过去分词作宾语补足语
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高中英语学习资料madeofjingetieji3.过去分词作宾语补足语可以接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下两类:A) 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如 :see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等.I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌She found the door closed.B)表示 "致使 "意义的动词 .如 :have, make, get, keep, leave 等比方:He’ s going to have his hair cut.I must get my bike repaired.He was trying to make himself understood.注意:使役动词have 接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.1.过去分词所表示的动作由别人完成 . (1) He had his money stolen. 他的钱给偷了 .( 被别人偷去了 )2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历 .如 : (2) He had his leg broken. 他的腿断了 . ( 自己的经历 )4.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语 ,此时应注意人称一致,即二者是被动关系。
这跟现在分词作状语正好相反。
表示被动的和完成的动作修饰谓语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。
如:Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮 .(seen 为过去分词作状语 ,表 " 被看 ",由语境可知 ,它的逻辑主语必定是城市 ,而不是 " 我们 ", 因为" 我们 " 应主动看城市 .)A)作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。
过去分词作宾语补足语1.过去分词的结构:done2.宾语补足语的定义:指跟随在直接宾语之后修饰和补充说明直接宾语的单词或短语;e.g. ①His father named him Doming.②They painted their house white.③He asked me to lend my computer to him.④We saw her leaving.⑤I always find him in the classroom.⑥Let the fresh air in.⑦You cannot call it what you will.⑧We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.3. 过去分词作宾语补足语:(1)用法:①及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
e.g. He got his bad tooth pulled out yesterdayHe found his new bike stolen.②少数不及物动词如go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成。
因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
e.g. I found the leaves fallen two days ago.She found her necklace gone on her way home.③动词seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示宾语的状态,而不表示被动或完成的意义。
e.g. On coming in, I found a girl seated in the corner.I like her dressed in red.(2)使用情况①用在部分系动词(keep, leave)之后表状态或是被动;e.g. They kept the door locked for a long time.Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.②部分使役动词(get, have, make, etc.)之后表被动;e .g. I have had my bike repaired.I raised my voice to make myself heard.③像Watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find等动词之后表被动或是状态;e.g. When we got to school, we saw the door locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.④像want, wish, like, expect, order等动词之后表被动;e.g. The teacher won’t like the problem discussed at the moment.I want the suit made to his own measure.⑤用于“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的结构表被动或完成。
过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动的、完成的动作,宾语补足语与宾语之间常常存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
【归纳】可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的(短语)动词有:1. watch, see, observe, look at, hear, listen to, find, notice等感官动词。
如:I watched the desk carried out of the classroom.The man found his hometown entirely destroyed.2. make, get, have, keep, leave等使役动词。
如:My mother has her hair cut every two months.We must get the work finished before 6 o’clock.The speaker didn’t know how to make himself understood.3. want, order等表示希望、命令等意义的动词。
如:All of us wanted such questions discussed at the meeting.The manager ordered the problem settled as soon as possible.【拓展】★介词with后也可接过去分词作宾语补足语,构成with复合结构。
如:With more flowers planted, the garden looks very beautiful.★动词⁃ing形式、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别:动词⁃ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语,宾语是其动作的执行者。
动词⁃ing形式强调动作的正在进行或延续性,不定式强调动作的全过程。
过去分词作宾语补足语,通常宾语是其动作的承受者,多强调动作的完成。
过去分词作宾语补足语宾语补足语用来补充说明句子的宾语。
过去分词作宾补时具有以下特点:(1)过去分词(done )常表示动作的完成、状态或动作的全过程。
(2)宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在着被动关系。
(3)不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时没有被动意味,只表示动作的完成和状态。
I was glad to see the child well taken care of .He kept the windows shu t all the year.Could you please mak e yourself known to us ?You must get your article finished before going home.When I returned there, I found the bag gone.2. 后接过去分词作宾补的词:(1)表感知的动词:see, watch, find, observe, notice, hear, feel, taste, smell , etc.I heard the song sung in the next room.(2)表使役的动词:have, make, get , etc.We should work harder to get the work done on time.(3)表想法、愿望的动词:want, should like, would like , etc.I want the photo copied.I ’d like Lucy invited, too.(4)表某种状态的词:keep, leave , etc.When you were out, you should keep the lights turned off.The boys went to play football, leaving their homework undone.(5) with +n+P.PHe sat there with his eyes fixed on the TV . with his eyes closed. He went home happily with his work finished. 重难点1: make / have sb. do 命令/安排某人做某事 have sb. doing have sb. / sth. done重难点2:过去分词作宾补和其他非谓语作宾补。
英语过去分词的用法
英语过去分词的用法主要包括以下几个方面:
1.作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果是单词,一般放在所修饰的名词之前。
如果是过去分词短语,要放在所修饰的名词的后面,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
2.作表语:过去分词作表语时,主要与连系动词be连用,表示主语的状态或已经完成的动作。
3.作宾语补足语:当过去分词作宾语补足语时,句子的宾语就是该过去分词的逻辑宾语。
4.作状语:过去分词作状语时,可以表示时间、条件、方式、伴随、让步等。
5.用于完成时态:在现在完成时态和过去完成时态中,需要使用过去分词形式。
以上只是过去分词的基本用法,实际使用中还需要结合具体的语境和语法规则进行判断。
Grammar——过去分词作宾语补足语[思维导图]作宾语补足语的过去分词一般来自及物动词,表示被动和完成意义,说明宾语所处的状态。
一般跟它前面的宾语在逻辑上构成动宾关系,表示被动意义,其结构形式为:主语+谓语动词+宾语+过去分词。
一、常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况1.感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When I came in,I saw a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
The next morning people noticed the world outside their houses completely changed.第二天早上,人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
2.使役动词have/get和make后,用过去分词作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义:“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
She had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.她在飞机起飞前一个小时对她的行李进行了安检。
Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前,你必须将你的车洗了。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月,我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中,过去分词表示结果。
He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself noticed.他悄悄地走进房间,以免引起别人的注意。
过去分词作宾语补足语讲解
过去分词作宾语补足语是英语语法中的一种结构,通常用于描述被动或完成的动作。
这种结构的构成方式是动词的过去分词形式加上助动词'have, has, had'或'be, am, is, are, was, were'。
例如: I have eaten lunch.(我已经吃过午饭了。
)
The book was written by her.(这本书是她写的。
)这种结构通常出现在及物动词后面,作为宾语的补足语来进一步描述宾语。
在被动语态中,这种结构强调的是动作的接受者,而在完成时态中,它强调的是动作的完成。
需要注意的是,过去分词作宾语补足语时需要与主语保持一致。
例如:
The book has been read by me.(这本书已被我读过。
)
The books have been read by us.(这些书已被我们读过。
)以上就是过去分词作宾语补足语的讲解。
在写作或口语表达中,正确使用这种结构能够使语言更加丰富生动。
- 1 -。
二、需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况1. 表示“意欲;命令”的动词如like, want, wish, order 等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如:The father wants his daughter taught the piano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如:I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
3. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如:Have you got your films developed?你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有?4. “ with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语。
这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
例如:The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。
(表方式)With water heated, we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。
(表条件)With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了。
(表原因)注意:在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。
例如:She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他。
(fix one's eyes on 为固定短语,因此,不可将句中fixed 换为fixing )He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
1 过去分词作宾语补足语的用法:表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:find,see, watch, observe, hear, feel, notice, think,belivedI heard the song sung in English.He found his hometown greatly changed.(表完成)He found his wallet stolen.(表被动)2 have, make, get, keep, leave(1)I'll have my hair cut(过去分词)tomorrow. 明天我要理发. (have/get sth done让别人做某事) I will have my bike repaired.The manager had/let/made his assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.(have/let/make sb do sth,让某人做某事),用动词原形。
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.体会区别:What made them so frightened? What made them so frightening?记住:The speaker raised his voice,but he still couldn't make himself heard.Make oneself understood3 "with/without +宾语+过去分词"结构The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.With water heated, we can see the steam.With the matter settled, we all went home. Without the matter setteled, we all ... She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.4 过去分词在want, like, wish, order等表示“希望”、“要求”、“命令”意义的动词的宾语后面I wish the office painted white before I move in.被动主动Let let sb/sth done let sb/sth doHave have sb/sth done have sth/sb doMake make sb/sth done make sth/sb doGet get sb/sth done get sb/sth to doThe manager discussed the plan that they would like to see____ Carry out carried out carrying out to carry out。