北京师范大学教育技术学专业博士入学考试一些资料

北京大学教育学院教育管理（教育博士）考博指导-育明考博一、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。

为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。

英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。

但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。

其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。

2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。

该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。

（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。

包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。

（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）二、北京大学教育博士考博专业课参考书教育管理综合：1.《现代教育学基础》，（日）筑波大学教育学会编，钟启泉译，上海教育出版社20032.《教育哲学》，张楚廷著，教育科学出版社，20063.《高等教育理念》，（英）罗纳德.巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20124.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞主编，人民教育出版社，20115.《大学运行模式》，[美]伯恩鲍姆，别敦荣译，中国海洋大学出版社，20036.《高等教育运行机制研究》，闵维方主编，人民教育出版社，20027.《高等教育系统》，[美]伯顿·克拉克，杭州大学出版社，1994育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

北师大教育技术学考博-北京师范大学教育技术学考博参考书目专业介绍教育技术学是现代教育科学发展的重要成果，教育技术参与教育过程，改变了整个教育过程的模式，改变了教育过程的组织序列，改变了分析和处理教育、教学问题的思路。

教育技术作为教育活动的一个重要方面可谓源远流长，但那主要是针对它所涉及的教学媒体而言的。

北师大教育技术学考博,人们真正使用教育技术这个术语，并围绕它形成一个独立的知识体系，则是本世纪60年代以后的事情，当然它有一个孕育期和生长期，那至多也是近一个世纪的事情。

是现代科学技术和现代教育理念的不断发展，赋予了教育技术概念充实的内涵和无限的生命力。

教育技术是关于学习资源和学习过程的设计、开发、使用、管理和评价的理论和实践。

教育技术是在视听教学方法、个别化教学方法和设计与改进的实验方法的基础上发展起来的。

随着科技手段的引入和有关理论{传播理论、系统科学理论、学习理论等}的影响，形成了以对教学过程的设计、评价技术和教学媒体开发与利用技术为基本内容的教育技术。

教育技术学是在教育技术的发展过程中不断地完善自己的指导思想和理论框架，并逐步从教学方法范畴中分离出来的一门新兴的教育分支学科。

它区别于其他教育分支学科的特点不是表现在这个学科的目的任务上——为了改善和获得有效的学习结果，而是在于它分析、解决教育和教学问题的思想、手段、方法和方法论。

正如伊利(D.Ely)在20世纪70年代初期所说：“教育技术领域的主要目标是促进和改善人类学习的质量。

由于这个目标提出的任务是由教育学科的各个分支所共同负担的，那么它就不能作为某个特殊领域的理论依据而提出了。

教育技术学的特点，从而可谓它赖以存在的理由是在于它达到这个目标的哲学方法和实践方法。

作为教育技术的特征，其方法已被3个先后发展起来的模式所揭示。

在以往50年间，它使这一个领域得到发展。

教育技术在发展过程中要从教育学、心理学、传播学、系统科学等有关的研究成果中寻求理论依据，作为自身进一步发展的指导理论。

首都师范大学教育学院考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置首都师范大学教育学院共招生14人，有7个专业，分别是教育学原理、课程与教学论、比较教育学、教育技术学、教师教育、基础心理学、发展与教育心理学。

二、考试的科目三、导师介绍劳凯声，北京师范大学教育系教授、博士生导师，北京师范大学教育与心理学院副院长，教育系主任。

学术兼职全国教育学研究会理事；主讲课程硕士生课程：教育学原理专题、教育法学与教育政治学专题、国外教育法研究、中国高等教育体制改革研究；博士生课程：学术思潮与教育研究、教育研究方法论、教育政策分析。

康丽颖：首都师范大学教育学院副院长，教授，博士生导师。

曾在《教育研究》、《比较教育研究》等刊物上发表学术论文50余篇，其中多篇被人大复印资料全文转载。

先后主持和参与主编了第一本反映中国青少年发展状况的蓝皮书，第一本反映未成年人犯罪状况的红皮书。

孟繁华，男，1963年5月生人，汉族，山东人，中共党员，首都师范大学副校长、教授、博士生导师。

兼任北京师范大学教育学部教授、博士生导师。

研究领域：教育经济与管理、教育政策、教师教育邢永富，男，汉族，九三学社，1954年生于河北邯郸，毕业于北京师范大学，现任首都师范大学教育科学学院教授、博士生导师。

长期从事教育学理论研究和教学工作，讲授教育学原理、高等教育学、教育政治学、邓小平教育理论等课程，主要研究教育发展与政策分析、教育可持续发展、公民教育等问题。

傅树京，首都师范大学教师，教授，博士生导师，“教育经济与管理研究所”所长；主要研究领域：教育管理，教育领导，教育制度，公共管理，人力资源管理，组织行为，学校改进，专业发展，教师教育等。

李孔珍：女，博士，副教授，研究方向：教育政策、教育管理，专著：《大学组织管理创新》，山西教育出版社，2008年；主编教材：《教育英语文献选读》，高等教育出版社，2009年薛海平：湖北人，管理学博士，讲师。

毕业于北京大学教育经济与管理专业。

2024年博士研究生入学考试参考书目
博士研究生入学考试参考书目因学科和专业而异，以下是一些学科的参考书目：
化学：《无机化学》、《有机化学》、《分析化学》、《物理化学》等。

数学：《高等数学》、《线性代数》、《概率论与数理统计》等。

物理学：《普通物理学》、《量子力学》、《热力学与统计物理学》等。

生物学：《分子生物学》、《细胞生物学》、《遗传学》等。

计算机科学：《数据结构与算法》、《计算机组成原理》、《操作系统》等。

以上是一些常见学科的博士研究生入学考试参考书目，具体的参考书目还需根据报考的学校和专业的不同而有所差异。

建议查阅报考学校或相关教育部门的官方公告，以获取准确和最新的信息。

北京师范大学教育学部比较教育学考博备考资料-育明考博一、北京师范大学教育学部考博招生情况统计（育明考博）二、北京师范大学比较教育学考博招生情况（育明考博）专业方向复试人数/招生人数复试方式040104比较教育学基础教育比较研究高等教育比较研究国际教育与发展教育研究教育政策与管理比较研究14年24人/7人15年17人/6人16年15人/5人专业笔试成绩占30%专业面试成绩占70%外语加试育明教育杜老师解析：1、北京师范大学自2013年为更好选拔博士生生源质量试行“申请-审核”选拔博士生制度，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。

“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩。

选拔流程为提交申请材料-笔试-面试-录取（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）。

2、材料审核中重点打分项：个人自述、科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）、外语水平、本硕院校、博士修习计划3、初审委员会委员及复试小组成员原则上由相关学科领域副教授（含）以上担任，至少5人。

初审：初审满分值为100分。

在初审成绩60分以上(含60分)的考生中，进行成绩排序，并按不低于1：3（即录取名额:复试人数）的比例确定复试名单。

复试：复试包括外语加试、专业笔试和专业面试（含外语口试），满分值为100分，其中，专业笔试成绩占30%、专业面试成绩占70%，外语加试成绩仅记“合格”或“不合格”。

复试考核内容主要包括：专业基础知识、科研潜力、学术水平、外语能力、创新意识与能力等。

复试成绩60分以上（含60分）且外语加试成绩合格的考生有资格进入最后的录取排名。

（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）育明教育针对北师教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

教育学博士参考书目教育学博士研究生是培养高级教育专门人才，进行教育学研究和教育事业管理的学科研究生教育。

为了帮助教育学博士研究生更好地开展学术研究和提升专业素养，下面是一份教育学博士参考书目，供有需要的研究生参考。

一、教育学基础1. 《教育学原理》——杨东平2. 《教育学概论》——高迎祥3. 《教育学原理与教育思想史》——陈其光4. 《教育心理学》——杨国忠5. 《教育技术与课件制作》——刘春江二、教育研究方法1. 《教育统计与测量》——王向光2. 《质性研究方法》——何宝东3. 《量化研究方法》——李家明4. 《教育调查问卷设计与分析》——汪洋5. 《SPSS统计分析与应用》——杜鹏飞三、教育政策与管理1. 《教育学的政治经济学》——罗文嘉2. 《教育行政学》——王铮3. 《高校治理与管理研究》——王全凯4. 《教育法学》——马千里5. 《教育评估与质量管理》——朱庆华四、教育发展与改革1. 《中国教育发展报告》2. 《世界教育发展报告》3. 《教育改革与管理研究》杂志4. 《国际教育研究》杂志5. 《现代教育科学》杂志五、学校与教育教学1. 《中学教育学》——方宝美2. 《小学教育学》——孙宝国3. 《学校教育学》——林源4. 《课程与教学》——汤化龙5. 《教育心理学》——张德芬六、特殊教育与教育心理学1. 《特殊教育学》——杜高斗2. 《残疾人教育学》——岳大勇3. 《心理咨询与评估》——吴秉成4. 《学前儿童特殊教育学》——包明红5. 《心理健康教育与谘商》——宋秀梅七、教育技术与远程教育1. 《远程教育概论》——牟砚林2. 《现代教育技术导论》——董占培3. 《信息技术在教育中的应用》——肖瑞萍4. 《计算机教育学》——钟文忠5. 《网络教学：原理与实践》——孙志远八、研究生期刊1. 《教育研究》杂志2. 《中国高等教育》杂志3. 《中国教育学刊》杂志4. 《教育科学研究》杂志5. 《心理发展与教育》杂志以上是一份教育学博士参考书目，涵盖了教育学的基础理论、研究方法、教育政策与管理、教育发展与改革、学校与教育教学、特殊教育与教育心理学、教育技术与远程教育等多个方面。

北师大教育经济与管理专业考博考试内部复习资料--育明考博一、北京师范大学教育经济与管理专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心）专业招生人数初试内容复试内容120403教育经济与管理3人①1101英语（100分）②2241微观与宏观经济学（100分）③3374教育经济学（100分）①专业知识和能力（含本学科专业理论知识、分析解决问题的能力、外语听说能力）②综合素质和能力育明考博辅导中心李老师解析：1、北京师范大学教育经济与管理专业考博的报录比平均在7:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有3个研究方向：公共财政与教育财政（王善迈）、教育与劳动力市场（赖德胜）、教育财政（袁连生）。

3、同等学力考生复试笔试加试科目：两门硕士阶段专业基础课、政治理论4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。

要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。

专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。

5、北师大考博初试外语中不含听力。

6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。

育明教育考博分校针对北京师范大学教育经济与管理专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（北师大考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育李老师叩叩：893.241.226）。

二、北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院历年考博复试分数线（育明考博辅导中心）年份复试成绩要求2013年外语48分专业一60分专业二60分2014年外语45分专业一60分专业二60分2015年外语50分专业一60分专业二60分育明考博辅导中心李老师解析：1、经济与工商管理学院共有7个专业，各专业之间报录比差别还是比较大的，2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。

北京师范大学课程与教学论任翔、郑国民语文教育考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京师范大学文学院每年招收博士生43人，下设民俗学、课程与教学论、文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界文学、中国民间文学，共10个专业。

课程与教学论专业下设任翔、郑国民的语文教育。

二、考试的科目课程与教学论的考试科目为：①1101英语②2295语文教育学③3789语文教育史三、导师介绍任翔：教授，语文教育研究所所长郑国民：北京师范大学教师教育学院常务副院长兼教育学部副部长，博士生导师，教育部国家语文课程标准研制修订组专家，全国中学语文教学专业委员会副理长，北京师范大学版小学语文教材主编。

（北京师范大学各专业考博资料、课程辅导咨询育明教育杜老师QQ：893241226）四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。

这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。

参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

（北京师范大学各专业考博资料、课程辅导咨询育明教育杜老师QQ：893241226）专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。

第二，专题信息汇总整理。

每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。

最后一方面是专业前沿问题。

每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。

第三，专业真题及解析。

专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。

一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。

1.《教育学基础》（第二版），全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写，教育科学出版社，2003
2.《现代教育论》（第二版），黄济、王策三主编，人民教育出版社，2004
3.《教育基础》（第八版），[美]奥恩斯坦、丹尼尔著，江苏教育出版社，2003
4.《教育哲学导论》（第二版），石中英著，北京师范大学出版社，2004
5. 《民主主义与教育》，[美] 约翰·杜威著，王承绪译，人民教育出版社，2001
6.《高等教育哲学》，[美]约翰？S？布鲁贝克著，王承绪等译，浙江教育出版社，2002
7.《高等教育理念》，[英] 罗纳德·巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，2012
8.《高等教育系统——学术组织的跨国研究》，[美] 伯顿？克拉克著，杭州大学出版社，1994
9.《中国大学教育发展史》，曲士培著，北京大学出版社，2006
10.《外国高等教育史》（修订版），黄福涛主编，上海教育出版社，2008
课程教学与教师发展
1. 帕尔默著（2005）《教学勇气》，上海：华东师范大学出版社。

2.徐碧美著（2003）《追求卓越——教师专业发展案例研究》北京：人民教育出版社。

3.范梅南著（2001）《教学机智--教育智慧的意蕴》，北京：教育课程出版社。

4.教育部师范教育司编（2003）《教师专业的理论与实践》（修订版）北京：人民教育出版社。

5.佐藤学著（2003）《课程与教师》，北京：教育科学出版社。

6.泰勒著（1992）《课程与教学的基本原理》，人民教育出版社。

7.舍恩著(2007)《反映的实践者》，教育科学出版社。

8.帕克、哈斯著（2004）《课程规划——当代之取向》，第7版，杭州：浙江教育出版社。

北京大学教育学院教育技术学专业考博真题解析-育明考博一、北京大学教育学院考博真题（育明考博课程资料节选）2015北京大学教育学原理考博真题一、名词解释（每题10分，共60分）1.六艺2.有教无类3.苏湖教法4.佩斯泰洛奇5.苏格拉底“自知其无知”6.蔡元培“以美育代宗教”二、简答题（每题30分，共60分）1.简述设计教学法特点2.简述你对韩愈《师说》：“师者，所以传道、授业、解惑也”的理解。

三、根据以下材料叙写一篇论文，字数2000字左右，要求逻辑清晰、立论明确。

（80分）材料是卢梭的《爱弥儿》节选（更多北大教育学院考博真题、辅导课程班信息咨询育明教育陈老师叩叩：捌玖叁、贰肆壹、二二六）育明教育针对北京大学教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

二、北京大学教育技术学专业考博专业课参考书教育技术学综合：1.巴巴拉.西尔斯，丽塔.里奇，乌美娜、刘雍潜等译，《教学技术：领域的定义和范畴》，中央广播电视大学出版社，1999年版。

2.《教育技术:定义与评析》，（美）贾纳斯泽乌斯基，莫伦达主编，程东元，王小雪，刘雍潜等译/2010-10-01/北京大学出版社3.人是如何学习的:大脑、心理、经验及学校(扩展版)[美]布兰思福特等编著,程可拉等译/2013-01-01 /华东师范大学出版社4.教学技术与媒体=Instructional technology and media for learning翻译版(美)Sharon E. Smaldino[等]著郭文革译，高等教育出版社，2008（媒体传播）5.系统化教学设计The systematic design of instruction(6th edition),W.迪克，L.凯瑞，J.凯瑞著，庞维国等译，华东师大出版社，2007（学习设计）6.社会研究方法（10th）艾尔巴比著，邱泽奇译，华夏出版社，2005育明教育考博课程部杜老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

北师大博士教育学1. 介绍北师大博士教育学是北京师范大学（以下简称北师大）开设的一个博士研究生专业，旨在培养具备高水平教育研究能力和创新精神的教育学领域专家和学者。

该专业注重理论与实践相结合，培养学生具备扎实的理论基础、广泛的知识面以及创新能力。

2. 专业设置北师大博士教育学专业设置了多个研究方向，包括但不限于以下几个方向：•教育心理与发展•教育管理与政策•教育技术与创新•教育评价与测量学生可以根据自己的兴趣和研究方向选择适合自己的方向进行深入研究。

专业设置灵活多样，旨在满足不同学生的需求。

3. 培养目标北师大博士教育学专业旨在培养具备以下能力和素质的高层次人才：3.1 系统掌握教育学理论学生应该能够系统地掌握教育学的基本理论，包括教育哲学、教育心理学、教育社会学等方面的知识。

他们应该能够将这些理论运用到实际问题中，为教育改革和发展提供科学的指导。

3.2 具备深入研究和创新能力学生应该具备深入研究和创新的能力，能够选择合适的研究方法和工具，开展具有一定创新性的研究工作。

他们应该能够提出新颖的观点和理论，并通过实证研究进行验证。

3.3 具备批判性思维和解决问题的能力学生应该具备批判性思维和解决问题的能力，能够对现有理论进行批判性评价，并提出改进意见。

他们应该能够分析和解决复杂的教育问题，并提供可行的建议。

3.4 具备良好的沟通与合作能力学生应该具备良好的沟通与合作能力，能够与他人进行有效地交流和合作。

他们应该能够参与到教育改革和发展的团队中，与其他学者共同探讨问题，并取得卓越的成果。

4. 培养方案北师大博士教育学专业的培养方案包括课程学习、科研实践和学术交流三个环节。

具体安排如下：4.1 课程学习学生需要修满一定的学分，包括必修课程和选修课程。

必修课程主要包括教育学基础理论、研究方法等方面的内容，旨在为学生提供必要的理论基础和方法论。

选修课程则根据学生的研究方向和兴趣来选择。

4.2 科研实践科研实践是博士教育的核心环节之一。

年《河北省信息技术基础课程教学大纲》，其中对各部分的操作分值比例变化如下图所示：图3考试模块由上图可以看出，理论知识、windows 基本操作的比重进一步减少（分别由35分减为25分，15分减为10分），excel2000操作比重加大（由15分增加为20分），frontpage 操作由附加题变为必做题，其它部分保持不变。

由以上变化可以看出，考试对学生的操作能力的考查进一步加大。

为此，我们在今后的教学中要更加注重学生操作能力的培养，将学生平时的操作练习纳入评测体系。

————————参考文献[1]刘爱国,楮建立,马雪松.高职高专《信息技术基础》课程教学研究[J].教育与职业,2007(2)下.[2]安建龙.基于网络的高校信息技术教学改革与实践[J].济南职业学院学报,62.[3]斯彩英,夏良耀.高职学生网络使用状况调查[J].教育与职业,2008,(4).信息窗北京师范大学教育技术学院2009年教育技术学博士生招生信息专业代码、名称研究方向博士导师考试科目备注01教育技术基本理论（含教学设计和课程开发）何克抗余胜泉曾天山刘美凤李芒①1101英语②2204教学设计③3303教育技术学与认知心理学曾天山教授的合作导师为黄荣怀教授02计算机教育应用（含网络及多媒体教育应用）何克抗衷克定余胜泉①1101英语②2203计算机科学(数据结构与程序设计)③3303教育技术学与认知心理学03远程教育陈丽张伟远①1101英语②2204教学设计③3303教育技术学与认知心理学张伟远教授的合作导师为陈丽教授04知识科学与知识工程黄荣怀崔光佐①1101英语②2203计算机科学(数据结构与程序设计)③3304人工智能05计算机支持的协作学习(CSCL)黄荣怀崔光佐①1101英语②2203计算机科学(数据结构与程序设计)③3303教育技术学与认知心理学06数字化学习技术与环境黄荣怀①1101英语②2204教学设计③3303教育技术学与认知心理学040110教育技术学07教育信息化理论与实践祝智庭刘美凤①1101英语或1103日语②2204教学设计③3303教育技术学与认知心理学祝智庭教授的合作导师为黄荣怀教授研究生院主页：http :// ，研招办信箱：yanzh@ ，咨询电话：（010）58808156122。

教育类博士研究生入学考试《教育基础知识》专业课真题精选一、基础知识类1.试述从新中国成立以来我国教育学发展的基本历程及其发展趋势。

2.教育价值论中个体论与本体论。

3.什么是现代教育？它有哪些教育基本特征？4.什么是学制？学制建立的依据有哪些？5.试述联想主义、理性主义心理学与实质教育论的关系。

6.马克思主义人的全面发展观。

7.教与学的关系。

8.什么是学制？影响学制和改革的因素是什么。

9.试析教育理论与教育实践的关系。

10.赫斯特教育理论的实践性原则。

11.对建构注意学习理论的评述。

12.学记中的教育教学思想13.提升教育质量与促动教育公平的关系。

14.学校教育对学生个体发展的影响。

15.杜威是如何看待教育与生活的关系的？介个相关理论，校次谈谈你对“教育回归生活世界”命题的理解和理解。

16.我国社会主义教育目的的基础是什么？请从历史渊源、基本观点和内涵、时代意义等方面对其作出全面论述。

17简析教育母的与教学目标的关系。

18.简述常用的教学方法的分类。

19.简述现代教学论的基本精神。

20.试论互联网对教育的影响？21.试论教育理论科学性和价值型的统一。

22.试论教育公平的社会基础。

23.试论知识观对课程改革的影响。

24.论述校长课程领导力和校长如何提升课程领导力。

25.论述教师专业的特点，教师专业发展的对策？26.论述教育质量观，如何树立科学的教育质量观？二、理论联系实际类1.当前人们普遍注重教育中的衔接问题，请针对这个问题阐述你的研究方法论。

2.结合学生的核心素养发展，谈谈你对教育功能与教育目的的二者关系。

3.联系当前课堂教学改革实际，谈谈你对“换发课堂的生命力”这句话的理解。

4.当前中小学校教师的专业发展存有的问题、原因是什么？解决的办法是什么？5.当前课业负担是什么？有效解决的方法是什么？6.你最熟悉的对国内影响的教育理论。

7.试述就近入学政策的分析与评价。

8.我国教育理论界对相关教育本质问题展开了有时代感的大讨论。

曾天山教授的合作 导师为黄荣怀教授
① ｌ【 英语 １】 ） ② ２０ ２ ４教 学设计 ③ ３ ０ ３ ３教 育技术学 与认 知心理学
０ ２计算机教育应用 （ 含网络及 多媒体教 育应用 ） ０ ３远程 教育
何克抗 衷克定 ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ余胜泉 陈丽 张伟远
ｄｉｃ ｖｅ ：ｅ ｕｃ ｔｏｎ ｌｔ ｃ ｎｏ ｏｇ Ｓ ｖ ｌ ｏａ ｓｉｓ ｉ ｅ ｎａ ｏｏ ；ｔ ｏ ｐｌｘ ｓ ｉｌｒ ａ ｉ ｓ ｉ ｉ ｔ ｅ ｌｓｉ ｏｕ ａ ｉ ｓ ｏ ｒ ｄ ａ ｉ ａ ｅ ｈ ｌ ｙ’ ａｕｅ ｌ ｄ ｉ ｔ ｎｔｒ ｌｒ ｔ ｈｅ ｃ ｍ ｅ ｏｃａ ｅｌｔｏｎ ｈｐ ｓｉｓｒ ａ ｉｔｃｆ ｎｄ ｔｏｎ； ｈ ｈ ｖｉ ｔ ｅ ｂｅ ａ ｏｒ
ｏ ｒ ｅ ｙ ｃ ｏ ｓｎ ｄ ｃ ｔ ｎ ｌ ｔｃ ｎ ｌ ｇ ｋ ｓ ｔ ｃ ｍｅ ｔｕ ．Ｔｈ ｒ ｆ ｒ ，ｒ ｇ ｌｔｎ ｔｎ ａ ｄ ｅ ｕ ａ ｉ ｎ ｌ ｔ ｃ ｎ ｌ ｇ ｐ ｌ ａｉ ｎ ｆ ｆｅ ｌ ｈ ｏ ｉ ｇ ｅ ｕ ａｉ ａ ｅ ｈ ｏ ｏ ｙ ｍａ ｅ ｉ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｏ ｅｅ ｏ ｅ ｅ ｕ ａ ｉ ｇ ｓａ ｄ ｒ ｄ ｃ ｔ ａ ｅ ｈ ｏ ｏ ｙ ａ ｐ ｉ ｔ ｏ ｃ ｏ ｂ ｈ ｖ ｏ ｎ ｅａ ｐ ｉ ａｉ ｎ ｍｅｈ ｄ ｉ ｎｅ ｓ ｎｉ ｌ ｔ ｏ ｅｅ ｕ ａｉ ｎ ｌ ｅ ｈ ｏ ｏ ｙ ａ ｄｉｓ ｕ ｔｉ ｅ ｅ ｅ ｏ ｍｅ ｔ ｅ ａ ｉ ｒ ｄ ｔ ｐ ｌ ｔｏ ｔ ｏ ａ ｓ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｄ ｔ ｔ ｄ ｃ ｏ ａ ｃ ｎ ｌ ｇ ｎ ｓ ｎ ｄ ｄ ｖ ｌ ｐ ｎ ． ａ ｈ ｃ ｓ ａ ｍｅ Ｏｈ ｔ ｔ ｔｓ ａ Ｋｅ ｗｏ ｄ ： ｕ ａｉ ｎ ｌ ｅ ｈ ｏ ｏ ｙ Ａｐ ｌ ａｉ ｎ ｆ ｕ ａ ｏ ａ ｃ ｎ ｌ ｇ ； ｈ ｃ ｄ ｙ ｒ ｓ Ｅｄ ｃ ｏ ａ ｃ ｎ ｌ ｇ ； ｐ ｉ ｔ ｓ ｔ Ｔ ｃ ｏ ｏ Ｅｄ ｃ ｔ ｎ ｌ ｉ Ｔｅ ｈ ｏ ｏ ｙ Ｅｔ ｉ ｓ Ｃｏ ｅ

北京师范大学考博英语试题及答案解析第一部分：试题Part 1 Listening Comprehension (15%)Part 11 Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially form the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.16. The word “spas” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to _________.A) sports activitiesB) places for physical exerciseC) recreation centersD) athletic training programs17. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for __________.A) the promotion of aerobic exerciseB) endurance and muscular developmentC) the improvement of women’s figuresD) better performance in aerobic dancing18. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?A) Positive.B) Indifferent.C) Negative.D) Cautious.19. People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out ________.A) how ell they could do in athleticsB) what their health condition was likeC) what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD) whether they were fit for aerobic exercise20. Recent studies have suggested that weight training __________.A) has become an essential part of people’s lifeB) may well affect the health of the traineesC) will attract more people in the days to comeD) contributes to health improvement as well2Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and othersingle-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom, However, in reality they are very differentfrom paints and today they are placed in a separate group altogether, The principal reasonfor this is that none of there possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates. They obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms, Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not madeof cellulose, as those of plants are, but of another complex sugar-like polymer called chitin the material from which the hard outer skeletons of shrimps, spiders, and insects are made. The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi andthose of plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of the growing hyphac, the threadlike cells of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells without having any effect on those of the fungus itself It is thesecellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax, or other plant material.The destructive power of fungi is impressive, They are major cause of structure damage to building timbers, a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting, Some fungi can grow at+50 oC , while others can grow at-50 oC , so even food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them, On the other hand,fung bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, this enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms In addition, lung are the sourceof marry of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin21. What does paragraph one mainly discuss?A. differences between simple and complex fungiB. functions of chlorophyll in plantsC. functions of sugar in the walls of fungal cellsD. differences between fungi and plants22. Which of the following is mentioned as a major change in how scientists approach thestudy of fungi?A. Fungi are no longer classified as plants.B. Some single-celled organisms are no longer classified as fungiC. New methods of species identification have been introducedD. Theories about the chemical composition of fungi have been revised.23. The skeletons of shrimps, spiders and insects are mentioned in paragraph one because they______.A. can be destroyed by fungiB. have unusual chemical compositionsC. contain a material found in the walls of fungal cellsD. secrete the same enzymes as the walls of fungal cells do24. Fungi have all the following characteristics EXCEPT _______.A. They grow hyphacB. They secrete enzymesC. They synthezise celluloseD. They destroy crops25. The passage mentions “penicillin”(last line) as an example of _______.A. a medicine derived from plantsB. a beneficial use of fungiC. a product of theD. a type of fungi that grows at extreme temperatures3By far the most important United States export product in the 18 th and 19th centurieswas cotton favored by the European textile over flax or wool because it was easyto process and soft to touch. Mechanization of spinning and waving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during this period and at the same timethe demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand largely because of the invention of the coition gin by Eli Whitey in 1793. Cottoncould be grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber—or lint—from the seed wasa laborious process. Sea island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because itsfibers were long and seeds were concentrated at the base of the flower, but is demandedlong growing season, available only along the nation’s casterm seacoast .Short-staplecotton required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and theirmixture with seeds meant that a worker could hand-process only about one pound per day Whitney’s gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull Cotton fibers away from seeds . Using the gin, a worker could produce up to SO percents ofLint a day The later development of larger gins powered by horses, water or streamMultiplied productivity furtherThe interaction of improved processing and high demand led to a rapid spread of thecultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American export dwarfing all others. In 1802 cotton composed 14 percent of total American exports by value Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports in that year Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States—west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.26. The main point of the passage is that the 18th and 19th centuries were a time when _________.A. the European textile industry increased its demand for American export productsB. Cotton became the most important American export productC. Cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to processD. Mechanization for spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry27. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCPPT______.A. cotton’s softnessB. cotton’s case of processingC. a shortage of flax and woolD. the growth that occurred in the textile industry28. According to the passage, one advantage of Sea island cotton was its _______.A. abundance of seedsB. adaptability to different climatesC. long growing seasonD. long fibers29. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton-production in the United States after the introduction of Whitney’s cotton gin?A. More cotton come from Sea Inland cotton plants than before.B. More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than beforeC. Most cotton produced was sold domestically.D. Most cotton produced was exported to England.30. According to the passage, the Mississippi River was ______.A. one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took placeB. a major source of water for agricultural cropsC. the primary route by which agricultural crops were transportedD. a main source of power for most agricultural machinery4Why do some new products succeed, bringing millions of dollars to innovatingCompanies, while others fail, often with great losses? The answer is not simple, and certainly we cannot say that “good”products succeed while “bad”products fail Many products that function well and seen to meet consumer needs have fallen by the wayside Sometimes, virtually identical products exist in the market at the same time with one emerging as profitable while the other fails, MeNeal Laboratories Tylenol has become successful as an aspirin substitute, yet Bristol-Meyers entered the lest market at about the same time with Neotrent, also a substitute for aspirin, which quickly failedThe nature of the product is a factor in its success of failure, but the important point is the consumer’s perception of the products need-satisfying capability, Any new product conception should be aimed at meeting a customer need, and the introductory promotion should seek to communicate that need-satisfying quality and motivate the customer to try may be soughtHere the company walks a tightrope A new product is more likely to be successful if it represents a truly novel way of solving a customer problem but this very newness, if carried too far, may ask the customer to team new behavior patterns, The customer willmake the change if the perceived benefit is sufficient but inertia is strong and customerswill often not go to the effort that is required, During the late sixties and early seventies Bristol-Meyers met with new product failures that exemplify both of these problems, In1967 and 1968 the company entered the market with a $5 million advertising campaignfor Fact toothpaste, and an $11 million campaign to prorate Resolve, Both productsfailed quickly, not because they didn’t work or because there was no construer need but apparently because consumers just could see no reason to shift from an alreadysatisfactory product to a different one that promised no new benefit.31. The first sentence of the first paragraph is a question to which the answer is ________.A. that the good products succeed while the bad failB. that the “good”are not really good but the “bad”are actually bad.C. that new products will succeed if they function well and fail if they don’tD. not given in the paragraph32. What are Tylenol and Neotrend?A. They are names of twp drug manufacturers.B. They are probably two new brands of medicine which serve as a substitute for aspirinC. Tylenol is a drug manufacturer whereas Neotrend is a new substitute medicine for aspirin.D. They are probably the names of chemists who invented the new medicine33. The success or failure of a product seems to be determined by a number of factors, one of which the author emphasizes is the customer’s perception of the product’s ______.A. quality and priceB. usefulness and durabilityC. need-satisfying capabilityD. appearance and inner packing34. What does the author mean when be says “the company walks a tightrope’(Sentence 1, paragraph 3)?A. The company has both the chance to succeed and to fail in dealing in a new productB. The company has to study customer’s behavior before a new product is introduced.C. The company has to find a new way to solve customers problems before a new product is put on the market.D. The company has to make a great effort to overcome the customer’s inertia35. Bristol-Meyers failed in promoting Fact toothpaste and Resolve because ______.A. these products were too expensive as compared with their direct competitorsB. both products failed to meet the customers’needsC. the customers could see no sense of a radical change of their habitsD. the company forgot an English saying: “You cannot teach an old dog new tricks’5With the release of The piano a powerfully emotional story set in nineteenth-centuryNew Zealand about a woman’s sexual awakening, the New Zealand –born Jane Campionbas established herself as one of the most talented female filmmakers to come upon thescene in recent years .The film not only received praiseful reviews from critics andmoviegoers but won the Cannes Film Festival’s top prize the Palme D’Ot makingCampion the first woman over to be so honored .Campion’s success is notable alsobecause she is a relative newcomer to the film world: the forty-year-old director has madejust three features (including The Piano), a television movie, and a handful of shortsdating from her student days.Although Campion’s films appear at first glance to have little in common—her first feature, Sweetie, is a very honest (some would say cruelly unfeeling) portrait of a dysfunctional family and her second, An Angel at My Table, is a sympathetic biography ofthe New Zealand novelist Janet Frame—each reflects her feeling for strong-willed, often misunderstood women who refuse, or are unable to give themselves up to their respective societies’definitions of womanhood According to David Sterritt writing in the Christian Science Monitor, The Piano “gain much of its effectiveness from Campion’s directing style, which combines the dreamlike atmosphere of her early film Sweetie with thesensitivity to feelings that made her last movie. An Angel at My Table, so extraordinary”Also contributing to the film’s success was Campion’s ability to induce fine performances from her character, ‘She directs actors differently from anyone I’ve ever known ,”SamNeil told Paul Freeman in an interview for the Chicago Tribute “I always felt that therewas a big safety net under her and that I was permitted to take as many risks as I wantedto “Genevieve Lemon, who had played the title role in Sweetie and took the supportingrole of Nessie in The Piano, agreed Campion is already at work on her next project an adaptation of Henry Jaures’s novel The Portrait of a lady.36. The passage is primarily concerned with _______.A. presenting the interrelationships between Campion’s three moviesB. commenting on Jane Campion as a filmmaker and her recent movie, The PianoC. explaining why The Plano was a successD. criticizing Jane Campion and her three movies37. According to the passage, Campion’s three movies share which of the following characteristics?A. All of them seem to be quite commonplace at first glance.B. All of them deal with stories that took place in New Zealand.C. All of them describe a woman who is rebellious against the traditional view of femaleD. Each movie minors the time when the movie was produced.38. It can be concluded that Campion is regarded as one of the most talented filmmakers in recent years because _______.A. the movie that has brought such great honor to her is just the third feature she has producedB. she is only 40 years oldC. she is the first woman who has received such honorsD. she began her movie production from her student days39. It can be inferred from the passage that Campion’s directing style of the hird movie_________.A. is a simple combination of those in her two early moviesB. contributed greatly to the success of the movieC. is much of an imitation of previous onesD. is quite creative40. The author implies that Campion is different from other filmmakers in that_______.A. she is especially good at making the actors perform to the best of their abilityB. she is quite able to assure the actors of their successC. she tends to encourage the actors to take as many risks as possibleD. she always places a big safety net under the actors when directing the movies6Speech—the act of uttering sounds to convey meaning is a kind of human actionLike any other constantly repeated action, speaking has to be learned but once it isLearned, it becomes a generally unconscious and apparently automatic process.As far as we can determine human beings do not need to be forced to speak mostBabies born to possess a sort of instinctive drive to produce speechlike noises How tospeak and what to say are another matter altogether, These actions are learned from the particular society into which the baby is born; so that, like all conduct that is learned froma society—from the people around us—speech is a pattered activity.The meandering babble and chatter of a young child are eventually channeled by imitation into a few orderly grooves that represent the pattern accepted as meaningful bythe people around him. Similarly, a child’s indiscriminate practice of putting things intohis mouth becomes limited to putting food into his mouth in a certain way.The sounds that a child can make are more varied and numerous than the sounds thatany particular language utilizes, However, a child born into a society with a pattern oflanguage is encouraged to make a small selection of sounds and to make these few sounds over and over until it is natural for him to make these sounds and no others.41. For an adult the process of speaking usually involves________.A. conscious selection of soundsB. imitation of those around himC. a drive to make noisesD. unconscious actions42. The selection says that most babies have an instinctive drive to ______.A. express ideas in wordsB. make speechliks noisesC. convey meaningD. imitate sounds around them43. Conduct that is learned from a society may be called________.A. instinctive driveB. selectionC. automatic activityD. patterned activity44. The most important factor in a child’s learning to speak probably is _____.A. repetitionB. selectionC. instinctD. imitation45. The sounds that a child is able to make are _____.A. not as varied as those used in languageB. more varied and numerous than those in any languageC. far fewer than those needed to form a languageD. completely different from the sounds of languagePart III Translation and Writing (55%)Section A Translation (40%)Translate the following into Chinese1) He was taken to the huge medieval fortress at the harbour’s mouth, He found prison life fairly endurable His cell was darup and dark, and the food was bud and insufficient; but his sister soon obtained permission to seed him all the necessaries of life from borne He was kept in solitary confinement and failed to obtain any explanation of the cause of his arrest Nevertheless the tranquil frame of mind in which he had entered the fortress did not change Not being allowed books, he spent his time in prayer and devout meditation, and waited without impatience for the further course of events.2) Industrial engineering involves the application of engineering principles and techniques of scientific management to the maintenance of a high level of productivity at optimum cost in industrial enterprises, In the 1880s F. W. Taylor considered the father ofmodem industrial engineering pioneered in the scientific measurement of work Afternumerous work studies he presented his company with a formula for obtaining maximum production, which was later applied to many manufacturing concerns, The industrial. or science, Among his responsibilities are the selection of tools and materials for productionthat are most efficient and least costly to the company. The industrial engineer may also determine the sequence of production and the design of facilities or factories.Translate the following into English:美国人以两个特殊的日子向父母表示敬意：这便是每年五月第二个星期日的母亲节和六月第三个星期日的父亲节。

北师大教育学考博试题作者: 日期:2011年比较教育学考博真题：比较教育：1•试从国际比较的角度谈教育发展中的社会参与。

2试从国际比较的角度谈高中教育发展的多样性3•试述博洛尼亚进程”及其对中国高等教育改革的启示。

4•试论比较教育研究的开放性。

教育哲学原理：1•试评述杜威教育即生活”教育思想及其当代意义。

2•试评述新自由主义思潮及其对世界教育改革的影响。

3.试分析知识论变迁对教育的影响。

4•谈谈你对现代学校制度的理解。

2011年教育学原理方向教育学A1.公#意识教育。

2.教育公平与教育效率的解释关系，及其现实意义。

3.当代知识观变革，及其对课程改革的影响。

4.分向论述。

中外教育史Al.lvan lllich《非学校化教育》评述，及其对于学校教育制度改革的意义。

2.陆王心学与程朱理学在教育观点方面的异同。

3.20世纪以来，中国文化教育变迁中的中西体用”问题。

2010年试题集比较教育1.试用比较教育理论分析“民族的就是世界的”观点。

2.试论比较教育研究中的主观性和客观性。

3.试评述全球化时代比较教育在国家和地方教育政策制定过程中的价值。

4.试分析发达国家促进基础教育均衡发展的基本经验。

教育哲学：1.试评述后现代主义教育思潮的学术贡献与局限。

2.试论教育发展中政府、学校与市场的权力关系。

3.试从进步主义及其批判的视角评析我国基础教育课程改革中出现的一些问题。

4.试分析高等教育在创新型国家建设中的作用。

教育学1•当代教育改革蕴藏的价值追求。

2•教育目的与教育制度的关系。

3•信息社会学习方式发生了哪些变化，教育理论与实践如何应对这些变化。

4•我国建国年以来教育学发展的主要历程，取得的成就，存在的问题以及以后的发展趋势。

中外教育史1•孟子和荀子人性观的主要分歧及其教育意义。

2.（暂缺）3•改革开放以来国外哪些教育思想、流派对我国的教育改革产生了影响，表现在哪些方面。

教育学（含中外教育史）：1、阐述当代教育的现代化发在趋势，并评述中国教育现代化？2、简述近代以来教育目的价值取向的主要观点？3、论述中国科举制的产生、发展和考试内容和形式等？、4、论述二战后苏联教育改革与教育理论？教育经济学1、舒尔茨人力资本理论的论证方法和信号理论的观点。

北京师范大学博士入学考试试卷Part I Reading ComprehensionSection A (50%)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a),b),c) and d).You should decide on the best choice and circle the letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.31. Money-laundering (洗钱) has been one of the world’s fastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out. Following is a simple guide to the world of money-laundering.Money-laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation. The word and practice are widely believed to have been invented by the US Mafia (黑手党). As a means of mixing the dirty cash obtained from prostitution, gambling, gun-running, blackmail and its other wicked activities, so that it came out more or less clean, the Mafia bought up and operated large numbers of Laundromats (自助洗衣点). As good cash businesses they were a good means of providing the appearance of honest cash flow.Various techniques can be employed and the means of money-laundering, but they essentially boil down to three stages. Step one: moving the money from the scene of the crime A to a remote location B, ideally in another country, preferably a bank account, if possible one that is anonymous. Step two: disguisingthe trail leading from A to B. Step three: making the cash available to the criminals, along with a plausible explanation of how ti came legally into their possession.Apart from harming the economies that it feeds off, the money-laundering industry is essential to organized crime. As the head of the UN’s crime-fighting wing Pino Arlacchi remarked, organized crime “brutalizes society and diminishes respect for the value like honesty and cooperation upon which succ essful societies are based”. Or as a senior US official said in 1999, “money-laundering may look like a polite form of white-collar crime, but it is the companion of brutality, deceit and corruption.”The liberalization of markets around the world and deregulation(解除管制) of exchange controls are regarded ad the chief causes of the rapid expansion of money-laundering over the past decade. Together they have opened up many more channels for laundering dirty money and provided more opportunities to hide its origins. UN officials believe the most important single measure in eliminating money-laundering is the ending of bank secrecy.1. We know from the passage that money-laundering .a) has almost been stamped out by the world’s financial authorities.b) has grea tly promoted the development of the world’s industries.c) only has a ten-year history but has grown rapidly.d) has expanded rapidly over the past decade.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “stamp it out” (para.1) in the first p aragraph?a) To put an end to it completely.b) To mark a sign by pressing on it.c) To announce it illegal.d) To do harm to is.3. The reason why the Mafia bought up and ran substantial Laundromats is that .a) the Mafia can carry out large numbers of illegal transactions in them.b) the Mafia has many wicked activities like prostitution and gambling in them.c) the Laundromats can give the dirty cash the appearance of legitimate income.d) the Laundromats is such a profit-making industry that it has attracted the Mafia.4. In money-laundering, money would be moved from the scene of the crime to .a) the financial authoritiesb) the circulation fields.c) Laundromats operated by the Mafia.d) anonymous bank account in another country.5. With the worldwide liberalization of markets, money-laundering has expanded rapidly by .a) deregulating the exchange controls.b) buying and operating more Laundromats.c) having more channels to launder dirty money.d) tightening the bank secrecy rules.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that wore occurring on campus.Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city.Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, thevideo coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. T elevision coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This events was triggered by the verdict (裁定) in the Rodney King beating. 32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved . Mediacoverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as is seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along?” By Saturday, television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.6. Where is the passage most likely to be from?a) Textbook of Media.b) Thesis.c) Newspaper or Magazine.d) Speech.7. The 1989 San Francisco earthquake was mentioned to show .a) how damaging the earthquake was.b) how people carried out rescue workc) the electronic media extend your consciousness and your contact.d) the viewers’ impression of total disaster.8. The term “ electronic city”( para.2) refers to .a) Los Angelesb) San Franciscoc) Berkeleyd) Earth9. The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because .a) the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney King.b) people can make their own judgments.c) video coverage from helicopters had made people angry.d) video coverage had provided powerful feedback.10. It can be inferred from the passage that .a) media coverage of events as they occur can have either good of bad results.b) most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree withthe verdict of jury.c) the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week.d) Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday. Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions(离子) in the air can have an ill effect on people’s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particle, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a large proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes of when winds such as the mistral(寒冷的西北风) are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity(静电) indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffernausea(恶心) or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes. Snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these are near the sea, close to waterfalls of fountains ,or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effort of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.33. To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic(地震的) readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.11. What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?a) They think they are insane.b) They feel rather bad-tempered.c) They become violently sick.d) They are too tired to do anything.12. According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by .a) using home-made electrical goods.b) wearing clothes made of natural materials.c) waling on artificial floor coverings.d) copying TV programs on a computer.13. A high negative ion count is likely to be found .a) near a pond with a water pump.b) close to slow flowing riverc) in some barren mountains.d) by a rotating water sprinkler.14. What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?a) Ionizers.b) Air-conditioners.c) Exhaust-fansd) Vacuum-pump15. Some scientists believe that .a) watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effectiveb) the unusual behaviors of animals can not be trustedc ) neither watching nor using seismograph is reliabled) earthquakes cannot affect any animalsPassage FourQuestions 16to 20 are based on the following passage.Joseph Weizenbaum, professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer. 34.The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complexand bending it to their will, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users. They rarely keep records of their programs for the benefit of others, and they rarely take time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be. Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps t hose hackers know something that we don’t know about the shape of things to come. “That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry,”says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former ha ckers became the founders of the highly successfulApple home computer company.”When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments. Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, has for years been studying the way computers fit into people’s lives. She points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “intelligent”, so “capable”, so “human”, affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are. She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in children’s efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.“The youngsters can form as many subtle nuances(细微差距)and textured relationships with the computers as they can with people.” Turkle points out.16. The passage tells about .a) the strange behavior of the computer hackersb) the ultimate importance of bringing up computer hackersc) different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenond) the emergence of computer hackers17. According to Prof.Weizenbaum, what led to the hackers’ strange behavior isa) their strong desire to control the computerb) their ignorance of the responsibility of a programmerc) their incompetence in making new computer programsd) their deliberate attempts to make their programs complex and impracticable18. In Prof. Dertouzos’ opinion, we know that .a) computer industry will certainly make multimillionaires of the hackersb) the hackers are likely to be very successful businessmenc) the hackers probably have better insight into the future than other peopled) only a few hackers will be successful in their later life19. The phrase“to develop an identity”(Para.4) means .a) to become distinguishedb) to seek an answerc) to build up a creative abilityd) to form a habit20. The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that .a) perhaps the hacker phenomenon is not bad at allb) though the hackers are in fact playing with the computer, there may be somebenefitsc) the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry of tomorrowd) the computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidancePassage FiveQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The value of a business increasingly lies not in physical and financial assets that are on the balance sheet, but in intangibles: brands, patents, franchises, software, research programs, ideas and expertise. Few firms try to measure returns on these assets, let alone publish information on them. Yet they are often what underlies a firm’s success. “Our primary assets, which are our software and our software-development skills, do not show up on the balance sheet at all,”says Microsoft’s boss, Bill Gates. “This is probably not very enlightening from a purely accounting point of view.”A sign that companies do not measure their assets properly may be the growing gap between their stock-market value and the book value of their assets. Between 1973 and 1993, the median ratio of market values to book values of American public companies doubles; the difference has grown with a boom in high-tech shares. The gap is biggest for companies that have most rapidly boosted spending on research and development(R&D). Even within industries, the divergence(分歧) between stock-market returns and reported earnings has increased.You might think this would present a problem for investors, who no linger have a good way of telling whether the market value of a company is soundly based. Yet investors seem to knowinstinctively that knowledge is valuable. 35. A study has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when they buy foreign subsidiaries, but it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad. Presumably investors understand that companies in knowledge-based businesses can exploit the magic of rising returns to scale. Once a pill or a software program is developed, each extra sale brings in more money at little extra cost: the bigger the market, the greater the profits.In fact, the absence of good measures may bother those who run firms more than those who invest in them. For managers, the big problem is how to judge rates of return. With building a factory, there are time-honored methods for calculating the payback. But what if you are investing in R&D or software, or deciding whether to buy better people or to train more? There aren’t tools for mak ing such decisions.21. The intangibles of a company are reflected in .a) physical and financial assetsb) stock-market valuec) the balance sheetd) the difference between the stock-market value and the book value22. What can we infer about Microsoft?a) It has no book-value assets.b) Its stock-market value equals its book value.c) There’s a great gap between its stock-market value and book value.d) Its stock-market value does not reflect the company’s real value23. Why does the share price of American multinationals rise?a) Because they buy foreign subsidiariesb) Because they invest much in intangible assets.c) Because they have low R&D spendingd) Because the investors know the methods for calculating the payback ofknowledge-based businesses24. An investor who buys stocks of a company in knowledge-based businesses baseshis decision on .a) pure speculation(投机)b) the company’s book valuec) whether the company buys foreign subsidiariesd) the prospect that its research will translate into low cost products25. The phrase “such decisions”(Para.4) refers to .a) running firms in knowledge-based businessesb) investing in firms in knowledge-based businessesc) judging rates of return on firms in knowledge-based businessesd) calculating returns on a newly-built factorySection BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 26~30, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)Life is full of dangers and surprise. Your house may burn down. You may fall out of the window and break your neck. Mice and beetles ay eat your floor so that you drop in to the flat below for an uninvited cup of tea.26. .You cannot always prevent disasters, but you can insure against them. Most forms of insurance are voluntar y-it is up to you whether you take out a policy or not. But some forms are compulsory. 27. .The “parties” to an agree ment, or contract, are the individuals or groups concerned. With third-party motor insurance, the three parties are (i) you yourself, (ii) your insurance company, and (iii) anybody else---for example, the man whose Jaguar has just smashed up your Mini. Third –party insurance does not cover fire, theft or anything else. It is intended only to protect road users from each other. 28. .Another form of compulsory insurance is National Insurance. Everybody over 16 earning money on a regular basis must pay a sum each week to the state. These weekly contributions cover part of the cost of the National Health Service and the other social service benefits, e.g. unemployment benefits, sickness benefits, old-age pensions, industrial injury benefits and so on. You must be able to prove you have paid your contributions, so you must have a card(kept by your employer unless you are self-employed) onto which stamps are stuck every week. Of course, you can take out private health insurance as well if you wish, but you must still pay your state contributions.There are, of course, many insurance companies in Britain, both large andsmall. But there is also a rather special organization called Lloyd’s, which started as a coffee-house in late 17th century. Lloyd’s is a society of around six thousand members-all of them underwriters-and is administered by a committee controlled by Act of Parliament.29. .You have to go to an insurance broker who will then contact a member of Lloyd’s for you. If you want to insure something expensive---like a fleet of Jumbo jets, forexample-your broker will probably have to contact a syndicate of underwriters because the risks would be too high for one man to cover.Lloyd’s will probably insure you against any risk at all---provided you are prepared to pay the premiums.30. .Maybe clowns insure their noses. You never know-anything may happen.A.Professional pianists sometimes insure their hands.B.Insurance on the other hand eliminates risks already in existence and , bycombining them, substitutes a small known loss(premium) contributed by each person insured.C.If you drive a car, for example, you must take out a third-party insurance policy.D.So it is not an insurance company in the normal sense, but an insurance marketand you cannot do business with it directly.E.If you want to insure against all the other terrible things that might happen to youor your car, you can take out a comprehensive policy.F.This spreading of risk protects the individual against losses that may be disastrousif he has to bear them alone.G.Anything may happen, you never know.Part II TranslationSection ADirections: Translate the following five sentences(all of which are underlined sentences in the five reading passages in Section A, Part I.) into Chinese. Remember to write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Money-laundering (洗钱) has been one of the world’sfastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out.32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved .33. To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions.34.The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users.35. A study has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when they buy foreign subsidiaries, bu it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad.Section BDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese Remember to write your translation clear on the Answer SHEET.(10%).The media help democracy when they provide more choices to more people, but they do no favors to democracy when they turn themselves from beacons(信号站) of light into heat-seeking missiles. For example, the president’s 1995 State of the Union address took more than an hour, which apparently was about a half hour more than the patience of most network commentators(commentator: person who comments) could tolerate. In their instant analysis after the speech, they allcriticized its length and “ lack of focus”. Yet judging by polls and talk shows the next day, most Americans appeared to appreciate the content of the president’s speech. T oday the media investigate less and preach mor e.......Part III WritingSection ADirections:For this section, you are asked to read the following short passage first and then to write a composition entitled “Which one Do You Think Is More Imp ortant, Pleasure Or Longevity?”. You should not copy any of the sentences in the following passage. You should write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15%) (Just for your reference)People are almost phobic(恐惧症) about having fun, increasingly viewing themselves as fragile, vulnerable, ready to develop cancer or heart disease at the slightest provocation(刺激). In the name of health, people give up many of their life enjoyments. We have no quarrel with the evidence that some pleasures, like cigarette smoking, high alcohol consumption, addictive drugs, driving much too fast, are unhealthy and should be knocked off. But worrying too much about anything including calories, salt, cancer, and cholesterol(胆固醇)---can rob your life of vitality. Living optimistically, with pleasure, zest, and commitment enriches if not lengthens life.Do you agree to the above point of view? Which one do you think is more important, pleasure or longevity（长寿）Give your own comments and write them down on the ANSWER SHEET.Section BDirections: Answer the following question with no less than 50 words. Remember to write your answer clearly on theANSWER SHEET.（5%）Who is Confucius(孔子)？（over）。