Analysis of Offshore Wind Power： Application to Southern Thailand

疯狂英语 （新读写）中国海上风电累计装机容量超过3000万千瓦，连续两年位居世界第一，约占世界总量的一半。

China tops offshore wind power worldwide世界第一的中国海上风电Stephanie BaileyChina s cumulative installed capacityof offshore wind power exceeded 30 mil⁃lion kilowatts by the end of 2022, rankingfirst in the world for two consecutive years.Qin Haiyan, secretary⁃general of theChinese Wind Energy Association, said that China has capabilities of independent design, research and development, manu⁃facturing, installation, commissioning, and operation for large⁃capacity offshore wind turbines.In terms of manufacturing, key partsof wind power generators made by Chinaaccounted for more than 70 percent of the global market, covering generators,wheels, towers, and so on.For an installation perspective, inSeptember last year, China s self⁃built 2000⁃ton offshore wind power installation platform Baihetan was delivered and putinto operation, greatly enhancing the con⁃struction and installation capacity of off⁃shore wind turbines. Relying on large⁃scaledevelopment and technological progress,the economical efficiency of offshore wind power has been greatly improved.Qin Haiyan introduced that, from2010 to 2021, the cost of offshore wind power in China has dropped by nearly 56percent, adding that the average kWh cost of offshore wind power projects has dropped to about 0.33 yuan at present, andit is expected to achieve full parity by the end of the 14th Five⁃Year Plan.Offshore wind power has broad pro⁃spects. “At present, the cumulative in⁃stalled capacity of offshore wind turbinesis only more than 30 million kilowatts, andthe utilization rate is less than 1.1 percent. The future development potential is huge,”Qin Haiyan said.Reading CheckDo you know any other Chinese tech⁃nology that is the number one in the world apart from the information in the text?53。

Value Engineering0引言2020年世界海上风电新增装机容量约520万kW ，我国新增装机容量达到306万kW ，位列第一位。

截至2020年12月，我国海上风电累计装机容量约900万kW ，已超过德国成为仅次于英国的全球海上风电装机第二的国家。

我国海上风电资源丰富，且靠近东南沿海经济发达省份，就地消纳优势巨大。

海上风电是我国面向“十四五”和“2035”目标的一项重大战略性新型产业，规模化、集约化发展海上风电有助于加快我国能源转型进程，助力2030年碳达峰、2060年碳中和目标的实现。

2020年1月20日，财政部、国家发展改革委、国家能源局共同发布了《关于促进非水可再生能源发电健康发展的若干意见》，明确：新增海上风电项目不再纳入中央财政补贴范围，按规定完成核准（备案）并于2021年12月31日前全部机组完成并网的存量海上风力发电项目，按相应价格政策纳入中央财政补贴范围。

2020年12月30日，广东省能源局也初步明确了省级补贴标准：2024年起并网项目不再补贴。

2021年是我国“十四五”开局之年，在国内海上风电“抢装抢建”潮和国补取消、省补有限的情况下，回顾欧洲海上风电行业发展历程和发展趋势，总结海上风电行业发展经验和客观规律，有助于为新形势下国内海上风电高质量发展探索路径和方法。

1欧洲海上风电发展经验与启示1991年，丹麦建成世界上首个海上风电场Vindeby ，安装了11台单机容量为450kW 的风电机组。

此后直至2000年，欧洲海上风电一直处于试验示范阶段。

2001年，丹麦Middelgrunden 海上风电场建成投运，安装了20台单机容量为2MW 的风电机组。

此后直至2010年，欧洲海上风电进入规模化应用阶段，2010年欧洲海上风电累计装机容量达2946MW 。

2011年起，欧洲海上风电进入商业化发展阶段，朝着大规模、深水化、离岸化的方向发展。

随着产业和技术的成熟、开发规模的扩大，“零补贴”项目的逐渐出现，海上风电进入了良性、可持续发展阶段。

2021年天津市南开区高考英语模拟试卷（3月份）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）1.-You look so tired. Why not have a rest？-________.（）A. Because I can't afford itB. Sorry I can'tC. ThanksD. Maybe I should2.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas， wind and other forms of ______．（）A. powerB. forceC. energyD. strength3.- How much is the sweater ？- 55 dollars.（）A. worthB. costC. worthyD. paid4.- Why did you come so late for work？- I was for 20 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.（）A. held upB. put upC. taken upD. stayed up5.- It was not the best time to go there.- Yes. I your advice before I made my decision.（）A. could acceptB. should acceptC. ought to acceptD. should have accepted6.Mr Smith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea 2，000，000 dollars.（）A. atB. forC. toD. by7.The result was not the same ____ the professor had expected，____ was rather disappointing．（）A. as； whichB. which； asC. as； thatD. that； which8.- You looked anxious just now.- I John at ten, but he didn't turn up.（）A. expectedB. was expectingC. would expectD. had expected9.I like to get up early so that I can get plenty of work before lunch.（）A. to doB. doingC. doneD. being done10.They lost their way in the forest, and ________ made matters worse was that night beganto fall.（）A. itB. whichC. thatD. what11.Frank went back home, to study much harder than before.（）A. with his mind making upB. his mind making upC. with his mind made upD. his mind being made up12.- Did you watch the play on CCTV-1 last night？It was really good.- No, I didn't. ？- "Tea House."（）A. What was itB. What's onC. What was it aboutD. How about it13.Always acting in a strange way， Einstein must have _____ to people around to be mad．（）A. shownB. imaginedC. thoughtD. appeared14.The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market _____ itssuperior quality.（）A. in terms ofB. on account ofC. on behalf ofD. on top of15.Mrs．White doesn't believe that her son is able to make such great progress in Mathematics，？（）A. is heB. isn't heC. doesn't sheD. does she二、阅读理解（本大题共20小题，共50.0分）ABuckingham Palace Tour Watching the traditional changing of the guard ceremony at Buckingham Palace is a must when in London,and on this 4.5-hour you'll get to experience this event, as well as other typical British traditions. The package combines three major attractions：the changing of the guard,a tour of the State Apartments and traditional afternoon tea. The guided tour passes through St. James Park before stopping to watch the guard ceremony with soldiers dressed in traditional uniforms,followed by entry into Buckingham Palace for an audio tour. After, travelers will head to a luxury hotel for traditional afternoon tea, scones and sandwiches.Thames River Sightseeing CruiseAfternoon tea is a British tradition, and to make this casual, elegant experience even morerelaxing, you can combine it with a sightseeing cruise of London's Thames River, the main waterway that flows through the heart of the city. Board a window-lined vessel for anhour-and-a-half voyage from Tower Pier to Westminster that includes traditional tea service with pastries, scones and sandwiches. The boat will float past iconic sites like the Tower of London, Big Ben, the Houses of Parliament and the London Eye,as well as Shakespeare's famous Globe Theatre. On the return, feel free to wander the outside deck for photos and listen to informative commentary （解说）from the staff.London Royal Parks Bike TourLondon has some spectacular parks that are located among the city's most famous attractions and a guided bike tour is a fun and relaxing way to cover a lot of ground quickly and experience these lovely public spaces. The four-hour, morning or afternoon bike tour begins in Central London where bicycles and helmets are issued, followed by a leisurely ride through Westminster to the Houses of Parliament,Westminster Abbey and Big Ben with narration from the tour guide followed by busy Trafalgar Square. Next,the ride heads to all four Royal Parks：Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Green Park and St James's Park. Before returning to the start, riders can visit the Princess Diana Memorial at Kensington Palace.Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day TripIf you're interested in exploring some of the world-famous attractions outside of London, consider booking the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip. The full-day tour departs from London in an air-conditioned bus, spans about nine hours and includes three of England's architectural gems. The first stop is the Queen's official residence：Windsor Castle for audio tours and a chance to see the changing of the guard followed be free time to explore the streets of Windsor. Next up is a visit to the mysterious UNESCO site of Stonehenge, followed by a walking tour of the city of Oxford. Along the way, the guide points out historical landmarks and other attractions and provides an in-depth commentary. Food and beverages （酒水）are not included, but you can pick something up in Windsor.16.Which tour is the shortest？______A. Buckingham Palace Tour.B. Thames River Sightseeing Cruise.C. London Royal Parks Bike Tour.D. Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip.17.According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true？______A. Visitors can watch the changing of the guard with the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge andOxford Day Trip.B. A Thames River Sightseeing Cruise can take you through the center of London.C. You must have your helmet ready before joining the London Royal Parks Bike Tour.D. Buckingham Palace Tour will offer an afternoon tea in a luxury hotel.18.All the above tours are in London, except ______ .A. Buckingham Palace TourB. Thames River Sightseeing CruiseC. London Royal Parks Bike TourD. Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip19.If you choose the Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Oxford Day Trip, you may ______ .A. see three gemsB. visit the Queen's homeC. board a vesselD. visit the Princess Diana MemorialBIt is often said that a person's high school years are some of the most important they will experience, and are often seen as a critical and life-shaping time. During this period in their life people often begin to discover what is meaningful to them and how they plan to continue living their life. My volunteer experience at St. Clare's Hospital has helped me form this positive experience during my high school years；through valuable lessons I have learned life skills and have begun to shape my values and mind-set. In the course of my volunteering at the hospital I have discovered how to interact with others, learned to respect diversity, realized the importance of service, and gained perspective. When I first began volunteering, I was very nervous about meeting new people and being pushed outside of my comfort zone. I am learning to introduce myself to new volunteers, go out of my way to make patients feel welcome, and overall how to extend a hand of friendship to others. Not only does this skill apply to my personal life, but will also be extremely helpful in my academic life and the "real world."I think one of the most significant values I have gained through my experience at St. Clare's Hospital is the importance of service. Service, involves making a difference in the lives of others and contributing to the community. Each time I end my volunteer shift, I feel better and as if I have done something worthwhile. This feeling has fueled me to continue volunteering,and has now become something I see as irreplaceable. In the past I have been frustrated by my situation, and was discouraged because I felt I might not make a significant difference due to my young age. However, I am relieved of this because I feel that through the hospital volunteer program I can try to do my part and help others.I genuinely think that without my volunteer experience at St. Clare's Hospital,I may have beena different person, lacking these skills and ideals. I have matured and gained valuable skills, as well as learned important lessons about life. Many people my age do not have an experience similar to this, where they are in an environment based only upon healing and helping others, and I think they have truly missed out. I will continue on this path of service throughout my life, and I know that because of my volunteer experience I have benefited, and that these benefits will carry on as I develop and become an adult.20.According to the passage, why is a person's high school years important？______A. Because people do volunteer work during this time.B. Because it is a time to interact with others.C. Because during this period, people begin to shape their lives.D. Because it is a time to discover the meaning of volunteering.21.What is the second paragraph mainly about？______A. I realized the importance of service.B. Each time I end my volunteer job, I feel better.C. Service is something irreplaceable.D. I am relieved of frustration.22.According to the passage, which of the following statement is true？______A. During the author's high school years he formed the positive experience.B. When the author first began volunteering, he was excited to meet new people.C. The author became lacking skills and ideals after volunteering at St. Clare's Hospital.D. Many high school students are in an environment based only upon healing and helpingothers.23.What sort of person was the author before he began volunteering？______A. Hesitating.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Unconfident.24.What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage？______A. High school years are the most important period.B. He missed the experience during his high school years.C. He has benefited from his volunteer experience at St. Clare's Hospital.D. He was pushed outside of his comfort zone when working at St. Clare's Hospital.CSports fandom is about more than just entertainment. It can boost your self-esteem（自尊）and make you happier - and you don't have to root for the winning team to gain the benefits. Being a sports fan is a "very psychologically healthy activity," says Daniel Wann, professor at Murray State University whose research program centers on the psychology of sport fandom. Fandom connects us to other like-minded people, which satisfies our human need for belonging, he says.These relationships are significant：People who identify as sports fans have higher levels of self-esteem,lower levels of loneliness and tend to be more satisfied with their lives compared to those who aren't interested in sports, Wann says. Fans tend to have more access to social support, help and resources as well. Research suggests that when people have support from their communities, they have better health.Beyond bonding, fans get to enjoy the psychological benefits of winning,even if they have nothing to do with the players or games, says Stephen Reysen, associate professor at TexasA&M University-Commerce who studies identity and fandom."Individuals feel that the fan interest （in this case a sport team）is a part of them," Reysen says. "So when the team is winning, you feel like you are winning even though you are not a player." Of course, teams sometimes lose.So, why do people continue to put their faith behind teams that tend to lose？People who feel a strong psychological connection to a team are more likely to root for a team when they're having a losing season, Reysen says."Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a game," Wann says. For example,if a pizza restaurant continually got your order wrong, you'd likely switch to a more reliable one. But because being a fan is so central to people's identities, people are willing to accept defeat and continue to be loyal to a team.Being part of a fan community can also help people cope with losses. A 2019 study found that watching a football game with other fans helps to ease the negative psychological effects of losing."For fans of the losing team, sharing the pain may have protected them from losingself-esteem," Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, co-author of the study and professor of communication at The Ohio State University said in a release.25.According to the passage, why do sports fans feel happier？______A. Because they could gain the benefits from the winning team.B. Because they can share pains and happiness with people who have the commoninterests.C. Because they could have a low level of self-esteem.D. Because most of them are optimistic.26.What is the significance of the relationships between sports fans？______A. Sports fans have support from their favorite teams.B. Sports fans have higher levels of loneliness.C. Sports fans are likely more content with their lives.D. Sports fans tend to compare themselves to those who aren't interested in sports.27.According to the passage, if the team has a losing season, the sports fans may ______ .A. display their identitiesB. have a boost of self-esteemC. not support the team any moreD. have a negative psychology period28.According to the passage, what can help sports fans deal with losses of their team？______A. Being part of the team.B. Ordering a pizza in a different restaurant.C. Sharing the pain with family members.D. The loyalty to the team.29.What is the passage mainly about？______A. Sports fans have a closer relationship with other like-mined people.B. Sports fans have higher self-esteem and are more satisfied with their lives.C. Sports fans always put their faith behind their favorite teams.D. Sports fandom has nothing to do with the outcome of a game.DRenewable energy projects, including onshore and offshore wind and solar farms, have so far been subsidized （资助）by government support schemes. This has led to some to complainthat clean energy is pushing up bills.However, the most recently approved offshore wind projects will most likely operate with'negative subsidies' -- paying money back to the government. The money will go towards reducing household energy bills as the offshore wind farms start producing power in themid-2020s.This is the conclusion of an analysis by an international team led by Imperial College London researchers published today in Nature Energy.Lead researcher Dr Malte Jansen, from the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial,said："Offshore wind power will soon be so cheap to produce that it will undercut fossil-fueled power stations and may be the cheapest form of energy for the UK. Energy subsidies used to push up energy bills,but within a few years cheap renewable energy will see them brought down for the first time. This is an astonishing development."The analysis for five countries in Europe, including the UK，focused on a series of government auctions（拍卖）for offshore wind farms between February 2015 and September 2019. Companies that want to build wind farms bid in the auctions by stating the price at which they will sell the energy they produce to the government.These are known as 'contracts for difference' or CfDs. If a company's bid is higher than the wholesale electricity price on the UK market once the wind farm is up and running, then the company will receive a subsidy from the government to top up the price.However, if the stated price（规定价格）is less than the wholesale price,then the company will pay the government back the difference. This payback is then passed through to consumer's energy bills, reducing the amount that homes and businesses will pay for electricity.The winning companies said they could build new offshore wind farms for around £40 per megawatt hour（MWh）of power. This was a new record set by these wind farms with bids 30 percent lower than just two years earlier.30.What does the passage mainly talk about？______A. Offshore wind farms to be built in the UK could reduce household energy bills byproducing electricity very cheaply.B. Offshore wind farms will not be subsidized by government in the near future.C. The importance of CfDs.D. The operation of negative subsidies.31.According to Paragraph 2，offshore wind farms ______ .A. will stop producing power in the mid-2020sB. are paying money back to the governmentC. will help reduce household energy billsD. will all operate with 'negative subsidies'32.The underlined words "top up" in Paragraph 6 probably mean ______ .A. make upB. take upC. coverD. fill up33.What can be inferred from the passage？______A. The renewable energy projects will lead to some to complain that clean energy ispushing up bills.B. The company whose bid is less than the wholesale electricity price will receive asubsidy.C. The stated electricity price is now higher than the wholesale electricity price.D. Fossil-fueled power will be soon produced cheaply.34.What is the author's attitude towards the offshore wind farms？______A. Curious.B. Pessimistic.C. Indifferent.D. Optimistic.35.Where does this text probably come from？______A. A science fiction.B. A financial magazine.C. An advertisement.D. A science report.三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）It was early morning. Peter Corbett helped Mark Wellman out of his（1）______ and onto the ground. They（2）______ before El Capitan,a huge mass of（3）______ almost three-quarters of a mile high in California's beautiful Yosemite Valley. It had been Mark's dream to climb El Capitan for as（4）______ as he could remember.（5）______ how could a person without the use of his legs hope to try to climb it？Mark knew he couldn't finish the climb alone,but his friend Peter,an expert rock climber,would be there to（6）______ a helping hand. He and Mark thought that it would take seven days to reach the top.Peter climbed about 100 feet up and（7）______ a piton（岩钉）into the rock. Fastening one end of a 165-foot rope to the piton, he let one end of the rope（8）______ . Mark caught the rope and fastened it to his（9）______ with a special instrument. This instrument would（10）______ Mark to move upward,but would （11）______ him from falling even as much as a single inch. He next reached（12）______ his head and fastened a T-shaped bar to the rope,using the same kind of instrument.Seven years before,at the age of twenty-one,he had fallen while mountain climbing,injuring his backbone. The fall（13）______ him the use of his legs,but he never lost his love of adventure or his joyful（14）______ .For the first four days the two men（15）______ steadily upward without incident. But on the fifth day an unbearably hot wind began to blow, and as time went by, it became stronger and stronger, causing Mark to sway （16）______ on his rope. But Mark kept on determinedly pushing up the T-bar and pulling himself up.（17）______ that, he had to admit that he felt a lot better when the wind finally died down and his body touched（18）______ rock again. It took them one day more than they had expected, but on July 26 at 1：45 in the afternoon, the crowd of people waiting on the top went （19）______ with joy as the two heads appeared. Mark Wellman had shown that if you（20）______ your heart and mind on a goal, no wall is too high, no dream impossible.36. A. bed B. car C. wheelchair D. house37. A. stood B. removed C. touched D. rose38. A. grass B. dirt C. tree D. rock39. A. young B. long C. old D. short40. A. Or B. While C. But D. Although41. A. lend B. reach C. show D. have42. A. hammered B. shot C. placed D. stuck43. A. rise up B. fall down C. stand up D. fall behind44. A. neck B. helmet C. belt D. fist45. A. let B. have C. make D. allow46. A. permit B. prevent C. forbid D. accelerate47. A. behind B. below C. above D. beside48. A. cost B. lost C. missed D. enhanced49. A. spirit B. occasion C. thought D. will50. A. progressed B. hung C. extended D. intended51. A. gently B. firmly C. barely D. violently52. A. Owing to B. In spite of C. In order to D. By reason of53. A. soft B. solid C. concrete D. distinct54. A. pale B. wild C. blank D. easy55. A. put B. devote C. set D. sacrifice四、阅读表达（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）56.Henry Ford, one of the few men that made mainstream automobiles a reality. He was borninto a family of farmers who originated from England and Ireland. Not the wealthiest of families, but not poverty-stricken either.In his teenage years, his father had given him a timepiece which he later took to pieces just to see if he could piece it together again successfully, which he did. He then did the same with other people's timepieces and eventually he repaired them too. Henry was also a sufferer of Dyslexia（阅读困难者），and although this was a hurdle it was not a reason to give up.He completed an apprenticeship（学徒期）with James F. Flower & Bros,and also with the Detroit Dry Dock Company. In 1891 he met with Thomas Edison, who liked his concept of an auto-mobile, so he allowed him to use his warehouses to manufacture two vehicles.Ford was grateful but later built his own company so he could build the cars on his own terms backed by William H. Murphy and in 1899 he founded the Detroit Automobile Company.This was short lived, however, as the vehicles produced lacked the quality and precision.And they were horribly expensive. The business went under, but it didn't stop him. Ford went on to build the Cadillac Automobile company.After almost failing a second time because of lack of sales and high debts, more partners came into the business and the name was changed to the Ford Motor Company. The Ford Motor Company generated around 156 billion U.S. dollars in revenue （税收）in 2019. Why did the author mention the timepiece？（no more than 10 words）______What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean？（no more than 3 words）______ Who helped Henry Ford before he founded the Detroit Automobile Company？（no more than 6 words）______What is the main idea of Paragraph 4？（no more than 15 words）______What do you think of Henry Ford？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）______五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）57.假设你是晨光中学李津。

小学上册英语第一单元全练全测(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Galaxies can collide and merge with ______.2.The scientific study of matter and its changes is called _______.3.What is the name of the famous mountain range in Europe?A. RockiesB. HimalayasC. AlpsD. Andes4.An endothermic reaction requires _____ from its surroundings.5.What do we call a shape with four equal sides?A. RectangleB. SquareC. TriangleD. Pentagon答案:B6.His favorite sport is ________.7.I like to help my dad in the ____.8.The _______ of an object can affect its movement.9.My teacher helps me with ____.10.Which of these colors is made by mixing blue and yellow?A. RedB. GreenC. PurpleD. Orange答案:B11. A _____ (植物网络) can connect enthusiasts globally.12.An ecosystem includes living and non-living ______.13.I enjoy playing with my ______ (玩具车) in the living room. It goes ______ (快).14. A pendulum swings back and ______ (forth).15.Which language is spoken in Brazil?A. SpanishB. PortugueseC. FrenchD. Italian答案:B16.The garden is ________ (美丽).17.中国的________ (legends) 经常包含神话与历史交织的故事。

2021年新高考押题卷（二）英语试卷原卷版考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分第一部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ASevenhugs HugOneDo you want to improve the quality of your sleep? Sevenhugs has created HugOne that tracks different sleep patterns to help families consistently rest better. There are dozens of devices and tools devoted to monitoring the sleep. But, HugOne is the world’s first family smart home sleep system, which integrates a calculation rule for sleep patterns of children and adults.HugOne is a well-designed product, full of a sense of science and technology. It connects to a number of smaller sensors called “minihugs”, which are placed on the edge of each bed. They monitor the sleep patterns and other data coming from the person sleeping in that bed. The data are then sent to an app on the smartphone.● The benefits of HugOne include:* Having a smart alarm clock on the app as HugOne learns your sleep cycle and automatically sets and sounds to when the best moment in your sleep cycle is identified.* Monitoring temperature and humidity in your bedroom as well as indoor air quality for the main living space.* Linking with smart lamps and thermostats, allowing users to fall asleep with sunset light and preferred nighttime temperatures, and wake up to sunrise light and preferred daytime temperatures.* Ensuring safety from electronic transmissions when you sleep-when the minihug senses a presence in bed, it shuts off its electronic transmissions and starts recording sleep data and sending them to the app.● The following are selected from customers’ comments:I prefer HugOne, since it’s convenient to use. I simply place the minihug in the corner of mybed under the sheet and it goes to work monitoring my sleep cycle. It’s really good.—Robert Compton● HugOne available for purchase includes:I think HugOne is a humanized product. It’s shareable, and I’ve connected eight minihugs to the HugOne base in my house. All my family members think highly of it.—Chris Hanawalt HugOne will provide maximum protection for your sleep. If you want to get more detailed information, please call the sellers at 1-800-576-1899 or visit .Style: Sleep Tracking System ＋2 Sleep SensorsColour: Blue ＋Rose1．How does HugOne effectively work?A．It controls sleep patterns automatically.B．It creates smart systems for a better sleep. C．It collects sleep data through the minihugs.D．It makes a calculation of the data sensors need.2．According to the passage, HugOne can ______.A．adjust temperature, humidity and air quality in bedroomsB．update the sleep cycles by aid of an alarm clock on the appC．record sleep data when there are electronic transmissions in bedD．help users fall asleep and wake up naturally with preferred temperatures3．The passage is made more believable by ______.A．providing statistics B．drawing a comparisonC．giving a demonstration D．using recommendationsBOur suits have four layers: thermal underwear on the inside, followed by an electrically heated bodysuit, a thick wool coat, and a half-inch-thick layer of rubber outerwear. There're two layers of hoods, waterproof gloves and 35 pounds of weights. There are two batteries for the heated bodysuit, a backup gas container, and finally, my photography equipment. We look like astronauts minus the helmets.When we finally dive into the freezing water, we're wearing 200 pounds each. The coldquickly numbs the few square inches of exposed skin on our cheeks, and as the dive goes on, it spreads into our suits and gloves, biting even harder. It’ s almost unbearable. Toward the end, as we're pausing on our way up to let the pressure drop, we search for anything to distract us from the pain. When we finally drag ourselves out of the freezing ocean, I lie face down on the ice, my brain dulled, my skin hard and wrinkled, my lips, hands, and feet swollen and unconscious—then, as my body warms and the blood starts to flow (again), the intense pain is at its worst.What could possibly make this worthwhile? The sight! Only a few species of seals, penguins, and other birds live in East Antarctica, and no land mammals at all. Below, it’s a rich garden. Antarctic marine life has been largely isolated from the rest of the planet for millions of years, ever since the continent separated from the other continents and froze over. Since then the powerful Antarctic Circumpolar Current has surrounded Antarctica from west to east, creating a sharp change in temperature that prevents the spread of marine animals. The long isolation has allowed a surprising diversity of species, unique to the region, to evolve on the seafloor.The waters under Antarctic ice are like Mount Qomolangma: magical, but extremely unfriendly. Nothing short of full commitment gets you anywhere. The demand is too great. But that's what makes the images you see here so breathtaking, and the experience of having photographed them and of having seen this place so unforgettable.4．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 1?A．How fully prepared the divers are.B．How entertaining a diver appears to be. C．How advanced modern technologies are.D．How heavy the astronauts' equipment is. 5．The divers suffer the greatest pain when they ______.A．dive into the water B．begin to resurfaceC．reach the deepest spot D．regain consciousness6．What do we know about marine species in Antarctica?A．They can be found elsewhere on the planet.B．They have unimpressive biological diversity. C．They experience sharp changes in temperature.D．They live relatively independently geographically.7．What makes the diving experience in Antarctica so worthwhile?A．The amazing scenery and pictures taken.B．The divers' devotion to the tough task. C．The long-standing reputation of Antarctica.D．The challenging circumstances of the diving.CAlthough we're surrounded by millions of bricks every day, most of us don't think about them too often. For thousands of years, the humble clay-fired bricks haven't changed.They're made from natural materials, but there are problems with bricks at every step of their production. Bricks are made from clay—a type of soil found all over the world. Clay mining is harmful to plant growth. In conventional brick production, the clay is shaped and baked inkilns(窑) mostly heated by fossil fuels, which contributes to climate change. Once made, bricks must be transported to construction sites, generating more carbon emissions. With so many bricks produced globally, their impact adds up.Gabriela Medero, a professor at Scotland's Heriot-Watt University, decided to find solutions to that. With her university's support, Medero set up Kenoteq in 2009. The company's signature product is the K-Briq. Made from more than 90% construction waste, Medero says the K-Briq—which does not need to be fired in a kiln—produces less than a tenth of the carbon emissions of conventional bricks. With the company testing new machinery to start scaling up production, Medero hopes her bricks will help to build a more sustainable world.The K-Briq will be comparably priced to conventional bricks. Additionally, as a new product, the K-Briq has been subjected to strict assessment and authoritative certification. Reusing old bricks is an expensive process and there is no standardized way to check the strength, safety or durability (耐久性) of recycled bricks. Medero says that K-Briq could solve both these problems. She claims that K-Briq is stronger and more durable than fired clay bricks.Over the next 18 months, Medero plans to get K-Briq machines on-site at recycling plants. "This will reduce transport-related emissions because trucks can collect K-Briq when they drop off construction waste," says Medero.8．What inspired Medero to invent the K-Briq?A．The poor quality of the conventional bricks.B．The outdated style of the conventional bricks.C．The high cost of manufacturing conventional bricks.D．The problems with the conventional brick production.9．Why is the K-Briq production sustainable?A．It won't produce waste.B．It brings no pollution to the air.C．The plants occupy much less land than before.D．The K-Briq is mainly made from construction waste.10．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A．The popularity of the K-Briq.B．The advantages of K-Briq over traditional bricks.C．The special materials used in K-Briq.D．The advanced technology used for K-Briq.11．Why does Medero decide to put K-Briq machines at recycling factories?A．To ensure fewer emissions.B．To speed up the production.C．To lower the production cost.D．To collect more construction waste.DRenewable energy projects, including onshore and offshore wind and solar farms, have so far been subsidized (资助) by government support schemes. This has led to some to complain that clean energy is pushing up bills.However, the most recently approved offshore wind projects will most likely operate with‘negative subsidies’ — paying money back to the government. The money will go towards reducing household energy bills as the offshore wind farms start producing power in the mid-2020s.This is the conclusion of an analysis by an international team led by Imperial College London researchers published today in Nature Energy.Lead researcher Dr Malte Jansen, from the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial, said: “Offshore wind power will soon be so cheap to produce that it will undercut fossil-fueled power stations and may be the cheapest form of energy for the UK. Energy subsidies used to push up energy bills, but within a few years cheap renewable energy will see them brought down for the first time. This is an astonishing development.”The analysis for five countries in Europe, including the UK, focused on a series of government auctions (拍卖) for offshore wind farms between February 2015 and September 2019. Companies that want to build wind farms bid in the auctions by stating the price at which they will sell the energy they produce to the government.These are known as ‘contracts for difference’ or CfDs. If a company’s bid is higher than the wholesale electricity price on the UK market once the wind farm is up and running, then the company will receive a subsidy from the government to top up the price.However, if the stated price (规定价格) is less than the wholesale price, then the company will pay the government back the difference. This payback is then passed through to consumer’s energy bills, reducing the amount that homes and businesses will pay for electricity.The winning companies said they could build new offshore wind farms for around £40 per megawatt hour (MWh) of power. This was a new record set by these wind farms with bids 30 percent lower than just two years earlier.12．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．Offshore wind farms to be built in the UK could reduce household energy bills by producing electricity very cheaply.B．Offshore wind farms will not be subsidized by government in the near future.C．The importance of CfDs.D．The operation of negative subsidies.13．According to Paragraph 2, offshore wind farms ________.A．will stop producing power in the mid-2020sB．are paying money back to the governmentC．will help reduce household energy billsD．will all operate with ‘negative subsidies’14．The underlined words “top up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean ________.A．make upB．take upC．coverD．fill up15．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The renewable energy projects will lead to some to complain that clean energy is pushing up bills.B．The company whose bid is less than the wholesale electricity price will receive a subsidy. C．The stated electricity price is now higher than the wholesale electricity price.D．Fossil-fueled power will be soon produced cheaply.第二节(共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

海上风电工程指南标准规范英文回答：Wind power is a rapidly growing source of renewable energy, and offshore wind farms have become increasingly popular due to their potential for higher wind speeds and larger turbine capacities. As a result, there has been a growing need for guidelines and standards to ensure thesafe and efficient development and operation of offshore wind projects.One important guideline for offshore wind projects is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400 series. This series of standards covers various aspects of wind turbines, including design, testing, and certification. It provides a framework for ensuring the reliability and performance of wind turbines in offshore environments. For example, IEC 61400-3 provides guidelines for the design and analysis of wind turbines, taking into account factors such as wind conditions, wave loads, and soil conditions.In addition to the IEC standards, there are also specific guidelines and standards that focus on the unique challenges of offshore wind projects. For example, the Carbon Trust's Offshore Wind Accelerator (OWA) program has developed a set of guidelines for the design andinstallation of offshore wind foundations. These guidelines take into account factors such as seabed conditions, water depth, and turbine size to ensure the safe and cost-effective installation of foundations.Furthermore, there are guidelines that address the environmental impact of offshore wind projects. The Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) in the UK, for instance, has developed guidelines for the assessment and monitoring of the potential impacts of offshore wind farms on marine wildlife. These guidelines help developers and operators minimize the negative effects on marine ecosystems and ensure compliance with environmental regulations.中文回答：海上风电是一种快速增长的可再生能源，由于其具有更高的风速和更大的风机容量的潜力，海上风电场变得越来越受欢迎。

第52卷第2期电力系统保护与控制Vol.52 No.2 2024年1月16日Power System Protection and Control Jan. 16, 2024 DOI: 10.19783/ki.pspc.230598一种适用于深远海全直流风电汇集网络的保护方法丁华星1，邹贵彬1，王凤莲1，丁 宁2(1.山东大学，山东 济南 250061；2.国网山东超高压公司，山东 济南 250000)摘要：随着海上风电向深远海发展，全直流型风电场由于不存在过电压问题等优点逐渐受到重视。

针对全直流海上风电场的汇集线路继电保护问题，首先分析了直流汇集网络在不同故障类型及不同故障位置下的故障特征，计算对应故障情况下的故障电流，并与仿真值进行对比验证。

根据故障特征提出一种利用汇集侧暂态电流变化率的单端量故障选线方案，利用区内外故障的故障暂态电流变化率极性和幅值差异，可在换流器过流闭锁前快速识别故障类型、故障线路及极性。

通过在母线处设置附加选线流程，使线路末端高阻接地故障时也能准确选线。

在PSCAD/EMTDC平台中搭建了全直流海上风电场模型，进行多种故障场景下的仿真分析，验证了所提故障选线方法的有效性。

关键词：直流海上风电场；直流汇集网络；故障分析；暂态电流变化率；故障选线A fault protection method of a DC collection network for an all-DC offshore wind farmDING Huaxing1, ZOU Guibin1, WANG Fenglian1, DING Ning2(1.Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; 2.State Grid Shandong Electric Extrahigh V oltage Company, Jinan 250000, China)Abstract: With the development of offshore wind farms to the deep sea, the all-DC wind farm is gradually coming into serious consideration because of its advantages such as no overvoltage problem. For relay protection for collection lines in an all-DC offshore wind farm, this paper first analyzes the fault characteristics with different fault types and location in the DC collection network. The corresponding fault currents are calculated and compared with the simulation values. A single-ended fault line selection method is proposed using the rate of change of transient current (ROCOTC) at the collection bus side, where the difference of the polarity and amplitude of the ROCOTC are used to identify fault type, line and polarity before overcurrent blocking of the converters. By setting an additional line selection process at the bus, even the fault line with a fault point at the end of the line and high grounding resistance can be accurately identified. A DC offshore wind farm simulation is built in PSCAD/EMTDC. A variety of simulation analyses of different fault scenarios is delivered, demonstrating the validity of the proposed fault line selection method.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52077124).Key words: DC offshore wind farm; DC collection network; fault analysis; rate of change of transient current; fault line selection0 引言近年来，能源问题日益凸显，风能、光伏等新能源发展迅速，海上风电作为风能发展的重要方向，受到更多关注。

Crazy English 2023.6同源高考While we may all have seen wind farms on grassy fields,the most likely place for wind farms to really come into their full efficiency is out to sea.Offshore wind farms are becoming more common,and many experts predict they are the future of wind power.The reason for this is simple:Offshore,the wind is more powerful as it is not blocked by surface objects.Particularly in deep water,the resistance on the surface of the water is minimal,and the wind can be extremely powerful.This was,of course,once used by sailing ships before the days of the engine,and this wind power is now finding a newpurpose.主题语境：绿色能源篇幅：282词建议用时：6分钟风力发电是世界上发展最快的绿色能源技术。

而海上丰富的风资源和当今技术的可行性，使海洋成为下一个迅速发展的风电市场。

Offshore wind farm:Advantages and opportunities海上风电，前景无限河南刘同功34同源高考Offshore wind farms are built,as the name would suggest,in the sea.Offshore wind farms turbines（涡轮机）that look exactly the same as the onshore ones are fixed in the sea bed,and rise above the water line,with their blades(扇叶)in the open air catching the powerful winds.The energy generated is then transported back to shore using undersea pipes.It is a simple case of more wind,more power generated.These offshore wind farms are more expensive to construct than typical onshore wind farms,as they involve placing the base of the turbine in the sea bed.This initial cost and workload is,however,rewarded by increased efficiency.The job is also made easier by offshore wind farms being built on areas of ocean that have naturally raised sections of the sea bed.Offshore wind farms also solve the associated humanist issues with turbines—such as noise levels,shadow flight and aesthetic(审美的)issues—and increase electricity produc⁃tion.Once more,man turns to the sea for further exploration.ReadingCheck1.What is the topic of the text?A.The design of offshore wind farms.B.The popularity of offshore wind farms.C.The advantages of offshore wind farms.D.The need to build more offshore wind farms.2.What is the advantage of an offshore wind farm over its onshore counterpart?A.Higher efficiency.B.Cleaner energy.C.Lower noise levels.D.Lower building costs.3.Where are offshore wind farms mostly built?A.On the lower parts of the sea bed.B.On the higher parts of the sea bed.C.In the deep water near the land.D.In the deep water far from the land.35疯狂英语（新策略）同源高考4.Why is it more costly to build an offshore wind farm?A.Because it needs to transport the blades.B.Because it needs to fix the turbine in the sea bed.C.Because it needs to lay the undersea pipes.D.Because it needs to locate a place for the wind farm.LanguageStudyⅠ.Difficult sentence in the textThese offshore wind farms are more expensive to construct than typical onshore wind farms,as they involve placing the base of the turbine in the sea bed.这些海上风电场的建造成本高于典型的陆上风电场，因为它们涉及将涡轮机的底座安置在海床中。

2024年6月英语四级考试试卷一、写作（15%）题目： The Importance of Lifelong Learning。

要求：1. 阐述终身学习的重要性；2. 给出如何进行终身学习的建议；3. 字数不少于120字。

二、听力理解（35%）Section A（7.1%）Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).News Report 1.1. A) A new scientific discovery.B) A major earthquake.C) A new government policy.D) A large - scale cultural event.Question 1: What is the news report mainly about?Question 2: How will it affect the local area?News Report 2.2. A) To promote international trade.B) To improve environmental protection.C) To enhance cultural exchange.D) To develop new technologies.Question 1: What is the purpose of the new initiative?Question 2: Which countries are expected to participate?News Report 3.3. A) A famous athlete's retirement.B) A sports event's new record.C) A sports team's reorganization.D) A sports facility's opening.Question 1: What is the main topic of this news?Question 2: What are the expectations for the future?Section B（14.2%）Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Conversation 1.1. A) Discussing a study plan.B) Planning a vacation.C) Talking about a job interview.D) Arranging a party.Question 1: What are the two speakers mainly doing?Question 2: What is the man's opinion about the first option? Question 3: What does the woman suggest?Question 4: When will they make a final decision? Conversation 2.2. A) A new movie.B) A best - selling book.C) A popular music concert.D) An art exhibition.Question 1: What are they talking about?Question 2: What does the man like about it?Question 3: What is the woman's attitude towards it? Question 4: Are they going to experience it together?Section C（14.2%）Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage 1.1. A) The history of a city.B) The development of a technology.C) The origin of a custom.D) The growth of a plant.Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?Question 2: What are the key factors in its development?Question 3: How has it influenced people's lives?Passage 2.2. A) Different types of diets.B) Ways to keep healthy.C) The importance of exercise.D) Common health problems.Question 1: What is the general topic of this passage?Question 2: Which method is most recommended?Question 3: What should people avoid?Passage 3.3. A) A famous historical figure.B) An important historical event.C) A unique cultural heritage.D) A remarkable architectural wonder.Question 1: What does the passage focus on?Question 2: What are its special features?Question 3: How can people preserve it?三、阅读理解（35%）Section A（10%）Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Youare required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Passage.The Internet has changed the way we communicate, work, and learn. Ithas brought great convenience to our lives. However, it also has some _(1)_ problems. One of the major issues is the spread of false information. With the click of a mouse, false news can be _(2)_ all over the world in seconds. This can cause panic, mislead the public, and even _(3)_ social stability. Another problem is the invasion of privacy. Many websites collect users' personal information without their _(4)_, and sometimes this information is sold to other companies for profit. In addition, the Internet can also be aplatform for cyberbullying, which can have a _(5)_ impact on the mental health of victims.Word Bank:A) negative.B) positive.C) widespread.D) consent.E) undermine.F) promote.G) restricted.H) transmitted.I) serious.J) minor.Section B（10%）Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage.The Benefits of Reading Aloud.(A) Reading aloud has been a traditional way of learning for a long time. It not only helps with pronunciation but also improves memory. When we read aloud, we engage more of our senses. We see the words, hear our own voices, and feel the rhythm of the language. This multi - sensory experience can enhance our understanding and retention of the text.(B) For children, reading aloud is especially beneficial. It can stimulate their interest in reading. When parents or teachers read aloud to children, they can use different voices and intonations to bring the story to life. This can make the reading experience more enjoyable and exciting for children, thus encouraging them to explore more books on their own.(C) Reading aloud can also be a form of self - expression. It allows us to convey our emotions and thoughts more vividly. Whether it is a poem, a speech, or a passage from a novel, reading it aloud gives us the opportunity to add our own interpretation and personality to the words.(D) In a group setting, reading aloud can promote communication and cooperation. For example, in a classroom, students can take turns reading parts of a text. This can help them learn from each other, share different perspectives, and build a sense of community.(E) Another advantage of reading aloud is that it can improve ourpublic speaking skills. By practicing reading aloud regularly, we can become more confident in speaking in front of others. We can learn to control our voice, pace, and intonation, which are all important elements of effective public speaking.Statements:1. Reading aloud helps with pronunciation and memory.2. Reading aloud can make reading more interesting for children.3. Reading aloud is a way to express oneself vividly.4. Reading aloud in a group can enhance communication.5. Reading aloud can help improve public speaking skills.Section C（15%）Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1.The Impact of Social Media on Youth.Social media has become an integral part of the lives of today's youth. It offers a platform for them to connect with friends, share their experiences, and express their opinions. However, it also has a number of negative impacts.One of the concerns is the excessive time that youth spend on social media. Many young people are addicted to scrolling through their social media feeds, which can lead to a decrease in their productivity. They may neglect their studies, hobbies, or real - life social interactions.Another issue is the negative influence on self - esteem. Social media often presents an idealized version of life. Youth may compare themselves to others and feel inadequate when they see the seemingly perfect lives of their peers on social media. This can lead to feelings of low self - worth and even depression.Moreover, the spread of false information on social media can mislead youth. They may believe in untrue news or rumors without verifying the sources, which can have a negative impact on their decision - making abilities.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A) The positive aspects of social media for youth.B) The negative impacts of social media on youth.C) How youth can make the best use of social media.D) The popularity of social media among youth.2. Why are youth addicted to social media according to the passage?A) Because it helps them with their studies.B) Because it offers a lot of useful information.C) Because they can connect with friends and share experiences.D) Because they want to improve their self - esteem.3. How can social media affect youth's self - esteem?A) By providing real - life examples.B) By presenting an idealized version of life.C) By offering positive feedback.D) By promoting real - life social interactions.4. What is the consequence of believing in false information on social media?A) An increase in productivity.B) A positive impact on decision - making abilities.C) A negative impact on decision - making abilities.D) An improvement in self - esteem.Passage 2.The Future of Renewable Energy.Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power are becoming increasingly important in the global energy mix. The development of these energy sources is driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change.Solar power has seen significant growth in recent years. The cost of solar panels has decreased, making it more accessible for households and businesses. With the improvement of technology, the efficiency of solar power generation has also increased.Wind power is another major renewable energy source. Large - scale wind farms are being built around the world. The development of offshore wind farms is also on the rise, as they can generate a large amount ofelectricity with less impact on the land environment.Hydro power has a long history of use. However, the construction of new hydro power plants needs to consider environmental and social impacts more carefully.Despite the progress made in renewable energy, there are still some challenges. For example, the intermittency of solar and wind power requiresthe development of energy storage technologies. The initial investment in renewable energy projects can also be high.1. What is the main driving force behind the development of renewable energy?A) To increase energy consumption.B) To reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change.C) To make energy more expensive.D) To promote economic development.2. What has made solar power more accessible?A) The increase in its efficiency.B) The decrease in the cost of solar panels.C) The improvement of technology.D) The construction of large - scale solar farms.3. Why is the development of offshore wind farms on the rise?A) Because they are cheaper to build.B) Because they can generate more electricity.C) Because they have less impact on the land environment.D) Because they are easier to manage.4. What are the challenges in the development of renewable energy?A) The high cost of energy storage technologies.B) The intermittency of solar and wind power and high initial investment.C) The lack of government support.D) The competition from traditional energy sources.四、翻译（15%）题目：中国的城市化（urbanization）将会充分释放潜在内需（domestic demand）。

引用格式：刘飞虹, 吴迪, 苗得胜, 等. 海上风电场激光雷达尾流测试分析[J]. 中国测试，2023, 49(4): 33-39. LIU Feihong, WU Di,MIAO Desheng, et al. Wake measurement and analysis of offshore wind farm based on scanning lidar[J]. China Measurement & Test,2023, 49(4): 33-39. DOI: 10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2021070074海上风电场激光雷达尾流测试分析刘飞虹， 吴 迪， 苗得胜， 刘清媛， 陈宝康(明阳智慧能源集团股份公司，广东 中山 528437)摘　要: 针对海上风电场中尾流风速衰减恢复缓慢、影响范围远的特点，为解决目前海上风电场前期规划设计中的机位排布和后期运行优化阶段无法客观评估真实尾流影响大小及范围的问题，设计海上风电场激光雷达尾流测试结合尾流模型对比验证实验。

将扫描式激光雷达布放在海上风电机组塔筒基础平台上，采用PPI 探测模式获得风电机组尾流数据，根据激光雷达不同俯仰角的PPI 扫描数据特点进行尾流模型数据匹配提取和对比分析，实现多模型、不同高度层的数据对比验证和研究分析。

结果表明海上风电机组尾流水平风速衰减呈高斯分布，不同高度层和来流风况条件下Park-Gauss 模型对尾流风速的预测与实测数据吻合度均较高，对尾流边界的定位准确可靠，可作为大型海上风电场机位排布优化及尾流控制分析的参考尾流模型。

关键词: 海上风电场; 尾流模型; 扫描式激光雷达; PPI 探测模式中图分类号: TB9;TN958;P413文献标志码: A文章编号: 1674–5124(2023)04–0033–07Wake measurement and analysis of offshore wind farm based on scanning lidarLIU Feihong, WU Di, MIAO Desheng, LIU Qingyuan, CHEN Baokang (Mingyang Smart Energy Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528437, China)Abstract : In view of the characteristics of slow attenuation and recovery of wake wind speed and long influence range in offshore wind farms, the lidar wake test of offshore wind farm is designed, combined with the comparative verification experiment of wake model to solve the problem that it is impossible to objectively evaluate the size and scope of the real wake impact in the early stage planning and design of offshore wind farms and in the later stage of operation optimization. The scanning lidar is arranged on the tower foundation platform of offshore wind turbine, and the PPI detection mode is used to obtain the wake data of wind bined with the characteristics of PPI scanning data of lidar at different pitch angles, the wake model data matching, extraction and comparative analysis are carried out to realize the data comparison, verification,research and analysis of multiple models and different altitudes. The results show that the horizontal wind speed of the wake of offshore wind turbines presents a Gaussian distribution. Under the conditions of different height layers and incoming wind conditions, the Park-Gauss model has a high consistency between theprediction of the wake wind speed and the measured data, and the positioning of the wake boundary is accurate收稿日期: 2021-07-14；收到修改稿日期: 2021-09-27基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“可再生能源与氢能技术”重点专项（2018YFB1501100）作者简介: 刘飞虹（1990-），男，湖南邵阳市人，工程师，硕士，研究方向为风资源数据分析与风电场后评估。