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DNA structure(overall structure of the DNA molecule. )

1.DNA is composed of 2 chains of nucleotides that form a double helix双螺旋 shape.

2.The two strands are antiparallel反向平行

3.The backbone of the DNA molecule is composed of alternating交替的 phosphate

groups磷酸基 and sugars

4.The complimentary nitrogenous bases含氮碱基 form hydrogen bonds氢键 between

the strands

5. A is complementary to T and G is complementary to C

DNA functions

1. Storage of genetic information

2. Self-duplication & inheritance

3. Expression of the genetic message

DNA’s major function is to code编码 for proteins. Information is encoded in the order

of the nitrogenous bases.

Biological roles of RNA

1. RNA is the genetic proaterial of some viruses

2. RNA functions as the protein-synthesizing machinery

3.RNA functions as an asaptor(tRNA) between the codons密码子 in the mRNA and

amino acids氨基酸

4. RNA serves as a regulatory molecule, which through equence complementarity binds

to, and interferes with the translation of certain mRNAs.

5. Some RNAs are enzymes that catalyze催化 essential reactions in the cell

Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA.

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lecture1

lecture1

Lecture1:Ideasfrommeasuretheory

STAT205Lecturer:JimPitmanScribe:SivakumarRathinam

1.1Probabilityspaces

Thislectureintroducessomeideasfrommeasuretheorywhicharethefoundationof

themoderntheoryofprobability.Thenotionofaprobabilityspaceisdefined,and

Dynkin’sformofthemonotoneclasstheoremispresented.

Definition1.1LetΩbeasetofpointsω.Inprobabilitytheory,Ωrepresentsall

possibleoutcomesofanexperimentorobservation.

Example1.2TossingacoinhasasetofoutcomesΩ={Head,Tail}.

Example1.3Positionofabodyina3-DEuclideanspacebelongstothesetΩ=R3.

AsubsetofΩiscalledanevent.Itisnaturaltoaskquestionslikewhetheran

outcomeofarandomexperimentbelongstotoaeventornot.Todothis,weneed

todefineclassesofsubsetsofthespaceΩ.Also,sincewewouldbetalkingaboutany

combinationofevents,asystematictreatmentwouldrequiretheclassofsetstohave

thenecessarysettheoreticoperations:namelythesetsbeingclosedundercountable

托福听力tpo55 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo55 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo55 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文

Lecture1

原文

NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.

MALE PROFESSOR: OK, so we’ve all heard of the Louvre, right? Maybe the most

famous art museum in Paris, France? In 1793 the Louvre was the first museum to

open its doors to the public. Up till then, there were lots of private museums…private

collections in the homes of Europe’s royalty and nobility…but only a select few were

invited to see those works of art. The idea of a public museum was, in essence, a new

one.

Now, when the Louvre opened as a public museum, it was free to all artists every day

of the week. But to those who were not artists—y’know, the rest of the general

public? Well, they were only allowed to visit the museum on certain days. And that’s

because the public museum was first seen as a teaching institution—a place where

托福听力tpo40 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo40 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo40lecture1、2、3、4原文+题目+答案+译文

Lecture1................................................................................................2

原文................................................................................................2

题目................................................................................................4

答案................................................................................................5

译文................................................................................................6

Lecture2................................................................................................7

原文................................................................................................7

题目................................................................................................9

托福听力tpo39 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo39 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo39lecture1、2、3、4原文+题目+答案+译文

Lecture1................................................................................................2

原文................................................................................................2

题目................................................................................................4

答案................................................................................................6

译文................................................................................................6

Lecture2................................................................................................8

原文................................................................................................8

题目..............................................................................................10