刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【课后习题】(维多利亚时期)【圣才出品】

刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（18世纪英国⽂学⼩说的兴起）【圣才出品】第9章⼩说的兴起1.Discuss the social and historical elements that promoted the birth of the modern novel in England.Key:There are several factors that promote the rise and the first flowering of the English novel.First,as we’ve said in the previous section,in the18th century science and technology developed fast,and printing grew as one of the most prosperous trades.Therefore,books were quickly printed and in comparatively larger numbers.Second,with the growth of capitalist economy,the middle class grew strong to become the dominant element in all the aspects of social,political and economic life of England.And with it an urban economy also came into being. Big cities like London increased in number in the country and farmers or the agricultural population swarmed into the city to gradually settle down as traders, servants,workers and apprentices.These new settlers in the cities formed a reading public that badly needed to improve themselves and they provided the necessity and possibility of the flourish of a book market.Third,with the development of industry,women were deprived of their previous opportunities of spinning and weaving at home.Without a way to earn a living,women who failed to marry into a family with secure financial means to support them were forced to work as maids,or became thieves,prostitutes orkept women in the cities.These women,no matter as an idle wife of a rich man,or as a servant girl,joined the public readers and some of them even became writers themselves who sold popular literary works to earn a living.Thus,by mid-18th century,a large book market had been established in England that sold reading stuff of all kinds,from journals and newspapers,political pamphlets,conduct books,travel guides,manuals for house decoration,ghost stories,romances,etc. to serious literature of poetry,drama and prose work written by classical masters like Swift and Johnson.2.Discuss Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe as a typical middle-class novel.Key:Readers of China are mostly familiar with this novel.In the past we emphasised Crusoe’s imperialist and capitalist side,because Marx says in his On the Capital that Crusoe is the typical representative of the rising capitalist class whose sole interest is to expand and exploit,and in Crusoe’s adventures we see how capital is accumulated at the early stage of capitalism.While what Marx says is correct,he only sees the story from a political and economic point of view.As a literary figure,Crusoe is more than just a money-grabbing capitalist and colonialist.He also shows many positive sides of the rising middle class,such as the love for labor,the industrious and thrifty life style,courage to explore strange lands,a curiosity to know the world,and the strong desire to test one’s own strength and establish one’s individual identity.3.What kind of novel did Richardson write?And discuss his two major novels toshow your points.Key:All Richardson’s novels and writings preach the Puritan ideology of hard work,honesty,thrift,industry,and,most of all,the importance of living a virtuous life.For example,his Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded and Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady.In Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded,Pamela grew up into a beautiful and virtuous young woman with good taste and refined manners,getting through many hardships and threats,and finally she is married to his young master Mr.B, which indicates that her virtue is rewarded. In Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady,unlike Pamela in birth,Clarissa Harlowe was the daughter of a rich merchant.She was both beautiful and virtuous and had her own share of wealth given to her by her grandfather.But such a young lady could not choose to marry a man she liked and respected,for her father and brother forced her to marry a rich but disgusting and vulgar merchant,in order to merge the property and wealth of the two families.To escape the hatedmarriage,Clarissa,inexperienced and innocent,fell into the hands of a rake Mr.Lovelace and was deceived and kidnapped to a brothel,and later drugged and raped.Although afterwards Lovelace realised his true feelings for Clarissa and proposed marriage,the virtuous girl could neither forgive him nor herself for harboring illusions toward a rake.Finally,she sought a slow suicidal death and wrote her own story as a warning to all the young women.4.How did Fielding name his panoramic novels?What are the main features of his novels?Key:Fielding named his panoramic novels“comic epic in prose”.Epics are usually written in verse,and the subjects are always adventures and heroic deeds of the heroes of noble birth.But here Fielding tells us that he has written a prose work with the epic scope and power,but the main protagonists are common people and even people of the low social status.This is a real revolution in the Western literary history in which literary genres abide by a rather strict rule of levels of style.Although Parson Adams and Joseph are still comic roles,they are no longer minor characters,but the centre of the story.In this experiment of Fielding’s,the new novel has paved way to the more realistic representation of common people’s experiences in the19th century.5.Why do we say that Tristram Shandy is a strange and difficult novel?In what way does this novel anticipate the postmodern novel tendencies?Key:We have several reasons to call Tristram Shandy experimental and difficult. First,it is perhaps the first English novel that does not respect the plot’s time sequence.Second,the book is made difficult by Sterne with a lot of typographical oddities.And third,he has employed a lot of sexual jokes such as his own unfortunate accidents during his mother’s conception of him and later the doctor’s crushing of his nose.Sterne is the first novelist who anticipates the postmodern violation of the temporal sequence of a narrative.。

第4部分18世纪英国文学（1688-1780）一、填空题1.Henry Fielding has been regarded as“_____”,for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.（吉林大学2007研）【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利·菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2.A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a sharp_____against the social injustice in_____.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】satire,Ireland【解析】1729年斯威夫特发表的《一个温和的建议》是对英国政府对爱尔兰人民剥削压迫的极度讽刺。

这一宣传册建议爱尔兰的穷人把刚满一周岁的孩子卖给富人，富人可将孩子做成美餐，而穷人也将获得一笔收入。

3.The English novel began to prosper in18th century as a new literary genre.In this period there appeared a number of great novelists such as_____,Daniel Defoe, and_____.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Jonathan Swift,Samuel Richardson【解析】18世纪英国文学的小说家主要有Defoe，Swift，Richardson，Fielding，Smollett and Sterne等。

4.Author:_____Title:_____.（南京大学2007研）At other times,the like battles have been fought between the Yahoos of several neighborhoods,without any visible cause:those of one district watching all opportunities to surprise the next,before they are prepared.But if they find their project has miscarried,they return home,and,for want of enemies,engage in what I call a civil war among themselves.【答案】Author:Jonathan Swift Title:Gulliver’s Travels【解析】题中文段节选自乔纳森的《格列佛游记》。

Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureI . Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____ , with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeatingEn gla nd.A. William the Conq uerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudiusth2. In the 14 century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. Lan gla ndB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer3. The prevaili ng form of Medieval En glish literature is __ .A. no velB. dramaC. roma neeD. essay4. The story of ___ i s the cul min ati on of the Arthuria n roma nces.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the Plowma nD. The Can terbury Tales5. William Langland ' s ______ i s written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla Kha nB. Piers the Plowma nC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d ' Arthur6. After the Norma n Conq uest, three Ian guages existed in En gla nd at that time. TheNorma ns spoke ___ .A. FrenchB. En glishC. LatinD. Swedish7. _____ w as the greatest of En glish religious reformers and the first tran slator ofthe Bible.A. Lan gla ndB. GowerC. WycliffeD. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowma n describes a series of won derful dreams the author dreamed,through which, we can see a picture of the life in the ___ En gla nd.A. primitiveB. feudalC. bourgeoisD. moder n9. The theme of ____ to ki ng and lord was repeatedly emphasized in roma nces.A. loyaltyB. revoltC. obedie neeD. mockery10. The most famous cycle of En glish ballads cen ters on the stories about a lege ndaryoutlaw called ____ .A. Morte d ' ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Can terbury TalesD. Piers the Plowma n11. _____ , the “ father of English poetry ” and one crfaheitgr e aiee t s ofEn gla nd, was born in Londonin about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir Gawa inC. Francis Bac onD. Joh n Dryde n12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ___ .A. Fla ndersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westmi nster Abbey13. Chaucer' earliest work of any length is his _______ , a translation of the FrenchRoma n de la Roseby Gaillaume de Lorris and Jea n de Meung, which was a love th th allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13 and 14 centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A. The Romaunt of the RoseB. “A Red, Red Rose ”C. The Lege nd of Good Wome nD. The Book of the Duchess14. I n his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupatio ns that had impact onthe wide range of his writi ngs. Which one is not his career? ___ .A. engin eerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator 议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio ' spoem “ Filostrato ” .A. The Lege nd of Good Wome n C. Sir Gawa in and the Gree n Knight Key to the multiple choices 1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAAB n . Questions1. What are the features oBeowulf?2. Comme nt on the social sig nifica nee and Ian guage iiThe Can terbury TalesPart Two The English Renaissance I . Match the writer and his works.1. Thomas MoreA. Apology for Poetry 2. Holi nshedB. Miscella ny of Songs and Sonn ets 3. HakluytC. Utopia4. Richard Tottel D. Discovery of Guia na5. Philip Sid ney E. Prin cipal Navigati ons. Voyages andDiscoveries 6.Walter Raleigh F. Chro nicies The key: (1— C 2— F 3—E 4— B 5— A 6—D)n . Choose the best answer.1. ___ foun ded the Tudor Dyn asty, a cen tralized mon archy of a totally new type,which met the n eeds of the rising bourgeoisie.A. He nry VB. He nry VIIC. He nry VIIID. James I2. The first complete English Bible was translated by _______ , the morning star ofthe Reformation" and his followers.A. William Tyn dalB. James IC. Joh n WycliffeD. Bishop Lan celot An drews3. The progress in in dustry at home stimulated the commercial expa nsion abroad. encouraged exploratio n and travel, which were compatible with the in terests of the En glish mercha nts.A. Henry V.B. He nry VIIC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4. Except being a victory of England over ______ , the rout of the fleet Armada ”(Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over theB. Troilus and CriseydeD. Beowulfdecli ning old feudalism.A. Spai nB. FranceC. AmericaD. Norway5. Those, both traders and pirates like ____ , established the first En glish colonies.A. Francis DrakeB. Lan celot An drewsC. William Caxt onD. William Tyn dal6. ___ was a forerunner of classicism in En glish literature.A. Ben Joh nsonB. William ShakespeareC. Thomas MoreD. Christopher Marlowe7. The most gifted of the “ university wits ” was ____ .A. LylyB. PeeleC. Gree neD. Marlowe8. Morality plays appeared after ____ .A. miracle playsB. mystery playsC. interludeD. Classical plays9. ___ is used to say and do good thi ngs.A. MercyB. FollyC. ViceD. Peace10. ___ is one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.A. Phillip Sid neyB. Edmu nd Spe nserC. Thomas MoreD. Walter Raleigh11. ___ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissanee.A. Thomas NorthB. Thomas WyattC. George Chapma nD. Joh n Florio12. ___ had supplied Shakespeare with the material for Julius Caesar.A. Lives of Greek and Roan Heroe《希腊罗马名人传》B. Miscellany of Songs and SonnetsC. Don QuixoteD. History of the World13. ___ was one of the first to see the relation between wealth and poverty toun dersta nd that the rich were beco ming richer by robb ing the poor.A. Joh n WycliffeB. William Caxt onC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. Thomas More14. Utopia was written in the form of ____ .A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue15. One of the popular morality plays was ____ .A. The ShepherdsB. Everyma nC. The Play of the WeatherD. Gammer Gurtons Needle16. Shakespeare ' s plays written between _____ are sometimes calledall end in rec on ciliati on and reunion.A. 1590 and 1594B. 1595 and 1600C. 1601 and 1607D. 1608 and 161217. Miranda is a heroinein Shakespeare ' s _______ .A. PericlesB. Cymbeli neC. The Win ters T aleD. The Tempest18. In _____ appearedShakespear^ Sonne, Never before Imprinted （《莎士比亚十四行诗》迄今从未干刊印过”）which contains 154 sonnets.A. 1606B.1607C.1608 160919. Shakespeare is one of the founders of ____ .a ”roma ncesA. roma nticismB. realismC. n aturalismD. classicism20. Among many poetic forms, Shakespeare was especially at home (good at) withthe _______ .A. dramatic bla nk verseB. songC. sonnetD. couplet21. In the plays, Shakespeare used about ______ w ords.A. 15000B. 16000C. 17000D. 1800022. ___ has been called the summit of the English Renaissanee.A. Christopher MarlowB. Francis Baco nC. W. ShakespeareD. Ben Joh nsonKey to the multiple choices:1-5 BCDAA 6-10 DDCBA 11-15 BDADA 16-22 ACBADDB川.Fill in the blanks.1. The ___ was uni versally used by the Catholic Churches.2. The En glish tran slati on of the Bible emerged as a result of the struggle betwee n___ and ___ .3. The Bible was no tably tran slated in to En glish by the __ .4. The first complete En glish Bible was tran slated by __ , “ the morni ng star of the5. ___ tran slated the New Testame nt and porti ons of the Old Testame nt, which isknown as Tyndale ' s Bible.6. After Tydale ' s Bible, then appeared the ________ , which was made in 1611 underthe auspices of ____ . And so was sometimes called the ____ .7. Apart from the religious in flue nee, the Authorized Versio n has had a greatin flue nee on En glish _ a nd ___ .8. With the widespread in flue nee of the En glish Bible, the sta ndard moder n En glishhas bee n ____ a nd _____ .9. A great number of _____ a nd phrases have passedinto daily English speech ashousehold words.10. The ___ and ____ Ianguage of the Authorized Version has colored the style ofthe En glish prose for the last 300 years.11. ___ was the first English printer.12. William Caxton was a prosperous merchant himself, but he was fond of __ , andhis in terest was tur ning to ___ .13. He translated The Recuyell of Historyes of Troy into English from French whichwas the ___ book prin ted in En glish.14. The Recuyell served as a source for __ roilus and Cressida《特洛埃勒斯与克雷雪达》15. After having established his printing press, William Caxton devoted himself tothe career of a ____ and _____ .16. William Caxton published about ____ books, ___ of which were translated byhimself.17. By rendering (翻译)French books into English, Caxton exercised the youthfulIan guage in the airs (曲调),the graces, the crafts of the elder and con tributed to the developme nt of the style of ______________ cen tury En glish___ .18. The in flue nee of Caxt on ' s publicati ons greas on fixing a ___ Ian guage inEn gla nd.19. As the first En glish prin ter, Caxt on inven ted in En gla nd the professi on of ,which in fact has had a lasti ng sig nifica nee to the developme nt of En glish asa whole.20. The Renaissanee started in the _____ century and ended in the ______ century.21. The word, “renaissanee ” means ________ , which was stimulated by a series ofhistorical eve nts, such as _______ .22. In the Renaissanee, the humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those oldin medieval Europe, to in troduce new ideas that expresses of the risi ng bourgeoisie, and to recover the of the early church from the corrupti on of theRoma n Catholic Church.23. ___ is the theme of the English Renaissanee, which emphasized the capacities of___ and the achieveme nts of ___ .24. ___ Stanza is a verse form created by _____ for his poem, _______ , in which therhyme scheme is ____ .25. The Wars of the Roses (145—1485) between the House of ___ and the House of___ struggli ng for the Crow n continued for 30 years.26. Becauseof the eonflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the King ofEn gla nd, the far-reach ing moveme nt of _ took place in En gla nd, started byHe nry VIII.27. After ___ in England, the helpless, dispossessedpeasants,being compelled towork at a low wage, became hired laborers for the merchants. These laborers were the fathers of moder n En glish _______________ .28. The introduction of __ to England by William Caxton (1476) brought classicalworks withi n reach of the com mon multitude.th29. The 16 eentury in England was a period of the breaking up ___ of relations andthe establishi ng of the foun dati ons of __ .30. Because the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk, it was a time when,according to Thomas More, “”.31. ___ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in theeountry, eonfiscated their lands and proclaimed himself head of the Church of En gla nd.32. Together with the developme nt of bourgeois relati on ships and formati on of theEn glish n ati onal state this period is marked by a flourish ing of n ati onal culture known as .33. ___ , in his translation of Virgil Aeneid, wrote the first English blank verse.34. Richard Tottel Mscellany of Songsand Sonnets contained ________ poems by_____ and _____ by _____ .35. Philip Sidney thought that _____ h ad superiority over philosophy and history.36. ____ is a picture of eon temporary En gla nd with forcible exposure of the ____among the labori ng classes.37. More points out that the root of poverty is the ________ of social wealth.38. Sonnets contain ____ sonnets and ____ sonnets.39. The highest glory of the En glish Ren aissa nee was unq uesti on ably its .40. The “ miracles ” were simple plays based on ______ stories.41. There are significant touches of _____life in the play titledThe Shepherds42. A morality play prese nted the ___ of good and _____ with _____ pers on ages.43. Vice was the predecessor of the modern _____ .44. Through the revival of classical literature, En glish playwrights came into con tactwith _____ and ______ drama.45. From the con tact with Greek and Lat in drama, En glish playwrights lear ned all theimporta nt rules in ___ and ____ , the more exact con cepti on of ___ a nd ____ .46. English comedies and tragedies on classical models appeared in the middle of the cen tury.47. The first English comedy is ______ .48. The first English tragedy is ____ .49. Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays paved the way for theflourish ing of ___ .th50. In the 16 century _____ became the centre of English drama.51. By ___ , professional actors were organized into companies.52. ___ were wooden buildings, usually circular in form, with tiers （一排排）ofgalleries surro unding a roofless pit （楼下剧场）53. In the Elizabethan Theater, there were no ____ a nd women ' s parts were alwaystake n by __ .54. Shakespeare ' s narrative poem, Venus and Adonis, is full of vividnages of the , andaphorisms 格言、警句）on life.55. Shakespeare was a great ____ of the English Ianguage.56. Shakespeare ' s dramatic creation often used the method of ______ .57. Shakespeare ' s drama becomes a monument of the English ______ .58. Shakespeare was a ____ for play-writing.59. Shakespeare ' s people represent all the complexities and implications of real life.Key to the blanks:1. Latin Bible2. Protestantism; Catholicism3. Protestants4. John Wycliffe; Reformation5. William Tyndal6. Authorized Version, James I; King James Bible.7. Language; literature8. fixed; con firmed9. Bible coin ages 10. simple; dignified11. William Caxt on12. Reading; literature13. First14. Shakespeare15. Printer; publisher16.100; 2417.15th ; prose18. National19. Publisher; culture37. private ownership 38. Italian/Petrarchan ; Shakespearean 39. Drama 40. Bible 41. real 42. Conflict; evil; allegorical 43. Clown 44. Greek; Latin 45. Structure; style; comedy; tragedy 46. 16 47. Gammer Gurtons Needle 《葛顿大娘的缝 衣针》 48. Gorboduc 《高波特克》 49. Drama 50. London 51.1567 52. Elizabethan theatres 53. actress; boys 54. countryside 55. master 56. adaptation (revision) 57. Renaissanee 58. master-hand 能手) 59. full-bloodIV . Say true or false.1. The old En glish aristocracy hav ing bee n exterm in ated (wiped out) in the course of the Warof the Roses, a new no bility, totally depe ndent on Ki ng 's power, come to the fore.2. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.3. The progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state and enabled her in 1588to in flict a defeat on the Spanish In vi ncible Armada.4. The Protesta nt Reformati on was in esse ncea religious moveme nt in a political guise.5. Before the Reformatio n, the En glish Bible was uni versally used by the Catholic churches.6. Walter Raleigh wrote his History of the World in impris onment.7. More the man is eve n more in teresti ng tha n Morehe writer.8. Utopia, Book One, describes an ideal com munist society.9. Tran slati ons occupied an importa nt place in the En glish Ren aissa nee.10. Philip Sidney ' s collection of love sonnAk s triophel and Stella.11. The Miracle plays were not forbidden to perform in churches after the actors in troducedsecular and eve n comical eleme nts into the performa nee.12. The writer of Gammer Gurton sNeedleis unknown.13. Two lawyers who wrote Gorboduc were Thomas Sackville （托马斯 萨克维尔） and ThomasNorton （托马斯 诺顿）.小c 八th 」_th 20. 14 ; 1721. Religious reformation22. feudalist ideas; interests; purity23. Humanism; human mind;huma n culture24. Spenserian; Edmund Spenser;The Faerie Quee neababbcbcc25. Lan caster; York26. The Reformation27. the Enclosure Movement;proletaria ns28. printing29. feudal; capitalism30. sheep devours men31. William VIII32. Renaissanee33. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey34. 96, Sir Thomas Wyatt, 40,Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey35. poetry36. Utopia, Book One; poverty14. Shakespeare 'onnets are divided into three groups: Numbers 1 —, Numbers 18—126, andNumbers 12—154.15. Shakespeare ' s sonnets are written for variety of virtues.16. Engels said, “ Realism implies, besides truth in detail, the truthful reproduction oftypical characters un der typical circumsta nces. ”17. Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time.18. Shakespeare ' s one play contains one thenOco ntains more than one theme）19. To reproduce the real life, Shakespeareoften combines the majestic with the funny, the poeticwith the prosaic散文体的）and tragic with the comic.20. Engels called Shakespeare ' s plays the “ ShakespeO活泼nvl ft acityandwealth of （大量的）action ” .21. Utopia is More ' masterpiece,written in the form of letters between More and Hythloday, avoyage.22. Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and dramatist.23. Carl Marx commented highly on More' Utopia and mentioned it in his great work, The Capital.24. The highest glory of the En glish Ren aissa nee was unq uesti on ably its poetry.25. The miracle plays were simple plays based on Bible stories, such as the creation of the world,Noah and the flood, and the birth of Christ.26. Grammer Gurton'Needleis the first English comedy, Gorboduc the first English tragedy.27. Both the gen tleme n and the com mon people went to the theatres. But the upper class wasthe dominant force in Elizabetha n theatre.28. After Shakespeares death, Herminge and Con dell collected and published his plays in 1623.29. From Shakespeares history plays, it can be seen that Shakespearetook a great in terest in thepolitical questio ns of his time.30. In Shakespeareshistorical plays, historical accuracy is not strictly regarded.31. King Lear is a tragedy of ambition, which drives a brave soldier and national hero to degenerate into a bloody murder and despot right to his doom.32. Coming from an old Danish lege nd, Othello is con sidered the summit of Shakespeares art.33. Shakespeare is one of the founders of romanticism in world literature.34. Gen erally speak ing, after Shakespeare,the En glish drama was un derg oing a process ofprosperity.35. English Renaissanee Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was an age of prose.36. There are two main characters inAs You Like It Orlando and Rosalind.37. Ben Johnson's comedies are comedies of humors” and every character in hiscomedies personifies a definite humor”.38. In Ben Johnson'later years he became the “literarydng” of his time.Key to the True/False statements:1. T2. T3. T4. F. (a political movement in areligious guise)5. F. (the Latin Bible)6. T7. F (Sidney)8. T9. T10. T11. T12. T13. F ( Book Two)14. T15. T16. T17. T18. F19. T20. T21. F (a conversation)22. F (poet and critic of poetry)23. F24. F(darma)25. T26. T27. T28. T29. T30. T31. F (Macbeth)32. F (Hamlet)33. F (realism)34. F(decline)35. F (not an age of prose)36. T37. F (ordinary people were)38. TV . Questions on the English Renaissance1. Comment on the image of Henry V and Sir John Falstaff.2. Comment on the character of Hamlet.3. What are the features of Shakespea'drama?4. RememberShakespeare m ajor plays in each literary career.5. Comment on Marlowe'ssocial significanee and literary achievement.6. Comment on The Faerie QueenePart Three The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionI. Choose the right answer.1. The rhyme scheme of Milton ' s L ' Allkegro and Il Penseroso is _______ .A. aabbccbbcB. abbacdccdC. abacdeecD. ababcdcdd2. ____ , as a declaration of people ' s freedom of the press, has been a weapon inthe later democratic revoluti onary struggles.A. On the Morning of Christ ' s NaBv ityomusC. Of Reformati on in En gla ndD. Areopagitica3. ____ p oems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and thelater sacred verses.A. Joh n Milt onB. Joh n Bu nya nC. Joh n DonneD. Joh n Dryde n4. ____ expressed Donne ' s own way of describing love.A. Holy So nn etsB. Witchcraft by a PictureC. The Sun Risi ngD. Death, Be Not Proud5. George Herbert ' s ________ is a-kvelwn shaped poem.A. The AltarB. To His Coy MistressC. To DaffodilsD. Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May6. ____ i s the lead ing figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. Joh n DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaugha n7. Which of the follow ing is not a Metaphysical poet?A. Richard CrashawB. Henry Vaugha nC. An drew MarvellD. Robert Burto n8. ____ i s a prose poem on death and immortality.A. The An atomy of Mela ncholyB. Religio MeciciC. Holy Dyi ngD. Urn-Burial9. Izaak Walt on ' s ______ i s a delightful descripti on of the En glish coundysi nd thesimple and kind people.A. The Compleat An glerB. Holy Livi ngC. To His Coy MistressD. To Daffadils10. Who is the greatest figure of the Cavalier poetry?A. Joh n Suckli ngB. Richard LovelaceC. Robert HerrickD. Joh n Dryde n11. ___ was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19thcen tury.A. Joh n Dryde nB. Richard SteeleC. Joseph Addis onD. Alexa nder PopeKey to the multiple choices: 1-5 CDCBA 6-11 ADDAADII. Fill in the blanks.1. In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, ___________ o ccupies the mostimporta nt place.2. The Pilgrim 'isogress is one of the most popular pieces of Christian writingproduced duri ng the ____ Age.3. ____ gives a vivid and satirical picture of Vanity Fair which is the symbol ofLondon at the time of Restorati on.4. ____ masterpiece,The Pilgrim 'Psogress, is an allegory, a narrative in whichgen eral con cepts such as sins, despair, an dfaith are represe ntedas people or as aspects of the n atural world.5. ____ is the most excellent representative of English classicism in the Restorationperiod.“Age of6. In En glish literature, the Restorati on period is traditi on ally called7. In political affairs, ____ was quite changeable in attitude.8. In his “A Essay of Dramatic Poesy” __ __ s howed his famous appreciation ofShakespeare.9. Dryden wrote about 27 plays. The famous one is ______ , a tragedy dealing withthe same story as Shakespeare ' s Antony and Cleopatra.10. The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of JohnMilt on, in the prose writi ng of Joh n Bunyan, and in the plays and literary criticism of .11. Paradise Lost is one of Milt on ' s _______ .12. Sata n is the hero in Milt on ' s masterpiece __________ .13. Paradise Lost took its material from _____ .14. The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, gen erally speak ing, by in content andfan tasticality in form.15. ______ was the forerunner of the En glish classical school of literature in the 18cen tury.16. Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost embody Milton ' s belief in the powers of _____17. The Pilgrim ' s Progress is a religious allegory and is another writing feature.18. In the second half of the 17 century we may hear the voices of the privatecitize ns by letters and ____ .Key to the blanks:1. (John Bunyan)2. (Puritan)3. (The Pilgrim ' s Progress)4. (John Bunyan ' s)5. (John Dryden)6. (Dryden)7. (John Dryden)8. (John Dryden)9. (All for Love)10. (John Dryden)11. (epics)12. (Paradise Lost)13. (mysticism)14. (the Bible)15. (Dryden)16. (man)17. (symbolism)18. (diaries)III. Say true or false.1. The major parliamentary clashes of the early 17th century were over land own ership.2. After the victory of the English Revolution, the movement of the Diggers broke out. The leader ofthis revolt is Wat Tyler.3. With the establishment of the bourgeois dictatorship, Charles II became the Protector of the English Com mon wealth.4. The spirit of unity and the feeling of patriotism ended with the reign of James I, and En gla nd wasthe n conv ulsed (shook, quivered) with the con flict betwee n the two an tag oni stic camps, the Royalists and the Purita ns.5. In 1644, James I was sentenced to death and Cromwell became the leader of the coun try.6. English literature of the 17th century witnessed a flourish on the whole.7. The Revolution Period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, WilliamShakespeare.8. The Revoluti on Period is also called Age of Milt on because it produced a great poet whole n ameis William Milt on.9. The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama.10. Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was the greatest one.11. Joh n Milt on towers over his age as Byro n towers over the Elizabetha n Age, and as Chaucertowers over the Medieval Period.12.0 n his first wife ' death, Milt on wrote his on ly love poem, a sonn et, on His Deceased Wife.13. The greatest epic produced by Milt on, Paradise Lose, is writte n in heroic couplets.14. The poem of Sams on Agon istes was “ to justify the ways of God to man ”，i.e. toadvocate submissi on to the Almighty.15. It has been noticed by many critics that the picture of Satan surrounded by his an gels who n everthink of express ing any opinions of their own, resembles the court of an absolute mon arch.16. Izaak Waton ' s The Compleat Angler becomes a “ Piscatorial classic ” .17. Thomas Browne' s Religia Medici is a collection of opinions on a vast number of subjects more orless conn ected with religio n.IV. Questions1. What are the writing features ofThe Pilgrim s Progress?2. Comment on the image of Satan.3. Comme nt on Sams on.Key to True/False statements:1. F (ownership: monopolies)2. F (Wat Tyler: Gerald Winstanley)3. F (Charles II: Oliver Cromwell)4. F (Do nne: Milt on)5. F (James I: Charles I)6. F (flourish: decline)7. T (William Shakespeare)8. F (William: John)9. F (drama: poetry) 10. F (James I: Elizabeth I)11. F (Byron: Shakespeare)12. F (first: seco nd)13. F (heroic couplets: blank verse)14. F (Satan: God)15. F (Samson Agonistes: Paradise Lost)16. T17. TPart Four The English CenturyI . Match the works and the characters. (3 points)A B1.( )Tome Jones a. Friday2.( )The Vicar of Wakefield b. King of Brodingnag3.( )Robinson Crusoe c. Sophia4.( )Gulliver ' s Travels d. Mr. B5.( )Pamela e. William Thornhill6.( )The School for Scan dal f. Charles SurfaceThe key: (1 —c, 2—e, 3—a, 4 —b, 5—d, 6—f )n . Choose the right answer.1. In 1701, Steele published a pamphlet, ______ , in which he first displayed hismoraliz ing spirit.A. The Fun eralB. The Lying LoverC. The Christian HeroD. The Ten der Husba nd2. Which is the most popular n ewspaper published by Steele?A. The TatlerB. The SpectatorC. The TheatreD. The En glish3. ___ is Addis onb great tragedy.A. A Letter from ItalyB. Rosam ondC. The Campaig nD. Cato4. Which of the followi ng is not the hero in The Spectato?A. Isaac BickerstaffB. Mr. RogerC. Capta in SentryD. Andrew Freeport5. were looked upon as the model of En glish compositi on by British authors all through the 18century.A. Jeremy Taylors Holy Livi ngB. Thomas Brow ne's Religio MeidicC. Samuel Pepyss diariesD. Addis on's Spectator essays6. The most importa nt classicist in the En lighte nment Moveme nt is __ .A. SteeleB. Addis onC. PopeD. Dryde n7. The masterpiece of Alexa nder Pope is ___ .A. Essay on CriticismB. The Rape of the LockC. Essay on ManD. The Dun ciad8. Essay on Manis a ____ poem in heroic couplets.A. didacticB. satiricalC. philosophicalD. dramatic9. ___ was an in tellectual moveme nt in the first half of the 1$ cen tury.A. The En closure Moveme ntB. The In dustrial Revolutio nC. The Religious ReformD. The En lighte nment10. The literature of the Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the ________readers.A. aristocraticB. middle classC. low classD. i ntellectual11. ___ i s a great classicist but his satire is not always just.A. SteeleB. Milt onC. Addis onD. Pope。

第3章英国文艺复兴时期文学1. How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key: The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning 1558-1603), who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics. It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state. In 1588 the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over the world, including America and other distant countries. They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2. What does the word “Renaissance” mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period?Key: Renaissance is a French wor d, meaning “rebirth” or “revival”, and in this particular context, it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England, at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the 15th and 16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science. Theyfollowed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began in the 14th century in Italy and later spread to France, Spain, Holland and other western European countries. This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3. Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key: Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) was the most prominent humanist of this period, and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession. He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in 1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp, who has seen a place called Utopia, or “Land of Nowhere”, where communism is adopted as the social system, education is offered to all people, including women, and religious differences are tolerated. It presents Mo re’s ideal of the best possible government form. And since then the word “Utopia” has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach.4. Name Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key: Spenser’s major litera ry work is The Faerie Queene.(1) It is an allegorical romance in verse. According to his plan, there should be 12 books, each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen, Gloria, who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2) According to his contemporary thought, the virtuous man knows how to govern himself, and thus is qualified to govern others.(3) In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4) But Spenser only managed to finish six books, in which the six virtues of Truth, Temperance, Friendship, Justice, Chastity, and Courtesy are presented.5. Name more writers (poets and playwrights) of this period and tell what you know about them.Key: (List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6. What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key: Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works, which have become great wealth of human being.7. Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare? Discuss one of his plays. Key: Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, written in blank verse, is Marlowe’s masterpiece. The story is taken from a medieval German legend, but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’ pursuits. Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge (theology, philosophy, medicine and law), heturns to magic to seek the supernatural. Finally he succeeds in raising Mephistophilis, the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him, by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court, marrying Helen of Greece, and so on. And in exchange for all these services done for him, he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil. He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis. But, he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power, as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority. Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction, his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8. What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution? And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key: “Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare. (1) Jonson’s theory of “humours” reduces his characters to types, who represent greed, vanity, falsehood, etc. They are flat, one-sided and have no development. Unlike him, Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations. (2) Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters, strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic, while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of theaudience, and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by his predecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature. However, Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare, and as a good playwright and a learned man himself, he also admired his rival.。

简明英国文学史问题及答案Quiz (1)1.The first settlers of the British Isles were Celt, and Britain got its name from a branch of thispeople called Briton. But later they were driven to live in Scotland, Wales and Ireland.不列颠群岛的第一批定居者是凯尔特人，Britain的叫法则就是来源于他们的一个叫做Briton（不列颠人）的分支。

但后来他们被驱赶到苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰居住。

2.The Angles, Saxons and Jutes were Germanic tribes originally living on the Continent. Theymoved to the British Isles and became the ancestors of the English people.盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人是最初居住在大陆的日耳曼部落。

他们搬到不列颠群岛，成为英国人的祖先。

3.The most important event of the Old English Period was Norman Conquest, which tookplace in the year 1066.古英语时期最重要的事件是1006年发生的诺尔曼征服。

4.The Roman Catholic Church sent St. Augustine to England in 597 to convert the Englishpeople to Catholicism.罗马天主教会于597年将圣奥古斯丁派遣到英格兰，使英国人皈依天主教。

/doc/f77344205.htmltwo poems of this period apart from Beowulf: Widsith, and The Seafarer.请列出这段时期的除了《贝奥武夫》两首诗：Widsith(威德西斯)和The Seafarer(水手) 6.Beowulf is an epic of Alliterative lines, andit tells the events that took place on theContinent before they moved to the British Isles.贝奥武甫（Beowulf）是一首头韵体裁的史诗，它讲述了在大陆迁移到不列颠群岛之前发生的事件。

第15章维多利亚时期小说家1.Choose to discuss one of Dickens’novels.Key:A Tale of Two Cities is a novel telling about individual destinies in a gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.The two cities referred in the title are Paris and London and the main characters shuttle between the two cities with the former as the center of all conflicts and dangers whereas the latter as the stronghold of safety and the final retreat of the victims of revolution. Unlike his other novels,this one adopts the basic tone of a romantic tale.This novel has always been well received mostly for its thrilling story and the dramatic depiction of characters.It is also good material for films and TV shows. In it we see clearly Dickens’profound sympathy for the exploited and oppressed French peasant class and the persecuted Doctor Manette.Besides the horrible rape and killing and the kidnapping of the innocent doctor to bury his whole life in prison,Dickens’strong accusation of the dissipated and cruel French aristocratic class is also shown in the famous episode of the marquis’carriage dashing through the small town and running over a poor child.Without even stopping,he throws a handful of coins out of the carriage and then orders the carriage to dash ahead,leaving the poor father howling with the dead boy in his arms.Although Dickens’sympathy is with the down-trodden French people,his attitude toward French Revolution is critical.In the novel,he depicts therevolutionary people of Paris as mobs who,guided by hatred,persecute and kill many people indiscriminately.They are described as mad with their intense desire of revenge.Madam Defarge is shown to sit in their inn knitting all day before the revolution.What she knits into the shawl is the names of those who will be sent to the guillotine as soon as they rise up to power.In the end,when trying to kill Darnay’s wife Lucie and their child,this mad woman is shot to death by Lucie’s old nurse in a very comic way.Dickens is not at all alone in abhorring the terror of the mobs after the French Revolution.Some critics criticise him for vilifying revolutionary masses as mad avengers like Madam Defarge.But we can defend him with his equal exposure and criticism in the novel of the cruelty of the French aristocracy.Dickens is, therefore,fully shown as a humanitarian writer advocating moderate reforms to better the society.2.Analyse Vanity Fair to show Thackeray’s thematic emphasis and novelistic style. Key:The sub-title of the book,“A Novel Without a Hero”emphasizes the fact that the writer’s intention was not to portray individuals,but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.In Vanity Fair,Thackeray has produced a gallery of characters from different strata of the English bourgeois and aristocratic circles.Except for Amelia and Dobbin,all the others are negative in one way or another with Rebecca Sharp topping all in her unscrupulous maneuvers and greed.She has become a classicimage in English literature as well as in life to represent that category of people. However,she is also a victim of that vanity-fair kind of social life.Although his depiction of the positive character Amelia is comparatively weaker,Thackeray’s satirical power and depth in this masterpiece are universally acknowledged not only in his contemporary time,but for always.3.Discuss the romantic elements in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights.Key:In Jane Eyre,the story is romantic in nature with realistic reflections of Victorian values and social problems.In recent years,critics are paying more attention to its natural images and fairy-tale sub-structures and its references to the Bible and other literary works,which is the element of inter-textuality shown in it.For instance,Jane’s marriage to Rochester,a wealthy man from a higher class,is suggestive of the fairy tale Cinderella.Starting from Jane’s Thornfield life till the end,the novel turns from realistic exposure of the Victorian society to a romantic love affair in an almost secluded country place where strong passion, hidden secret and even Gothic settings and unexpected turns of events replace the cruel but sober reality of life in the first part.Wuthering Heights tells a story of class persecution and revenge.Love in the novel is tragic,morbid and devastating.However,in some critics’mind, Wuthering Heights resembles one of the Gothic romances of the latter part of the 18th century,with its atmosphere of horror on the lonely moor remote from the outside world,and its melodramatic effects and fantastic motifs.ment on George Eliot and her novel Middlemarch.Key:George Eliot was a talented and diligent writer.She was plain,worked hard for accomplishment to win love from her family and friends.She was brave enough to pursue her true love with a married man.She had her own selfhood. Middlemarch is regarded as Eliot’s masterpiece.It is a multi-dimensioned presentation of the provincial life in a small town called Middlemarch.There are two main plot lines:one with Dorothea Brooke’s growth,her marriage and remarriage as its central story,and the other with Doctor Lydgate’s pursuit of his professional ambition and the shattering of his dreams by his wrong marriage and the small town politics.Dorothea is Eliot’s portrait of an honest and courageous woman,who is always sincere and sympathetic toward others and has a strong sense of duty where family,friends and society are concerned.Although she is too idealistic and simple at the start,and makes quite a number of mistakes in her judgment and choice of life,her noble heart and character strength guarantee that she takes lessons from her mistakes and goes on courageously to face life.Eliot describes her musical voice,which shows her as possessing feelings and passions, but at first she is blind to her own nature and obsessed entirely with her intellectual pursuit.But in her second marriage she is able to correct her own mistake.In choosing Ladislaw,an easygoing artist who does not pretend to be authority in any field,she lets her feelings take control.She is Eliot’s ideal ofwhat we should be,that is,a person with all the basic good qualities who develops and matures through life and whose noble and benevolent heart brings good to the community.。

第7章德莱顿与班扬1.Choose either Absalom and Achitophel or Mac Flecknoe and analyse it to show Dryden’s satirical power.Key:Mac Flecknoe is a parody of the heroic epic poem,a satire on Thomas Shadwell(c.1642-1692)who had had a number of different political,religious and literary views from Dryden’s and had openly criticised Dryden’s drama pieces as an abuse to the tradition handed down by Ben Jonson.The two were not on good terms for years.In this poem Dryden makes use of Richard Flecknoe(?-1678),an Irish poet and dramatist whom Dryden despised as dull and unaccomplished.The title “Mac Flecknoe”means“son of Flecknoe”,and the poem describes the coronation ceremony of Shadwell to succeed to the throne of his father Flecknoe to be the poorest and most dull poet of all times.The coronation parade passes through a very small area,which is to be the scope of the kingdom of Mac Flecknoe and all the guests attending the ceremony are cheating publishers and swindlers.Twelve owls fly overhead,which is a mock parody of the earliest Roman rulers who had12hawks to guide them to the site where they built up Rome. After the parade comes to an end,Flecknoe speaks to praise his small reign, boasts of his power,and wishes his son to do better than he.2.Why is Dryden called“Father of English Literary Criticism”?What are hisliterary views presented in Of Dramatick Poesie?Key:Dryden shows a certain preference for the English drama and a patriotic enthusiasm in defending the innovative achievements of English playwrights.He has shown foresight and good taste in his evaluation.Therefore,he is called “Father of English Literary Criticism”by Samuel Johnson.Of Dramatick Poesie(1668)is written in dialogues.On the day when celebrating the defeat of the Dutch on the sea by the English navy,four poets sailed on the Thames and discussed the comparative merits of English and French drama,as well as the merits of the old and new English drama.At first Dryden lets the characters emphasize the importance of following the Neoclassical model of French dramatists.But soon Neander,one charecter shows his partiality toward English drama,praising Shakespeare,Ben Jonson and some other English playwrights,and defends Dryden’s own heroic plays in which he adopts rhymed verse and mixing tragedy with comedy.He approves the breaking up of the ancient rules of three unities,and in this way he actually negates the principles held up by the French Neoclassicists.3.What kind of a writer is John Bunyan?Key:John Bunyan was born in a pious Puritan family.He received a little education at the local primary school.In1644his father died and his mother remarried not long afterward.Left by himself,he joined the Parliamentary Army at16to fight for the Puritan cause.Upon returning home,Bunyan took up thebusiness of a tinker and spent a lot of time reading the Bible.In1648,Bunyan married.His wife brought him two books:Plain Man’s Pathway to Heaven and Practice of Piety.They,together with the Bible and the Prayer Book formed the source of Bunyan’s learning and thought.Bunyan was a staunch Puritan.He fought resolutely for his belief and his Christian ideals,in which there was a strong humanistic spirit besides the religious doctrines.In the character Christian in The Pilgrim’s Progress,Bunyan praises the optimistic fighting spirit and the unyielding attitude in one’s pursuit of high goals.4.Discuss as well as you can The Pilgrim’s Progress.Key:Bunyan’s immortal work The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory.It tells a believer’s journey,or rather spiritual journey from this world to Heaven. One day,the writer falls asleep in the open and he has a dream.In the dream he sees a man named Christian standing in the field.There is a heavy bag(his sin)on his back and he is reading a book(the Bible),in which he learns that soon great disasters will befall the city he is living in.The city is called the City of Destruction (the Earth).He appeals to Heaven as to what he should do.At this time an evangelist comes and tells him to leave his home and embark on a journey to the Celestial City(Heaven).Christian goes home and tries to persuade his family members and neighbors to leave with him,but fails.He goes on this journey alone.On the way to the Celestial City,Christian meets with lots of difficulties anddangers.Finally,they see a high hill and angels are waiting for them at the gate of Heaven.Bunyan lived in a very turbulent era.Through Christian’s experiences and mental struggles,Bunyan discusses everyday problems and concerns of his contemporaries in simple and eloquent prose.This explains the extreme popularity it has since enjoyed.In the character Christian,Bunyan praises the optimistic fighting spirit and the unyielding attitude in one’s pursuit of high goals.It is not strange that The Pilgrim’s Progress became a book owned by almost every family in England for two following centuries,a record perhaps only next to the Bible itself.Quiz:I.Choose one correct answer from the four offers given after each of the following sentences or questions:(15%)1.Who was the leader of the Puritan Revolution of England?A.John LilburneB.Oliver CromwelltonD.Charles IIKey:B2.Who was executed as the enemy of the English people after the victory of theBourgeois Revolution?A.James IIB.Queen ElizabethC.Charles IID.Charles IKey:D3.The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of_____.A.1660B.1688C.1642D.1649Key:B4.The Bible was translated under the reign of_____and published in_____.A.King James I,1611B.King Charles I,1625C.King James II,1688D.King Charles II,1660Key:A5.In the early17th century there was a group of court poets represented by JohnSuckling,Robert Herrick,etc.who were called_____.A.metaphysical poetsB.cavalier poetsC.satirical poetsD.lyrical poetsKey:Bton’s poem Lycidas is a(n)_____and his Paradise Lost is writ in_____.A.epic,heroic coupletB.pastoral poem,sonnetC.lyrical poem,rhymed verseD.elegy,blank verseKey:D7.Metaphysical poets are noted for their use of_____.A.blank verseB.conceitsC.alliterationD.typographyKey:B8.In the Restoration Period,drama revived mainly because_____.。

第11章华兹华斯与柯勒律治l. What was the historical situation that nurtured the English Romanticism? Key: The end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century witnessed profound and gigantic social changes in England. (1)With the development of Capitalism, a new proletarian class also gradually came into being. The working people lived in poverty, exploited mercilessly by the capitalists, and class conflicts thus aggravated to an unprecedented degree.(2)Besides domestic contradictions, England’s relationships in the last phase of the 18th century with Ireland, Scotland and her colonies in North America also became critical. (3)In the first half of the 19th century, Britain had to constantly adjust her home and foreign policies and to carry out reforms to solve one crisis after another, in the process of which a strong industrial and imperialist country was gradually consolidated. English Romanticism rose among all the social conflicts and at first was very much inspired by the French Revolution.2. Who are the representatives of English Romantic Poetry? And how are they generally grouped?Key: The representatives of English Romantic Poetry include William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats.In the literary world of the Western countries a usual way of dividing these romantic poets is to categorize Wordsworth and Coleridge as Passive Romanticists who withdrew from the upheavals of the outside world to dwell in the quiet Lake District of England, and they are also called the Lake School or the Lake Poets. Byron and Shelley are categorized as representatives of the Active Romanticists, who engaged themselves more directly in the struggles and revolutions both at home and abroad.3. Say what you know about Wordsworth’s life and his ideas about poetry. Key: William Wordsworth was born in a small village located on the edge of the Lake District of England. He received formal schooling from a neighbouring infants’ school, and then moved to grammar school in the town Hawkshead. His days spent in this school were very important to him. It was during this period that he not only did serious studies, but also came across a broad range of literature. In 1787 Wordsworth was admitted to Cambridge and attended St. John’s College there. He finished the program and received his B.A. degree in 1791. It was during his study at Cambridge that he started the habit of taking long walks through the country, and in the summer of 1790, accompanied by a friend he even took a walking tour through France, Switzerland and Italy.Wordsworth was very sympathetic with the cause of the French Revolution. Soon the indiscriminate killings of the French Revolution spread terrors all over Europe, and Wordsworth’s attitude toward this revolution changed to a rathernegative one.Wordsworth got married in October of 1802 with Mary Hutchinson, his old schoolmate and long-time friend, and he had 5 children by her.His friendship with Coleridge was terminated in 1810, for which neither of them was truly to blame. And then came the years of his low productivity. He lived the rest of his life in solitude, enjoyed the care and attention of his sister and his wife, but did not stop receiving visitors. In 1812 he went to London and became reconciled with Coleridge. Starting from 1814 he took a number of tours with his family and friends and in 1839 Oxford University conferred a honorary degree on him. In 1843 he succeeded Robert Southey as poet laureate of England. After seven years of laureateship, Wordsworth died in 1850.Wordsworth held that poetry “is the spontaneous overflow of powerful fe elings…”.4. Choose two of Wordsworth’s poems and analyse them with your own perceptions.Key: “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, written in 1804, describes the poet’s own experience based on his recollection in tranquility. In the poem Wordsworth sings of the harmony between things in nature and the harmony between nature and the poet himself. It is written in iambic tetrameter, with the rhyme scheme of “ababcc” in each stanza.“Michael” is a pastoral poem, but this 19th-century pastoral is the oppositeof the pastoral in the traditional English or Greek sense. The poet here presents not the false happy Arcadian pictures of shepherds and shepherdesses, but a sad story of a real shepherd Michael of the Lake District whose peaceful and stable life is destroyed by the encroachment of capitalist development of economy. Of all the poems of solitary people, “Michael” is the one with the greatest dignity. Michael loses with noble forbearance, and the poem is a protest against the city as symbol of evil, the place that ruins his son Luke, and consequently ruins his whole family and heritage.5. Give an account of Coleridge’s life and his literary achievements.Key: Samuel Taylor Coleridge was the son of a country vicar. He was precocious and started reading when only 3 years of age. In early childhood he had read the Bible, Robinson Crusoe and many other books. After his father died, Coleridge was sent to a charity school in London and studied there for 8 years. Then he went to the Jesus College of Cambridge, but in 1794 he ran away from a debt he could not pay. He joined the army and served in a regiment for only 4 months. His brother discovered him and took him back to Cambridge. Before the year drew to its end, Coleridge left school again and for good without taking a degree.In 1795 Coleridge came to know Wordsworth and saw in the latter the best poet of the age. In the planning of Lyrical Ballads, their friendship deepened. In 1798 they went to Germany together and Coleridge stayed to study German literature and philosophy. He kept in close contact with Wordsworth and wrotehis best poems during this period.Coleridge was also a literary critic, good at giving lectures. He was the first critic of the Romantic school. Coleridge was a highly gifted man but a great dreamer. He became an opium-eater owing to some neurotic pain. As with Wordsworth, he became more and more conservative as years went on.His major works include “The Rime of the A ncient Mariner”, “Kubla Khan”, “Christabel” and Biographia Literaria, etc.6. Tell the story of “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and try to analyse its romantic features.Key: The story goes like this: An old sailor stopped one of the three men on their way to a wedding. He then related a sea adventure of his, which is filled with horror. He said that when the ship he was on board approached the South Pole, a white albatross came through the snow-fog to perch on the rigging. The old mariner was impulsive and killed it without any reason. This brought a great misfortune to the crew, who died one after another of thirst as punishment of the old sailor’s random cruelty. The spell was lifted only after he repented and the ship was finally driven back to England.Although it is supernatural in content, Coleridge succeeds in giving it a sense of reality with the details of sea life and sailing such as the description of the immensity of the sea, its fresh breath, seething foam, the horrible snow- fog, the blood-red sun, the helpless tossing of the sailors dying of starvation and thirstand its horrible atmosphere…all of these, at the same time, show the romantic features of this work.。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】（3-4章）【圣才出品】第3部分17世纪英国文学（1616-1688）一、填空题1.“With its hero traveling into different places with different companions the story discusses the features of each stage of human life.”（武汉大学2010研）Answer:“_____”by_____【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress;John Bunyan2.John Donne and his followers wrote what would later be called_____—complex highly intellectual verse filled with metaphors.（南开大学2008研；南开大学2007研）【答案】Metaphysical poetry【解析】约翰·多恩是英国十七世纪玄学派诗人，玄学派诗歌以奇特的意象和独具匠心的暗喻著称。

3.John Bunyan,a village tinker,with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work_____written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.（天津外国语2010研）【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】约翰·班扬的代表作《天路历程》被誉为“英国文学中最著名的寓言”。

4.The main part of the title of the novel Vanity Fair,or A Novel without A Hero istaken from the English writer_____’s work_____.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】John Bunyan;The Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】《名利场》是萨克雷的代表作，该书名字来自于班扬的《天路历程》。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）I. Fill in the blanks1. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利?菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2. _____ is generally considered to be Chauce r’s masterpiece.【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》被公认为是乔叟的代表作。

3. John Bunyan, a village tinker, with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work _____ written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】约翰·班扬的代表作《天路历程》被誉为“英国文学中最著名的寓言”。

4. Heathcliff and Catherine are characters in _____ written by _____.【答案】Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront?【解析】Heathcliff和Catherine是英国小说家Emily Bront?小说《呼啸山庄》中的人物。

5. Pip is a character in _____.【答案】Great Expectations【解析】Pip是英国作家Charles Dickens的小说《远大前程》中的主角。

五、简答题1.Please interpret Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park with“education”as a central concern.（北航2015研）Key:Like other Austen novels,this one is concerned with a young woman striving to find her place in society through individual development.Fanny comes from a poor family but is being raised by her rich aunt and uncle.Fanny has to determine her status by marrying,but only based on her character.The novel explores the issue about whether“nature”—one’s innate qualities—or“nurture”—the environment in which one is raised—is the primary determinant of character. Fanny’s virtue and her cousins,Mary and Henry Crawford’s vice seem to suggest that city life promotes vice and inhibits one’s moral development,while growing up in a country house exposes a child to all that is good.Virtue is finally rewarded in this world,and it is the primary determinant of an individual’s eventual fate.2.Based on“Death of the Laird’s Jock”and“The Tapestried Chamber”, discuss Sir Walter Scott’s art of short story structuring,paying special attention to how the way the story is told heightens the effect of the story.（武汉大学2011研）Key:Sir Walter Scott’s short story is romantic in imagination and his special short story structuring contributes a lot to the mysterious atmosphere of the story.In both“Death of the Laird’s Jock”and“The Tapestried Chamber”,SirWalter Scott tells his story in a narrative style.At first he gives all the background information of the story,which gives the story a general historical setting.And next,through some clues,he tells the strange phenomenon in the story for the reader to imagine,which adds the mysterious atmosphere to the story.Then,Sir Walter Scott tries to reveal the answer through the story itself and finally,he gives his own opinions of the story.3.Describe and make a comment on the following character in about50words: Emma Woodhouse(from Emma).（厦门大学2012研）Key:Emma Woodhouse is a beautiful girl of a rich family.She is happy,clever,and headstrong and is inordinately fond of matchmaking.But she herself is oblivious to the question of whom she might marry.Through this comedy of sentimental education,she discovers a capacity for love and marriage.4.Summarize Puritans’beliefs.（北航2011研）Key:The Puritans are seen as a society of prudish and extremely strict Christians who possess rigid orthodox and disciplined rules and beliefs,and live their lives according to the Holy Bible.The puritans believe in leading a simple and plain life, according to the most supreme scriptures of God,the Bible.They believe that their destinies are predetermined by God in terms of the soul that will be saved. They also believe that reading the Bible is the only way to reach the true salvation. Original sin,total depravity,and limited atonement,from God’s grace are theirbeliefs,too.5.What historical events combined to bring about the European Renaissance? Which word best sums up the values and ideals of the European Renaissance?（西安交大2008研）Key:(1)European Renaissance was stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture,the new discovery in geography and astronomy,the religious reformation and the economic expansion.(2)Humanism best sums up the values and ideals of the European Renaissance.European Renaissance is a historical period in which humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas.By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of present life,the humanists voiced the assertion of the greatness of man,which was the cornerstone of the Renaissance philosophy.6.How many books does Paradise Lost consist of?Who are the four main characters in the epic,and what are the respective relations between them?（人大2006研）Key:Paradise Lost consists of ten books,the main characters in which are Satan, God,Adam and Eve.Satan and God are enemies.Adam and Eve are the first man and woman made by God.But seduced by Satan,they ate the fruits on the tree ofthe knowledge of good and evil,which annoyed God,finally were banished from the Garden of Eden.7.Please explain the theme of reconciliation in William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest;please also show your understanding of the development of Shakespeare’s thoughts by comparing this play with Hamlet.（北航2015研）Key:An examination of the major character Prospero can show that there is little true forgiveness and reconciliation.After years of banishment,Prospero finally seizes the opportunity to revenge on his brother,who usurped his throne,by putting the men through the agony of false death of Prince ter it is Ariel’s plea that convinces Prospero to end their misery.Prospero feels free to forgive those who sinned against him only after he has emerged triumphant and has seen the men,now mournful and"penitent",pay for their transgressions. Alonso’s brief and conciliatory“pardon me”is reluctant and perfunctory.And there is clearly no reconciliation amongst Prospero,Sebastian,and Antonio. Shakespeare’s thoughts of revenge seem to be more temperate here compared with Hamlet in terms of the ending.8.Why is Alexander Pope known as representative of the Enlightenment?（国际关系学院2007研）Key:Alexander Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism into England. He believed in the necessity of universal education,especially that of socialmorality,classic culture and scientific knowledge.He also assumed the role of champion of traditional civilization:of reason,classical learning,sound art,good taste and public virtue,and undertook it as his duty to“correct”and enlighten people through his poetry.His“Essay on Man”is an important work of enlightenment.9.In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver in Shelly’s Ode to the West Wind?（南京大学2007研）Key:The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth,in the sky and on the sea,and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind,and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among humankind.The west wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation.It drives the last signs of life from the trees. It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere,and it scatters the seeds which will come to life in the spring.The west wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide.10.Please comment on T.S.Eliot’s poem“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”, concerning both its themes and its style.（北航2015研）Key:The poem is an examination of the tortured psyche of the prototypical modern man—overeducated,eloquent,neurotic,and emotionally stilted.Prufrock,the poem’s speaker,seems to be addressing a potential lover,withwhom he would like to“force the moment to its crisis”by somehow consummating their relationship.But Prufrock knows too much of life to “dare”an approach to the woman.The poem is a variation on the dramatic monologue,a type of poem popular with Eliot’s predecessors.Eliot modernizes the form by removing the implied listeners and focusing on Prufrock’s interiority and isolation.The epigraph to this poem,from Dante’s Inferno,describes Prufrock’s ideal listener:one who is as lost as the speaker and will never betray to the world the content of Prufrock’s present confessions.11.Describe and make a comment on the following characters in about50words:Pip(from:Great Expectations)（厦门大学2011研）Key:Pip(Philip),an orphan and the protagonist of Great Expectations, throughout his childhood,have thought that he is going to be trained as a blacksmith,but with Magwith’s anonymous patronage,Pip travels to London and tries to learn to be a gentleman.Pip is a confused character constantly seeking his own identity,but he seems never to understand who he is or where he is going in life.The different stages of childhood,adolescence,and adulthood are important factors in this story.Growing from a young boy into adulthood,Pip develops into an adult who is more understanding of others and develops his own identity.。

Jane Austen, a woman novelist who chose to be the to represent the limited scope of the English countryside and the realistic life of Middle-class families there. It has always been difficult to fit Austen to the picture of the time in which she lived. Sometimes she was introduced together with the novelists of the 18th century, but more often she was treated as a unique novelist of the early 19th century who did not belong to the dominant Romantic trend.P209__P214Her life and literary careerJane Austen (1775-1817) was the daughter of a clergyman in Hampshire. We know little about her life except for the following simple facts: a) she was the sixth child and received her education mainly from her father; b) she remained single all her life, but was surrounded by a very lively and affectionate family environment; c) she started writing in her mid-teens and try to keep what she wrote as a secret for quite a long time. The family moved to Bath in 1801, and after her father passed away, they moved further to Southampton 1806, and finally back again to Hampshire where she died of Addison’s disease.Austen read widely by herself novels by Fielding, Richardson, Sterne, Fanny Burney, and many others, and poetry by Cowper, Scott, etc. In her novels we notice obvious traces of Fielding’s and Richardson’s influence. From the former she developed the skills of presenting social pictures with humorous and sarcastic touches, and from the latter she takes the theme of women’s courtship and marriage. In 1811 she published her first novel sense and sensibility which has its predecessor in a juvenile sketch by her called“Elinor and Marianne”. Then she produced constantly: Pride and Prejudice in 1813, Mansfield Park in 1814, Emma in 1816, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion posthumously in 1818. She left behind her an unpublished novel The Watsons, which was started between Northanger Abbey and the revision of Sense and Sensibility. All her novel were well received. Sir Walter Scott wrote to praise her in Quarterly Review for her exquisite touches that make vivid and lively commonplace happenings and charters.Her major worksAusten’s are very limited in setting and subject matter. Her novels are mostly set in England’s local middle-class countryside with which she was very familiar, and the stories are alwayscentered around young girls’dilemma in love and marriage. Unlike her contemporary Romantics, she was not interested in things remote, or passionate, or of nation-wide significance, butt chose to write about her surrounding area, the various human types and daily life experience. She wins her status in English literary history with her accurate observation and vivid representation of this specific circle of people and their life. And her superb handling of the language, especially the dialogues, the intensity of feeling and the many dramatic scenes never fail to earn her admires over the years among critics and common readers alike. Although Northanger Abbey has been often noticed for Austen’s mimicking and ridicule of the Gothic novel and sentimentality and Sense and Sensibility reaps much of its fame from the Hollywood film production of the same name, when talking of Austen’s major novels we usually choose two, that is Pride and Prejudice and Emma.EmmaWhile Pride and Prejudice is no doubt Austen’ s most widely read and popular novel , Emma is considered by critical opinions to her masterpiece. It also deals with young ladies’seeking of proper husbands. The story tells how Emma. A pretty, clever,and\ a self-satisfied young lady, the only daughter of Mr. Woodhouse, wrongly judges people and situations around her and busily makes matches to meddle with her friends’ lives and how in the end, with the guidance of Mr. Knightley, a family friend who has social experience and a very rational mind, Emma sees the foolishness of her subjective maneuvers, matures and marries Mr. Knightley.Unlike her most novels, Emma’s plot lacks the dramatic turns and exciting actions. It is a satirical novel about social manners and its satire comes more from the description of protagonists’emotions since much of the novel is designed to achieve irony. It needs careful and repeated reading to relish the minute touches with which Austen exploits to the full the misunderstandings and the foibles of the people in a provincial community like Emma’s. For instance what Frank Churchill does and says most of the time carries double meanings for the reader who reads a second time. And similarly the reader will not easily sense the irony in Emma’s misinterpretation of Mr. Elton’s gallantry or Harriet’s crush on Mr. Knightley because the characters are too ceremonial in manners to speak directly. The plot can be divided into three parts. In Volume One Emma misjudges Mr. Elton and is blind to Mr. Elton’s feelings towardherself. Volume Two reveals how Emma misjudges her own feelings for Frank Churchill and gets over the illusion in a way less climatic than when she gets to know Mr. Elton’s intention to court her. Volume Three continues Emma’s self-deception about people and the ultimate realization of her own TRUE feelings for Mr. Knightley, which is the major climax of the novel. Emma’s story is therefore one of a girl’s journey toward self-knowledge through which she comes to terms with herself and her situation.In Emma, Austen demonstrates her superb skills in depicting a willful, somewhat spoiled and snobbish young lady and at the same time keeping the reader’s sympathy for her. She shows us that Emma has negative qualities, but is also honest and does wrong things out of good will. To achieve an absolute control of the reader’s reaction to Emma and what happens in the novel, Austen uses to points of view: her own point of view and that of the characters. To obtain the necessary ironic distance, she occasionally enters the point of view of the characters, but then Takeshi the reader back to her own. Such shifts in point of view can make the reader see things in terms of ironic satire. As for characterization, minor characters are mostly one-dimensional, such as Mr. Woodhouse, Mr. Knightley and Mr. Elton’s. But Miss Bates, the archetype of the boringnonstop talker, has one more dimension, that is her kind nature beneath all the superficial talking. She is capable of being hurt and forgiving. She has a driving need to express herself by talking. But there is never anything egocentric in her talk. She is the most characterization among the minor figures.Austen aims in Emma at disclosing man’s absurdities, and those minor and laughable characters of hers are so Commons seen around us. Beneath her satirical comedy is the real incongruities of social relationship and of our life. And her solution is to achieve a balance between common sense and kindness, and between rationality and imagination and emotion. After Emma’s stray from the correct road, she is pulled back to her proper place in the stable social world that is advocated by Austen.简明英国文学史/ 刘意青，刘炅著.——北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008.10（2012.6 重印）209~214。

第8章古典主义时期1.What are the essential features of Neoclassicism in the18th-century England? Key:(1)Glorious Revolution happened at the end of17th Century.With the firmly established political power of the middle class,capitalism flourished rapidly in England,especially after1769in which year James Watt(1736-1819)invented the steam engine.(2)To match the rapid development of economy,there emerged in Britain a number of great thinkers of social sciences.(3)London and many other cities soon became big metropolises and a working class was also being formed during the process.(4)People of the18th-century England attached great importance to Reason and joined in the great Enlightenment Movement.(5)However,when science and reason were promoted,religion felt threatened. the major Neoclassic representative writers of this period and introduce their major achievements.Key:The Age of Classicism,or rather of Neoclassicism,in English Literary History refers to the literary trend in the first half of the18th century.The new literature reached its peak with strong concentration and vigour,of which Alexander Pope was its central figure.Besides Pope,Swift was also its outstanding representative. The two writers are great masters of satire and poetry in heroic couplet,which are the most prominent achievements of English Neoclassicism.Pope’s major achievements lie in his representative works such as The Rapeof the Lock,On Literary Criticism,The Dunciad,An Essay on Man and Translations of Homer,etc.Jonathan Swift’s major works include The Battle of the Books(1704),A Tale of a Tub(1704),Bickerstaff Almanac(1708),Gulliver’s Travels(1726),The Drapier’s Letters(1726)and A Modest Proposal(1729),etc.ment on Pope’s literary contributions.Key:When Pope died in1744the Neoclassicism as a literary trend to represent the Enlightenment Movement in England had ebbed toward its end.But,as a great satirist and master of language and an ingenious poet who had brought the heroic couplet to its perfection,Alexander Pope has acquired an immortal place in the history of English literature.4.Analyse Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels.Key:Gulliver’s Travels is the work that has made Swift known all over the world, which is not a real novel in the modern sense,but rather a satirical allegory that tells improbable and fantastic events with the purpose of criticising his contemporary reality.The novel consists of Lemuel Gulliver’s four travels, arranged in4books.Gulliver was a physician,but could not earn enough money in London to support his family.Therefore,he found a doctor’s position on a ship to sail overseas.The first two travels,that is Gulliver’s adventures in Lilliput, the country of tiny men and Brobdingnag,the country of the giants,are the mostwidely-read parts of the book,and they are often adapted into reading material or cartoons for children and young readers.The third and fourth adventures are more philosophical and demanding and,as a result,they are less known to the general reading public,but are dearly liked by serious and mature readers.Gulliver’s Lilliput experience is aimed at criticising the English government and exposing the political and religious problems of England.In Book II,he introduces England proudly to the king of Brobdingnag,boasting about its law system,and the wars fought in the English history,and recommends weapons of all kinds to be very effective reigning tools to the Brobdingnag king,who is surprised by the cruelty and meanness of races like Gulliver’s.In both Books I and II,Swift displays to the full his rich imagination,by playing with the smallness of the Lilliputians and the giant figures of the Brobdingnag people against Gulliver and achieves many fantastically humourous and satirical effects.In the third and fourth books,Gulliver experiences even more unbelievable adventures.In the third one,that is Gulliver’s adventure in the country of the Flying Island,Swift fulfills the task set to him by the Scriblerus Club to expose and ridicule false learning,and he did so to a burlesque degree.For instance,people on the Flying Island do not know how to live a good and normal life.They are solely interested in mathematics and music.In consequence,they wear ill-fitting clothes decorated with music notes and geometry shapes.On land below,the scientists in the Academy of Lagado,a colony of the Flying Island,are all engaged in the most impossible experiments,such as to extract sunshine from cucumbers,to restore food from human excrement,and to build houses from top to the bottom.Through such bitter attacks on modern science Swift intended to ridicule all the false learning of his time.But,here we must notice that as a staunch Christian of the Church of England,Swift was also worried about the encroaching of science into the spiritual scope of human beings.He was trying at the same time to give warnings to those who are overly enthusiastic about the omnipotence of science at the expense of human love and humanistic spirit.In this book,he also criticises early imperialist ventures of England.The fourth book has been generally regarded as the most shocking of the four,because in it Swift describes men as so low and depraved that they are made to serve the horses.His last adventure brings Gulliver to the country of horses,or of the Houyhnhnms,and here he sees an animal of human shape called yahoo.The yahoos are filthy beasts of strong passion with hair covering a human body.Their masters are horses with good manners,clean living habits and absolute reason.They live in wood houses and eat hay,fruits,and vegetables.In contrast to the horse masters,yahoos are chained in a dirty yard when they are not doing any work of the beasts of burden.They eat rotten meat,dead mice and frog,sleep wallowing in the mud and often fall to fighting each other over the most trivial things.What is more,the yahoos are all fond of colored stones,which, if found by a yahoo,will be hidden like treasures,and yahoos all the time fight each other over the possession of them.Here,Swift is referring to those European imperialists who go overseas to plunder wealth of other countries.Thegray horse that Gulliver stays with points out the similarities of his guest to his yahoos,but because Gulliver is dressed,the horse master finally believes him to be different.Here,Swift makes Gulliver number to the horse master all the wars, cheatings,the dissipation of the life of the rich and the dire poverty of the poor, and tell all other sorts of ill maneuvers of the Europeans to the horse master.He boasts of his fellow human beings’crimes of plunder and killing,which shocks the horses to the extreme.By portraying human beings as depraved and disgusting yahoos and setting them against the noble horses that are guided by reason,Swift is launching the most severe attack on humanity and the European reality.But on the other hand,he is also criticising absolute reason represented by the cool-headed horses,who never have problems caused by love or passion.In the fourth book,Swift’s attack is,first of all,aimed at his fellow men who have fallen so low that Swift wants to use yahoos to shock them into realising their depravity.Because of this,for a long time,he is criticised as a misanthropist who hates human race to the point of eulogising the horses as their betters. However,on the other hand,by presenting Gulliver’s crazy worship of reason in the form of the horse in the most burlesque way,Swift is also criticising absolute reason.What he advocates is,man of Christian faith and benevolence.Such people can guide their own behaviour with Christian morals,and be free from selfish desires and passion on the one hand,but on the other hand they are by no means as cold and indifferent as absolute reason advocates. two important newspapers of the period and tell what you know about them.Key:The Tatler(1709-1711)and The Spectator(1711-1712)were two important newspapers of the period.At first,it was Steele who started The Tatler,coming out three issues a week to carry the domestic and foreign news,poetry and drama,and there were some special columns like“From My Own Apartment”,to which Swift made frequent contributions.Pretending to be a Mr.Isaac Bickerstaff whose comments on restoration plays were sharp literary criticism.There was also a main persona Mr. Tatler who discussed all kinds of social,political and literary topics with his readers.It was a newspaper very much in the satirical style of Swift and focused on the didactic aim of educating the populace.Due to Steele’s lack of subtlety, The Tatler on the whole was short of literary flavor and sometimes offended people,and thus its popularity gradually dwindled.In January1711,The Tatler had to terminate its publication.Two months later with Addison joining Steele The Spectator was born.It was a daily newspaper with only one essay per issue,all of which were almost totally written by Addison and Steele themselves,and Addison,rather than Steele, influenced both its style and the content.The main character Mr.Spectator discussed,for instance,what he had seen when traveling on the Continent, commenting on issues of a broad scale.Many of the articles were of an enlightening nature and thus met with the eager popular demand for knowledge。

英国文学参考试题和答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学中被称为“文学之父”的是哪位作家？A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 狄更斯答案：A2. 下列哪部作品是乔叟的代表作？A. 《坎特伯雷故事集》B. 《失乐园》C. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》D. 《格列佛游记》答案：A3. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧中不包括以下哪部作品？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《奥赛罗》C. 《麦克白》D. 《威尼斯商人》答案：D4. 英国浪漫主义文学的代表人物不包括以下哪位？A. 华兹华斯B. 柯勒律治C. 拜伦D. 狄更斯答案：D5. 以下哪部作品是简·奥斯汀的代表作？A. 《傲慢与偏见》B. 《呼啸山庄》C. 《简·爱》D. 《理智与情感》答案：A6. 英国现代主义文学的代表人物不包括以下哪位？A. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫B. 詹姆斯·乔伊斯C. 托马斯·哈代D. T.S. 艾略特答案：C7. 以下哪部作品是乔治·奥威尔的代表作？A. 《动物庄园》B. 《美丽新世界》C. 《1984》D. 《好兵之死》答案：C8. 以下哪位作家是“愤怒的青年”运动的代表人物？A. 阿兰·西利托B. 约翰·奥斯本C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 乔治·奥威尔答案：B9. 以下哪部作品是威廉·戈尔丁的代表作？A. 《蝇王》B. 《老人与海》C. 《荒原》D. 《好兵之死》答案：A10. 以下哪位作家是后现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 萨尔曼·鲁西迪B. 伊恩·麦克尤恩C. 多丽丝·莱辛D. 托马斯·哈代答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上第一部现实主义小说是________的作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》。

答案：丹尼尔·笛福2. 英国文学中“湖畔诗人”包括威廉·华兹华斯、________和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治。

第4章威廉·莎士比亚1.How is Shakespeare’s literary career usually divided and what are the main achievements of each period?Key:1.Shakespeare’s literary career is usually divided into three periods.In the first period(1590-1600),he created mainly history plays and comedies. Altogether22plays were written in this period,of which we should know at least five histories:Richard III(1592),Henry IV,Part I and Part II(1597),Henry V(1598) and Julius Caesar(1599);four comedies:A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream(1595), Much Ado about Nothing(1598),A s You Like It(1599)and The Twelfth Night (1600);one problem play:The Merchant of Venice(1596);and one tragedy: Romeo and Juliet(1594).The second period(1601-1608)is the one of great tragedies,namely Hamlet (1601),Othello(1604),Macbeth(1605)and King Lear(1605).In the last period(1609-1612),Shakespeare wrote four dramatic romances,of which The Winter’s Tale(1610)and The Tempest(1612)are better known to the world.2.Cite one or two of Shakespeare’s history plays and make some comments. Key:Among Shakespeare’s history plays,the most significant ones are Henry IV, Part I and Part II,which present the troubled time of the15th-century England.Richard II,vain,politically weak and blind,was unable to keep the rebelliouslords under control.HenryⅣthen usurped the power,murdered Richard in prison and suppressed the rebellion of the feudal lords.Shakespeare is critical to the kings.He does not evade the negative sides of their personalities.But there is one exception,which is Henry IV’s son,Prince Hal,later King Henry V.He is Shakespeare’s ideal of a perfect monarch,who led England in battles against France and won glory in the Hundred Years War.But in Henry IV,during the process of growing up,Prince Hal is shown as a loose young man,mixed himself with problematic people and spent lots of time in taverns with the fat knight John Falstaff.He even gets involved in a highway robbery of his rogue friends.What is more,he is imprisoned for striking the Lord Chief Justice,and as soon as he is released he goes to the Boar’s Head Tavern to seek the company of Falstaff.But when he succeeds to the throne after Henry IV dies,he immediately becomes a capable and wise king,turning his back to the dying Falstaff.Because of this inconsistency in Prince Hal’s characterisation,critics have been arguing about how to evaluate such sudden changes in behaviour,and whether Prince Hal is a hypocrite.Falstaff is one of the most successful dramatic figures created by Shakespeare.Many show sympathy for the rejected fat knight who dies in misery and poverty.However,Henry V is Shakespeare’s ideal king who embodies the patriotism of the English nation at the time.It is Henry V who defeated the French and brought glory to the country.Therefore,one way of explaining this,offered by critics,is as follows:as he is young,Hal must have been fascinated by the riotous life at first,but all the while he is studying the society,learning about thelowly people’s life,and gaining necessary experiences,which provide him with knowledge he needs later as a king.Also Prince Hal is shown with a talent for politics and very brave in battles.Thus,in Henry IV Shakespeare has depicted the growth of a powerful king who possesses all the qualities required by the throne but who has to go through a process of apprenticeship among the people to become finally fit for his royal duties.3.Give an example of the problem plays by Shakespeare and analyse it as well as you can.Key:The Merchant of Venice is an example of the problem plays by Shakespeare.(To analyze this play according to the textbook and some more materials from other sources.)4.Tell the story of Hamlet,and discuss why Hamlet delays in taking revenge. Key:Hamlet is the prince of Denmark and a student at the University of Wittenberg.At the beginning of the play,Hamlet’s father,King Hamlet,has recently died,and his mother,Queen Gertrude,has married the new king, Hamlet’s uncle Claudius.Hamlet is melancholy,bitter,cynical and full of hatred for his uncle and disgust at his mother for marrying him.When the ghost of Hamlet’s father appears and claims to have been murdered by Claudius,Hamlet becomes obsessed with avenging his father’s death.Mistakenly,he kills Polonius,father of Ophelia.Ophelia,lover of Hamlet,goes mad because of herfather’s death and then is drowned in a stream.This leads to Ophelia’s brother —Laertes’hatred for Hamlet.In the duel between Laertes and Hamlet,Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon,which is made by Claudius.Before his death,Hamlet stabs Claudius while the queen has drunk a poisoned cup of wine intended for Hamlet.Many critics have thought about the reasons for Hamlet’s delay in taking revenge and they got uncertain answers.Goethe raised the opinion that Hamlet’s delay shows that he is a humanist and a thinker,and that he is slow in action because he thinks profoundly and is very cautious,trying to do the right thing,which explains why he organises players to stage a show in the palace of exactly what the ghost says his brother has done to him,to see how Claudius reacts to it.Goethe’s interpretation has been accepted by many.In the20th century,with the new literary theories there appears a Freudian interpretation that sees in Hamlet’s delay an Oedipus ly, because Hamlet is sad and angry at his mother’s marriage to Claudius so soon, this critic comes to the conclusion that Hamlet harbours an Oedipal love for his mother and a hatred for his own father.So,unconsciously he also wants the death of his father and does not want to kill Claudius who has done something in his behalf.5.Do you think that King Lear is a powerful tragedy and why do you think so? Key:Yes,I think that King Lear is a powerful tragedy.Because that this play isthematically more universal than Hamlet.This tragedy depicts an aged king who believes in superficial words and is vain enough to judge rashly that the daughter who fails to say flatteries things does not love him.But the price he pays for his mistake is too heavy:he hands the country into the hands of villains,makes a mess of the state affairs which finally brings about war,and in the end he sacrifices his dear daughter’s life and his own.Family relationship between parents and children and old age problem are universal themes.But here they are demonstrated in royal family and thus the mistakes made in one’s old age bring frightening tragic outcomes.Because of the theme’s relevance to every one of us,the katharsis,that is the fear and awe caused by King Lear,is greater than Hamlet.This is perhaps the reason for this tragedy’s long-time popularity everywhere and its powerfulness.6.Choose to analyse one romance by Shakespeare.Key:The Winter’s Tale is one romance by Shakespeare.It is like a fairy tale telling how an over-suspicious and jealous husband wrongs his innocent wife and his own best friend as lovers,tries to murder his friend,who luckily escapes,and orders to put his queen in prison and leave her newly-born daughter on a desolate shore to die.Seeing his mother’s suffering,the young prince grieves to death and the queen also dies in prison soon.He finally realises his own rash mistakes and is in constant grief.However,the baby girl is saved and brought up by a shepherd.Sixteen years later she meets the son of the wronged friend,andthey fall in love.In fact,his wife is not dead.She is hidden by the wife of a faithful lord.So,the play closes at the point when the king is brought before a statue that looks exactly like his dead wife though aged and the statue walks down to acknowledge him.Then all becomes well,the royal family reunites and the young couple gets married.Like King Lear,this play shows how the wrong behavior of the royal father can bring great disaster to his family.But instead of causing all the good people to suffer and die,here no villains threaten the crown and the jealous king has faithful and kind lords in his court to protect the wronged queen.So the tragedy changes its course half way and all of them live happily ever after.QuizI.Fill in the blanks:(50%)1._____broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and established_____.Key:HenryⅧthe Church of England(the Anglican Church)2.It was_____and_____who introduced Italian sonnets into England.Key:Thomas WyattHenry Howard(Earl of Surrey)_____3.Thomas More’s famous line in Utopia that exposes the calamities of the。

二、选择题1.Which writer is also an important literary critic?（北二外2017研）A.Lord ByronB.Thomas MoreC.S.T.ColeridgeD.Jane Austen【答案】C【解析】塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge），英国诗人和评论家。

乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron），英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人。

托马斯·莫尔（St.Thomas More），欧洲早期空想社会主义学说的创始人，人文主义学者和政治家，以其名著《乌托邦》而名垂史册。

简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen），英国著名女性小说家。

故C项符合题意。

2.“Beauty is truth,truth beauty”is the leading principle of_____.（首师大2015研）A.WordsworthB.ShelleyC.KeatsD.Edgar Allan Poe【答案】C【解析】济慈的创作准则是“美即真，真即美”。

3.The works of Brontësisters are marked by strong_____elements.（四川大学2011研）A.realisticB.pragmaticC.romanticD.magical【答案】A【解析】Brontësisters是指英国现实主义女作家Charlotte Brontë，Anne Brontë和Emily Brontë。

其中以Charlotte Brontë的Jane Eyre（《简爱》）和Emily Brontë的Wuthering Height（《呼啸山庄》）最出名。

4.In the18th century English literature,the representative writer of neo-classicism is _____.（北二外2015研）A.PopeB.SwiftC.Defoeton【答案】A【解析】本题考查英国新古典主义的代表作家。

英国文学史习题全集(含答案)Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureⅠ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeatingEngland.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB.BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales5. William Langland’s ____ is written in the form of a dream vis ion.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. TheNormans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator ofthe Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. WycliffeD. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed,through which, we can see a picture of the life in the ____ England.A. primitiveB. feudalC. bourgeoisD. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revoltC. obedienceD. mockery10. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendaryoutlaw called _____.A. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” an d one of the greatest narrative poets ofEngland, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey13. Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his _____, a translation of the FrenchRoman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A.The Romaunt of the RoseB. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact onthe wide range of his writings. Which one is not his career? ____.A. engineerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio’spo em “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices： 1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAABⅡ. Questions1.What are the features of Beowulf?ment on the social significance and language in The Canterbury Tales.Part Two The English RenaissanceⅠ. Match the writer and his works.1.Thomas More2.Holinshed3.Hakluyt4.Richard Tottel5.Philip Sidney6.Walter Raleigh A.Apology for PoetryB.Miscellany of Songs and SonnetsC.UtopiaD.Discovery of GuianaE.Principal Navigations, Voyages and DiscoveriesF.ChroniclesThe key: (1—C 2—F 3—E 4—B 5—A 6—D)Ⅱ. Choose the best answer.1._____ founded the Tudor Dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type,which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.A. Henry VB. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. James I2.The first complete English Bible was translated by _______, “the morning star ofthe Reformation” and his followers.A. William TyndalB. James IC. John WycliffeD. Bishop Lancelot Andrews3.The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad.____ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interests of the English merchants.A. Henry V.B. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4.Except being a victory of England over ___, the rout of the fleet “Armada”(Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over thedeclining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Norway5.Those, both traders and pirates like ____, established the first English colonies.A. Francis DrakeB. Lancelot AndrewsC. William CaxtonD. William Tyndal6.____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.A. Ben JohnsonB. William ShakespeareC. Thomas MoreD. Christopher Marlowe7.The most gifted of the “university wits” was ____.A. LylyB. PeeleC. GreeneD. Marlowe8.Morality plays appeared after_____.A. miracle playsB. mystery playsC. interludeD. Classical plays9._____ is used to say and do good things.A. MercyB. FollyC. ViceD. Peace10._____is one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.A. Phillip SidneyB. Edmund SpenserC. Thomas MoreD. Walter Raleigh11._____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance.A. Thomas NorthB. Thomas WyattC. George ChapmanD. John Florio12.____ had supplied Shakespeare with the material for Julius Caesar.A.Lives of Greek and Roan Heroes《希腊罗马名人传》B.Miscellany of Songs and SonnetsC.Don QuixoteD.History of the World13.____ was one of the first to see the relation between wealth and poverty tounderstand that the rich were becoming richer by robbing the poor.A. John WycliffeB. William CaxtonC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. Thomas More14.Utopia was written in the form of _____.A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue15.One of the popular morality plays was ____.A. The ShepherdsB. EverymanC. The Play of the WeatherD. Gammer Gurton’s Needle16.Shakespeare’s plays written between _____ are sometimes called “romances” andall end in reconciliation and reunion.A. 1590 and 1594B. 1595 and 1600C. 1601 and 1607D. 1608 and 161217.Miranda is a heroine in Shakespeare’s ______.A. PericlesB. CymbelineC. The Winter’s TaleD. The Tempest18.In _____ appeared Shakespeare’s Sonnet，Never before Imprinted（《莎士比亚十四行诗》“迄今从未刊印过”）which contains 154 sonnets.A. 1606B. 1607C. 1608 160919.Shakespeare is one of the founders of ____.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. classicism20.Among many poetic forms, Shakespeare was especially at home (good at) withthe _______.A. dramatic blank verseB. songC. sonnetD. couplet21.In the plays, Shakespeare used about ______words.A. 15000B. 16000C. 17000D. 1800022._____has been called the summit of the English Renaissance.A. Christopher MarlowB. Francis BaconC. W. ShakespeareD. Ben JohnsonKey to the multiple choices:1-5 BCDAA 6-10 DDCBA 11-15 BDADA 16-22 ACBADDBⅢ. Fill in the blanks.1.The ____ was universally used by the Catholic Churches.2.The English translation of the Bible emerged as a result of the struggle between____ and ___.3.The Bible was notably translated into English by the ____.4.The first complete English Bible was translated by ____, “the morning star of the_____”.5._____ translated the New Testament and portions of the Old Testament, which isknown as Tyndale’s Bible.6.After Tydale’s Bible, then appeared the ______, which was made in 1611 underthe auspices of _____. And so was sometimes called the ____.7.Apart from the religious influence, the Authorized Version has had a greatinfluence on English ___ and ____.8.With the widespread influence of the English Bible, the standard modern Englishhas been _____ and _____.9. A great number of ____and phrases have passed into daily English speech ashousehold words.10.The ____and ____ language of the Authorized Version has colored the style ofthe English prose for the last 300 years.11.____ was the first English printer.12.William Caxton was a prosperous merchant himself, but he was fond of ___ , andhis interest was turning to ____.13.He translated The Recuyell of Historyes of Troy into English from French whichwas the ___ book printed in English.14.The Recuyell served as a source for ____ Troilus and Cressida. 《特洛埃勒斯与克雷雪达》15.After having established his printing press, William Caxton devoted himself tothe career of a ____ and _____.16.William Caxton published about ____ books, ___ of which were translated byhimself.17.By rendering (翻译) French books into English, Caxton exercised the youthfullanguage in the airs (曲调), the graces, the crafts of the elder and contributed to the development of the style of ___ century English ____.18.The influence of Caxton’s publications is also great in fixing a ____ language inEngland.19.As the first English printer, Caxton invented in England the profession of ____,which in fact has had a lasting significance to the development of English ___ asa whole.20.The Renaissance started in the ______ century and ended in the ______century.21.The word, “renaissance” means ________, which was stimulated by a ser ies ofhistorical events, such as ________.22.In the Renaissance, the humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old____in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expresses ____ of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the ____of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.23.____ is the theme of the English Renaissance, which emphasized the capacities of____and the achievements of ____.24.____ Stanza is a verse form created by _____ for his poem, ______, in which therhyme scheme is ____.25.The Wars of the Roses (1455—1485) between the House of ___ and the House of___ struggling for the Crown continued for 30 years.26.Because of the conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the King ofEngland, the far-reaching movement of ___ took place in England, started byHenry VIII.27.After ___ in England, the helpless, dispossessed peasants, being compelled towork at a low wage, became hired laborers for the merchants. These laborerswere the fathers of modern English ___.28.The introduction of ___ to England by William Caxton (1476) brought classicalworks within reach of the common multitude.29.The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up ____of relations andthe establishing of the foundations of ____.30.Because the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk, it was a time when,according to Thomas More, “___”.31.____ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in thecountry, confiscated their lands and proclaimed himself head of the Church of England.32.Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of theEnglish national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as ____.33.____, in his translation of Virgil’s Aeneid, wrote the first English blank verse.34.Richard Tottel’s Miscellany of Songs and Sonnets contained _____ poems by______ and _____ by _____.35.Philip Sidney thought that _____ had superiority over philosophy and history.36._____ is a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the ___among the laboring classes.37.More points out that the root of poverty is the ____ _____ of social wealth.38.Sonnets contain _____ sonnets and ____ sonnets.39.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its ____.40.The “miracles” were simpl e plays based on ______stories.41.There are significant touches of _____ life in the play titled The Shepherds.42.A morality play presented the _____ of good and _____ with _____personages.43.Vice was the predecessor of the modern _____.44.Through the revival of classical literature, English playwrights came into contactwith ______ and ______drama.45.From the contact with Greek and Latin drama, English playwrights learned all theimportant rules in ____ and ____, the more exact conception of ____ and ____.46.English comedies and tragedies on classical models appeared in the middle of the____ century.47.The first English comedy is ______.48.The first English tragedy is _____.49.Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays paved the way for theflourishing of ____.50.In the 16th century _____ became the centre of English drama.51.By ____, professional actors were organized into companies.52.____ were wooden buildings, usually circular in form, with tiers（一排排） ofgalleries surrounding a roofless pit（楼下剧场）.53.In the E lizabethan Theater, there were no ____ and women’s parts were alwaystaken by ____.54.Shakespeare’s narrative poem, Venus and Adonis, is full of vivid images of the______, and aphorisms (格言、警句) on life.55.Shakespeare was a great ____ of the English language.56.Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of _____.57.Shakespeare’s drama becomes a monument of the English ______.58.Shakespeare was a _____ for play-writing.59.Shakespeare’s _____ people represent all the complexities and implications ofreal life.Key to the blanks:tin Bible2.Protestantism; Catholicism3.Protestants4.John Wycliffe; Reformation5.William Tyndal6.Authorized Version, James I;King James Bible.nguage; literature8.fixed; confirmed9.Bible coinages10.simple; dignified11.William Caxton12.Reading; literature13.First14.Shakespeare15.Printer; publisher16.100; 2417.15th ; prose18.National19.Publisher; culture20.14th; 17th21.Religious reformation22.feudalist ideas; interests;purity23.Humanism; human mind;human culture24.Spenserian; Edmund Spenser;The Faerie Queene;ababbcbccncaster; York26.The Reformation27.the Enclosure Movement;proletarians28.printing29.feudal; capitalism30.sheep devours men 31.William VIII32.Renaissance33.Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey34.96, Sir Thomas Wyatt, 40, Henry Howard,Earl of Surrey35.poetry36.Utopia, Book One; poverty37.private ownership38.Italian/Petrarchan ; Shakespearean39.Drama40.Bible41.real42.Conflict; evil; allegorical43.Clown44.Greek; Latin45.Structure; style; comedy; tragedy46.16th47.Gammer Gurton’s Needle《葛顿大娘的缝衣针》48.Gorboduc 《高波特克》49.Drama50.London51.156752.Elizabethan theatres53.actress; boys54.countryside55.master56.adaptation (revision)57.Renaissance58.master-hand (能手)59.full-bloodⅣ. Say true or false.1.The old English aristocracy having been exterminated (wiped out) in the course ofthe War of the Roses, a new nobility, totally dependent on King’s power, come to the fore.2.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of QueenElizabeth.3.The progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state and enabledher in 1588 to inflict a defeat on the Spanish Invincible Armada.4.The Protestant Reformation was in essence a religious movement in a politicalguise.5.Before the Reformation, the English Bible was universally used by the Catholicchurches.6.Walter Raleigh wrote his History of the World in imprisonment.7.More the man is even more interesting than More the writer.8.Utopia, Book One, describes an ideal communist society.9.Translations occupied an important place in the English Renaissance.10.Philip Sidney’s collection of love sonnets is Astrophel and Stella.11.The Miracle plays were not forbidden to perform in churches after the actorsintroduced secular and even comical elements into the performance.12.The writer of Gammer Gurton’s Needle is unknown.13.Two lawyers who wrote Gorboduc were Thomas Sackville (托马斯·萨克维尔)and Thomas Norton（托马斯·诺顿）.14.Shakespeare’s sonnets are divided into three groups: Numbers 1—17, Numbers18—126, and Numbers 127—154.15.Shakespeare’s sonnets are written for variety of virtues.16.Engels said, “Realism implies, besid es truth in detail, the truthful reproduction oftypical characters under typical circumstances.”17.Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time.18.Shakespeare’s one play contains one theme. (contains more than one theme)19.To reproduce the real life, Shakespeare often combines the majestic with thefunny, the poetic with the prosaic(散文体的) and tragic with the comic.20.Engels called Shakespeare’s plays the “Shakespearean vivacity (活泼、快活)and wealth of (大量的) action”.21.Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of letters between More andHythloday, a voyage.22.Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and dramatist.23.Carl Marx commented highly on More’s Utopia and mentioned it in his greatwork, The Capital.24.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its poetry.25.The miracle plays were simple plays based on Bible stories, such as the creationof the world, Noah and the flood, and the birth of Christ.26.Grammer Gurton’s Needle is the first English comedy, Gorboduc the firstEnglish tragedy.27.Both the gentlemen and the common people went to the theatres. But the upperclass was the dominant force in Elizabethan theatre.28.After Shakespeare’s death, Herminge and Condell collected and published hisplays in 1623.29.From Shakespeare’s history plays, it can be seen that Shakespeare took a greatinterest in the political questions of his time.30.In Shakespeare’s historical plays, historical accuracy is not strictly regarded.31.King Lear is a tragedy of ambition, which drives a brave soldier and national heroto degenerate into a bloody murder and despot right to his doom.ing from an old Danish legend, Othello is considered the summit ofShakespeare’s art.33.Shakespeare is one of the founders of romanticism in world literature.34.Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing aprocess of prosperity.35.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was an age ofprose.36.There are two main characters in As You Like It: Orlando and Rosalind.37.Ben Johnson’s comedies are “comedies of humors” and every character in hiscomedies personifies a definite “humor”.38.In Ben Johnson’s later years he became the “literary king” of his time.Key to the True/False statements:1.T2.T3.T4. F. (a political movement in areligious guise)5. F. (the Latin Bible)6.T7. F (Sidney)8.T9.T10.T11.T12.T13.F ( Book Two)14.T 15.T16.T17.T18.F19.T20.T21.F (a conversation)22.F (poet and critic of poetry)23.F24.F(darma)25.T26.T27.T28.T29.T30.T31.F (Macbeth)32.F (Hamlet)33.F (realism)34.F(decline)35.F (not an age of prose)36.T37.F (ordinary people were)38.TⅤ. Questions on the English Renaissancement on the image of Henry V and Sir John Falstaff.ment on the character of Hamlet.3.What are the features of Shakespeare’s drama?4.Remember Shakespeare’s major plays in each literary career.ment on Marlowe’s social significance and literary achievement.ment on The Faerie Queene.Part Three The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionI.Choose the right answer.1.The r hyme scheme of Milton’s L’Allkegro and Il Penseroso is _____.A. aabbccbbcB. abbacdccdC. abacdeecD. ababcdcdd2. _____ , as a declaration of people’s freedom of the press, has been a weapon in thelater democratic revolutionary struggles.A. On the Morning of Christ’s NativityB. ComusC. Of Reformation in EnglandD. Areopagitica3. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and thelater sacred verses.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John Dryden4. _____ expressed Donne’s own way o f describing love.A. Holy SonnetsB. Witchcraft by a PictureC. The Sun RisingD. Death, Be Not Proud5. George Herbert’s ______ is a well-known shaped poem.A. The AltarB. To His Coy MistressC. To DaffodilsD. Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May6. ____ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan7. Which of the following is not a Metaphysical poet?A. Richard CrashawB. Henry VaughanC. Andrew MarvellD. Robert Burton8. ____is a prose poem on death and immortality.A. The Anatomy of MelancholyB. Religio MeciciC. Holy DyingD. Urn-Burial9. Izaak Walton’s ____ is a delightful description of t he English countryside and thesimple and kind people.A. The Compleat AnglerB. Holy LivingC. To His Coy MistressD. To Daffadils10. Who is the greatest figure of the Cavalier poetry?A. John SucklingB. Richard LovelaceC. Robert HerrickD. John Dryden11. ____was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19thcentury.A. John DrydenB. Richard SteeleC. Joseph AddisonD. Alexander PopeKey to the multiple choices: 1-5 CDCBA 6-11 ADDAADII.Fill in the blanks.1.In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, _______ occupies the mostimportant place.2.The Pilgrim’s Progress is one of the most popular pieces of Christian writingproduced during the _____ Age.3.______gives a vivid and satirical picture of Vanity Fair which is the symbol ofLondon at the time of Restoration.4._____masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progress, is an allegory, a narrative in whichgeneral concepts such as sins, despair, and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world.5._____ is the most excellent representative of English classicism in the Restorationperiod.6.In English literature, the Restoration period is traditionally called “Age of _____.7.In political affairs, ____ was quite changeable in attitude.8.In his “A n Essay of Dramatic Poesy”, ____ showed his famous appreciation ofShakespeare.9.Dryden wrote about 27 plays. The famous one is _______, a tragedy dealing withthe same story as Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra.10.The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of JohnMilton, in the prose writing of John Bunyan, and in the plays and literary criticism of ______.11.Paradise Lost is one of Milton’s ______.12.Satan is the hero in Milton’s mast erpiece __________.13.Paradise Lost took its material from ______.14.The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by_____in content and fantasticality in form.15._______ was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18thcentury.16.Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost embody Milton’s belief in the powers of _____.17.The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory and _____ is another writing feature.18.In the second half of the 17th century we may hear the voices of the privatecitizens by letters and _____.Key to the blanks:1.(John Bunyan)2.(Puritan)3.(The Pilgrim’s Progress)4.(John Bunyan’s)5.(John Dryden)6.(Dryden)7.(John Dryden)8.(John Dryden)9.(All for Love)10.(John Dryden)11.(epics)12.(Paradise Lost)13.(mysticism)14.(the Bible)15.(Dryden)16. (man)17.(symbolism)18.(diaries)III.Say true or false.1.The major parliamentary clashes of the early 17th century were over landownership.2.After the victory of the English Revolution, the movement of the Diggers brokeout. The leader of this revolt is Wat Tyler.3.With the establishment of the bourgeois dictatorship, Charles II became theProtector of the English Commonwealth.4.The spirit of unity and the feeling of patriotism ended with the reign of James I,and England was then convulsed (shook, quivered) with the conflict between the two antagonistic camps, the Royalists and the Puritans.5.In 1644, James I was sentenced to death and Cromwell became the leader of thecountry.6.English literature of the 17th century witnessed a flourish on the whole.7.The Revolution Period produced one of the most important poets in Englishliterature, William Shakespeare.8.The Revolution Period is also called Age of Milton because it produced a greatpoet whole name is William Milton.9.The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama.10.Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was thegreatest one.11.John Milton towers over his age as Byron towers over the Elizabethan Age, and asChaucer towers over the Medieval Period.12.O n his first wife’s death, Milton wrote his only love poem, a sonnet, on HisDeceased Wife.13.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lose, is written in heroic couplets.14.The poem of Samson Agonistes was “to justify the ways of God to man”, i.e. toadvocate submission to the Almighty.15.It has been noticed by many critics that the picture of Satan surrounded by hisangels who never think of expressing any opinions of their own, resembles the court of an absolute monarch.16.Izaak Wa lton’s The Compleat Angler becomes a “Piscatorial classic”.17.Thomas Browne’s Religia Medici is a collection of opinions on a vast number ofsubjects more or less connected with religion.Key to True/False statements:1. F (ownership: monopolies)2. F (Wat Tyler: Gerald Winstanley)3. F (Charles II: Oliver Cromwell)4. F (Donne: Milton)5. F (James I: Charles I)6. F (flourish: decline)7.T (William Shakespeare)8. F (William: John)9. F (drama: poetry) 10.F (James I: Elizabeth I)11.F (Byron: Shakespeare)12.F (first: second)13.F (heroic couplets: blank verse)14.F (Satan: God)15.F (Samson Agonistes: Paradise Lost)16.T17.TIV. Questions1.What are the writing features of The Pilgrim’s Progress?ment on the image of Satan.ment on Samson.Part Four The English Century Ⅰ. Match the works and the characters. (3 points)A1. ( ) Tome Jones2. ( ) The Vicar of Wakefield3. ( ) Robinson Crusoe4. ( ) Gulliver’s Travels5. ( ) Pamela6. ( ) The School for ScandalBa.Fridayb.King of Brodingnagc.Sophiad.Mr. Be.William Thornhillf.Charles SurfaceThe key: (1—c, 2—e, 3—a, 4—b, 5—d, 6—f )Ⅱ. Choose the right answer.1.In 1701, Steele published a pamphlet, _____, in which he first displayed hismoralizing spirit.A. The FuneralB. The Lying LoverC. The Christian HeroD. The Tender Husband2. Which is the most popular newspaper published by Steele?A. The TatlerB. The SpectatorC. The TheatreD. The English3. _____ is Addison’s great tragedy.A. A Letter from ItalyB. RosamondC. The CampaignD. Cato4. Which of the following is not the hero in The Spectator?A. Isaac BickerstaffB. Mr. RogerC. Captain SentryD. Andrew Freeport5. ______ were looked upon as the model of English composition by British authorsall through the 18th century.A. Jeremy Taylor’s Holy LivingB. Thomas Browne’s Religio MeidicC. Samuel Pepys’s diariesD. Addison’s Spectator essays6. The most important classicist in the Enlightenment Movement is _____.A. SteeleB. AddisonC. PopeD. Dryden7. The masterpiece of Alexander Pope is ____.A. Essay on CriticismB. The Rape of the LockC. Essay on ManD. The Dunciad8. Essay on Man is a _____poem in heroic couplets.。