Unit 1 知识重点总结讲义--高中英语外研版(2019)必修第一册
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外研版必修一 Unit one知识重点总结
一.重点词及相关短语：1.eagerness-名词热切，eager-渴望的，1) be eager to do sth.渴望做某事2) be eager for
sth--渴望得到某物 2.butterfly—蝴蝶 have butterflies in one's stomach--情绪紧张 3. breathe-呼吸 名词breath呼吸的空气，一次吸入的空气1) breathe in/out-吸入/呼出2) take a deep breath 深深吸一口气 3) take one's breath
away 令人惊叹4) hold one's breath--憋气5) catch one's breath--屏息 6) lose one's breath--喘不过气7) be out of
breath 喘不过气 8) be short of breath—呼吸困难4.explore考察，探险一名词exploration组织，机构pressure一压力-press 动词按，压 1) put pressure on sb.一向某人施压 2) put...under pressure 使.••承 受压力 5.description一描写，描述一动词 describe-beyond description 无法形容drama一戏剧一dramatic 戏曲challenge-挑战 动词-向某人挑战challenger--挑战者，challenging-挑战性的 1) face/meet/accept
a challenge of…面对…的困难a challenge to…一对…的质疑 a challenge from...—来自…的挑战challenge sb. to
sth.—向某人挑战某事4) challenge sb. to do sth.--向某人挑战做某事.calm--镇静的 名词 calmness-平静 calm sb.
down—使某人平静 stay calm.confident—形容词有信心的一confidence 信心 have confidence in…对…有信心 be
confident of doing sth.
7 .drama--形容词戏剧的一dramatic10.debate一名词讨论debater一讨论者 debate about一就…辩论debate sth.
with sb.—与某人辩论某事under debate--在辩论 beyond debate-无可辩论have a debate with sb. on sth—和某人就某事辩论10.argue一争辩 名词 argument l)have an argumentwith sb.一与某人争论 2) argue with sb.一与某人争论3) argue sb. into doing sth.—说服某人做...
2) argue sb. out of doing sth.—不做某事ll.various-各种各样的，名词-variety a variety of…一各种各样的12.volunteer一志愿者，义务工作者 形容词一voluntary自愿的l)volunteer to do sth.自愿做。。
13. apply---申请,名词 application--申请书 9 applicant—申请人 1) application form…申请表 2)apply for一 请求…3)apply oneself to...——专心于…4)apply to…一适用于… 5) apply...to……把..・应用于…schedule--计划表
on schedule一按时be scheduled to do sth.--预计做…be scheduled for■…预定在…ahead of schedule--先于预定时间view-一次观看，景色，风景，看法，视野，视线1) in view—在视线内2) come into view映入眼帘 3) in sb's
view--依某人看=from sb's point of view 4) in view of一考虑到view sb./sth. as...--一把・..视为...16.graduate--毕业undergraduate…本科生 postgraduate—研究生sight一看到，看见 1) at first sight…初看2) at the sight of...———看见3) lose sight 到・.一看不见catch sight of....--看见 5) in sight-看得见6) out of sight-一看不见
14. figure一认为,以为 l)figure out一计算18.select--选择 1) select...for...--为…挑选…select... from...—从…中挑选…3) select... as…一■选择…作为…4)select...to do…一■挑选…做…in particular一特别地particular一特定的be particular about...-一对…讲究refer to一参考，查阅，谈及，描述 名词一reference参考，refer...to...as...--把…当作…struggle一奋斗，还可作名词一难事，斗争 l)struggle against sb—与某人做斗争 2)struggle with sb,— 与某人搏斗 3) struggle一为…而斗争 3) struggle to do sth.一努力去做某事 4) struggle to one'sfeet—挣扎着站起来文中短语：l.over and over again一一遍又一遍 2.wake up一醒来2.rush out of...从…冲出去3. turn around--转过来4.step
into一迈如5.it's one's turn-一轮到某人
6.make the best of...--充分利用7.make good use of...--好好利用8.
二.重点句型及句式： l.Turning around, I saw a white-haired man.—现在分词做状语*现在分词可以做时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随等。当表的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式 doing,当分词的动作发生在位于动作之前时，那么用现在分词的完成式。
如：1).Standing on the building, you will have a good view of the whole city.
2) Hearing her coughing, I decided to take her to the hospital.
3) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring at the night sky.
2. When my English teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.- 当我的英语老师走进教室时，我惊讶地发现，他就是我之前见到的那个人。
step into…走进I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave a nudge.一一我正在脑海里组织语言时， 突然我旁边的女孩用胳膊肘推了我一下。一-give a nudge推了一下Sb. Be doing sth. When...--某人正在做某事，这时…Sb. be about to do sth. when...--某人正要做…，这时…Sb. Had just done sth. When…某人刚做完・・・.这时…I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself!
主语+be+too ...to…-一太…而不能…二主语+be not形容词+enough to。。。或二主语+be+so ...that...not../7如：Before the earthquake, the chickens in the farmyards were too nervous to eat.
二・..., the chickens in the farmyards were so nervous that they couldn't eat.
too...to...——too有否认词时表肯定，“非常”It's never too old to learn.—一学到老，活到老。
三.语法：A)句子成分：根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、 宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。
L主语S(Subject):表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当，置于句首。The teacher was kind and helpful. I miss my grandma.
2 .谓语V(Verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
He talked too much. 3 .表语P(Predicative):表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或从句等充当,位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
He looks very tired.他看上去很累。
4 .宾语O(Object):指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当,位于动词之后。She stopped him ,直接宾语 Od(Direct Object) 间接宾语 Oi (Indirect Object).补足语：宾语补足语:C (Complement)用来说明宾语或主语的动作、性质、状态等的一种句子成分,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。Isaw him passing the crossing.
5 .定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及从句等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后。
It's a lovely dog. T have the best way to learn English.
6 .状语Ad(Adverbial):用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句等充当。
B)基本句型：
英语中的句子是由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依据其组合方式可分为八种基本句型。
