ZL60轮式装载机总体设计

ZL60轮式装载机总体设计

摘要

装载机属于铲土运输机械类，是一种通过安装在前端一个完整的铲斗支承结构和连杆，随机器向前运动进行转载或挖掘，以及提升、运输和卸载的自行式履带或轮胎机械。它广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口和矿山等工程建设。装载机具有作业速度快、效率高、机动性好、操作轻便等优点，因此成为工程建设中土石方施工的主要机种之一，对于加快工程建设速度，减轻劳动强度，提高工程质量，降低工程成本都发挥着重要的作用，是现代机械化施工中不可缺少的装备之一。

近年来，随着建筑施工和资源开发规模的扩大，对工程机械需求量迅速增加，因而对其可靠性、维修性、安全性和燃油经济性也提出了更高的要求。自20世纪以来，国外工程机械进入了一个新的发展时期，在广泛应用新技术的同时，不断涌现出新结构和新产品。总体设计又是装载机设计中一个重要环节，该环节对装载机的性能起着决定性的影响，因此以ZL60轮式装载机为研究对象的总体设计是本课题内容。

关键词：轮式装载机；总体设计；总体布置；匹配；

Abstract

Shovel loader belongs to the transport machinery. It is self-propelled crawler or

tire machine by installing a full supporting structure of bucket and linkage in the

front of it, which can move forward to transship or excavate, upgrade, transport and

unload along with the machine. It is widely used in highway, railway, construct,

hydroelectric power, port, mine and other projects. Loaders have some advantages

which have high operating speed, high efficiency, good mobility, easily operation and

so on. Therefore, loader becomes one of the major machines in the earth and rock

work of engineering construction. It is one of the indispensable equipment in modern

mechanical construction which plays a important role in accelerating the construction

speed, reducing labor intensity, improving the quality of the project, and reducing the

cost of the project.

In recent years, with the enlargement of the scale of construction and resource

development, and rapid increased demand for construction machinery, higher

requirements related to machinery’ reliability, maintainability, safety and fuel

economy have also been put forward. Since the 20th century, foreign construction

machinery has entered a new period in which new technology is widely used, and at

the same time the new structures and new products are emerging constantly.Because

overall design is an important part of loader design, which plays a decisive impact on

the performance of the loader, the content of the research is overall design of ZL60

wheel loader as a study object.

Key Words: wheel loaders; overall design; general layout; matching

目录

1 绪论 ···························································································· 1

1.1国内轮式装载机发展现状及趋势 ················································· 1

1.2 轮式装载机新技术发展特点······················································· 2

1.3 论文主要研究内容 ··································································· 2

2 总体设计的原则及主要内容 ······························································ 4

2.1 工程机械设计原则 ··································································· 4

2.2 工程机械总体设计的主要内容 ··················································· 4

3 ZL60轮式装载机总体参数的确定 ······················································· 6

3.1发动机的功率 ········································································· 6

3.1.1运输工况 ········································································ 7

3.1.2插入工况 ········································································ 7

3.2自重力 ··················································································· 8

3.3掘起力 ··················································································· 9

3.4 最大驱动力xTmaP ····································································· 9

3.5铲斗后倾角及卸载角 ······························································ 10

3.6行驶速度和档位数 ································································· 10

3.7装载机作业阻力 ···································································· 10

3.7.1插入阻力Px ·································································· 10

3.7.2铲起阻力zP ·································································· 11

3.7.3转斗阻力矩M ······························································ 12

3.8铲斗的最大卸载高度Hmax与卸载距离S ······································ 12

3.9最小离地间隙minh ·································································· 12

4 ZL60轮式装载机总体设计 ······························································ 14

4.1发动机 ················································································· 14

4.2传动系各零部件结构型式的选择 ··············································· 14

4.2.1液力变矩器 ··································································· 14

4.2.2变速器 ········································································· 17

4.2.3驱动桥 ········································································· 17

4.3 转向系 ················································································ 17