Chapter-10-拜伦·雪莱·济慈
- 格式:pptx
- 大小:415.96 KB
- 文档页数:5
拜伦雪莱济慈不得不说的故事打开这三人的百度百科,摊上手边的诗选。
和师太聊天的时候,我终于完整的Y Y了一遍前阵子的奇特发现(我真的不是同人女@@)。
所有事件,时间,作品,地点,在我可查的范围内皆是真实。
记录如下:------------------------------------这是一个简单而又意味深长的故事,抹去所有繁复的支线,如今我只讲述那些我们所能够得知的,尚未被历史尘封的,真实发生过的事。
1795年约翰济慈出生在伦敦一个贫苦的家庭,却也受到文学方面优良的教育。
16岁便开始专心于写作。
1814年,19岁的济慈动笔为当时已名满欧洲文坛的诗人拜伦写下了一首赞美诗《致拜伦》,他在诗的开头就以奔放饱满的热情写道:“拜伦!你的歌声那么甜蜜,叫人心里生出温情。
”在短诗的结尾处亦重复了拜伦在中对垂死天鹅的向往(“让我像天鹅在死前高歌,亡国奴的乡土不是我邦家”——《哀希腊》)以表赞同支持之意。
其时,25岁的拜伦早已在1809年重回伦敦,在同一城市生活多年的两位诗人是否已经熟识我们不得而知。
我们只看到,济慈写下《致拜伦》的两年后,拜伦的妻子提出分居,紧接着,在这场婚变所挑起的强烈舆论攻击下,拜伦永远的离开了英国。
此后拜伦一路南下,如所有人都知道的那样,他在瑞士日内瓦湖畔结识了同为流亡诗人的雪莱。
评论家史作者,以及流传民间的说法都告诉我们,他们一见如故,交往密切,同游过欧洲多个城市,雪莱甚至写下了以自己与拜伦为原型的长诗《朱利安和马达洛》,他们之间的深厚友谊常为后人所称赞。
然而很少有人提到,在1816年11月,正是他们结识的五个月后,雪莱的妻子跳下冰冷的河水自尽。
拜伦、雪莱与济慈三位诗人的选篇都探讨了死亡、新生、爱情、自由等主题,探讨了死亡与爱情、死亡与革命、死亡与美等之间的关系。
拜伦与雪莱的激进思想,都体现了生命燃烧的一生,短短人生却留下了追求自由和解放的激情的岁月。
1.如早年都受到主流社会的抨击,拜伦在学生时代因出版诗集《闲散的时刻》(hours of Idleness)受到攻击,后来因此事引起轰动。
最后终因离婚事件被迫离开了伦敦,到意大利定居。
雪莱则是在牛津大学读书期间,因印发无神论的必然性(The Necessity of Atheism)而被开除。
也发生过离婚事件,也被迫离开了英国,也到意大利定居。
2.都坚持追求自由(freedom)和英雄豪情。
1823年7月,拜伦前往希腊,支援希腊人们反抗土耳其统治的斗争,死于营地,比希腊人民奉为英雄。
3.强烈的政治和抒情意识体现了诗人的英雄豪情和儿女私情的完美结合,如课文选篇中的拜伦的两首诗。
She Walks in beauty一个姑娘的美丽,会是怎么样的?用哪些形容词可以描述?tender,soft, calm, pure, dear,sweet,peace,innocent.外在的美描述哪些部位?如眼睛(eye),头发(raven tress)(色调),脸庞(色调)(face),面颊(cheek),额际(brow),微笑(smile),容颜(aspect),心灵(peace)(mind and heart)1.What is the word as the central image of the second part of thepoem?2.Would you like to analyze the syntactic structure of part 2?3.The body narrative is apparent in this poem, so how do you thinkbody parts(what are they?) are narrated by Byron?4.除了对有形身体(body parts)的叙述,还有就是对无形的身体叙述。
外国文学史填空题及答案1.希腊早期文学的主要成就是()和()。
2.希腊神话的内容包括()和()。
3.马克思曾经评价“希腊神话不只是希腊艺术的(),而且是它的()”。
4.现今流传下来的最早一首以现实生活为主要内容的长诗是()。
5.赫西奥德的叙事长诗()是关于宇宙起源和神的谱系的最早的系统的描述。
6.萨福是古希腊最著名的女诗人,柏拉图称她为()。
7.被称作“基督教之父”的是()。
8.荷马史诗包括()和()。
9.《伊利亚特》一开篇就提出它的主题是()。
10.《奥德塞》的主题是()。
参考答案1-10 神话,荷马史诗;神的故事,英雄传说;武库,土壤;赫西奥德的教诲诗《工作与时日》;《神谱》;“第十位文艺女神”;斐洛;《伊利亚特》(或译《伊利昂记》),《奥德塞》(或译《奥德修记》);阿喀琉斯的愤怒;还乡。
11.古希腊戏剧起源于(),古希腊悲剧起源于(),喜剧的前身是()和()。
12.埃斯库罗斯被人们誉为(),他的代表作《俄瑞斯忒亚》三部曲包括()、()和()。
他的()是现存希腊悲剧中唯一取材于现实生活的一部作品。
13.索福克勒斯被文学史家誉为(),他的代表作《俄狄浦斯王》被亚里士多德称为(),弗洛伊德曾根据这部悲剧提出了著名的()理论。
14.欧里庇得斯被称为(),又由于他善于刻画人的心理而被誉为()。
15.阿里斯托芬的()是流传至今唯一以神话幻想为题材的喜剧作品,林间飞鸟建立了一个理想的社会——(),这是欧洲文学中最早的乌托邦思想的表现。
16.奥古斯都时期三大诗人及代表作是维吉尔的()、贺垃斯的()和奥维徳的()。
17.代表早期基督教文学最高成就的是()。
18.中世纪文学主要包括教会文学、()、()和()。
中世纪教会文学的主要内容是()。
19.日尔曼人的一支盎格鲁撒克逊人的史诗()是流传至今的早期英雄史诗中最完整的一部。
20.中世纪后期英雄史诗中最著名的有法国的()、西班牙的()、德国的()和俄罗斯的()。
雪莱与拜伦:浪漫主义文学的两大巨星1. 引言•浪漫主义是19世纪早期欧洲文学和艺术运动,它强调个人情感、对自然的赞美以及追求真理和完美。
•雪莱和拜伦是浪漫主义文学中最具代表性的作家之一,他们的作品深受当时社会的关注,并对后世产生了深远影响。
2. 简介:雪莱(Shelley)与拜伦(Byron)2.1 雪莱(Shelley)•出生于1792年,英国诗人、散文家和戏剧家。
•擅长抒发个人情感、探讨政治和哲学问题。
•代表作品有《奥西安德》、《普罗米修斯解放》等。
2.2 拜伦(Byron)•出生于1788年,英国浪漫主义诗人和游记作家。
•倾向于挑战传统道德观念,塑造出复杂而矛盾的角色形象。
•代表作品有《唐璜》、《查尔德·哈罗德之朝圣之路》等。
3. 雪莱与拜伦的创作风格比较•雪莱注重抒发内心情感,作品充满激情和幻想色彩。
•拜伦则更加直接,他的作品揭示了社会问题,并表达对权威和正统观念的质疑。
•尽管两人在创作风格上存在一定差异,但都秉承着浪漫主义思想,关注个体自由和追求理想世界。
4. 影响与遗产4.1 影响其他作家和文化•雪莱和拜伦的作品启迪了许多后来的文学家,包括浪漫主义诗人约翰·济慈、托马斯·洛夫·皮尔斯等。
•他们的作品也对维多利亚时期文学产生了深远影响,对其后代诗人、小说家产生了启发。
4.2 思想与社会影响•雪莱和拜伦在政治和社会领域也有一定影响力。
他们关注社会不公与人道主义问题,呼吁人们思考自由、平等和正义的重要性。
•他们所宣扬的个人情感和理想世界的追求,被认为是浪漫主义文学运动核心价值观之一。
5. 总结•雪莱与拜伦作为浪漫主义文学的两大巨星,以其独特的创作风格和思想观念对后世产生了深远影响。
•他们通过文学表达了个体情感、探讨了政治和社会问题,并激发了许多后来的文学家对自由、平等和正义价值的关注。
•雪莱和拜伦不仅是浪漫主义文学运动的代表人物,也是人类文化历程中不可忽视的重要存在。
William Wordsworth⏹What are the main features of Wordsworth’s poetry?⏹back to nature⏹deep love of nature⏹appeal to individual sensations⏹attention to humble folk of rural life⏹simplicity and purity in languageI travelled among unknown men这首诗是采用民谣体创作的经典之作,浪漫主义产生了一定的促进作用。
它的主题是诗人对露西和对祖国英格兰深深爱恋,意境凄美,感情真挚自然。
从韵律上看,这首诗的前三个诗节压的是行尾交叉韵(单数诗句四音部抑扬格,双数诗句三音部抑扬格交替转换),最后一诗节韵式为成对韵。
露西之死可以从诗的最后一句中——“露西,她最后一眼望见的”——可以看出,《露西》组诗的另外几首也可以作为旁证。
露西死了,但是露西永远活在诗人心中,虽死犹生。
露西是完美的,她死了,是因为现实中不存在这样完美的人。
lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey赏析It is in blank verse.One of the major themes of the poem is - people\'s change over time.The title is very clear and literary gives us all the necessary informations like, time, place, date etc. which helps us to understand the poem.Imagination also plays very important role here. His longing to return to this special place a few miles above Tintern Abbey which he absolutely adores. We can see he has been away from this place for five years, and he always thinks about this magical place with its steep lofty cliffs and its beautiful scenery. the poem is about nature and how the speaker revoke his memory when he was in that location.She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways在韵律上,此诗采用谣曲形式(四音步抑扬格与三音步抑扬格相间押交韵),这些语言形式的特点也与诗中乡村姑娘的形象贴合得当,和谐统一。
外国文学史填空专项练习(附答案)1.希腊早期文学的主要成就是()和()。
2.希腊神话的内容包括()和()。
3.马克思曾经评价“希腊神话不只是希腊艺术的(),而且是它的()”。
4.现今流传下来的最早一首以现实生活为主要内容的长诗是()。
5.赫西奥德的叙事长诗()是关于宇宙起源和神的谱系的最早的系统的描述。
6.萨福是古希腊最著名的女诗人,柏拉图称她为()。
7.被称作“基督教之父”的是()。
8.荷马史诗包括()和()。
9.《伊利亚特》一开篇就提出它的主题是()。
10.《奥德塞》的主题是()。
参考答案1-10 神话,荷马史诗;神的故事,英雄传说;武库,土壤;赫西奥德的教诲诗《工作与时日》;《神谱》;“第十位文艺女神”;斐洛;《伊利亚特》(或译《伊利昂记》),《奥德塞》(或译《奥德修记》);阿喀琉斯的愤怒;还乡。
11.古希腊戏剧起源于(),古希腊悲剧起源于(),喜剧的前身是()和()。
12.埃斯库罗斯被人们誉为(),他的代表作《俄瑞斯忒亚》三部曲包括()、()和()。
他的()是现存希腊悲剧中唯一取材于现实生活的一部作品。
13.索福克勒斯被文学史家誉为(),他的代表作《俄狄浦斯王》被亚里士多德称为(),弗洛伊德曾根据这部悲剧提出了著名的()理论。
14.欧里庇得斯被称为(),又由于他善于刻画人的心理而被誉为()。
15.阿里斯托芬的()是流传至今唯一以神话幻想为题材的喜剧作品,林间飞鸟建立了一个理想的社会——(),这是欧洲文学中最早的乌托邦思想的表现。
16.奥古斯都时期三大诗人及代表作是维吉尔的()、贺垃斯的()和奥维徳的()。
17.代表早期基督教文学最高成就的是()。
18.中世纪文学主要包括教会文学、()、()和()。
中世纪教会文学的主要内容是()。
19.日尔曼人的一支盎格鲁撒克逊人的史诗()是流传至今的早期英雄史诗中最完整的一部。
20.中世纪后期英雄史诗中最著名的有法国的()、西班牙的()、德国的()和俄罗斯的()。
济慈约翰·济慈(John Keats,1795年10⽉31⽇-1821年2⽉23⽇)。
出⽣于英国伦敦。
杰出的英国诗⼈,作家,浪漫派的主要成员。
济慈才华横溢,与雪莱、拜伦齐名。
年轻的济慈⾮常钟爱维吉尔(Virgil),14岁时,他将维吉尔的长诗《艾涅阿斯纪》(Aeneid)翻译成英语。
考⼊医学院后⼀年,便放弃了从医的志愿,⽽专⼼于写作诗歌。
他善于运⽤描写⼿法创作诗歌,将多种情感与⾃然完美结合,从⽣活中寻找创作的影⼦。
他的诗篇能带给⼈们⾝临其境的感受。
1821年2⽉23⽇,济慈于意⼤利疗养的途中因肺结核病逝,去世时年仅25岁,可他遗下的诗篇誉满⼈间,他的诗被认为完美体现了西⽅浪漫主义诗歌特⾊,济慈被⼈们推崇为欧洲浪漫主义运动的杰出代表。
代表作《恩底弥翁》、《夜莺颂》、《希腊古瓮颂》。
《夜莺颂》《Ode To A Nightingale》(英语原⽂)My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness painsMy sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,Or emptied some dull opiate to the drainsOne minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,But being too happy in thine happiness ——That thou, light winged Dryad of the trees,In some melodious plotOf beechen green, and shadows numberless,Singest of summer in full-throated ease.O, for a draught of vintage! that hath beenCool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth,Tasting of Flora and the country green,Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt mirth!O for a beaker full of the warm SouthFull of the true, the blushful Hippocrene,With beaded bubbles winking at the brim,And purple-stained mouth,That I might drink, and leave the world unseen,And with thee fade away into the forest dim.Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forgetWhat thou amongst the leaves hast never known,The weariness, the fever, and the fretHere, where men sit and hear each other groan;Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last grey hairs.Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin,and dies;Where nut to think is to be full of sorrowAnd leaden-eyed despairs;Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,Or new Love pine at thembeyond to-morrow.Away! away! for I will fly to thee,Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards,But on the viewless wings of Poesy,Though the dull brain perplexes and retards. Already with thee! tender is the night,And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne, Clustered around by all her starry Fays;But here there is no light,Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown Through verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways.I cannot see what flowers are at my feet,Nor what soft incensehangs upon the boughs, But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet Wherewith the seasonable month endowsThe grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild——White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine;Fast fading violets covered up in leaves;And mid-May's eldest child,The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine,The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves. Darkling I listen; and for many a timeI have been half in love with easeful Death,Called him soft names in many a mused rhyme,To take into the air my quiet breath;Now more than ever seems it rich to die,To cease upon the midnight with no pain,While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroadIn such an ecstasy!Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain——To thy high requiem become a sod.Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!No hungry generations treadthee down;The voice I hear this passing night eas heardIn ancient days by emperor and clown:Perhaps the self-same song that found a pathThrough the sad heart of Ruth, when, sick for home,She stood in tears amid the alien corn;The same that oft-times hathCharm'd magic casement, opening on the foamOf perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn.Forlorn! the very word is like a bellTo toll me back from thee to my sole self!Adieu! the fancy cannot cheat so wellAs she is famed to do, deceiving elf.Adieu! adieu! thy plaintive anthem fadesPast the near meadows, over the still stream,Up the hill-side; and now 'tis buried deepIn the next valley-glades:Was is a vision, or a waking dream?Fled is that music -- Do I wake or sleep?《夜莺颂》(查良铮译)我的⼼在痛,困顿和⿇⽊刺进了感官,有如饮过毒鸠,⼜象是刚刚把鸦⽚吞服,于是向着列斯忘川下沉:并不是我嫉妒你的好运,⽽是你的快乐使我太欢欣——因为在林间嘹亮的天地⾥,你呵,轻翅的仙灵,你躲进⼭⽑榉的葱绿和荫影,放开歌喉,歌唱着夏季。
John Keats was born in Finsbury Pavement near London on October 31st, 1795. The first son of a stable-keeper, he had a sister and three brothers, one of whom died in infancy. When John was eight years old, his father was killed in an accident. In the same year his mother married again, but little later separated from her husband and took her family to live with her mother. John attended a good school where he became well acquainted with ancient and contemporary literature. In 1810 his mother died of consumption, leaving the children to their grandmother. The old lady put them under the care of two guardians, to whom she made over a respectable amount of money for the benifit of the orphans. Under the authority of the guardians, he was taken from school to an be apprentice to a surgeon. In 1814, before completion of his apprenticeship, John left his master after a quarrel, becoming a hospital student in London. Under the guidance of his friend Cowden Clarke he devoted himself increasingly to literature. In 1814 Keats finally sacrificed his medical ambitions to a literary life.He soon got acquainted with celebrated artists of his time, like Leigh Hunt, Percy B. Shelley and Benjamin Robert Haydon. In May 1816, Hunt helped him publish his first poem in a magazine. A year later Keats published about thirty poems and sonnets printed in the volume "Poems".After receiving scarce, negative feedback, Keats travelled to the Isle of Wight on his own in spring of 1817. In the late summer he went to Oxford together with a newly-made friend, Benjamin Bailey. In the following winter, George Keats married and emigrated to America, leaving the consumptuous brother Tom to the John's care. Apart from helping Tom against consumption, Keats worked on his poem "Endymion". Just before its publication, he went on a hiking tour to Scotland and Ireland with his friend Charles Brown. First signs of his own fatal disease forced him to return prematurely, where he found his brother seriously ill and his poem harshly critisized. In December 1818 Tom Keats died. John moved to Hampstead Heath, were he lived in the house of Charles Brown. While in Scotland with Keats, Brown had lent his house to a Mrs Brawne and her sixteen-year-old daughter Fanny. Since the ladies where still living in London, Keats soon made their acquaintance and fell in love with the beautiful, fashionable girl. Absorbed in love and poetry, he exhausted himself mentally, and in autumn of 1819, he tried to gain some distance to literature through an ordinary occupation.An unmistakeable sign of consumption in February 1820 however broke all his plans for the future, marking the beginning of what he called his "postmumous life". He could not enjoy the positive resonance on the publication of the volume "Lamia, Isabella &c.", including his most celebrated odes. In the late summer of 1820, Keats was ordered by his doctors to avoid the English winter and move to Italy. His friend Joseph Severn accompanied him south - first to Naples, and then to Rome. His health improved momentarily, only to collapse finally. Keats died in Rome on the 23rd of February, 1821. He was buried on the Protestant Cemetary, near the grave of Caius Cestius. On his desire, the following lines were engraved on his tombstone: "Here lies one whose name was writ in water.""消极的才能"及其完美的注脚--济慈诗歌《希腊古瓮颂》评析济慈的"诗人无个性"、"消极感受力"与王国维的"无我之境" 王广州《希腊古瓮颂》中的"美"与"真"济慈:为世界换一个新的心脏文/张祈2005年09月15日,星期四济慈:为世界换一个新的心脏张祈1世界上的诗人有着种种类型,但有一类诗人最惹人喜爱。
济慈给雪莱的信,伟大的对话.(精选)济慈、雪莱,两位英国史上最伟大的浪漫派诗人,在济慈发表用希腊神话写的长诗《恩底弥翁》时,曾遭受评论界激烈抨击,唯有雪莱给了他宝贵支持,二人在意大利邂逅,遂结金兰。
济慈病故后,雪莱悲痛异常,称亡友为“生命与自然的象征”。
世事难料,雪莱本人也于翌年在意大利覆舟溺死海中,骨灰葬在济慈墓旁边,并建立了“济慈—雪莱纪念馆”。
经典美文欣赏之浪漫派诗人济慈写给好友雪莱的信(英汉对照)16 august 1820Hampstead, August 16thMy dear Shelley,I am very much gratified that you, in a foreign country, and with a mind almost over occupied, should write to me in the strain of the Letter beside me. If I do not take advantage of your invitation it will be prevented by a circumstance I have very much at heart to prophesy. There is no doubt that an english winter would put an end to me, and do so in a lingering hateful manner, therefore I must either voyage or journey to Italy as a soldier marches up to a battery.您客居异邦、思念万千,仍不辞劳苦给我写信(您的信此刻就在我身边),表达了您对我的关心,这真让我感激不尽!万一不能应邀前往,那肯定是由于我的病情又在作怪,这也应是预料之中的。