基于MATLAB的控制系统校正设计

安徽工业大学 毕业设计（论文）说明书

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······························ 摘 要

控制系统校正属于系统设计环节，通过校正可以使系统的性能得到改善，从而使系统满足期望的性能指标。

本文主要研究线性定常系统的串联校正方法，包括串联超前校正、串联滞后校正和串联滞后超前校正。本文首先回顾了系统的时域性能指标和频域性能指标以及系统的校正方式，然后分别讨论了系统校正的根轨迹法和频率特性法。针对两种方法，分别给出了控制系统超前校正、滞后校正，滞后超前校正的理论依据、适用范围、校正步骤和相应的算法流程图，并针对各个校正方法编写了相应的MATLAB仿真程序，同时利用MATLAB的图形用户界面设计功能对控制系统校正进行了可视化界面设计，为每种校正方法设计了对应的GUI界面。针对每种方法给出具体实例验证了校正方法的有效性以及算法的正确性。

关键词： 串联校正，MATLAB，根轨迹法，频率特性法，GUI

安徽工业大学 毕业设计（论文）说明书

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Abstract

Control system correction is a part of system design. With a compensator, the system

can be more precise and more stable, thus the system can meet the requirement.

This paper investigates the design of cascade compensators for linear time invariant

system, including cascade phase-lead compensators, cascade phase-lag compensators and

cascade phase lag-lead compensators. We first recall the performance indicators in time

domains and in frequency domains, and the correction methods for linear time invariant

systems. Then, we discuss the compensator design methods based on root-locus and

frequency characteristics. For the both methods, the theoretical basis and applicable range,

correct steps and the corresponding algorithm flow charts are given for phase-lead

compensator, phase-lag compensator and phase lag-lead compensator. MATLAB programs

are written for each correction methods. Visual interfaces are designed using MATLAB’s

GUI design function. Also, we give some examples to illustrate the effectiveness of our

correction methods and the correctness of our algorithms.

Key words: cascade compensator, root-locus method, frequency characteristics

method, MATLAB, GUI

安徽工业大学 毕业设计（论文）说明书

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摘 要 .................................................................. I

Abstract .............................................................. II

1 绪 论 ............................................................... 1

1.1 课题的意义及研究现状 ........................................... 1

1.1.1 MATLAB的发展及系统构成 ................................... 2

1.1.2 MATLAB的GUI设计 ......................................... 3

1.2 创新点 ......................................................... 4

1.3 论文的结构 ..................................................... 4

2 控制系统校正的方法 .................................................. 5

2.1控制系统的性能指标 .............................................. 5

2.1.1控制系统的时域指标 ........................................ 5

2.1.2控制系统的频域指标 ........................................ 6

2.1.3一阶系统的性能指标 ........................................ 7

2.1.4二阶系统的性能指标 ........................................ 8

2.2控制系统的校正方式 ............................................. 10

3 控制系统的根轨迹校正 ............................................... 12

3.1 根轨迹方法 .................................................... 12

3.2开环零极点对根轨迹的影响 ....................................... 12

3.2.1开环零点对根轨迹的影响 ................................... 12

3.2.2开环极点对根轨迹的影响 ................................... 13

3.2.3开环偶极子对根轨迹的影响 ................................. 14

3.3基于根轨迹的超前校正 ........................................... 14

3.3.1超前校正装置 ............................................. 14

3.3.2超前校正的步骤 ........................................... 15

3.3.3算法流程图 ............................................... 15

3.3.4实例仿真 ................................................. 16

3.4基于根轨迹的滞后校正 ........................................... 18

3.4.1滞后校正装置 ............................................. 18

3.4.2滞后校正的步骤 ........................................... 19

3.4.3算法流程图 ............................................... 19

3.4.4实例仿真 ................................................. 20

3.5基于根轨迹的滞后超前校正 ....................................... 22

3.5.1滞后超前校正装置 ......................................... 22

3.5.2滞后超前校正的步骤 ....................................... 23

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······························ 3.5.3算法流程图 ............................................... 24

3.5.4实例仿真 ................................................. 24

3.6本章小结 ....................................................... 26

4 控制系统校正的频率特性法 ........................................... 27

4.1系统的频率特性 ................................................. 27