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2013高考英语笔记

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时态直观图非不定式（动名词分现在分词过去分词1111n.主语adj.表语n 主语用1ask, get, prompt, allow, forbid, prefer, force 1mention, admit, tolerate, dislike, complete, imagine1现在分词：、取决于谓语动词的句型；2see done sb have+ O.+ 不定式的时态和语态remember +to do can’t help to do +doing n.(of + n. A to B used to do (done(having been done 现在分词作者：杨仲荣can’t but do be afraid of doing done 谓语动词to do ）(doing)词(doing)(done)动词的ing 形式、目的；2、将来；3、某一次具体动作、主动；2、进行；3、令人…的、被动；2、完成；3、感到…的、习惯性动作；2、抽象概念adj.adv.表语宾语定语状语补语adv.定语状语补语.宾语表语定语It 作形式主语;主语表语形式一致attempt, enable, neglect, afford, arrange promise, demand, long, decide, expect agree, appear, determine, manage,propose, pretend, seek, desire, volunteer wish, offer, beg, fail, plan, bother, happen prepare, decide, choose, hesitate, hope 说明主语是什么；主语表语形式一致;be to do 有时表示将来、表示将要发生的动作；2、修饰抽象名词或者序数词；3、与所修饰的词具备以下关系：①主谓关系；He is the right person to do it.②动（介）宾关系；(不定式to wash I have a lot of clothes to be washed. ((不定式to wash 的动作不是主语I 发出的)I have no room to live in. .(介宾关系)③说明所修饰词（抽象名词或序数词）的内容the chance to go abroad (抽象名词④time, place, way 1To get there in time, he got up very early.(To get there in time 是早早起床的目的)(only to find his house broken into 2、其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致。

To get there in time, he got up very early.3Inspire, request, advise, remind, invite intend, train, cause, instruct, hate, require tell, order, warn, enable, need, urge want, teach, permit, wish, encourage 、主语表语形式一致;2、以下句型常用动名词动名词作主语：It is no good/use doing sth.avoid, enjoy, bear, delay, escape, consider, mindmiss, finish, forgive, pardon, resist, permit,practise, risk, suggest, keep, stand, appreciate说明主语是什么. My job is teaching English.、和所修饰的词没有主谓关系;2、一般可以改变为for 结构：meeting room = the room for meetingprinting machine= the machine for printing 1、主动；2、进行；3、令人…的过去分词：1、被动；2、完成；3、感到…的1、现在分词作状语时，与句子主语是主动关系；过去分词作状语时，与句子主语是被动关系；Getting home, I found the door open. (getting 和句子主语之间是主动关系)Stolen yesterday, the book can ’t be found anywhere. (stolen 和句子主语之间是被动关系)2、如果分词与句子主语之间既不是主动关系也不是被动关系，则不能用分词作状语；Written in simple English, I can read the book easily. (错误。

Written 与句子主语I 不是被动关系)此句应为：Written in simple English, the book can be read easily by me. 3The poor man died, only leaving nothing valuable. (穷人死了，当然很自然的结果就是什么都没留下。

)The millionaire died, only to leave nothing valuable. (百万富翁死了，什么都没留下当然是出乎人们意料的。

)1、现在分词：主动、进行、令人…的；过去分词：被动、完成、感到…的；3、做宾补，看宾语watch look at hear listen to feel notice observe do doing 被动语态中为to do do 让某人做某事doing 让某人一直做某事不允许某人做某事(否定句)句子主语请别人做某事句子主语遭遇某种不幸having been done having done being done doing 被动主动动名词的时态和语态having been done having done being done doing 被动主动to have been done to have done 无to be doing to be done to do 被动主动my / Tom’s doing 逻辑主语me / Tom doing It is + adj.+for of sb. to do 非谓语动词基本概念及用法图解begin start continue ④+to do doing ⑤forget regret ⑥need want require to do S. += to be done ①②注意下列特殊情况：doing ③doing 主动关系被动关系be used try +to do doing mean +to do doing quit / stop +to do doing like love +hate⑦doing learn +⑧to do doing ⑨go on +to do doing ⑩to do 11S.+ be worth 表示钱数)doing S.+ be worthyof being done to be done 主动形式，被动关系12prefer doing A to doing B to do A rather than do B13过去)常常做某事be used to do 被用来做某事be / get used to doing 习惯于做某事with 后剩余的结构叫做独立主格结构。

（不能作定语，只作状语）非谓语动词的时态和语态问题：过去分词)表示已完成的动作：已经被……being done (现在分词的被动式)表示正在进行的动作：正在被……to be done （不定式的被动式）表示将要发生的动作：将要被……①②done 被动、完成having been done 被动、完成一般只作状语，强调非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作前过去分词，可作表语、定语、宾补或者状语，作状语时并没有强调意义。

（现在分词完成式的被动语态）（过去分词）③现在分词完成式的被动语态have been doing 现在完成进行时to have been done 不定式完成式的被动语态非谓语动词作状语的问题：状语从句非谓语动词: When he heard the good news, he was very excited. Hear ing the good news, he was very excited.（在状语从句中由前至后找实意动词→将从句中实意动词前的部分去掉→将找到的实意动词还原为原型→分析实意动词和句子主语的关系→主动→被动→不定式的主动式（目的状语）过去分词不定式的被动式（目的状语）以下为固定结构：broadly/generally/properly/strictly/ speaking , judging from, c ompared with, to be honest, speaking of, considering that -, talking of…, to be frank, to tell you the truth, etc.14can’t help but do do nothing but do have no choice but to do to do to be done 有某事要做有某事需要别人做15to do (由于害怕而)不敢做某事生怕/唯恐做某事名词性从句归纳陈述句五大句型句子类型引导词从句中是否做成份如何变化变化后的句子主语+谓语I do.陈述句W doesn’t have a girl friend.that(宾从中，原则：可省略；例外：宾从并列使用不可省)否句首+that主从That W doesn’t have a girl friend is a fact.→It is a fact that宾从We know(that)W doesn’t have a girl friend.表从The fact is that W doesn’t have a girl friend.同从The fact that W doesn’t have a girl friend is well-known.We know the fact that W doesn’t have a girl friend.主语+谓语+宾语I love you.主语+同位语+谓语+宾语+同位语I,your teacher,love you, my students.一般疑问句Is there anything wrong withw?（1助动词+主语+谓语？）（2系动词+主语+表语？）if/whether原则：if只用于宾从→whether名从例外：①介词后的宾从；②放于句首宾语从句；③包含or not的名从否①句首+whether/if②正装语序主从Whether there is something wrong with W is a rumor.宾从We don’t know if/whether there is something wrong with W.表从The rumor is whether there is something wrong with W.(同从)The rumor whether there is something with W is spread.We spread the rumor whether there is something with W.主语+系动词+表语（主语补足语）You are/like an angel.特殊疑问句Ⅱ疑问词+一般疑问句When/where/how/why can Ibecome W’s girl friend?连接副词when where howwhywheneverwhereverhowever状语正装语序主从When I can become W’s girl friend is a question.宾从I don’t know when I can become W’s girl friend.表从The question is when I can become W’s girl friend?同从The question when I can become W’s girl friend is puzzling.I know the question when I can become W’s girl friend.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语You make me happy.Which/whose girl is W’s girlfriend?连接代词Which whose定语（+名词）(主从)Which/whose girl W’s girl friend is is a question.宾从We don’t know which/whose girl W’s girl friend is(表从)The question is which/whose girl W’s girl friend is.(同从)The question which/whose girl W’s girl friend is is puzzling.I know the question which/whose girl W’s girl friend is主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语I give you a kiss.Who can become W’s girlfriend?Whom will W marry?What is the result of thismarriage?Who whom whatwhateverWhoeverwhomever主语/宾语/表语主从Whom W will marry is a problem.宾从We don’t know whom W will marry.表从The problem is whom W will marry.(同从)The question whom W will marry is puzzling.I know the question whom W will marry.形容词性从句归纳表分类引导词定从中所做成分变化前的句子变化后的句子规律总结定语从句限定性关系代词主语I thanked my ex-girlfriend.She left me.I thanked my ex-girlfriend who/that left me.P5表一：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的关系词对比表The letter is mine.It is on the wall.The letter which/that is on the wall is mine.宾语动宾The woman is her mother.I meet her.The woman(whom/who/that)I meet is her mother.The movie wasn’t very good.We saw it the year beforelast year.The movie(which/that)we saw the year before last year wasn’t verygood.介宾She is my girlfriend.I told you about her.She is my girlfriend about whom I told you.She is my girlfriend(whom/who/that)I told you about.The music was sentimental.I listened to it last night.The music to which I listened last night was sentimental.The music(which/that)I listened to last night was sentimental.表语I am no longer a poet.I was a poet.I am no longer the poet(who/that)I was.The campus is not a paradise of poem.It was a paradiseof poem.The campus(which/that)it was is not a paradise of poem.关系形容词定语I am a boy.My heart was broken.I am a boy whose heart was broken.We didn’t take a picture together.Its value is inestimable.We didn’t take a picture together whose value is inestimable.关系副词时间状语I will never forget the day.We broke up on that day/then.I will never forget the day(when/on which/that)we broke up.关系副词和关系代词的关系：1关系副词=介词+关系代词2非正式文体中that可以替代when/why/where并且that常常省略地点状语I wandered into the park.We dated first in that park/there.I wandered into the park(where/in which/at which/that)we dated first.原因状语Self-respect is the reason.I didn’t apply for Tsinghua University for the reason.Self-respect is the reason(why/for which/that)I didn’t apply forTsinghua University.非限定性P5表二：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的对比表关系词从句中成分非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句人事物其他人事物其他关系代词主语who which that/who that/which表语(who)(which)(that/who)(that/which)宾语(whom/who)(which)(that/whom/who)(that/which)关系形容词定语whose whose whose whose关系副词状语When/where when/why/where限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，删除后影响整个意义的表达疏松，只是补充说明，删除后不影响整个意义的表达逗号的运用不运用逗号运用逗号That的运用可用that不可用thatWhy的运用可用why不可用whyWhich/who在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略可省略（that在从句中做宾语时也可以省略）不可省略Whom在从句中做宾语时是否可以用that/who替代原则：可替代例外：紧跟在介词后的情况不可替代读时是否停顿不停顿读时停顿，用降调是否可以修饰句子不可修饰可修饰，which/as翻译时的区别译为定语译为并列句限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，删除后影响整个意义的表达疏松，只是补充说明，删除后不影响整个意义的表达逗号的运用不运用逗号运用逗号That的运用可用that不可用thatWhy的运用可用why不可用whyWhich/who在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略可省略（that在从句中做宾语时也可以省略）不可省略Whom在从句中做宾语时是否可以用that/who替代原则：可替代例外：紧跟在介词后的情况不可替代读时是否停顿不停顿读时停顿，用降调是否可以修饰句子不可修饰可修饰，which/as翻译时的区别译为定语译为并列句特殊关系词as 引导非限制性定语从句作成分主语They have helped me to finish the work,as/which is very kind of them.宾语The woman was from Beijing,as/which they know from her accent.表语He seems to be a foreigner,as/which in fact he was.与which区别形式上as可以放在句首/句中/句末。

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2013高考英语常见语法

2013高考英语常见语法

2013高考英语常见语法（1）词汇在高考中的复习方法1、听力，将音形直接对应起来。

例子：a.同学们对于what’s your name?这个问句的四步反应b.文盲及上学前对于语言的掌握2、单选，主要以语法为主，词汇起辅助作用但是需注意连词、代词、情态动词。

3、完形填空，要特别注意单词的辨析以及根据上下文推断的能力。

4、阅读，要大量掌握单词，反复的背诵，但是重点是形义相连，至少将所有单词混个脸熟。

例子：有些人一天1000个单词的背诵量。

5、改错，注意名词、代词、连词、介词。

6、作文，保证拼写正确，尤其是避开艰涩的单词。

语法在高考中的复习方法1、听力，语法方面没有什么难度，掌握基本语法即可。

2、单选：重点注意几种语法现象：时态、语态、从句、这几个语法现象是几乎每年都考到的。

3、完形填空：以单词考察为主，语法处于辅助地位，通过语法填写的空只占很少一部分。

4、阅读：关键在于对复杂句的掌握，尤其是各种从句，对于阅读的掌握非常重要。

5、改错：时态是重点，尤其是过去时及现在时。

6、作文：选择简单语法，确保正确表达，如果写不了一个好看的句子，就写一个正确的句子。

2013高考英语常见语法（2）2013高考英语常见语法（3）单词记忆法1.逻辑记忆：通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。

把几个字母看作做一个来记如："ight" light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight2 联想记忆：1)音与形的联想，即根据读音规则记忆单词。

2)形与义的联想，如：eye 把两个e看成两个眼。

banana 把a看成一个个的香蕉。

bird 把b和d看成两个翅膀。

3)象声词，联想实际的声音，如：gong 锣 coo 咕咕声。

3.构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。

例：【clud词根为关闭系列词汇串记】exclude include preclude concludeexclude vt. 拒绝；排斥 n. exclusion adj. exclusive【助记】ex(向外)+clude(close关)include vt. 包括；包含 n.inclusion adj. inclusive【助记】in(向内)+clude(close关)4.分类记忆：把单词进行分门类如：动物，植物等，进行分类记忆。

英语笔记-2013.8.31

英语笔记-2013.8.31

Missing the mat ( 掉到垫子外边了，是不沾边的意思吗，待查证)Are China’s economic goals at odds with its growth targets? 经济增长和设定目标不符吗？Jul 20th 2013 | HONG KONG |From the print editionEVER since the Asian financial crisis of 1998, China’s economy has overshot（超越）the government’s annual growth target, often by a wide margin（经常是大幅度的超越）. It has become cl ear that these “targets” are not like bull’s-eyes in archery（靶心）; they are more like the bar of a high jump（跳高）. This year, however, China’s economy is likely to brush （刷新）the 7.5% bar it has set itself. According to figures released（公布） this week, its GDP grew at precisely that pace （节奏）in the year to the second quarter, having grown by 7.7% in the first. Some predict less than 7.5% growth for the year. Others fear it may miss the mat altogether(这里就是所谓的连边都不沾；感觉有点儿像 at all 用法).Since a cash crunch（现金危机） in June, when its central bank withheld（扣除） liquidity from the banking system to punish reckless （粗鲁的，鲁莽的） lenders（贷方）, China has become a big source of worry for the world economy. But the latest figures suggest that the global economy is still hurting（伤害）China more than the other way round. The country’s domestic demand（国内需求） in the first half of the year was enough to support 9% growth, according to Louis Kuijs of the Royal Bank of Scotland, but weak exports（进口的薄弱）sapped （折断，有这么一层意思，但是这里肯定是得意译，哈）the economy’s momentum.In this section•Limiting the fallout•Missing the mat•My generationReprintsRelated topics•The yuan•World markets•Asia-Pacific markets•Chinese markets•ChinaThis export weakness owes （影响着，这里是意译的结果，直接意思就是欠款）something to the strength of China’s currency. Since 2010, its trade-weighted exchange rate （贸易加权汇率）has risen by more than any of the other 60 currencies tracked by the Bank for International Settlements. A strengthened yuan has helped to wean （使断奶，断开）China off export-led growth, but its shift to a consumer-led economy has been more fitful. The IMF this week arg ued that China’s growth has become “too reliant（依赖的，可靠的）on investment and an unsustainable surge in credit”. Investment again contributed the majority of China’s growth in the first half of the year.The figures did reveal (透露) other kinds of rebalancing. Services （服务业）grew faster than industry. Credit, broadly defined, slowed and the share of credit provided by the shadow banking system shrank（萎缩）. Reining in credit, the IMF argued, is a more urgent task than “shoring (支撑)up gro wth”.China’s prospects （前景）for the rest of 2013 depend on whether the new leadership feels obliged to meet its growth target. Some doubt was cast（依靠于）on its commitment last week when China’s finance minister, Lou Jiwei, appeared to forget what the target was. On a visit to America, he said the goal this year was 7% growth and even 6.5% growth would not be a big problem.His remarks were changed to 7.5% in official reports. Mr Lou’s boss, Li Keqiang, China’s prime minister, also said this week that his wish to change the mix of China’s growth does not mean he is indifferent to the pace. He may boost demand by spending more on public housing, railways and IT infrastructure. China can still maintain stability, the IMF said, but “the margins of safety are narro wing”. There will be no repeat of the 2009 stimulus（刺激）, but the government has not ruled out giving the economy a leg-up over the bar.Rule out/ off 把….排除在外/ 排除….的可能性。

2013年高考英语考纲词汇总结

2013年高考英语考纲词汇总结

黄冈中学高考2013届英语考纲词汇总结A1.abandon v. 放弃，抛弃2.ability n. 能力；才能have the ability to do有做…的能力3.able be able to do = be capable of doing 能够干unable ability n. disable vt.使残废disabled adj.残废的4.abnormal a. 不正常的5.aboard prep. 在（或上）船，飞机，火车等go aboard 上船at home and abroad 在国内外6.abolish v. 废除7.about be about to do sth.即将做......be about to dosth...when . I was about to leave when the telephone rang8.above---below over---under9.abroad ad. 到（在）国外10.abrupt a. 突然的，不连贯的11.absence n. 不在，缺席absent a. be absentfrom缺席… (be present at 出席…)12.absolute a. 绝对的13.absorb v. 吸收14.abstract a. & n. 抽象（的）15.absurd a. 荒谬的16.abundant a. 丰富的17.abuse v.滥用，虐待18.academic a. & n. 学校的，学术的19.academy n. 专科院校20.accelerate v. 加快21.accent n. 口音，音调22.accept~ A as B 把A当作B接受/接纳cf. receive23.access n. & v. 接近，进入the access to sp进入…通道（机会）have access to sth 有接近/使用。

2013高考英语必备复习资料

2013高考英语必备复习资料

高考核心词汇大全口诀：英语高考变化大，词汇越来越称霸；标准要求三千五，八百词汇是关卡；字形词义熟练记，保证考场是赢家。

一、语法角度归纳词汇：1.只能接动名词，而不能接不定式作宾语：口诀：建议避免冒险；介意错过训练；厌恶推迟完成；承认逃脱抵抗；考虑保持忍受；想象宽恕欣赏。

suggest, avoid, risk, mind, miss, practise, dislike, delay, finish, admit, escape, resist, consider, keep, stand, imagine, forgive, enjoy2.只能接不定式，而不能接动名词作宾语：口诀：打算将来负担起一切，就得尝试失败，拒绝假装努力。

要学会选择，决心设法完成计划。

父母会同意提供帮助，要承诺达到他们的期望要求。

want, intend, mean, afford, attempt, fail, refuse, pretend, try, learn, choose, decide, determine, manage, plan, agree, offer, help, promise, hope, wish, expect, ask3.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，意义不同：口诀：go on 表继续，接doing 同一事，接to do 换一个；regret,forget , remember, 接doing 表做过，跟to do 要去做；mean doing 意味着，mean to do 打算做；try doing 试着做，try to do设法做4.既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，意义相同：口诀：need, want, require, 还有一个deserve, 接不定式用被动，接doing 主动就能表被动；Worth后接doing, 也用主动表被动，worthy 则不同，改用被动用被动。

need, require, want, deserve + doing / to be done (需要做)be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done (值得做)5.接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾补：口诀：禁止、建议和允许，接doing作宾语，接to do 作补语。