现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别

非谓语动词一．概念非谓语动词就是指在句中不能单独作谓语的动词，并且不受主语的人称或数的制约。

非谓语动词可分为不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。

二．基本特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。

它们都有各自的特征：不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中能够做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

分词具有形容词和副词的特征，在句子中能够做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词具有名词的特，在句子中能够做主语、宾语、表语等；动词不定式1.动词不定式的基本结构to + 动词原形。

2.动词不定式的形式时态主动态被动态一般式to do to be done实行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done完成实行式to have been doingEg.1.John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）2：He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)3：He pretended to be listening attentively. (实行式)4：He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago.(完成式的被动态)6：We’re happy to have been working with yo u. (完成实行式)3. 动词不定式的用法,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等(1)作主语。

例如：To see you is always a pleasure.To make money is not the only purpose of our life.在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。

现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析现在分词和过去分词是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。

它们在形态和用法上有一些不同之处。

本文将详细解析这两种形式的区别和用法。

一、形态上的区别1. 现在分词的形态现在分词的形态是动词的-ing形式，例如：working, playing, eating 等。

当动词作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和谓语等时，常用现在分词形式。

2. 过去分词的形态过去分词的形态通常是在动词原形的基础上加上-ed、-d、-en、-t等词尾，例如：worked, played, eaten等。

过去分词在完成时态和被动语态中常作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。

二、用法上的区别1. 现在分词的用法（1）作主语：现在分词可以作为主语出现在句子中，表示正在进行或经常性的动作。

例如："Reading books is my hobby."（阅读书籍是我的爱好。

）（2）作定语：现在分词可以修饰名词作定语，常表示主动、进行或经常性的动作。

例如："The running water is very clear."（流动的水非常清澈。

）（3）作宾语补足语：现在分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表示正在进行或经常性的动作。

例如："I saw him painting the house."（我看见他正在刷房子。

）2. 过去分词的用法（1）作主语：过去分词可以作为主语出现在句子中，表示完成的动作或状态。

例如："Broken glass covered the ground."（破碎的玻璃铺满了地面。

）（2）作定语：过去分词可以修饰名词作定语，表示被动或完成的动作。

例如："The lost key has been found."（丢失的钥匙已经找到了。

）（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表示完成的动作或状态。

现在分词做宾语补足语现在分词在句子中可用作宾语补足语，其结构为：主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词（即宾语补足语）使用此结构要特别注意：句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系，并不是所有的动词都可以跟宾语加现在分词作宾语补足语掌握现在分词作宾语补足语的结构要注意下面的五点一感官动词+宾语+现在分词，现在分词做宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行例如：He saw her working in the garden.他看见她正在花园里干活分析：He在句子中做主语，saw作谓语，her作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语请看下面的句子，working in the garden宾语补足语I heard a bell ringing.我听见铃在响I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉至U风吹着我的脸高中范围内，适用于感官动词+宾语+现在分词的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有：feel, find, hear, notice, observe, see, watch 等在listen to和look at后面也可跟宾语+现在分词（即宾语补足语）例如：Sometimes she would listen to him playing the saxophone. 有时她会听他吹奏萨克斯管She looked at him waiting there.她瞧着他等在那里二使役动词+宾语+分词，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语例如：His question has set me thinking.他的问题让我深思分析：His question在句子中做主语，has set作谓语，me 作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语请看下面的句子，thinking做宾语补足语The arrival of the police sent the robbers running away quickM警察的到来使强盗们四处逃窜The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活The captain got the soldiers moving towards the front after a short rest.休息片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来高中范围内，适用于使役动词+宾语+现在分词的结构，现在分词在句子中作宾语补足语常用的动词有：make ,get，have, keep, leave, send, set等三上述两种结构可变为被动形式例如：He was found lying on the floor.有人发现他躺在地上分析：He在句子中做主语，was found作谓语，使用了被动语态，lying on the floor做宾语补足语请看下面的句子，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语He was seen sitting in a caf 6.有人看见他坐在一家咖啡馆里The papers were left lying around.文件散落了一地四现在分词不定式作宾语补足语的区别feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch 等感官动词，既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语现在分词作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；不带to 的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作的完成试比较下面句子：He saw her working in the garden.(She was working in the garden.)他看见她在花园里干活He saw her enter the room.(She entered the room.)他看见她走进屋子使役动词get，have既可以跟现在分词也可以跟不定式作宾语补足语get sb to do/have sb do sth表示使/让/叫某人去做某事，侧重动作的结果；have sb/sth doing表示使/让某人/ 物持续地做某事，侧重动作的持续；get sb/sth doing表示使某人/物开始行动起来，侧重动作的开始试比较下面的句子：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.母亲让我到商店买一些盐I cant get him to stop smoking.He wont listen to me.我不能使他戒烟他不听我的话The mother had the boy cleaning the room the whole afternoon.（母亲让这个男孩整个下午清理房间）I cant get the car starting.（我不能把车发动起来）五现在分词有时用被动形式作宾语补足语，其结构为动词+ 宾语+being done例如：I saw him being carried away on a stretcher.我看见他被人用担架抬走分析：I在句子中做主语，saw作谓语，him作宾语，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语请看下面的句子，划线部分在句子中作宾语补足语One could hear all kinds of things being discussed there.你可以听到那里在谈论的问题五花八门，无所不有高中范围内，适用于动词+宾语+being done的结构，现在分词作宾语补足语常用的动词有：feel, find, hear, notice, see, watch 等练习：选择最佳答案1 .---Why did you go back to the shop---I left my friend there.（2002上海）A.waitingB.to waitC.waitD.waits2 .A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.（2003北京春）A.smokeB.smokingC.to smokeD.smoked3 .He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.（2004北京春）A.putB.to be puttingC.to putD.putting4 .Dont leave the water ___ while you brush your teeth.（2004天津）A.runB.runningC.being runD.to run答案：1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B★过去分词作宾语补足语请看一道高考题：The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied分析:本题考查过去分词在with的复合结构中做宾语补足语的用法。

1. 现在分词与过去分词的差别英语中的分词分两种:现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。

虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等,但是它们形式不同,而且语义也有差别。

现在从四方面举例说明。

⒈现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行的(例①-③);过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的(例④-⑥):① The boiling water is hot.② A sleeping baby is good to look at.③ She has a smiling face.④ You can use the boiled water to make tea.⑤ Where is my lost key?⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired.有时,由于两个动词“异词同义”,其分词也跟着不同,如:⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?⒉在语义上,现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。

前者有“令人……”的含义(见例⑨);过去分词则有“感到……”的意思(见例⑩):⑨ The soccer match last night was thrilling.(令人紧张)⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.(感到高兴)其他例子有:● amazing: amazed● annoying: annoyed● boring: bored● confusing: confused● surprising: surprised● terrifying: terrified试比较11a和b以及12a和b:11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.12a. David came with some surprising news.12b. All were surprised at Sam’s sudden resignation.⒊在作宾语补足语时,如果宾语是有关分词逻辑上的主语,就用现在分词,如 :13. The teacher found a student dozing off.14. Don’t keep the visitor waiting.如果宾语和有关分词有“动词+宾语”关系,那么这个分词就要是过去分词了,如:15. Where did you get your book printed?16. You should have your office whitewashed.在13里,正在打瞌睡的是宾语“a studen t“;在14里,宾语是“the visitor”。

高考英语不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。

现根据不同动词的不同用法分述如下，请在下列各例句中仔细体会不定式、现在分词或过去分词作补足语的区别。

■通常用带to的不定式作宾补的动词这类动词很多，常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise,order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, wouldlike / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。

如：1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷)A. for me takingB. me takingC. for me to takeD. me to take【分析】答案选D。

encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。

2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷)A. don’t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make【分析】答案选D。

即ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事。

3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷)A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do【分析】答案选A。

现在分词的七种用法（一）作定语1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。

例如：The sleeping boy is Tom.2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。

例如：Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。

例如：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。

例如：This is an English-speaking country.（二）作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。

如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。

例如：The story is moving.（三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。

例如：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)（四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。

1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。

例如：Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。