Thermal Wind Tunnel

CC-1LABORATORY-GRADE BENCHTOP CLOSED LOOP WIND TUNNELU Q uick Access PanelU S ensor Ports (6)U C ontrol Flow andTemperatures While Viewing Data and Monitoring EventsU V ery LowTurbulence Intensity SPECIFICATIonS Wind Tunnel: 143.6 L x 49.3 W x 67.7 cm H (56.5 x 19.4 x 26.6")Test Section: 41.8 L x 22.5 W x 8.9 cm H (16.4 x 8.9 x 3.5")number of Sensor Ports: 6Flow Range: 0 to 7 m/s (0 to 1200 ft/min)Flow Uniformity: ±1%Flow Accuracy: ±2%Temperature Range: Up to 85°C (185°F)Temperature Accuracy: ±1°C Weight: 70.7 kg (156 lb)Main AC Voltage: 220 Vac Main AC Fuse: 20 Amps Minimum Support Table Size:115 L x 50 cm W (45.2 x 19.7")thumb drive).WT-3067The WT -3067 is a research-qualityclosed loop wind tunnel that provides a convenient, accurate system for thermally characterizing PCBs and individual components at controlled temperatures from ambient to 85°C (185ºF).The WT -3067 wind tunnel producesair flows up to 7 m/s (1378 ft/min). With customization, it can generateWT -3067 shown smaller than actual size.flows up to 50 m/s (10,000 ft/min) using orifice plates (available custom). The clear polycarbonate test section lets the user view the test specimen and allows for flow visualization.Unlike open loop wind tunnels, the WT -3067 recirculates internal air. This allows the system heater to rapidly warm the air to a specific temperature. The testing of boards and components in hot air is a requirement in some NEBS and other standards. The precise controls and temperature range of the WT -3067 wind tunnel allow its use for testing heat sink performance and for calibrating air and temperature sensors.The complete wind tunnel fits on most lab benches and is powered from standard AC outlets. It has a smaller footprint than traditional, closed loop wind tunnels or environmental test chambers.The WT -3067 is provided with a controller for controlling the flow and temperature in the wind tunnel. The controller comes with a graphical user interface to automate the wind tunnel operation. The WT -3067 test section can be accessed from the top door for mounting and repositioning of boards, components and sensors. Internal rail guides provide an easy mechanism to install test specimens of different sizes (e.g. PCB,heat sink).Wind tunnel controllerSoftware screen shot Instrument ports (6) are provided in the side walls of the test section for placing temperature and velocity sensors such as thermocouples, pitot tubes and hot-wire anemometers. Sensors to measure the flow parameters are also available from OMEGA ®.ApplicationsU H igh TemperatureTesting U H eat SinkCharacterization U S ensor CalibrationU C omponent TestingU A erodynamic andPressure Drop MeasurementU M ultiple PCb Testing。

电力半导体热阻流阻测试风洞设计摘要本文设计了一套用于电力半导体热阻流阻测试的低速直流风洞。

介绍电力半导体的基本状况，及测试电力半导体热阻流阻的方法和测试系统，采用风冷系统，其中风洞是设计关键。

由风洞的使用要求，结合安装场地的安装条件建造了一座直流风洞。

文章中主要介绍了风洞的基本概况，风洞的基本设计理论,以及风力机实验的相关知识。

详细的计算了该风洞的压力损失，选择了合理的动力系统，并设计了风洞的图纸。

关键词：低速风洞；流动损失；散热器中图分类号：TH122Design Wind Tunnel Power Semiconductor Heat-sink ThermalResistance and Flow Resistance TestAbstract：This paper designed a thermal flow resistance for power semiconductors speed DC wind tunnel testing. Introduced the basic situation of power semiconductors and power semiconductor thermal flow resistance test method and test system that uses air cooling system, which is designed wind tunnel key. The use of the wind tunnel requirements, combined with the installation site conditions for the construction of a DC installed wind tunnel. Article introduces the basic overview of the wind tunnel, the wind tunnel of the basic design theory and experimental knowledge of the wind turbine. Detailed calculation of the pressure loss of the wind tunnel, select a reasonable power system, and designed wind tunnel drawings.Keyword：Low speed wind tunnel，Flow loss ，RadiatorClassification:TH122符 号 表0A 实验段进口面积2m 0K 当量压力损失系数 1A 进口面积2m Re 雷诺数 2A 出口面积2m β 阻尼网的开孔率 e d 水力直径m λ 摩擦阻力系数 0V 实验段的进口速度m/s R E 风洞能量之比 α 当量扩散角° F 蜂窝器堵塞度 0P 大气压强Pa K 压力损失系数 ρ 气流密度3kg mμ 动力粘性系数 2NS m目次摘要 (I)Abstract： (II)符号表 (III)1.序言 (1)1.1课题背景和意义 (1)1.2国内外研究现状 (2)1.2.1 电力半导体发展 (2)1.2.2电力半导体热阻流阻测试 (2)1.2.3风洞实验 (3)1.3主要研究内容 (4)2设计方案 (5)2.1总体方案 (5)2.2风洞的主要组成部分 (5)2.2.1动力段 (5)2.2.2扩散段 (5)2.2.3稳定段 (6)2.2.4收缩段 (7)2.3 风洞气动外形设计 (7)2.3.1参数要求 (7)2.3.2风洞的气动设计 (7)2.4试验段设计 (8)2.4.1试验段口径与截面形状 (8)2.4.2试验段型式与长度 (8)2．5稳定段设计 (9)2.5.1稳定段直径和收缩比 (9)2.5.2蜂窝器 (10)2.5.3阻尼网 (11)2.6收缩段设计 (13)2.6.1收缩段长度 (13)2.6.2收缩曲线 (14)3 压力损失及风机选择计算 (15)3.1 风洞能量损失研究的意义 (15)3.2 压力损失计算原理 (15)3.3 风洞压力损失计算步骤 (16)3.3.1 气流密度和动力粘性系数 (16)3.3.2 动力段 (16)3.3.3 扩散段 (17)3.3.4 稳定段 (19)3.3.5 收缩段 (20)3.3.6 试验段损失 (21)3.3.7 进出口压力损失系数 (21)3.3.8 总的压力损失系数 (21)4总图与课题总结 (22)参考文献： (23)附录：学位论文数据集 (24)1.序言1.1课题背景和意义风洞指能够人工产生和控制气流来模拟飞行器或这模型周围气体的流动，可量度气流对物体的作用和观察物理现象的一种管道试验设备，也是航空航天飞行器研制，桥梁、车辆、建筑等的研制以及环境保护、发展体育等方面重要试验手段。

———————————————收稿日期：2021-04-14 低温风洞试验模型加工工艺应用研究赵宽1，石端2（1.中国空气动力学研究与发展中心，四川 绵阳 621000； 2.成都凯迪精工科技有限责任公司，四川 成都 610041）摘要：为解决低温风洞试验模型加工周期长、刀具磨损严重、工件易变形等问题，通过采用国产18Ni(200)低温钢材加工二元翼型和支杆模型，对影响模型加工质量、效率和成本的刀具类型、切削速度、进给量、切削深度、打磨方法等工艺参数进行选型和优化，得到了加工该种材料模型的最优工艺参数组合及流程。

通过加工大展弦比半模机翼模型，验证了工艺优化结果的可靠性，给出了该类长薄构型部件加工变形控制的方法和建议。

关键词：低温；风洞；模型；加工工艺 中图分类号：TH16；TH122文献标志码：Adoi ：10.3969/j.issn.1006-0316.2022.02.002文章编号：1006-0316 (2022) 02-0008-07Application Research of Machining Process for Cryogenic Wind Tunnel Test ModelZHAO Kuan 1，SHI Duan 2( 1.China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China;2.Chengdu Kaidi Precision Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China )Abstract ：In order to solve the problems of long process period, high tool wear rate, and easily deforming workpiece in the processing of cryogenic wind tunnel test model, an airfoil model and a support strut model were made using homemade 18Ni(200) steel. The machining process parameters of cutting tools, cutting speed, feed rates, cutting depth, and polishing method, which may influence the processing quality and efficiency, were selected and optimized. The reliability of optimum assembly of parameters and process was verified through making a high aspect ratio wing model, and the control method and advice about long-thin shape model machining deformation was given.Key words ：cryogenic ；wind tunnel ；model ；manufacture process低温风洞是用于进行大型跨声速飞行器（大型客机、大型运输机、远程作战飞机等）飞行雷诺数模拟的地面试验装置，其最低运行温度可达110 K 。

RS232 CommunicationThe wind tunnel controller has the ability to communicate to your PC via RS232 communication through the USB port.CommandsDescription: returns the firmware version number Syntax: ENQ [CR/LF]Description: changes the velocity of a specific fan Syntax: PWM “fan#” “vel” [CF/LF]Notes: “fan#” is a value between 0 and 3; each number representing one of the 4 fans to control. Fan 3 is the fan closest to the base of the wind tunnel. “vel” is a value between 0 and 2400. The fans will not start reliable below a value of 300, so do not command them to operate below this range.Hot Wire Anemometer Correction Factors When using Hot Wire Anemometers in conditions that are other than the standard condition – 29.92 inches of Hg and 70*F (22.2*C), correction factors must be used. The correction factor question for K1 is as follows:K1 = (29.92/P) x (460 + T)/530; whereP = the Barometric pressure in inches of HgT = the ambient temperature in *F.The second correction factor K2 is obtainable from thefollowing table.WGS/START HERE ARRO5WGS/START HERE ARRO6WT-2000Thermal Wind Tunnel***********************®It is the policy of OMEGA Engineering, Inc. to comply with all worldwide safetyand EMC/EMI regulations that apply. OMEGA is constantly pursuing certification ofits products to the European New Approach Directives. OMEGA will add the CEmark to every appropriate device upon certification.The information contained in this document is believed to be correct, butOMEGA accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right toalter specifications without notice.WARNING: These products are not designed for use in, and should not be usedfor, human applications.MQS4634/0114Specifications /manuals/manualpdf/M4634.pdfWARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defectsin materials and workmanship for a period of 13 months fromdate of purchase. OMEGA’s WARRANTY adds an additional one (1)month grace period to the normal one (1) year product warrantyto cover handling and shipping time. T his ensures that OMEGA’scustomers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory forevaluation. OMEGA’s Customer Service Department will issue anAuthorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or writtenrequest. Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to bedefective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. OMEGA’sWARRANT Y does not apply to defects resulting from any action ofthe purchaser, including but not limited to mishandling, improperinterfacing, operation outside of design limits, improper repair,or unauthorized modification. T his WARRANT Y is VOID if the unitshows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence ofhaving been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current,heat, moisture or vibration; improper specification; misapplication;misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA’s control.Components in which wear is not warranted, include but are notlimited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its variousproducts. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility forany omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damagesthat result from the use if its products in accordance withinformation provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written.OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by thecompany will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGAMAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OFANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPTTHAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDINGANY W ARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED.LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forthherein are exclusive, and the total liability of OMEGA withrespect to this order, whether based on contract, warranty,negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise,shall not exceed the purchase price of the component uponwhich liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable forconsequential, incidental or special damages.CONDITIONS: Equipment sold by OMEGA is not intended to be used,nor shall it be used: (1) as a “Basic Component” under 10 CFR 21 (NRC),used in or with any nuclear installation or activity; or (2) in medicalapplications or used on humans. Should any Product(s) be used in orwith any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used onhumans, or misused in any way, OMEGA assumes no responsibilityas set forth in our basic WARRANT Y/DISCLAIMER language, and,additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGAharmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the useof the Product(s) in such a manner.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGACustomer Service Department. BEFORE RE URNING ANYPRODUC(S) O OMEGA, PURCHASER MUS OB AIN ANAUTHORIZED RETURN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA’S CUSTOMERSERVICE DEPART MENT (IN ORDER T O AVOID PROCESSINGDELAYS). T he assigned AR number should then be marked on theoutside of the return package and on any correspondence.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS,please have the followinginformation available BEFOREcontacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number underwhich the product wasPURCHASED,2. Model and serial number ofthe product under warranty, and3. Repair instructions and/orspecific problems relative tothe product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS,consult OMEGA for current repaircharges. Have the followinginformation available BEFOREcontacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number tocoverthe COST of the repair orcalibration,2. Model and serial number of theproduct, and3. R epair instructions and/or specificproblems relative to the product.OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes,whenever an improvement is possible. This affords our customersthe latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a registered trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2014 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved.T his document may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced,translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readableform, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of OMEGAENGINEERING, INC.FMA-904 Hot Wire 0 -2000 FPM 1.04 1.00FMA-905 Hot Wire 0 -5000 FPM 1.00 1.00HHF42 Hot Wire 40-3940 FPM 1.04 1.00Test Chamber:17 x 3.25" Cross SectionFlow Rates:0 to 5 m/s (1000 FPM)Speed:3800 RPMDC Fan Motor:*************.(5.6Wea.)Noise:61 dBA from 1 meter awayPower Input:90-264 Vac @ 47-63HzFuse:2A Fast Acting 5x20mm CartridgeTypeOperatingTemperature: 5 to 45°C (41 to 113°F)OperatingRelativeHumidity: L ess than 80% RH withoutcondensationSize:Wind Tunnel:80.5 L x 18.4 W x 48.4 cm H(31.7 L x 7.3 W x 19.1" H)ElectricalControl Box:16 L x 13.8 W x 6.7 cm H(61⁄4 L x 4 7⁄16 W x 2 11⁄16" H)Weight:Wind Tunnel:12.48 kg (27.5 lb)ElectricalControl Box:0.9 kg (2 lb)room temperature of 22.3°C (70°F) with less than 80%relative humidity and 29,92 inches if Hg barometricpressure.OperationBefore operating the wind tunnel, please follow all precautions then proceed as follows:1. M ake sure the power switch in the back of theelectronic control unit is off, then connect the cable from the DC fans on the wind tunnel to the back of the electrical control box labeled ‘fan control’.2. C onnect the AC input of the control unit to a line voltage (90 to 264 VAC @ 50/60 Hz) with the Power cord provided. Please refer to the accessory table for power cords for other countries.3. T urn on the Power switch in the back. The power LED indicator on the front of the control box will turn on.4. T he four fan LEDs show which fan velocity is going to be modified using the up and down arrows. Once a fan velocity has been set using the arrow keys it will maintain the same velocity, even if the FAN button is pushed to control a different fan or combination of fans. Pushing the FAN button cycles through the possible fan selections: Fan1 only, Fan2 only, Fan3 only, Fan4 only, Fan1 & Fan3, Fan2 & Fan4, Fan2 & Fan3, Fan1 & Fan4, or all 4 Fans. For optimumperformance use the supplied PC interface software to control the fans.5. T o change the fan speed, use the arrow up and arrow down keys. They may be pressed and released for small adjustments, or held for larger adjustments.PC Interface Software (Optional)After following the steps in the previous section for operating the wind tunnel, you can optionally connect the USB cable from a PC with the Omega wind tunnel control software to the wind tunnel electrical control box. This simple software allows for quick, precise open loop control of the DC fan velocities. Connecting the USB cable to the electrical control box will “lockout” the front panel buttons on the electrical control box. The user can verify that the front panel is “locked out” when the 4 fan LEDs are extinguished.Software InstallationInsert the WT-2000 user software CD that was included with your unit into the CD-ROM drive on your PC. Your system should begin the installation process automatically. If it does not, go to my computer, and open the drive in which the user software CD is located. Find and open the Setup.exe installation file. Follow the step-by-step on-screen instructions to complete theinstallation.WGS/START HERE ARROWGS/START HERE ARRO 2WGS/START HERE ARRO34Using This Quick Start ManualUse this Quick Start Manual with your WT-2000 thermal wind tunnel for quick installation and operation. For detailed information, please refer to the User’s Guide (Manual Number M4634).PRECAUTIONS:A wind tunnel’s performance can be severelydiminished if not used properly. Please follow the following tips:• D o not use the wind tunnel in rooms with less than 1800 cubic feet. The air flow creates currents that undermine the wind tunnel’s accuracy.• T here should be at least 1.5 m (5 feet) clear space in front of and behind the wind tunnel. No obstacles, moving objects, or open doors or windows.• L ocate the exhaust towards the largest open area of the room to minimize room air currents. The higher the flow rate, the greater the chance of creating currents.General InformationThe thermal wind tunnel model WT-2000 is designed to produce variable flow rates inside a rectangular 17 by 3 ¼" cross sectional area test chamber. The wind tunnel has an electronic control unit where it controls the four compact, highpower density fans. Velocity can be controlled via simple push buttons user input, or by the free PC based software control via USB cable for optimum performance.The thermal wind tunnel is recommended for the testing of circuit boards and heat sinks, as well as other temperature related products. The four fans can be controlled independently, in groups of two, or all together to produce a wide range of differentair flows.Front View Of Electrical Control BoxUSB Driver InstallationTo install the USB software drivers that are required for your WT-2000 controller to workproperly please follow the following procedure.1.M ake sure the WT-2000 controller power switch is in the off position before connecting it to the computer using the USB cable.2. C onnect the WT-2000 controller by connecting the supplied USB cable between an unused USB port and the WT-2000 controller.3. T urn the power switch on the back of the WT-2000 controller to the on “|” position.4. Y our computer will then launch the Found New Hardware Wizard. Follow the step-by-step on-screen instructions. 5. A fter completing the installation, your system will ask that you repeat this process. This is nor-mal. Repeat the steps outlined here twice. After the second driver is installed you should then get a notification “New Hardware Ready for Use”.Connecting and Controlling the Wind Tunnel Before launching the program you have just installed, ensure that the line cord, fan control cable, and USB cable are connected to the WT-2000 controller.The available COM ports will load when the program is started. To refresh this list, click “File” on themenu bar and click “Refresh COM Ports”. Select the COM port which has been assigned to the WT-2000 controller, and click connect. The rest of the controls will become accessible after a proper connection has been established.There are two distinct ways to control the wind tunnel using the WT-2000 PC interface:1. On the left of the window are the single fan controls. The user can enter a value between 0% and 100% by either typing a value in the text box, using the mouse to click the up or down buttons on the program, or by using the up and down arrows on the keyboard. When typing in a value, the user must press “Enter”, “Return”, or “Tab” on the keyboard to update the value and move to the next control; or use the mouse to navigate to another control.2. O n the right, there are fan selection boxes andgroups present buttons. To use them, check off the fans for which you want to control, and use thepreset control,and use the buttons to change the velocity for each selected fan. The new velocities will be reflected in the Single Controls on the left side of the page, and fine tuning can be completed in the Single Controls box.percentage of fan velocity within the reliable operation of the fan. The values are NOT a true percent of fan velocity, because the fans do not operate reliably below a certain threshold. Both the Controller alone and the Software interface establish the 1% value as slightly above that threshold so that the fans are always running within their reliable operation range.SensingThe WT-2000 wind tunnel has been built with the ability to accommodate for a wide variety of sensors, including temperature sensing devices (such as thermocouples, RTDs, and thermistors) and air velocity sensors (such as hot wireanemometers). There are several ports that can be used to allow for sensors to be inserted into the wind tunnel for measurement during operation. Compression fittings and port hole caps have been included for insertions into desired ports.Sensor ConsiderationsPlease consider the following points while using the WT-2000 with a sensor:• O pen ports may dramatically affect air flow. Please seal measurement ports and close the door tightly to ensure proper flow.• A ir flow will change with the size and the shape of the unit under test.• A void the use of large temperature sensing probes on small devices. They may act as heat sinks; especially with high air velocity. It is suggested to use surface mounted types of temperature sensors for better accuracy.• A void damage to the Honeycomb flow straightener.• W hen using the compression fittings forholding probes in place, use the Teflon ferrule inserts to hold the probe by hand tightening the compression fitting. Do not use tools or wrenches.。

幕墙专业术语中浮法玻璃英文缩写【篇一：幕墙专业术语中浮法玻璃英文缩写】portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 明框玻璃幕墙exposed framing curtain wall 双面胶带 double-faced adhesion band---d.s.t. = double side tapeportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 半隐框玻璃幕墙semi-exposed glass curtain wall-semi-exposed framing glass cutain wall 接触腐蚀 contact corrosionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 隐框玻璃幕墙hidden framing glass curtain wall 相容性 compatibility portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 全玻璃幕墙 full glass curtain wall 内层幕墙强度 tension of the internal curtain wall---strength of the internal curtain wallportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 斜玻璃幕墙inclined glass curtain wall 刚度 rigidityportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 金属幕墙 metal curtain wall 热通道的热阻 thermal resistance of the heat path portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 石材幕墙 stone curtain wall 中空玻璃 hollowed glass -----insulating glass unit (igu)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 组合幕墙composite curtain wall 白玻 clear glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 斜建筑幕墙inclined building curtain wall 密封胶 glazing sealantportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 单元建筑幕墙 unit building curtain wall 支乘装置 support device-supporting deviceportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 小单元建筑幕墙small unit building curtain wall 支乘结构 support structure-supporting structureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 结构玻璃幕墙structural glass curtain wall 玻璃面板 glass panelportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 热反射镀膜幕墙heat reflecting coated curtain wall 传热系数 heat conducting coefficient-coefficient of thermal transmissionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 吊挂式玻璃幕墙suspended glass curtain wall 保温 heat preservationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 点支式玻璃幕墙point supported glass curtain wall 遮阳 sun shading-----sunshadeportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 围护性幕墙enclosing curtain wall 隔热 heat insulationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 装饰性幕墙decorative faced curtain wall 浮法玻璃 float glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 真空玻璃双层幕墙double-layer curtain wall of vacuum glass-double-skin insulated glass curtain wall 钢化玻璃 toughened glass---tempered glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 干挂石材幕墙 dry-hanging stone curtain wall 半钢化玻璃 half toughened glass---heat strengthened glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;>portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 挂钩式幕墙 pot hook curtain wall 风荷载标准值 wind load standard value portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 热反射镀膜幕墙heat reflecting coated curtain wall 传导热阻 conducting thermal resistance----thermal-conduction resistanceportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 围护性幕墙enclosing curtain wall 辐射换热热阻 heat radiation thermal resistanceportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 装饰性幕墙decorative faced curtain wall 双跨连续梁 continuous beam of two spansportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 热反射镀膜幕墙heat reflecting coated curtain wall 温度应力 thermal stress portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 装配误差应力assembly error stressportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 立柱 pillar/mullion portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 斯蒂芬-波尔兹曼常数 stefan-boltzmann s constant 支点 fulcrumportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 努塞尔准数nusselt number 固定铰支座 stationary reamer bearing portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 格拉晓夫准数grashof number 滑动铰支座 slide reamer bearingportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 普朗特准数prandtl number 龙骨 keel-joistportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 幂指数 power exponent power index 附加弯距 additionsl bending moment-secondary moment ???portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 美国建筑物制造协会aama american architectural manufacturers association 铝合金 aluminium alloyportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 美国材料试验协会astm american society for testing and materials 均布荷载uniform loadportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 弹性模量elasticity modulus---modulus of elasticityportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《建筑结构荷载规范》(2006年版)gb50009-2001 load code for the design of building structures (2006 version)gb50009-2001 比热 specific heatportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《建筑抗震设计规范》gb50011-2001 code for seismic design of buildingsgb50011-2001 修正系数 modified coefficient---compensation factorportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《玻璃幕墙工程技术规范》jgj 102-2003 technical code for glass curtain wall engineering jgj 102-2003 换热系数 heat transfer coefficient portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《金属与石材幕墙工程技术规范》jgj 133-2001 technical code for metal and stone curtain walls engineering jgj 133-2001 抗弯刚度 flexural stiffness---flexural rigidityportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《建筑幕墙》jg 3035-1996 building curtain walls jg 3035-1996 折减系数reduction coefficientportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《建筑幕墙物理性能分级》gb/t 15225-1994 graduation of physical performances for building curtain walls gb/t 15225-1994 槽钢 channel steel-channelportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《点支式玻璃幕墙工程技术规程》cecs 127:2001 technical specification for point supported glass curtain wall cecs 127:2001 角钢 angleiron/steel-angle steelportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《外通风双层幕墙制作、安装、验收标准》qb/jh001-2005 fabrication, installation and acceptance test of external ventilated double skin facade qb/jh001-2005 绝缘垫 insulation washerportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《点支式玻璃幕墙支承装置》jg 138-2001 the support device of point supported glass curtain wall jg 138-2001 焊缝 welding lineportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《吊挂式玻璃幕墙支承装置》jg 139-2001 the support device of suspended glass curtain wall jg 139-2001 外围护结构 periphery structure-enclosure constructionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《干挂饰面石材及其金属挂件》jc 830.1～830.2-2005 dry-hanging facing building stone and fixing metal systems jc 830.1~830.2-2005 相互干扰增大系数 mutual interference enhancement coefficientportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《玻璃幕墙光学性能》gb/t 18091-2000 optical properties of glass curtain walls gb/t 18091-2000 檐口 cornice-eavesportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 《建筑幕墙工程技术规程(玻璃幕墙分册)》dbj 08-56-1996 technical code for glass curtain wall engineering dbj 08-56-1996 雨棚 awning---connpy--canopyportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 遮阳板 sun shield---sun visorportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 中梃 muntin portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 风洞试验 wind tunnel experiment---wind tunnel test-expriment in wind tunnel portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;>portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 抗震结构层间位移角限值 allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 偏心距增大系数amplified coefficient of eccentricityportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 螺栓 bolt portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 建筑结构单元building structural unitportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 钢筋混凝土prestressed concrete -----reinforced concreteportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 均布活荷载标准值characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load ----standard value of uniformly distributed live loadportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数 coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loaded steel memher(beam-column)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 红字体表示修改的内容portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 蓝色字体表示最后修改的字体,所有修改依据基于简明建筑工程词汇手册地震作用标准值 characteristic value of earthquake action-----standard value of earthquake actionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 界限偏心距balanced eccentricityportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 楼面、屋面活荷载标准值 characteristic value of live load on floor or roof----standard value of live load on floor or roofportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 钢材牌号designations of steelportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 尺寸偏差dimensional errors-size deviationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 抗震设计earthquake-resistant design-aseismic designportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 计算长度 effective length---calculated length-effective lengthportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 弹性地基板 elastic foundation plateportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 局部抗压强度提高系数 enhanced coefficient of local bearing strength of materials portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 等效均布活荷载equivalent uniformly distributed live loadportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 换算长细比equivalent slenderness ratioportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 欧拉临界力 eulers critical loadportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 风压高度变化系数height variation factor of wind pressureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 楼层侧移刚度lateral displacement stiffness of storeyportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 多道设防抗震建筑multi defence system of earthquake resistant building portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 垫板 padding plate---base plateportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 平面结构 plane structureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 建筑结构材料性能property of building structural materialsportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 木材质量等级quality grade of structural timberportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 建筑结构安全等级safety classes of building structuresportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 钢管 steel pipe-steel tubeportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 钢带 steel strip portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 涡纹 swirl grain portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 墙板结构 wall slab structureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 墙梁 wall beam portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 风振系数 wind fluttering factorportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 从属面积 tributary areaportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 基本风压reference wind load-wind reference pressureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 落地橱窗 french windowportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 飘窗 bay window portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 夹层玻璃laminated glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 有机玻璃 plastic glazingportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 半透明墙和屋顶组合件 translucent wall roof assembliesportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 通风和排气口louvers and ventsportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 可拆卸隔墙demountable partitionsportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 临界荷载 critical loadportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 临界面 critical surfaceportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 对流通风 cross ventilationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 水泥板cementitious decks----floor slabportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 有色金属及合金non-ferrous metals alloysportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 轻质板材 light boardportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 龙骨系统 metal support assembles---keel systemportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 耐火材料refractories-fire-resistive materialportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 采光板daylighting panels-lighting slabportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃钎焊料 glass brazing filler metalportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 支撑物 supporting portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 校正发射率revised emissivityflexural rigidity of section-bending rigidity of sectionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 构件抗弯刚度flexural stiffness of member-bending rigidity of member portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 楼板 floor plate -floor slabportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 框架结构 frame structureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 基础设施infrastructureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 剪力墙 shear wall portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 偏心距 eccentric distance-eccentricityportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 浇注 pouring portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 浇注混凝土concreting-placing concreteportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 换算截面面积 area of transformed sectionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 塞焊缝 plug weld portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 规则抗震建筑regular earthquake resistant buildingportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 铆钉连接 riveted connectionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 无缝钢管seamless steel pipe/tubeportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 换算截面惯性矩second moment of area of tranformed section----moment of intertia of tranformed sectionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 风荷载体型系数shape factor of wind loadportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 简支梁 simple beam-simply-supported beamportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 设计强度 design strengthportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 屋架 roof truss portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 现浇钢筋混凝土结构 cast-in-place reinforced concretesectionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 承载力 bearing capacity-carrying capacityportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 脚手架 scaffold, scaffoldingportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 排气阀 outlet valve----vent valveportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 允许偏差allowable toleranceportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 重直度 verticality -perpendicularityportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 水平度 levelness portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 交流电 alternating currentportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 穿堂风draught/cross ventilationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 胶合板模板plywood formwork----plywood templetportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 组合外墙 exterior wall assemblies-outer compound wallportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 悬臂梁 cantilever beamportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 压花玻璃 figured glass -pattern glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 摩耳 fixing lug portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 格子 grille portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 惯性矩 inertia moment -moment of inertiaportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 夹层玻璃laminated glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 磨光玻璃 polished glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 反射玻璃reflective glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 简支梁 simply supported beamportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 概念设计 design conceptportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 金属隔片 metal spacerportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 施工图 shop drawingportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 竣工图 as-built drawing- record drawingsportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 螺纹连接 screwed connection-----threaded connectionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙南立面图curtain wall south elevationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙西立面图curtain wall west elevationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙北立面图curtain wall north elevationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙展示图curtain wall developmentportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙剖面图curtain wall sectionportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙部份立面图 curtain wall partial elevationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙标准层平面图 curtain wall typical planportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙标准层预埋件平面图 curtain wall typical pre-cast layout planportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 玻璃幕墙节点图curtain wall detailportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 预埋件embedment- embedded partsportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 刚性绝缘体 rigid insulationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 遮阳系数 sun-shading coefficient-sun shading ratioportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 采光顶 skylight portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 剪力墙 shear wallportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> (柱)间距紧凑 close intervalportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 配件预制prefabricationportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 壳体结构 shell system-shell structureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 束筒体系 bundled tube systemportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> (受力)临界点，相变点 critical pointportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 网架结构 grid structureportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 耐候性 resistance against weatheringportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 偏心地/偏心的eccentrically/eccentricportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 顺风 (背风) downwind (leeward)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 迎风 upwind windwardportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 泊桑比 poisson s ratioportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 支托 bracket portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> (突然)开孔(sudden) opening drillingportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 退火玻璃annealed glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 人造的 artificial portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 透明玻璃 clear glass / transparent glassportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 对角线 diagonal portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 平面图、设计图plan-plane figure.design drawingportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 预埋 pre-cast (embed)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;> 通用柱 universal column【收藏】英文|幕墙|术语上一篇：下一篇：【篇二：幕墙专业术语中浮法玻璃英文缩写】硅酮建筑密封胶weather proofing sealant隔音吊顶板acoustical ceiling tile钢带锚固件 steel strap anchor锚具件anchor unit骨料测试 aggregate testing规定的性能标准 specified performance criteria改变外形和排列 alter profiles and alignment高强度钢材high strength steel工厂测试证书 mill test certificate场地 site规格specification高强度螺栓固定连接 high strength bolted connection 钢支撑系统 steel back-up system钢丝刷 wire brushes钢化透明玻璃 tempered clear glass钢化夹胶超白玻璃 tempered laminated low-iron glass 钢化中空透明玻璃 tempered insulated low-e glass高温防火岩棉 fire stop wool钢化中空 low-e 玻璃 tempered insulated low-e glass高温防火密封胶 fire stop sealant硅酮结构密封胶 structural silicone钢龙骨框架 steel stud framing硅橡胶带 silicone rubber硅橡胶泛水板 flashing silicone sheet刚性 rigidity钢门框 steel door frame钢管（直径） steel pipe( diameter)钢加固 steel reinforcement钢质辅助构架部件steel sub-frame component隔栅 grid管套 pipe sleeve盖 cap干挂石 granite cladding干密封 gasket sealed干燥剂 desiccant杆件 member概率 probability钢板 steel panel钢度 rigidty；inflexibility钢化的 tempered钢化玻璃 heat strengthened and fully tempered glass；tempered glass；toughened glass；hardened glass钢化中空玻璃 tempered insulated glass钢化中空 low - e 玻璃 tempered insulated low-e glass 钢化透明玻璃 tempered clear/transparent glass钢结构 steel structure/steelwork钢结构式点支承幕墙 steel structure point supporting curtain wall钢筋 reinforced bar；steel reinforcement钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete钢拉索 steel cable钢码 steel bracket刚性rigidity刚性垫层 rigid fill刚性结点 rigid joint刚性结构 rigid structure刚性绝缘体 rigid insulation刚性支承 rigid support高层建筑 high-rise building高度 height高级碳纤维 high-grade carbon fibre高温防火密封胶 fire stop sealant高温防火岩棉 fire stop wool高温喷涂 pyrolytic coating高温喷涂浮法玻璃 pyrolytic-coated float glass隔断 partition隔断衬板 partition lining隔热玻璃（单元） insulating glass unit隔热衬垫 insulation blanket隔热挡板 thermal baffle隔热数值 thermal/insulation value格构 lattice；trellis格构分格 panel格构结构 latticed structure格栅 grille格子，网格 grid隔板，隔舱 bulkhead隔片 spacer隔音 acoustic attenuation隔声玻璃 acoustical glass隔声材料 acoustical material隔声要求 acoustic requirement个别的 inp>根据 according to工程（技术） engineering工程，项目 project工程，工作 works工程编号 proj. no.（project number）工程拨款 project appropriation工程测量 engineering survey工程进度 progress of works工程项目 construction item工程造价 construction cost工地 site工地质量控制经理 on-site quality control manager 工艺 workmanship工艺说明书 workmanship specification工形i; i-shaped; i-head工形柱 h column公差 tolerance供电系统 power supply system供货商 supplier供暖 heating供暖系统 heating system供应 supply; provide; furnish; offer公共通道 public passage公共照明 public lighting供货商 supplier公料 male extrusion公制 metric拱肩 spandrel拱肩玻璃 spandrel glass共振，回声 resonance沟槽，刻槽 groove构件 component/member/element构件式玻璃幕墙 component glass curtain wall 固定 fix固定端 fixed end固定爪spider fixing顾问 consultant故障 defect刮痕scratch挂钩 hook挂件 bracket, anchor bracket, hanger管道，沟渠 conduit管件系统 ductwork管井 shaft管状的，空心的tubular惯性 inertia惯性矩 inertia moment光电幕墙 photoelectric curtain wall光泽 gloss规定 specify规定标准 specified standards规范 specifications/code规格，详述 specification硅胶嵌缝 silicone joint硅树脂 silicone硅酮结构密封胶 structural silicone硅酮密封剂 silicone sealant硅酮耐候密封胶 weather proofing sealant 滚动痕迹 roller mark过道 passageway; gangway; corridor过滤网 filter net。

e-mail:**************WT-3104Research Quality Benchtop Wind TunnelShop online atUser’s GuideFor latest product manuals:It is the policy of OMEGA Engineering, Inc. to comply with all worldwide safety and EMC/EMI regulations that apply. OMEGA is constantly pursuing certification of its products to the European New Approach Directives. OMEGA will add the CE mark to every appropriate device upon certification.The information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.WARNING: These products are not designed for use in, and should not be used for, human applications.SYSTEM UTILITYThe WT-3104 is a unique open loop wind tunnel for thermal characterization of components, boards and heat sinks. The unit is made of Aluminum, stainless steel and Plexi-glass TM and produces flows up to 1200 ft/min (10 m/s) with the appropriate fans. Its unique polynomial shape nozzle creates uniform flow in the test section. The general characteristics of the WT-3104 are shown in the table below.The WT-3104test section can be accessed from the front door for mounting of the boards. A unique internal rail guides (Upon request) provide mechanisms for installation of test specimen of different sizes (e.g., PCB, heat sink). Installation of different fan trays can be provided with the system to accommodate a broad range of velocities that maybe required for different testing applications. However the standard fan tray in conjunction with the control ON/OFF box provides adequate flow range for most applications. The fan trays are equipped with 24 volt-DC fans, which are individually controlled to generate the flow inside the WT-3104. Instrument ports are provided throughout the test section (on the front and side-walls) for placement of temperature, velocity and pressure sensors. The ON/OFF control box is provided to turn the fans on/off for the purpose of controlling the airflow inside the tunnel. Sensors to measure the flow parameters are also supplied by Omega as optional accessories. A wind tunnel controller can also be supplied by Omega for controlling the flow automatically.The WT-3104 can be used for the following applications:Heat Sink Testing- Characterize a variety of heat sink sizes for natural and forcedconvection cooling.Heat Sink Comparison- Test two heat sinks side by side and compare their thermalperformance in the same environment.Component Testing-Test vehicle for component characterization.PCB Testing-Test actual or simulated PCBs for thermal and flow distribution.Flow Visualization- Observe flow distribution when a PCB or test object is placed in the tunnel by smoke or buoyant bubbles through the all Plexi-glass™ test section.Variable Speed-Change the flow rate by controlling the fan RPM.Flow Direction- Test the effect of flow direction (fan failure simulation) by controlling thefans (either variable RPM or on/off).Quick Access-Quickly change the test specimen through the side panel.Sensor Port- Measure pressure, velocity and temperature through the ports at the entranceand exhaust of the test section.Data Center - View data and monitor events at the data center (optional accessory)The part numbers identified in Figure 1 show the system components of the WT-3104 system. These part numbers are described below: 1. Test Section 2. Instrument ports 3. Fan tray 4. Diffuser section 5. Fan box (0n/off) 6. Nozzle section 7. Controller 8. Fan connector 9. Test door 10. Honeycomb 11. Screens12. Rails (optional)SYSTEM COMPONENTSFigure 1: WT-3104 System ComponentsSYSTEM OPERATIONGeneral Testing:1. Release the clamps on front door to have access to the test section.2. Mount your specimen (e.g., component, PCB or heat sink) in the test section.3. Clamp the door back on the WT-31044. Place flow measurement instrument in the instrument port.5. Connect the fan cable to the controller box.6. Connect the fan controller box to a DC power supply wind tunnel controller if equipped.Important Note: Voltage to the fans cannot exceed 26 Volts-DC.7. Adjust voltage until desired flow rate is attained.Component and Heat Sink Testing:1. Release the clamps on front door to have access to the test section.2. Mount your component(s) in the test section.3. Clamp the door back on the WT-31044. Connect the fans to a variable DC power supply. Voltage to the fans cannot exceed 26Volts-DC. Adjust voltage until desired flow level is attained.5. Insert the velocity and temperature probes into the instrument ports provisioned inupstream of the test section.6. Turn on the power supplies and start the experiment.Wind tunnel characterization:In order to characterize the velocity profile in tunnel there are two ways of doing that. In the first approach multiple velocity measuring sensors such as a TVS- 1100 series sensor or any hotwire anemometer sensor can be used at equal spacing from each other across the width of thewind tunnel. The second approach is to use a single velocity measuring sensor and measurethe flow at equal distances. In either approach the velocity should be measured away from thewalls abou t ¾”. The velocity measured close to the walls can be affected by boundary layer andthe reading will be different than the reading at the center of the tunnel.WARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 13 months from date of purchase. OMEGA’s WARRANTY adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal one (1) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. This ensures that OMEGA’s customers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA’s Customer Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request.Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. OMEGA’s WARRANTY does not apply to defects resulting from any action of the purchaser,including but not limited to mishandling, improper interfacing, operation outside of design limits, improper repair, or unauthorized modification. T his WARRANT Y is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of having been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion;or current, heat, moisture or vibration; improper specification; misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA’s control. Components in which wear is not warranted, include but are not limited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written. OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by the company will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGA MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND W HATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forth herein are exclusive, and the total liability of OMEGA with respect to this order, whether based on contract, warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable for consequential, incidental or special damages.CONDITIONS: Equipment sold by OMEGA is not intended to be used, nor shall it be used: (1) as a “Basic Component” under 10 CFR 21 (NRC), used in or with any nuclear installation or activity; or (2) in medical applications or used on humans. Should any Product(s) be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used on humans, or misused in any way, OMEGA assumes no responsibility as set forth in our basic WARRANTY /DISCLAIMER language, and, additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of the Product(s) in such a manner.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department. BEFORE RET URNING ANY PRODUCT (S) T O OMEGA, PURCHASER MUST OBTAIN AN AUT HORIZED RET URN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA’S CUST OMER SERVICE DEPART MENT (IN ORDER T O AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). The assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.The purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent breakage in transit.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1.Purchase Order number under which the product was PURCHASED,2.Model and serial number of the product under warranty, and3.Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS,consult OMEGA for current repair charges. Have the followinginformation available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number to cover the COST of the repair,2.Model and serial number of the product, and3.Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. This affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a registered trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2009 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. T his document may not be copied, photocopied,reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without theprior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.Where Do I Find Everything I Need for Process Measurement and Control?OMEGA…Of Course!Shop online at SMTEMPERATUREⅪߜThermocouple, RTD & Thermistor Probes, Connectors, Panels & AssembliesⅪߜWire: Thermocouple, RTD & ThermistorⅪߜCalibrators & Ice Point ReferencesⅪߜRecorders, Controllers & Process MonitorsⅪߜInfrared PyrometersPRESSURE, STRAIN AND FORCEⅪߜTransducers & Strain GagesⅪߜLoad Cells & Pressure GagesⅪߜDisplacement TransducersⅪߜInstrumentation & AccessoriesFLOW/LEVELⅪߜRotameters, Gas Mass Flowmeters & Flow ComputersⅪߜAir Velocity IndicatorsⅪߜTurbine/Paddlewheel SystemsⅪߜTotalizers & Batch ControllerspH/CONDUCTIVITYⅪߜpH Electrodes, Testers & AccessoriesⅪߜBenchtop/Laboratory MetersⅪߜControllers, Calibrators, Simulators & PumpsⅪߜIndustrial pH & Conductivity EquipmentDATA ACQUISITIONⅪߜData Acquisition & Engineering SoftwareⅪߜCommunications-Based Acquisition SystemsⅪߜPlug-in Cards for Apple, IBM & CompatiblesⅪߜDatalogging SystemsⅪߜRecorders, Printers & PlottersHEATERSⅪߜHeating CableⅪߜCartridge & Strip HeatersⅪߜImmersion & Band HeatersⅪߜFlexible HeatersⅪߜLaboratory HeatersENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROLⅪߜMetering & Control InstrumentationⅪߜRefractometersⅪߜPumps & TubingⅪߜAir, Soil & Water MonitorsⅪߜIndustrial Water & Wastewater TreatmentⅪߜpH, Conductivity & Dissolved Oxygen InstrumentsM-5349/0913。

歧管式射流微通道液冷散热性能
刘帆;张芫通;陶成;胡成玉;杨小平;魏进家
【期刊名称】《化工学报》
【年(卷),期】2024(75)5
【摘要】随着信息技术进步,芯片向大面积、高功率方向发展,对热管理提出了严峻挑战。

微通道液冷能够解决高功率芯片散热难题,但传统平直微通道热沉流阻大、温度均匀性差。

提出了一种耦合歧管式进出液结构、分布式射流和微针翅的新型歧管式微通道散热器,在平均热通量高于330 W/cm^(2)、总功率达到2500 W时,芯片平均温度低于70℃,实现了高效散热。

通过数值模拟发现:降低散热器射流腔高度可显著强化传热,但整体压降也随之陡升,存在一个最佳射流腔高度;散热器底板的微针翅尺寸及其与射流腔的相对尺寸是新型歧管式微通道散热器的重要结构参数,微针翅的存在并不是绝对有益于传热强化。

定义了微针翅与射流腔之间相对高度的无量纲参数——翅占比,存在临界翅占比使得阻碍效应和强化效应相抵消,当翅占比高于这一临界值时才能达到强化换热效果。

本研究为新型歧管式微通道散热器的设计提供了指导。

【总页数】10页(P1777-1786)
【作者】刘帆;张芫通;陶成;胡成玉;杨小平;魏进家
【作者单位】中兴通讯股份有限公司;西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TQ028.8
【相关文献】
1.典型微通道液冷冷板散热性能试验研究
2.基于双层分形微通道的液冷板散热性能分析
3.分级歧管微通道阵列散热器流动与散热特性研究
4.微通道液冷冷板散热特性研究
5.锂电池微通道液冷板散热性能分析
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

树冠降温效应的风洞试验及关联模型徐伟;付海明【摘要】The influence of structural characteristics of single plant canopy were analyzed in different wind speed and ambient temperature by wind tunnel experiment.According to the characteristics of canopy structure,the related structural parameters of the leaf area index and the filling ratio were proposed.Through regression analysis of the influence of canopy structure parameters on the thermal environment,the equations of the relation between the coefficient of canopy temperature drop and wind speed and leaf area index were put forward.To verify the adaptability of the correlation,a variety of tree species were tested.The results show that the canopy has significant cooling effect on the surrounding thermal environment,and the canopy temperature drop coefficient shows a certain regularity with the structural parameters,wind speed and ambient temperature.The cooling effect is different for the different size of the canopy leaves.The proposed canopy temperature drop correlation has certain applicability,but it is necessary to make some corrections to predict the cooling effect of different canopies.%通过风洞试验,分析了不同风速和环境温度下单一品种树冠结构特性对环境温度的影响.针对树冠结构特性提出相关结构参数(叶面积指数、填充率),讨论了其对周围热环境的影响规律,提出了树冠温度下降系数与风速、叶面积指数的关联表达式,并采用多种树冠的测试数据对该关联式的适应性进行对比验证.结果表明:树冠对周围空气热环境有显著的降温效果,树冠温度下降系数与其结构参数、风速和环境温度呈一定规律;叶片尺寸不同的树冠,其降温效果也不同;提出的树冠温降关联式具有一定的适用性,但预测不同树冠的降温效仍需进行必要的修正.【期刊名称】《东华大学学报（自然科学版）》【年(卷),期】2017(043)006【总页数】6页(P908-913)【关键词】风洞试验;树冠;环境温度;热环境【作者】徐伟;付海明【作者单位】东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620;东华大学国家环境保护纺织工业污染防治工程技术中心,上海201620;东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620;东华大学国家环境保护纺织工业污染防治工程技术中心,上海201620【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TU831.3提高城市绿化率已经成为缓解城市热岛效应、节约能源和提高人体热舒适条件的重要策略[1].植被冠层小气候环境是冷却和调节空气环境的主要因素，日间树冠周围温度相比其他地方普遍低2 ℃，在有些时间甚至可以达到6 ℃[2].研究发现，绿化形式和面积是影响环境温度的主要因素，不同类型植被之间存在差异，并且树的阴影可以有效降低空气温度.然而，在没有阴影的绿化地区或低矮植被地区，空气环境温度也会发生改变，这表明可能是植被蒸发冷却发挥了作用[3-4].文献[5]对炎热的干旱地区的6种景观策略进行了研究，使用树冠和草坪的不同组合与一个架空的遮阳网进行对比，结果发现，采用绿化措施的空气温度要明显低于遮阳网的情况，且遮荫树和草坪组合的情况产生的温度下降高达2.5 ℃.文献[6]研究表明，绿化可以大大改善城市小气候，减轻热岛效应，降低夏季空气温度，随着绿化面积和绿化率的增加，植被使周围环境温度的下降高达4 ℃.这种效果不仅作用于绿化地区本身，更可以影响背风面几千米的地区.因此，增加城市环境中的植被是减轻热岛效应的一种有效方式，并有利于城市中心大气环境温度的降低.文献[7]用现场监测数据和气象模拟的方法对热岛现象的成因和影响进行了讨论，结果表明，地表反照率和植被覆盖率可以有效改变近地表气候.绿化面积的增加可使空气温度降低约2 ℃，在某些情况下，局部空气温度下降可以达到4 ℃.植被影响环境温度，不仅因为其可以阻挡日光直射和产生阴影，且植被叶片的蒸腾作用也是决定因素[8].文献[9]研究了植被和城市农业的蒸腾量对缓解城市温度的影响，结果表明，城市环境中的树冠可以导致周围环境温度降低0.5～4.0 ℃.文献[10]利用地面激光扫描(TLS)的三维树木冠层和遮阴数据分析植被的冷却效果，发现树的冷却效果随树冠大小和密度、叶的光学性能的不同而变化，树冠体积和叶面积指数导致的降温峰值可达到3 ℃，对4种林地(香樟、水杉、广玉兰、阔混交林)进行对比分析可知，水杉林地降温效果最大，其余由大到小依次是香樟、广玉兰、阔混交林林地.此研究结果可用于指导及帮助城市绿地规划选择最好的树种.综上所述，植被绿化具有降低环境温度、增加环境湿度的作用，是缓解城市热岛效应的有效手段，然而关于树冠结构特性对环境温度影响的定量研究较少，不利于通过城市绿化及规划设计的方法缓解城市热岛效应.因此，本文通过风洞试验对绿色植被的叶面积指数、环境的流动风速及温度与树冠的降温效应进行测试，旨在于探讨单一品种树冠的降温效应与其主要影响因素的关联关系，为城市的绿化及规划设计提供理论依据，以便提高城市绿化率及缓解城市热岛效应.1 风洞试验1.1 植被对环境温度的影响植被对环境温度的影响主要包含3个方面：(1)遮阳降低太阳辐射得热；(2)植物的蒸腾作用将太阳辐射转化为潜热来调节日光导致的热增益；(3)叶片表面与空气的对流换热[6].本文主要研究树冠对来流空气的温度影响，因此遮阳效果对试验影响较小，主要考虑后两方面的影响.本文将树木当做多孔介质进行处理，并作如下简化：将冠层部分(树叶+树枝)考虑为整体，即将树枝近似为树叶；忽略树干的影响.本文的试验样本选取新鲜的树枝叶，将其扎成与现实树木冠层相似的形状，且与现实树冠具备相同的热物性，保持置于风洞中的样本与位于行道的树木的物理现象相似.由于上海地区夏季平均风速为3.1 m/s，试验设备的风速范围设定为1～3 m/s.采用风洞试验装置与实际物理现象、几何尺寸及雷诺准则相似.1.2 风洞试验参数风洞试验装置如图1所示.A、 B、 C为测试点，A-B为对比段，其间均匀分布着3个风速测孔(如图1中圆圈所示)，B-C为试验段，其长度为0.7 m， D-E为填充区域，其长度为0.5 m，矩形风管横截面尺寸为0.255 m×0.265 m.1—变频器； 2—风机； 3—加热器； 4—整流栅； 5—干湿球温度计； 6—栅栏；7—表盘； 8—调压旋钮图1 风洞试验装置Fig.1 Experimental apparatus of wind tunnel通过改变置于填充区域内的试验树枝的数量以及叶片数，获得不同的叶面积指数和填充率.试验时，通过加热器和调压旋钮输入定常热量获得3种不同的空气温度(25、30和35 ℃)，调节无级变频装置(0～50 Hz内无级调节)向测试段输送速度为1～3 m/s的连续风.通过热线风速仪在风速测孔处测量风速，利用A、 B、 C 3个测点的干湿球温度计测量温度，并通过表盘连接计算机记录A、 B、 C测点的空气干球温度.2 试验方案设计2.1 试验内容本试验所采用的树叶均为上海地区校园常见常青树种，在3种环境温度(25、 30和35 ℃)条件下，分别测试了5种不同风速(1～3 m/s)下5种叶面积指数树冠的降温效果.试验树叶选择叶片大小适当的大叶香樟树叶，并采用其他树种叶片(小叶香樟、白杨树、灌木)进行了重复试验，以验证不同树种之间是否具有相同的规律.根据叶片尺寸的不同，引入等效直径de，即与叶片具有相同面积的圆的直径.将de≤5 cm的树叶视为小叶片，如小叶香樟；5 cm<de≤ 10 cm的树叶视为中等叶片，如大叶香樟和灌木；de>10 cm的树叶视为大叶片，如白杨树.2.2 数据处理依据上述方法采用变频风机改变风速，采用干湿球温度计测量气流经过树枝前后的温度降，获得树枝前后温差与叶面积指数、填充率及风速变化关系曲线.本文定义温度降Δt=tB-tC，为树冠前段空气温度(tB)和树冠后段空气温度(tC)之间的气温差，计算所有的实测温度降并取其平均值.其中A-B段为无填充对比段，通过对比可明显观察到树冠对空气温度的影响程度以及试验误差.3 结果与讨论本文旨在探究温度下降系数(Ct)与环境温度(t)、树冠结构参数(叶面积指数(LLAI)和填充率(Vp))、风速(v)之间的关系.目前，国内外关于树冠结构参数对空气温度影响的定量研究成果比较少，本文依据风洞试验结果对其进行简单的量化分析，采用文献[11]提出的树冠温度下降模型，如式(1)所示.Δt=Ct·t(1)本文在式(1)的基础上考虑树冠本身蒸腾作用对周围环境温度的影响，而蒸腾作用与环境温度相关[6]，故假设温度下降系数是关于环境温度、树冠结构参数及风速的函数，改变树冠结构参数及风速进行试验，研究温度下降系数与树冠结构参数及风速的关联.3.1 叶面积指数和填充率之间的关系通常可采用叶面积指数和填充率来描述单一品种树冠的结构参数.叶面积指数又叫叶面积系数，是指单位土地面积上植物叶片总面积占土地面积的倍数，其是反映植物群体生长状况的一个重要指标.本文采用树叶图像扫描技术，测试树叶的总表面积，采用总表面积与其沿气流流动方向的投影面积之比，可获得单一品种树冠的叶面积指数.如果将树冠视为多孔介质，那么可采用填充率来描述树冠结构.填充率为树叶的实际体积与其所占有的表观总体积之比.试验采用浸水法进行填充率测试，即将树叶及树枝浸入固定容积的容器内，计算其排除的体积与容器体积之比，即可获得某品种树冠的填充率.4种不同品种的树冠填充率与其叶面积指数关系测试结果如图2所示.图2 4种不同品种的树冠填充率与叶面积指数的关系Fig.2 Relationship between filling rate and leaf area index of four kinds of tree species由图2可知，填充率与叶面积指数成线性正比关系，其线性相关系数与树冠种类相关，二者为非独立自变量，故可采用填充率或叶面积指数来描述树冠结构.本文采用叶面积指数研究其与树冠温度下降系数的相关关系.3.2 树冠下降温度与其影响因素分析由相关研究文献及试验结果可知，树冠温度下降的主要影响因素为叶面积指数、风速及环境温度.本文采用大叶香樟树叶在3种不同环境温度下进行风洞试验，得到树冠温度下降量与风速及叶面积指数的关系图如图3所示.(a) 25 ℃(b) 30 ℃(c) 35 ℃图3 不同环境温度下树冠温度下降量与风速及叶面积指数的关系Fig.3 The relationship between canopy temperature drop and wind speed and leaf area index under different ambient temperatures由图3可知：当环境温度较低为25 ℃时，温降较小且误差较大，无法观察到明显的变化规律，但还是可以看出温降随叶面积指数的增加而增大；当环境温度上升至30 ℃时，已经可以观察到明显的变化规律，温降随叶面积指数的增加而增大，随风速增大而减小，误差也相对减小；当环境温度为35 ℃，这种变化趋势已经非常明显了，试验误差随环境温度增加而减小，在这时已在可以接受的范围内.纵观图3可以看出，温度下降系数与环境温度和叶面积指数成正比，与风速成反比.下面将讨论Ct与这3个参数的具体关系.由于环境温度为25 ℃时的温降较小且误差较大，这里主要以环境温度为30和35 ℃作为主要讨论依据.由图3可以发现，温度下降系数与环境温度、叶面积指数和风速相关，即Ct=f(it， LLAI， iv)，其中，it为环境温度除以基准温度(取35 ℃)，iv为试验风速除以基准风速(取1 m/s)，实现温度和速度的无量纲化.风洞试验所得温度变化(经过无量纲处理)与风速之间的关系如图4所示.试验所得温度变化(经过无量纲处理)与叶面积指数之间的关系如图5所示.(a) 30 ℃(b) 35 ℃图4 不同叶面积指数下树冠温度下降与风速的拟合关系Fig.4 Fitting relationship between canopy temperature drop and wind speed under different leaf area indexes(a) 30 ℃(b) 35 ℃图5 不同风速下树冠温度下降与叶面积指数的拟合关系Fig.5 Fitting relationship between canopy temperature drop and leaf area index under different wind speed根据风洞试验所得树冠温度下降系数与叶面积指数和风速之间关系，本文提出如下表达式：式中：a、 b、 c、 d、 e均为拟合系数.在以下分析中利用此表达式进行拟合.根据风洞试验所得温度变化与叶面积指数和风速之间的关系，将所有的试验结果拟合得出：Ct =(-3.35×10-2+5.22×10-3×LLAI+R2=0.795(2)所以Δt=(-3.35×10-2+5.22×10-3×LLAI+(3)为了验证式(3)是否适用于其他树种，本文选取其他3种树种进行了重复试验，包括叶片尺寸较小的小叶香樟、叶片尺寸偏大的白杨树以及叶片尺寸与本试验叶片大小相当的灌木树叶.当环境温度为35 ℃、风速为2.5 m/s时，不同树冠的温度下降系数与叶面积指数的关系如图6所示.当环境温度为35 ℃、叶面积指数为8.2时，不同树冠温度下降系数与风速的关系如图7所示.图6 不同树冠的温度下降系数与叶面积指数的关系(风速为2.5 m/s时)Fig.6 The relationship between canopy temperature drop coefficient and leaf area index of different tree species(when wind speed is 2.5 m/s)图7 不同树冠的温度下降系数与风速的关系(叶面积指数为8.2时)Fig.7 The relationship between canopy temperature drop coefficient and wind speed of different tree species(when leaf area index is 8.2)由图6可知，不同树种之间的温度下降系数并不相同，本文提出的树冠温降关联式预测值与不同树冠的试验测试值存在一定偏差.其中：叶片尺寸与本试验相当的灌木树叶的Ct偏差较小，约为15%；叶片尺寸较小的小叶香樟相差最大，特别是叶面积指数极小的情况；叶片尺寸较大的白杨树的Ct与本试验结果偏差较大，约为60%，而且Ct预测与试验偏差随叶面积指数的上升而增大.由图7可以发现，在叶面积指数较小为8.2时，灌木树叶的Ct与本试验拟合结果偏差最小，约为5%，小叶香樟和白杨树叶的Ct均与本试验拟合结果有较大偏差，约为50%，且这两种叶片的偏差程度是相当的.因此，本文试验结果可以适用于叶面积指数适当的相似尺寸树叶，其他小叶片或者大叶片的树种可能需要进行相关修正.产生偏差的原因除了叶片尺寸之外，还包括人为误差、试验风管的局限性、每次试验需采集新鲜叶片.由图7可知，不同树冠的温度下降系数与风速的关系变化趋势是基本一致的.本文提出的树冠温度下降系数关联表达式在相近树种间具有一定的适用性，对其进行必要的修正可预测不同树冠的降温效应.因国内外直接研究树冠结构参数对周围环境温度(主要是来流空气)影响的文献较少，因此无法做直接对比.本文在风洞中进行试验，叶片所类比的树冠和风洞组成了一个微环境，在叶面积指数为11.81的情况下最大温降为1.15 ℃.4 结语本文采用风洞试验的方法，在3种环境温度、5种风速条件下，研究了5种叶面积指数的大叶香樟树冠对周围环境温度的影响规律.依据试验结果，拟合得出树冠温度下降系数与叶面积指数和风速之间的关联表达式.同时，对其他树种进行重复试验，并将试验结果与本文拟合结果进行对比，发现只有叶片尺寸与大叶香樟相似的灌木树叶的树冠温度下降系数拟合结果与试验结果具有高度的相似性，叶片尺寸较小和较大的树种均存在较大偏差.因此，本文拟合的树冠温度下降系数关联表达式可适用于叶片尺寸与大叶香樟相似的树种，如用于其他叶片尺寸的树种，拟合表达式需加入其他参数或进行修正，此内容有待进一步研究.本文试验结果存在一定的不确定性，多次重复试验后发现每次测试结果存在一定偏差，可能是测量仪器本身的精度局限性对结果造成的偏差.另外，本文试验仅在实验室进行，未在其他地区进行验证，具有一定的地域局限；采取风洞试验的形式，树叶的堆积形态与实际树冠存在一定差异；风洞试验风管的局限性可能导致叶面积指数较大时与实际环境下的树冠结构参数存在较大差异.上述这些因素对本文树冠温降关联式的预测结果有一定影响，有待进一步完善.参考文献[1] KURN D M， BRETZ S E， HUANG B， et al. 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Tesla Model Y -Thermal Management System 热管理系统H V A CRear end of the vehicle 汽车后方LH side of the vehicle汽车左侧RH side of the vehicle汽车右侧Front of the vehicle 汽车前方Advance Analysis and Findings 先进分析和发现T esla Model Y –Bigger Vehicle, but same performance as Model 3特斯拉Model Y -车型更大，但性能与Model 3相同Description Model 3Model YLength184.8 in (4,694 mm)187 in (4,751 mm)Width82.2 in (2,088 mm)83.8 in (2,129 mm)Height56.8 in (1,443 mm)63.9 in (1,624 mm)GVWR5,073 lbs(2,301 kg)5,302 lbs(2,405 kg)Model Y Model 3+20 MilesModel Y –bigger and heavier than Model 3更大更重Model Y –uses same battery as Model 3使用相同电池Model Y –better range than Model 3 更长里程Tesla achieved better performance in Model Y using new thermalmanagement techniqueWhy Thermal Management is Important in Electric Vehicles ? /为什么热管理在电动汽车中很重要？Need for Thermal Management System in EVs / 电动汽车对热管理系统的需求❑Electric Vehicles have several requirements for an effective Thermal Management System / 电动汽车对有效的热管理系统有几个要求▪Cooling Propulsion motors and other medium to high temperature components / 冷却推进电机和其他中高温部件▪Cooling electronics at a medium to low temperature / 中低温冷却电子设备▪Cooling or Heating Batteries to a specific range (70F –90F) / 将电池冷却或加热到特定范围（70F–90F）▪Cooling or Heating the Cabin and Occupants / 冷却或加热驾驶室和乘客❑Electric Vehicles must address these needs and overcome some fundamental problems / 电动汽车必须满足这些需求并克服一些根本问题▪Finite amount of energy on board for Heating and Cooling / 用于加热和制冷的能源有限▪With no I.C. Engine, a much lower availability of waste heat / 在没有内燃机的情况下，废热的利用率要低得多How T esla has addressed thermal management in Model Y ? /特斯拉如何解决Model Y的热管理问题？Tesla Model Y has chosen a new approach to address thermal management / 特斯拉Model Y选择了一种新的方法来解决热管理问题❑Heat pump system for cabin heating & battery management / 热泵系统用于舱内加热和电池管理❑Complex coolant circuit to enable multiple operational modes to use available waste heat and allow unique interface between coolant and refrigerant systems / 复杂的冷却液回路，使多种操作模式能够利用可用的余热，并在冷却液和制冷剂系统之间建立独特的接口❑Complex 1234-YF refrigerant heat pump circuit to allow multiple options for refrigerant flow to cabin and under hood heat exchangers / 复杂的1234-YF制冷剂热泵回路允许多种制冷剂流向座舱和发动机舱盖下热交换器❑Indirect condensing and heat pump evaporation using single coolant heat exchanger(low temp radiator) to front end of vehicle (airstream) / 使利用单冷却液换热器（低温散热器）对车辆前端（气流）进行间接冷凝和热泵蒸发Advance Analysis and Findings by Caresoft Expert T eam / Caresoft专家团队的先进分析和发现▪Design and Functional Parameter Study Report 设计和功能参数研究报告▪Performance Test Data and Report性能试验数据和报告▪High Energy Scan System level Output (video format)高能扫描系统级输出（视频格式）▪Detailed Engineering CAD and CAE Mesh Model详细工程CAD与CAE网格模型Performed by Cooling System由冷却系统执行/ HVAC Industry Expert暖通空调行业专家Former VP Engineering at Mahle马勒前副总裁(In charge of product line engineering –Mahle, USA and Project Management –USA, Japan, Germany负责美国马勒的产品线工程和美国、日本、德国的项目管理)Caresoft Deliverables in Model Y Thermal Management System / Caresoft在Model Y热管理系统中的可交付成果Model Y Thermal Management –Caresoft Package / Model Y 热管理–Caresoft 包Knowledge Sessions (Workshop)知识会议（研讨会）Engineering Package / 工程包Detailed CAD & CAE / 详细的CAD 和CAE Teardown Data Package / 拆解数据包Advanced Analysis Package /先进分析包Design and Functionality Study / 设计和功能研究Performance Test / 性能试验HE Scan Output Video / 高能扫描输出视频Caresoft will conductKnowledge Sessions on Model Y Thermal Management System with Industry Experts at NO COST /Caresoft 将与行业专家举办免费的Model Y 热管理系统知识讲座Complete in-depth analysis on Model Y Thermal Management 全面深入分析Model Y 热管理Model Y Thermal Management Deliverables PackageModel Y热管理交付包Engineering CAD and CAE工程CAD and CAE3D CAD Model / 三维CAD模型Cooling System冷却系统HVAC System暖通空调系统Thermal management system integration with Battery & Powertrain热管理系统与电池和动力系统集成CAE Mesh Model with Material Information / 具有材料信息的CAE网格模型HVAC System暖通空调系统Cooling System冷却系统Performance data provides cooling down & heating up data. OEMs can decide on the design of thermal system components and air inflow to be on cost reduction standpoint or more efficient standpoint. / 性能数据提供冷却和加热数据。