Routing and scheduling shipments23Claims processing24Tracking shipments25出票Issue背书ENDORSEMENT 承兑ACCEPTANCE 贴现DISCOUNT 付款PAYMENT 拒付DISHONOR26 ex-factory price出厂价27 retail price零售价28 each node节点in the supply chain29 point of origin 原产地30 point of consumption消费地31 physical distribution实体配送32distribution of physical goods实体物资的配送33integration and optimization of resources资源的整合与优化34efficiency increase提高效率35cost reduction降低成本35 distribution processing 流通加工36安全库存safety stock37库存周期inventory cycle time38前置期或提前期lead time39.Customer service客户服务40.Order processing订单处理41Return goods handling.退货处理42 Material handling 物料搬运43.Parts and service support零件和服务支持44 Forecasting demands 需求预测45 Warehousing and storage 仓储与保管46Plant and warehouse site selection47line’freight tariff班轮定价表48basic rate基本运费率49inquiry 询盘offer报盘counter offer还盘acceptance收盘50托盘化palletization51arrival notice 到达通知52cash—in—advance预付货款Cash—on—delivery货到付款53 continuous replenishment连续补货54proforma invoice形式发票55Customer broker关税代理人56freight consolidation合并运输57order product mixing组合订购的产品58 inbound| outbound logistics内向外向物流57forward| reverse logistics 正向逆向物流58availability of goods 现货性59 stockout缺货60delayer the management level 减少管理层61 order placement 下订单62 Lose and damage 货损货差63 Channel of distribution 分销渠道64run lengths 运营时间65corrugated materials瓦楞纸材料66pick products挑拣货物67piggyback service背负式服务68commercial invoice 商业发票69receiving dock装卸平台70pick slip拣货单71Franchise dealer经销商72 throughout volume吞吐量73Documentary credit信用单证74consignment note托运单75Booking note订仓单customer power客户实力Longterm orientation 长期定位leveraging technology 杠杆技术Bullwhip effect牛鞭效应demand pull需求拉动Supply pull供应拉动benchmark标准化Data mining数据挖掘strategic alliance战略同盟Franchising 特许经营logistics outsourcing 物流外包Customized定制化的International transport cargo insurance Labor planning总做人员作业计划status report财务状况报表2d bar code二维码Method of shipment运输方式Logistics document物流单证Combined transport联运safety stock 安全库存Order cycle time订单处理周期Neural packing中性包装order picking 订单分拣Virtual warehouse 虚拟仓库landbridge transport大陆桥运输International multimodal transport国际多式联运Time |voyage charter 定期租船航次租船Consigner consignee收货人carrier shipper托运人Port congestion surcharge 港口拥堵附加费Seaworthy packaging适合海运的包装Shockproof | damage| anticorrosive | rot proof| insect proof technique防震|防破损|防锈|防霉|防虫Special| dangerous goods packagingHandling charges 处置收费Identification 识别标志Shrink wrap收缩膜cellulose wadding 纤维填充物Order picking and storage equipment牛皮纸kraft paper 瓦楞纸corrugated paper简答题1What Is Logistics Information System答：Logistics information system LIS is defined as the “people, equipment, and procedures used to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely and accurate information to decision m akers”.2 Warehouse = place to store inventory答：warehousing is a range of logistics operations which involve multiple functions such as storage, packaging,etc. Warehouse is viewed as a place to store inventory to facilitate the movement of goods from suppliers to customers.Warehousing is involved in SC process:Sourcing/inbound logisticsProcessing/manufacturingOutbound distributionReverse logistics returns, recycling, etc.3 Logistics, supply chain, transport物流、供应链和运输三者之间的关系答Logistics is part of the supply chain process and it involves the management of the supply chain from start to finish.Transport is the conveyance of goods or people from one place to another;4 What is logistics 什么是物流答Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goodsLogistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ re quirements5物流包括哪些步骤答：Purchasing采购,sourcing采办,transport运输,inventory management库存管理,customer support客户支持,financing support融资支持,warehousing仓储;6什么是第三方物流答：There is now a new trend of outsourcing the distribution business to specialized companies, namely third-party logistics 3PL companies, so that the manufacturers can concentrate more on core production operation while the logistics companies can handle distribution more deftly and professionally.现在有一种新趋势,就是把流通业务外包给专业化的公司,即第三方物流公司3PL,这样制造厂商就可以更好地集中精力于核心的生产运作,而物流公司也可以更娴熟、更专业地处理好流通业务;7 What is a supply chain答A supply chain is a complex logistics system in which raw materials are converted into finished products and then distributed to end users consumers or companies see Figure1. It includes suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, distribution centres DCs and retail outlets供应链是一个复杂的体系,在这个系统里,原材料被转化成成品,然后配送到最终用户消费者或公司手里见图1; 它包括供应商、生产商、仓库、配送中心DCs和零售网点;8 What is supply chain managementSupply chain management SCM is concerned with the integration, coordination and control of the flow of material, information and finances in supply chains. The task of the SCM is to design, plan, and execute the supply-related activities at the different stages so as to provide the desired levels of service to customers profitably;It is concerned with the integration, coordination and control of the flow of material, information and finances in supply chains.供应链管理SCM 涉及到供应链中对材料流、信息流和资金流所进行的整合、协调和控制;9What are the objectives of SCM 供应链的目标The objectives of the supply chain are to optimize pre and post-production inventory levels, obtain greater efficiency from labor, equipment and space across the company and provide flexible planning and control mechanisms.10物流的功能1Creating time value: same goods can be valued differently at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.2Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.3Distribution processing Value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods .Like popular saying,”cutting into smaller parts is the most commonly seen distribution processing form. Most processing within logistics create added value for goods.11配送和运输的区别答Transport is the conveyance of goods or people from one place to another;Distribution is a logistics end delivery service, the physicalMovement of goods and handling of related procedures.12 什么是包装包装的功能是什么Packaging is the act of sealing products with containers or materials to protect the product, facilitate storage and shipment, and promote sales.1preserve and protect the product2facilitate the handling3communicate information safety instructions4act as a marketing aid, through appearance and presentation13什么是库存和库存管理Inventory refers to stocks of anything necessary to do business. Raw materials, goods in process and finished goods all represent various forms of inventory. Each type represents money tied up until the inventory leaves the organization. On the other hand, inadequate levels of stock create failure to meet the customer demand. Inventory management involves the management of all respects relating to stockholding, with aim of providing the desired level of customer service.14什么是第三方物流Tlp is simply the use of an outside company to perform all or part of the firm’s materials management物料管理and product distribution function.优势：professionalism, effect of scale,cost efficiency15什么是逆向物流Reverse logistics is the process in which obsolete products and various materials are remade, regenerated and recycled. This includes such logistics activities as return of products, replacement of materials as well as reuse, disposal, reprocessing, maintenance and remaking of items.16. Why is inventory control activity critical 物流控制为什么重要It is because of the financial necessity of maintaining a sufficient supply of product to meet both customers' needs and manufacturing requirement.17. What are the important factors that should be taken into consideration in selecting plant and warehouse siteMarket factor and transportation factor.18. What is reverse distribution 逆向配送The handling of return goods.19What are the five basic modes in transportation systemThey are motor, rail, water, air and pipeline.20. What are the factors influencing transportation costsProduct-related including density, stow-ability, ease ro difficulty of handling and liability. Market-related factors including degree of competition, location of market, government regulation, freight traffic, seasonality of product movements and domestically or international transport.21. What are the three primary types of transportation documentsBills of lading, freight bills and shipping manifests.22. What are the transportation participantsThey are shipper; destination party-consignee; carrier and agents; government; Internet and the public.23 What are the basic functions of warehousing Warehousing has three basic functions: movement, storage, and information transfer.24. What are types of inventoryThey are cycle stock, in-transit stock, safety or buffer stock, speculative stock, seasonal stock, and dead stock.翻译1 Product is off-loaded from the receiving carrier at the warehouse’s inbound dock and identified byproduct code and quantity. Data about the product are entered into the WMS using bar codescanners, radio frequency data communication terminals, or manual keyboards. Weight, cube, and packager configuration of the product are known by matching the product code against an internal product file.产品在进站口从进货车上卸下,确认产品编码和数量;产品的数据利用条码扫描器、无线射频数据通信终端或人工方式键入WMS系统;通过产品编码检索内部产品文件,可以获知重量、尺码、包装方式等信息;The WMS splits the order judiciously for efficient order picking and schedules the order flow through the various areas of the warehouse so that the items arrive at the shipping dock as a complete order and in the proper sequence with other orders to be loaded onto a truck or railcar for delivery. •WMS系统可以将订单分解,采取有效地分拣方法,安排货物在仓库不同区域之间的移动,使得货物到达出库战时可以组成完整的订单货物,而且到达顺序合理,这样就可以被装上货车或火车进行运输;Orders for customers located within the same proximity are picked simultaneously to arrive at the shipping dock and truck stall at the same time. Estimates are made of cube and weight of the multiple customer orders to be placed oh a truck, container, or rail car. Color-coding themerchandise flowing from the different areas of the warehouse aids in assembling themerchandise common to an order and sequencing it onto the delivery vehicle for most efficient routing.•相邻客户的订单会一起拣取,这要求货物同时到达发货站台,货车也会同一时间到达;还要顾及货物的体积和重量,以安排装上同一部货车、集装箱或铁路车厢的货物;人们会用彩色标记画出来自仓库不同地区的商品流以便于汇集同一订单的货物,按顺序装上配送货车,按最佳路径进行配送;1. Logistics information system LIS is defined as the “people, equipment, and procedures used togather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely and accurate information to decision makers”.物流信息系统LIS被定义为“为决策者收集、挑选、分析、评估并发布所需要的、及时、准确的信息所用的人员、设备和程序”;2. Some of the more commonly implemented systems are used to support transportation management,warehousing management, and operations planning and scheduling.有些较为常见的系统用于运输和仓储管理,以及各种业务的计划和调度;3. With the analysis of data, they can know clearly how much of a certain material they need andestablish a long-term relationship with their suppliers.通过数据分析,企业可以清楚掌握物料采购数量,并与供应商建立长期的合作关系;4. The transport information system mainly include vehicle information management, drivermanagement, transportation business registration, transport planning arrangements, etc. 交通信息系统主要包括车辆资料管理、驾驶员管理、运输业务登记、运输计划安排等;5. All key figures relating to material movements involving current stocks and supplier consignmentstocks are updated according to inventory levels.所有有关当前库存和供应商寄售库存的信息都随着库存水平不断更新;6. Quality management information system refers to the analysis of suppliers, materials and customers,in order to ensure the quality information of enterprise management can be delivered andresponded effectively.质量管理信息系统是指对供应商、物料和客户进行分析,以确保企业管理的质量信息能够及时有效地传递,并得到快速响应;7. When the sales order system is on-line, customer credit and inventory levels can immediately beverified by the salesperson, which provides the salesperson with a competitive advantage over other salespersons without order entry systems.销售订单系统运行时,销售人员可以随时查询客户信用和库存水平;和其他没有订单输入系统的销售人员相比,这就使得该销售员更有竞争优势;“on-line” 在此意为“运转、运行”;8. The information systems in logistics are flexible tools for collecting, aggregating and analyzingdata from the operative applications such as purchasing, production, sales, inventory controlling and quality management information.物流信息系统是收集、汇总和分析应用数据如采购、生产、销售、库存控制和质量管理信息的灵活工具;9. For this reason, the information systems give companies planning data, in addition to retrieving andaggregating actual data.为此,除了检索和汇总的实际数据外,信息系统还为企业提供了计划数据;10. The information systems in logistics can be used on a variety of levels in the decision-makingprocess as a tool of planning, management and control.作为计划、管理和控制的工具,物流信息系统可用于各种决策过程;Ⅴ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. A variety of logistics information systems have been designed and implemented for differentlogistics activities and strategic purposes.为了不同的物流活动,实现不同的战略目标,人们设计并使用了各种各样的物流信息系统;2. LIS can facilitate information sharing both within and between companies.物流信息系统可以促进企业内部和企业之间的信息共享;3. Every one in LIS can analyze and monitor the movements of others.物流信息系统中的每个成员都可以分析并跟踪其他成员的动态;4. The sales information system routinely records sales orders and provides the correspondingdocuments.销售信息系统定期记录销售订单,并提供相应单据;5. The comparison of planned data and actual data plays a vital part in the decision-makingprocess.将计划数据和实际数据进行比较对决策过程起着重要作用;Notes1. Many companies are beginning to better understand the need for logisticsinformation support, and as a result, they have begun to invest in technologies that enhancedecision-making capabilities for transportation management, warehousing management, and demand forecasting and planning.现在,很多企业开始更好地理解这一需求,因此开始投资那些能够提高运输管理、仓储管理、需求预测与计划等方面的决策能力的技术;2. Originally bar-codes stored data in the widths and spacings of printed parallel lines, but today they also come in patterns of dots, concentric circles, and hidden in images. 最初,条形码把数据储存在一组平行的、由条和空组成的直线上,但现在条形码也以圆点和同心圆的形式出现,有时甚至隐藏在图像里面;3. At present, the 1D bar-code is still mainly used for commodities in practice, so 1D bar-code is also called commodity bar-code.目前在商品上的应用仍以一维条形码为主,所以一维条形码又被称为商品条形码;4. Electronic data interchangeEDIis the process of using computers to exchange business documents between companies.电子数据交换EDI是指企业之间利用计算机交换商业文件的过程;5. The applications of EDI in logistics can reduce transaction time, which help maintain efficient inventory levels, and they also contribute to a better use of warehouse space, and less outstock problems.在物流中使用EDI可以缩短交易时间,这有助于维持最经济的库存水平,同时也有利于更好地利用仓库空间,减少脱销问题;6. If the changeover from traditional methods to EDI has not been made within some businesses, other companies dealing with them may have to use the more traditional methods.如果某些企业还没有从传统的文件交换方式转换为电子数据交换,那么与之有业务往来的企业也必须使用更为传统的方法;7. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to worldwide users on a continuous basis in all weather, day and night. Anywhere on the earth has an unobstructed view of four or more GPS satellites.它可以在任何天气情况下夜以继日地向全世界各个地方的用户提供可靠的定位、导航和定时服务;任何地区都能观测到4颗以上GPS卫星;8. In logistics field, GPS has become a mainstay of transportation systems worldwide, providing navigation for aviation, ground, and maritime operations, and is playing an increasingly important role.在物流领域,GPS已成为全球运输系统的支柱,为航空、地面和海上活动提供导航服务,并发挥着越来越重要的作用;Ⅴ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.The benefits of information technologies can be significant.信息技术带来的收益是巨大的;2. A bar-code is a machine-readable representation of information in a visual format on the surface.条形码是印在商品表面上的一组可见的、可用机器识别的、代表商品信息的符3. EDI allows for the ability to send and receive information at any time.电子数据交换允许在任何时候收发信息;4. Security is an important issue for companies using EDI.对于使用电子数据交换的企业来说,安全是一个重要问题;5. In logistics field, GPS has become a mainstay of transportation systems worldwide.在物流领域,GPS已成为全球运输系统的支柱;•物流需求计划系统包括逻辑相关的程序、决策规则以及把主生产作业计划转化为各个时间段的净存货需求的纪录,计划包含所有实施这种进度安排所需要的部件信息.• A materials requirement planning MRP system consists of a set of logically related procedures, decision rules, records designed to translate a master production schedule into time-phased net inventory requirements and the planned coverage of such requirements for each component item needed to implement this schedule.•订货成本是指增加库存的订购所花费的支出,不包括产品本身的成本支出.准备成本具体来说是指改变或调整一个生产或加工过程,以方便产品线的调整而花费的支出.•Ordering cost refers to the expense of placing an order for additional inventory and does not include the cost or expense of the product itself. Setup cost refers more specifically to the expense of changing or modifying a production or assembly process to facilitate product line changeovers. •Capital cost•Implicit value。