虚拟语气
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虚拟语气
一、If 引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例
将来 动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形 would / should / might /
could + 动词原形 If he were to/should/come here/he
came here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声。
现在 动词过去式
(be 用 were) would / should / might / could
+ 动词原形 If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话,它会协助我们的。
过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could
have + 动词过去分词 If I had seen the film, I would have told
you about it. 我如果看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你了。
▲
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, should, had等词置于句首。
例:Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。
▲ if only 要是…就好了 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
▲ 在句中出现but for(if it were not for/ if it hadn’t been for), without, otherwise, or else 等时,后面的虚拟语气形式参照上面表格中主句谓语动词形式,视句子涵义而定。
虚拟语气归纳大全
TPMK standardization office【 TPMK5AB- TPMK08- TPMK2C- TPMK18】 虚拟语气的用法归纳
1、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生:
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间,我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你,我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)
▲ 与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:
If I knew her number ,I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
▲与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”:
If I’d left sooner,I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
▲与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”:
If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 注:几点特别说明
(完整版)虚拟语⽓详解
虚拟语⽓详解
虚拟语⽓表⽰说话⼈的主观愿望(往往与客观事实相反),或是表⽰假象和猜测。虚拟语⽓⽆论从形式上还是时态上都⽐较复杂,需要归类记忆。
虚拟语⽓⼤体分为三类:(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下⾯会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律,考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型,剩下的皆是套路~
(1)be型虚拟(基本是套路)
形式:should + 动词原形,should可以省略
⽤法:1)表⽰“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句⽤be型虚拟,常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask,command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等
最常见的形式是这类动词后⾯接着⼀个宾语从句,则宾语从句的谓语部分要⽤(should)+ 动词原形来虚拟
例: We demand that the meeting(should)be postponed.The manager suggested that we (should) work together.
注意:有时候你所见到不⼀定是上述动词引导的宾语从句,⽽是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语,如:it isadvised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句
例如:It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipmentin the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句)
We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句)
薄冰英语语法:虚拟语气
语气的含义和种类
语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种:
1)直接语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。如:
(1)France lies on the windward side of Europe. 法国位于欧洲向风的一面。
(2)The harsh weather last year was the result of turbulence in the upper
atmosphere. 去年的恶劣气候是高空大气层的湍流造成的。
2)祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。如:
(3)Make yourself at home. 请随便,不要客气。(表请求)
(4)Don't be late. 不要迟到。(表命令)
3)虚拟语气(subjective mood),表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。如:
(5)We only wish we could help. 我们但愿能提供帮助。(表愿望)
(6)If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. 假若没有动力,我们就不能行走。(表假想)
(7)He suggests that we should all go to see the film. 他建议我们都去看这个电影。(表建议)
虚拟语气的形式
虚拟语气的基本形式共有七种。
1)动词原形,用于一切人称和数。如:
(1)Long live the Communist Party of China! 中国共产党万岁!
(2)If that be so, we shall take action at once. 如果情况是那样,我们就立即采取行动。