解析美国文化价值观及其对中国大学生的影响

浅谈美国文化霸权主义的表现及对当代大学生的影响摘要：文化扩张不同与军事上的侵略和冲突，它具有隐蔽性和多样性，不具备高度的警惕性和辨别能力，很难察觉到霸权国家实行文化渗透和文化扩张的意图。

有时候作为当代大学生，在谈到西方国家的文化渗透时感到不可思议，认为问题没有这么严重，是一些学者太小题大做、杞人忧天了。

本文主要综述了美国实行文化霸权主义的种种表现，并简单分析了美国文化霸权对中国大学生的影响，旨在提高大学生的警惕意识，弘扬健康的、积极向上的文化传统。

关键词：美国文化霸权表现影响当今世界，全球化已成为社会发展的一种基本趋势，随着经济全球化的推进，文化全球化也成为一种不可避免的现象。

文化全球化，一方面促进了世界各民族文化之间的交流与融合，另一方面也为西方发达资本主义国家谋求全球霸权提供了便利条件。

西方发达国家正是借助其在经济、科技上的优势来推行其文化霸权的。

在全球交往中，西方经济强国往往以一种不平等的态度，来对待文化交流和交往，不考虑他国的文化传统和现实条件，按照自己设定的标准，强行推行自己的文化价值观念，把自己的价值观强加于发展中国家，“一厢情愿”地向不发达国家进行文化渗透或文化输出，将文化入侵作为实施霸权的手段，对其他国家在潜移默化中进行一场没有硝烟的战争，从而使经济上处于弱势的发展中国家最终丧失其文化主权以至国家主权，成为和平演变的对象。

因此，清楚地认识到西方国家进行文化侵略的新方式并积极采取措施，是我国在积极融入全球化的进程中面临的重要难题。

一、文化霸权主义的概念由于很多人没有意识到这种文化扩张的严重性，甚至不了解文化霸权这个概念，我们先来解释一下文化霸权的概念。

“文化霸权”这个词最早是由意大利共产党创始人葛兰西提出来的。

在葛兰西那里，霸权(hegemny)包括强制和同意两个方面，统治阶级主要用两种方式进行霸权统治：一是以实力直接仗势强制控制，即“强制”统治的方式；二是“同意”的方式或领导权的方式，也就是通过社会主要团体积极同意而取得的道德哲学的领导。

美国文学在中国读者中的意义及影响研究一、引言美国文学作为西方文化的代表之一，已经在中国被翻译、研究和阅读了很长时间。

它不仅仅是一个跨越国界的文化传播工具，还是人们了解美国文化、历史、社会和价值观的桥梁。

本文将从几个方面探讨美国文学在中国读者中的意义及其影响。

二、美国文学在中国的重要性1.世界文化的多元性在全球化的时代，文化交流已经成为一种主流趋势，世界文化逐渐呈现出多元性的特点。

美国文学，作为一个重要的文化符号，已经被广泛传播到世界各个角落，并在当今的文化交流中占据了重要的地位。

中国作为世界上人口最多的国家之一，其对接收和传播美国文化有着特殊的意义和影响。

2.深入了解美国文化美国文学作为美国文化最具代表性的部分之一，是了解美国文化、历史、社会和价值观的重要渠道。

通过研读美国文学，中国读者可以了解美国文化的基本特征、文化传统和价值观，进而增进对美国的了解和感性认识。

这对于增进两国人民之间的相互了解和互信，并加强两国间的文化交流和合作具有重要意义。

3.提高读者的英语水平美国文学，由于历史和文化特点的原因，其语言比较古老和复杂，因此对于中国读者来说阅读美国经典文学不仅可开拓视野，拓展眼界，同时还可以充分锻炼阅读英语的技巧和水平。

通过阅读英语经典文学，许多中国读者在英语语法、词汇和表达方面都有了极大的提高，对于日后的学习和工作也有了很大的帮助作用。

三、美国文学在中国读者中的影响1. 教育教学方面的影响美国文学作为世界上最重要的文学之一，被广泛地应用于中国的教育教学中，尤其是在高等教育中。

美国文学作为语言和文化课程之一，在中国的大学里受到越来越多的重视和关注。

2.文化凝聚和传承方面的影响美国文学以其丰富的文化内涵、鲜明的文学风格、独特的创意和独特的文化氛围，成为不同文化之间相互了解和交流的桥梁。

同时，美国文学作品被翻译成不同的语言并广泛流传，不仅对于美国文学的本国读者和全球读者来说具有重要意义，对于中国读者也同样具有重要的意义。

美国文化对中国大学生的影响作者：刘芳刘宗元来源：《科技视界》2015年第33期【摘要】随着美国影视剧作品在全球的广泛传播，美国的生活方式、交往方式、道德观以及价值观也随着其向中国传递，尤其影响着追捧美剧、关注美国电影的中国大学生的行为方式和思想观念，在一定程度上出现了“美国化”现象。

文章通过分析美国文化价值观的特点、美国主流文化的构成因素及其对中国大学生的影响，并在分析其影响的基础上提出对中国大学生进行科学人生观塑造教育的应对策略。

【关键词】美国文化价值观；中国大学生；行为方式；思想观念；人生观教育0 IntroductionThe implementation of China‟s reform and opening up has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to all fields of society. It introduces western culture， technology， and advanced productive force and meanwhile there is some negative affect on many fields of our country.Nowadays， America is one of the most developed countries in the world. Its culture greatly influences many other areas all over the world. Obviously， Chinese college students are also influenced by American culture. With the influence of American culture， they become more confidence and independent. Besides， they work hard to compete with others. However， they have not get the real quintessence of the American culture. They blindly pursue individual freedom and pay much attention to their creature comfort （Coben， 25）.The purpose of this paper is to research the effective measures to eliminate the harmful trends of these students. The analysis of the influence shows that it is very important for college students to know the real quintessence of American culture. Then adopt it to build college students‟ character. Now， the society needs talented persons who have high qualities. Facing with unprecedented challenges and opportunities， College students should cultivate themselves to be all-round talents.The paper consists of five parts. Part one is “an introduction of some parts of American culture”. Part two is “influence of American culture on Chinese college students”. Part three is “an analysis of the influence of American culture on college students”. Part four is “character education”. Part five is “conclusion”.1 Analysis1.1 An Introduction of Some Parts of American Culture“Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge， belief， art， morals， law，custom and members of capabilities and habits acquired by a man as a member of society” （Deng，2）. As we know， American culture， especially American values， beliefs and characteristics，has influenced many other areas all round the world.1.1.1 Some Basic American Values and Beliefs1）Individual Freedom and Self-relianceAmericans love freedom. Freedom is so much a part of American life that it is often taken for granted.But this is not the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly hold of all American belief. By “freedom”， Americans mean the desire and ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government， a ruling noble class，the church or any other organized authority.The desire to be free of controls was a basic value of new nation 1776， and it was continued to attract immigrants to this country.Besides， Americans believe that one must learn to rely on oneself or risk losing freedom. This means achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible，usually by age 18 or 21. “It means that Americans believe they should take care of themselves， solve their own problems and “stand on their own two feet”（Deng， 33）.This strong belief in self-reliance continues toady as a basic American value. It is perhaps one of the most difficult aspects of the American character to understand， but it is profoundly important. Americans believe that they must be self-reliant in order to keep their freedom. If they rely too much on support of their families or the government or any organization， they may not be free to do what they want.“By being dependent， not only do they risk losing freedom， but they also risk losing the respect of their peers”（Deng， 33）. Even if they are not truly self-reliant， most Americans believe they must at least appear to be so. In order to be in the mainstream of American life， to have power and respect， one must be self-reliant. Although receiving financial support from charity，family， or the government， which is allowed. However，“many people believe that such individuals are settling a bad example， which may weaken the American character as a whole” （Deng， 35）.2）Equality of Opportunity and CompetitionIt is important to understand what American mean when they say they believe in equality of opportunity. “They do not mean that everyone is， or should be， equal. However， they do mean each individual should have an equal chance for success. For them， equality means that everyoneshould have an equal chance to enter the race and win”（Deng， 34）. In other words， equality of opportunity may be a thought of as an ethical rule. It helps ensure that the race for success is a fair one and that a person does not win just because he or she was born into a wealthy family.If much of life is regarded as a race， then a person must run the race in order to succeed； a person must compete with others.“If every person has an equal chance to succeed in the United States，then it is every person‟s duty to try. Americans match their energy and intelligence against that of their neighbors in a competitive co ntent for success”（Deng， 34）.“The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. Learning to compete successfully is part of growing up in the United States”（Deng， 36）.3）Material Wealth and Hard Work“The heart of the argument of individualism concerned the growth of the concept of private individual property，and ownership”（Macafarlane， 192）. Materialism means placing a high value on material possessions. But Materia lism is a word that most American find offensive. “To say that a person is …materialistic‟ is an insult. To an American this means this person values material possession above all else”（Deng， 35）. Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values. In fact， Americans do have other values and ideals. Nevertheless acquiring and maintaining a larger number of material possessions is of much importance to most Americans.Probably material wealth is the most widely accepted measure of social status in the United States. Because Americans rejected the European system of hereditary aristocracy and titles of nobility， they had to find a substitute for judging social status. “The quality and quantity of individual material possessions became the accepted measure of success and social status”（Deng，35）.As we know， Americans almost hard work. The North American continent was rich in natural resources when the first settlers arrived， but all these resources were undeveloped. Only by hard work could these natural resources be converted into material possessions and a comfortable standard of living. Hard work has been in those necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. Because of this， they have come to see material possessions as the natural reward for their hard work. In some ways，material possessions are seen not only as tangible evidence of people‟s work， but also of their abilities. Most Americans believe that if a person works hard， it is possible to have a good standard of living. There is， however， considerable social pressure not only to maintain a good standard of living but also to improve it .It is easier to understand what Americans are thinking and feeling if we can understand what these basic values are and how they influences almost every facet of life in the United States. The sixbasic values presented in this part-- individual freedom， self-reliance， equality of opportunity，competition， material wealth and hard work--can help us understand some aspects of American character and they strongly influence life in the United States and that in China.1.2 Influence of American Culture on Chinese College Students1.2.1 Possitive Influence of American CultureDuring college students‟ studying of the their courses， they have learned more and more knowledge and culture. Among them，“the most influenced culture is American culture”（Collins，5）. “With the influence of American culture， Chinese college students have become more independent and self-reliance”（Waites， 25）. Most of them try to live by their hands. They utilize their spare time to earn some money instead of being supported by their parents. They usually work as tutors or do some part-time jobs， and so on. With the working experience， besides money， they have benefited a lot.Besides，“nowadays college students are more confident and most of them believe equality of o pportunity”（Waites， 26）. At the beginning of the first term of their college‟s life， most of them made a speech to campaign for being a monitor or some other posts. They cherish every opportunity and try their best to run for it. They believe every one should have an equal chance to compete with others.And consciousness of competition and hard work has greatly appeared in students‟ minds，especially for the graduating students. With the encourage of some American youths‟ successful experience， for example， when Bill Gates was 19 years old， he set up his Microsoft company.20-year-old Dell created Dell company…etc.， Chinese college students begin to carve out career for themselves. Indeed， there is great influence of American culture on Chinese college students. However， there also is some negative affect.1.2.2 Negative Affect of American CultureCollege students who are the representatives of advanced Chinese culture are regarded as the successor of the country‟s construction. Howeve r， with the negative affect of American culture，present cultural situation in many colleges is not optimistic. “Some college students are uninterested in Chinese culture and even sniff at it”（Waites， 31）. “Many students pay more attention to American cult ure instead of Chinese culture”（Stroey， 162）. Now the college students except students majored in Chinese classicism music， few of them are willing to learn Chinese classicism music， Chinese literature， and Chinese history. Indeed， traditional Chinese culture is facing great challenge.Besides， many college students blindly adore nearly everything from America. They like fast food， such as KFC，Macdonald‟s instead of Chinese food， although Chinese food is muchhealthier than fast food. And some of them are the crazy fans of films of Hollywood. They become lost facing American culture. “They persist in pursuing individually and freedom”（Storey， 256）. They become self-centered. They believe they are the best and do not want to cooperate with others. They have nearly no sense of discipline. What is worse， gradually they seldom respect and care about the collective and others.So college students， facing American culture， please consider carefully what is the real quintessence of American culture. Otherwise， you will be misled by some negative factors.1.3 An Analysis of the Influence of American Culture on College Students1.3.1 Real Quintessence of American CultureCulture is the incarnation of a national power， which is the important symbol of both a nation and a country. Any nation has its own culture. To develop his own culture， people from any country should learn others‟ quintessence. What the most important is that you must know the real quintessence. American is a country that respect individuality and advocate individual freedom，individualism. What they emphasize is not to be cold to others and to be self-centered， but to strive and innovate independently. Common people‟s successful stories are the quintessence of t he “American dreams （Coben， 45）Carnegie who used to be a penniless apprentice， has been a steel magnate now. Lincoln is a famous American president， who used to be a common people. They are all nonesuch for common Americans.In many countries all over the world， personal relationship and his family background are the necessary qualifications for his individual success. For example， in Italy， if you want to succeed，first you need the godfather's help. If you are in Africa， people must get the Tribal chief's recommendation. However， in the United States， people will benefit from their relationship， but more important are personal diligent spirit， talent intelligence， and enterprising courage with the friendly personality. America is a country in which people have to do nearly every thing all by themselves. People believe firmly that everyone has equal opportunity. There， your family background does not support your success， and no one can help you succeed Individual progress is only attributive to your endless efforts.Besides，Americans have get a truth from their country‟s great change： since the wilderness can become the good farms， villages can become the cities. So， in the world， if you work unremittingly， you can achieve anything. Anything is possible. That is optimistic spirit. And the quintessence of optimistic spirit is that anything depends on human effort.Facing the future， they are full of confidence， make great efforts to innovate， and pursue the victory.These are the real quintessence of American culture， from which is the right thing we should learn to cultivated ourselves.1.3.2 Some harmful trendsChinese culture has been contributing greatly to the development of human being， whose language and character， literary quotation， literature and art， science and technology， arts and crafts， philosophy and religions，and moral theory all show Chinese culture‟s great witchery.However， with the affect of many foreign culture， especially American culture， some college students are lost themselves. They begin to adore American culture blindly， instead of learning the essence American culture to develop and innovate our culture. What is worse， some of college students have little interest in traditional Chinese culture. Some good traditional arts are nearly facing a crisis of no successor. However， many college students are busy with studying occidental arts， musical instruments， and western culture. Obviously we are following others without our own minds. As we know，Indian science and technology lags far behind China‟s. However，India‟s industry of software is quite developed， we still have a long way. The reason to the problem is that Hindus refuse to use the foreign software products， such as： IBM， while we accept them. We go after others and use others‟ culture to consider instead of mine. Such a serious situation， let we have to face it and think about our own way.1.4 Character EducationIn American history， the educational system had ever met the similar problems， like ours，which caused lots of social problems. After pursuing a new program--character education， there was a virtuous circle in the educational system. So it is high time that we introduced this program to our educational system， firstly to our class （Ryan， 16）.1.4.1 The Importance of Character Education“Good character is known the good， loving the good，and doing the good”（Ryan， 5）. These three ideals are intimately concerned. We are born both self-centered and ignorant， with our primitive impulses reigning over reason. The point of a nurturing upbringing and education is to bring our inclinations； feelings， and passions into harmony with reason.“Knowing the good includes coming to un derstand good and evil. It means developing the ability to sum up a situation， deliberate， choose the right thing to do，and then do it” （Ryan，5）.“Loving the good means developing a full range of moral feelings and emotions， including a love for the good and contempt for evil，as well as a capacity to empathize with others” （Ryan，6）.“Doing the good means that after thoughtful consideration of all the circumstances and relevant facts we have the will to act” （Ryan， 6）.Character education helps stu dents “know the good， love the good，and do the good”， which involves the head， the heart， and the hand， in an integrated way. It needs our obligation，patience to achieve students‟ character，and we must take the responsibility for students‟ character education. If we compare the society to a big building， then， the students are like the bricks. If all the bricks are not qualified enough， the society will also be destroyed sooner or later.1.4.2 Views， Values or VirtuesView， values and virtues， which is the most important part in character education？ Let us analyze the differences. “Virtues are cultivated from within the individual and actually improve character and intelligence. Views are simply intellectual positions， and values evoke neither a moral commitment nor the promise of leading a good life. Additionally unlike views and values， virtue is not passive. Virtue is both the disposition to think， feel， and act in morally excellent ways， and the exercise of this disposition”（Ryan， 45）. So the facts show that virtue should be the key point in character education.1.4.3 Building a Community of VirtueEvery kind of plant has a kind of environment to grow， so does virtue. In order to carry out character education， we must build a community of virtue where responsibility， hard work，honest and kindness are modeled， taught， expected， celebrated， and continually practiced （Ryan， 56）.We should realize the teaching power of a school ethos and take actions that support a community of virtue. We should spare no effort to advocate traditional virtues of the two cultures，and aim higher， create resonance， institute meaningful service encourage students ownership，remember the little things， build close relationship and care enough to correct others. Community of virtue is very necessary for the character education entering a virtuous circle.1.4.4 Cultivating Character through a CurriculumAs teachers，we should cultivate students‟ character in the class. First， the colleges must add character education to the curriculum. In class， we can teach them from little things to the philosophy of life. We must bring the moral heritage of the two cultures into focus. “We have the responsibility to increase students‟ moral literacy， ignite the moral imagination， promote the moral discourse，and foster moral integrity in class”（Ryan， 114）.1.4.5 Engaging Parents in Character EducationIt is not enough to do these above all for character education. One point this paper intends to add is to engage parents in this program. What we should do is to make them create a community of goodexamples and consciously build their family. Besides， we should persuade them of becoming involved in their children‟s school life， although they are very busy.These are the five points in character education. We really hope that the introduction of character education will bring a great change to our teaching system. If we will make it， we will have full confidence to help our students to know the good， love the good， and do the good.2 ConclusionNowadays， human material civilization has been developing at a fast speed. However， we should not forsake the moral heritage of human cultures， because they are the spiritual treasure that we must pass from generation to generation. Fortunately， character education is a big help to our education system， to our nation， or even to the whole world. Looking into the future， we are full of boundless confidence. We believe that we will develop our students to be international communicators with high qualities who will keep pace with times and represent the orientation of advanced culture.【reference】[1]Chambers， Iain. Popular Culture： The Metropolitan Experience[M]. London：Routledge， 1986.[2]Coben， Stanley， and Lorman Ratner， eds. The Development of An American Culture[M]. 2nd ed. New York：St. Martin‟s Press， 1983.[3]Collins， Stanley， and Lorman Ratner， eds. The Development of An AmericanCulture[M]. 2nd ed. New York：St. Mantin‟s Press， 1983.[4]Day， Gary， ed. Readings in Popular Culture： Trivial Pursuits[M]. London：Macmillan， 1990.[5]Fiske， John. Understanding Popular Culture[M]. Winchest： Unwin Hyman，1989.[6]Gans， Herbert， J. Popular Culture and High Culture： An Analysis and Evaluation of Taste[M]. New York： Basic Book， Inc， Publishers， 1974.[7]Macfarelan， Alan. The Culture of Capitalism[M]. New York： Basil Blackwell Ltd.， 1987.[8]Storey， John， ed. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture： A Reader[M]. 2nd ed. London：Prentice Hall， 1998.[9]Waites， Bernard， Tony Bennett and Graham Martin， eds. Popular Culture： Past and Present[M]. London： Routledge， 1982.[10]邓炎昌，主编.现代美国社会与文化第一卷[M].上海：高等教育出版社，1988.[责任编辑：杨玉洁]。

欧美国家大学生核心价值观教育的启示欧美发达国家高校一直以显性课程与隐形教育结合的方式，以传承资本主义文化传统为重点，以培养学生的爱国精神和民族意识为核心，以个人价值取向为基点，不断强化对大学生的核心价值观教育，积累了丰富的教育经验。

探索欧美发达国家在核心价值观教育方面的特点规律，对于加强我国高校价值观教育具有一定的借鉴意义。

标签：欧美国家；大学生；核心价值观教育启示价值观，是人们在实践中形成的对于价值、价值关系的根本观点和看法。

价值观分为一般价值观和核心价值观，其中，处主导和支配作用的是核心价值观，它是人们处理各种价值问题时持有的比较稳定的立场、观点和态度。

大学生承载着国家的未来，寄托着民族的希望，因此，欧美等发达国家非常重视对大学生核心价值观的培养塑造。

尤其近年来，出于应对不断严重的社会道德危机，欧美国家越来越重视价值观教育，以核心价值观为基础的品格教育已经成为当代欧美高校德育的重要成分。

一、欧美国家大学生核心价值观教育的主要特点一直以来，人们认为多元文化生态下的欧美等西方国家，其公民的价值选择完全是主体的自主行为，具有随意性。

事实上，虽然多数欧美国家学校教育中没有明确的“德育”概念，但是，这并不意味着欧美等西方国家不重视价值观教育。

早在1937年，美国教育委员会就在《对学生特征的看法》报告中指出“应加强学生作为一个人去发展而不仅仅是对他进行智力知识训练，更要进行良好的价值观与道德品格教育”〔1〕。

所以，欧美国家“价值领域的确丰富，但不像我们想象的没有主导的多元化”〔2〕，相反，他们对学生的核心价值观培养是十分重视的，且成效明显。

1.高度重视核心价值观教育欧美等西方国家从未放松对大学生的核心价值观教育和研究，1996年，由印度博乐门古默丽思世界精神大学发起，联合国教科文组织支持的有70多个国家参与的“生活价值观教育计划”（values education in life project）将价值观教育推向全球。

美国人的价值观美国作为一个多元文化的国家，有着丰富多样的价值观念。

这些价值观对美国人的生活和社会有着深远的影响。

在本文中，我将探讨一些美国人常见的价值观，并分析它们在社会中的重要作用。

1. 自由自由是美国价值观中最核心的一个概念。

美国人非常重视个人自由和个人权利。

他们相信每个人都有权利追求自己的幸福，并且有权利表达自己的意见和信仰。

美国的宪法也明确保障了这些权利。

自由这一价值观在美国人的日常生活中体现得淋漓尽致，比如他们有自由选择工作、选举和参与政治等权利。

2. 平等平等也是美国人价值观中非常重要的一环。

美国人认为每个人都应该受到平等的对待，不论他们的种族、性别、宗教或其他身份特征。

这一价值观在美国历史上曾经引发过许多社会运动，比如黑人民权运动和女性解放运动。

目前，美国也在促进性别平等、种族平等和对待LGBTQ+群体的平等。

3. 机会均等美国人普遍相信机会均等的重要性。

他们认为每个人都应该有平等的机会去追求自己的梦想和成功。

这就是为什么美国被称为“机会之地”的原因之一。

虽然实现完全的机会均等可能是一项艰巨的任务，但美国人相信通过教育和公平的政策可以实现这个目标。

4. 实用主义美国人的实用主义思维也是一个重要的价值观。

他们注重实际问题解决和效率。

这种思维方式使得美国人在科技创新、商业发展和工程技术等领域取得了巨大的成就。

实用主义的价值观也反映在美国文化中，比如爱好实用的汽车、电子产品等。

5. 个人责任美国人普遍认为个人应该对自己的行为负责，并且应该为自己的成功和失败负责。

他们鼓励个人独立和自力更生，相信通过个人的努力和才能可以取得成功。

这一价值观在美国教育系统和工作文化中得以体现，比如鼓励学生积极主动地追求自己的兴趣和目标。

美国人的这些价值观念在社会中起到了重要的作用。

它们促进了个人和社会的发展，并且为美国建立了一个多元文化和充满活力的社会。

然而，美国的价值观也面临一些挑战和争议。

比如个人自由与公共健康之间的平衡、种族和社会不平等等问题。

西方思潮对中国大学生的影响随着全球化的不断深入，西方思潮对中国大学生的影响也日益显现。

在当今信息爆炸的社会中，中国大学生接触到了更丰富多样的西方思想，这些思想对他们的世界观、人生观、价值观产生了深远的影响。

本文将从文化、政治、教育等多个方面探讨西方思潮对中国大学生的影响，并进行深入分析。

西方思潮对中国大学生的文化影响不可忽视。

自古以来，中国是一个历史悠久、文化底蕴深厚的国家，但随着全球化的发展，西方文化不断渗透到中国，对年轻一代产生了巨大的影响。

从服饰、音乐、电影等方面，西方文化在中国大学生中蔓延开来。

西方的时尚文化对中国大学生的穿着打扮产生了深远的影响，许多大学生开始模仿西方的时尚风格，穿着潮流服饰。

西方的音乐和电影也深受中国大学生的喜爱，他们追逐着西方流行音乐、电影明星的动态，不断模仿西方的审美观念和生活方式。

这些都表明，西方文化对中国大学生的生活产生了深刻的影响。

西方思潮对中国大学生的教育观念产生了影响。

西方国家在教育领域拥有先进的教育理念和方法，这对中国大学生的教育观念产生了影响。

许多大学生开始追求西方国家的教育资源和学习方式，他们渴望去西方留学深造，接受更加国际化的教育。

西方的教育理念也影响了他们的学习态度和目标规划，许多大学生开始追求自主学习、创新思维、国际视野等教育理念，这些都与西方的教育理念密切相关。

西方思潮对中国大学生的教育观念产生了积极的影响，推动了中国教育的不断改革和提升。

西方思潮对中国大学生产生了广泛而深刻的影响，表现在文化、政治、教育等多个方面。

西方丰富多元的文化影响了大学生的生活方式和审美观念，西方先进的政治思想冲击了他们的传统政治观念，西方先进的教育理念影响了他们的学习态度和目标规划。

在全球化的浪潮下，中国大学生需要积极吸收西方的优秀文化和思想，同时也要保持自身的独立思考和民族特色。

只有不断开放和包容，融合中西文化，才能更好地适应时代的发展，为国家和民族的进步做出更大的贡献。

美国文化对我的影响说到美国文化对我们生活的影响，不得不提的是我们对待节日庆祝的态度产生的重要影响。

在经济全球化的今天，外来文化大量进入我国，我们通过一些电视网络媒体，对美国的一些标志的事物印象深刻，比如美国文化的五大象征：自由女神像，芭比娃娃，《美国哥特式》，野牛镍币和山姆大叔。

这些对我们的生活起着潜移默化的影响，我们更多的是通过美国电影了解这些文化，吸收这些观念，我们对西方文化的认同表现在对其语言、节日、娱乐及生活等各方面的认同，其中对美国节日文化的认同对我们的日常观念影响深远。

圣诞节、万圣节、愚人节、情人节、感恩节等，这些节日似乎已经融入了我们的生活，我们对于这些节日的热衷程度似乎已经比拟我国的传统文化，似乎更生活化和浪漫化，这些节日都要自己的文化、宗教背景，但在冲击到我们的传统文化时，为什么人们还如此热衷呢，我想这其中的原因是多样的，有商业媒体的因素，有对外来文化的好奇与新鲜感，更多的是新生代们对外来文化的一种认同。

我们对于美国大片的喜爱促进了国人自身的文化认同，电影可以说是当代综合性最强的艺术，其贴近于生活的特性和文化的认同感足可以影响我们的价值观念，在一定程度上起着文化传播的作用。

美国好莱坞已经形成一种文化侵略，形成了一股强大的“美国式”力量，向世界各国辐射。

圣诞节，每年12月25日，是教会年历的一个传统节日，它是基督徒庆祝耶稣基督诞生的庆祝日。

我们对于这个节日也有高度的认同感，好莱坞每年都会推出圣诞大片，其对我们的影响嘴直观体现在我们对于圣诞节的认同与接受，每到圣诞节那天，人们互赠卡片和礼物，许多商店用圣诞树进行装饰，孩子们装扮成圣诞老人，情侣们更是互送礼物并享受着圣诞大餐。

对于少数信奉基督教的中国人来说，圣诞节在中国流行有些不可思议，其实这就是一种单纯的文化接受！眼下中国人热衷庆祝的西方节日不仅有圣诞节，还包括情人节、万圣节、感恩节等等，只不过，中国的年轻一代都将这些节日进行了本土化的改造，将其视为一种与朋友聚会的机会。

04/2018从漫威系列浅析美国文化对中国青年一代价值观的影响◆李梓玉尤晓安邓佳周炫辰（北京工业大学）【摘要】随着美国漫威电影在国内市场的票房逐年攀升，追捧者络绎不绝，其电影背后传递的美国价值观对于我国青少年的影响也越来越显著。

深刻剖析了电影中潜藏的美国价值观导向，并通过文本，理论和问卷分析的形式，解释这种现象产生的原因，以及探索其具体产生的影响。

最后，结合国情提出建设性的意见和解决方法。

【关键词】漫威电影价值观影响通过观看漫威电影我们将其传递的价值观统称为美国主义。

在众多漫威电影中，我们不难看出它通常传递出美国是世界的核心国，具有世界顶尖实力，以及宣告美国的科技与战斗力都是世界霸主的地位。

例如，《钢铁侠》系列的三部曲敌人都是外国人，胜利一方必然是钢铁侠代表的美国主义。

神盾局有效印证美国人心中霸权主义的感情色彩。

钢铁侠托尼·斯塔克本身就带用典型的美国个人英雄主义色彩的人物，这种人物设定就是在向全世界灌溉美国梦，美国主义。

我们将问卷结果归于三类，并对该现象进行原因分析，同时浅析其影响。

三类分别为“漫威系列电影受广大青少年喜爱及认可”“漫威电影的附属产品的热卖”“漫威系列电影对中国青少年价值观的影响。

”由马斯洛动机理论入手，对大多数人喜欢漫威现象进行分析。

看似独立的各部漫威电影相互暗示、铺垫，描绘出一个更为庞大、系统的平行宇宙，构造出一个完整宏大的世界观，这种电影史上的首次尝试和新鲜刺激的设定深深吸引着观众。

同时超级英雄的平民化给观众希望和动力，戏剧性的展现充分满足了观众对世界的探求欲，促使大量的年青人追捧漫威。

人类是群居动物，常常会选择迎合他人口味，以获得社交中的肯定。

从人设到情节，漫威创造了大量的话题，是优先选择的谈资之一。

为了有更好的交流去看漫威电影，或是从聊天中积累好感选择成为漫威受众群，这都是社交为漫威带来的观众。

由“晕轮效应”可知人们对漫威电影的喜爱会导致他们对周边的爱好的。

根据调查截至去年５月１１日，漫威电影的全球累计票房已达１１４．０８亿美元，其中四成的观影人会购买周边，这无疑冲击了本土商品市场。

美国个人主义和中国集体主义对照与分析一、本文概述本文旨在深入探讨美国个人主义和中国集体主义两种截然不同的文化价值观之间的对照与分析。

我们将从各自的起源、发展历程、社会影响以及在现代社会中的体现等方面进行全面而细致的剖析。

通过对比这两种文化价值观，我们期望能够增进对两国文化差异的理解，促进国际间的文化交流和相互理解。

美国个人主义，作为一种强调个人权利、自由和独立的文化观念，对美国的政治、经济和社会生活产生了深远影响。

个人主义在美国的价值观体系中占据核心地位，它鼓励个人追求自己的梦想，实现自我价值。

相比之下，中国集体主义则更加注重集体利益和社会和谐，认为个人的价值应该在集体中得以实现。

这两种截然不同的文化观念，不仅塑造了各自国家的独特性格，也在一定程度上决定了两国在国际舞台上的行为和态度。

通过对比分析这两种文化价值观，我们可以更好地理解两国在政治、经济、社会等方面的差异，为两国之间的合作与交流提供有益的参考。

这种对比也有助于我们认识到文化多样性的重要性，促进全球范围内的文化交流与融合。

二、美国个人主义概述美国个人主义，源于其深厚的文化土壤和历史背景，是美国社会和文化的重要特征之一。

个人主义在美国表现为一种强调个人权利、自由、独立和自主决策的价值观念。

在美国社会中，个人被视为社会的基本单位，个人的权利和自由被视为至高无上的，而集体利益往往需要服从于个人利益。

这种个人主义价值观的形成，可以追溯到美国的建国初期。

在《独立宣言》中，美国人民宣称“人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。

”这一宣言不仅宣告了美国的独立，也奠定了美国个人主义价值观的基础。

在美国人的观念中，每个人都有权利追求自己的幸福，有权决定自己的生活方式，有权表达自己的观点和信仰。

美国个人主义还体现在其社会制度和法律体系中。

例如，美国的政治制度采用总统制，强调权力分立和制衡，以保护公民的权利和自由。