全国硕士研究生入学测验英语模拟试题第二套答案

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other life changes also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be abletomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when youre _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-minded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretful20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,arguesthat the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,saysCoyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in theUnited States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor aboutone-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic woodsupply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a fewconsider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But thats a very shortsightedview,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,dont respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And its a reminder that theEPAs involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,arent thinking about next years blue erab harvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.Itsworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its usershealth information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hopingto bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended period of time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in aschool-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they re going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet programassistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Studentsdetermination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟训练卷（2）下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Exposure to UV radiation is the main cause of the most common forms of skin cancer. And one of the most effective ways to 1it, of course, is sunscreen. “Any conversation on sunscreen must start with acknowledging that there is 2 evidence that it prevents skin cancer,”says Richard Weller, honorary consultant dermatologist at the University of Edinburgh. This is why, although skin cancer is rising in some countries, it’s decreasing in others—particularly those that have raised the most 3around the importance of using sunscreen. But some researchers have raised concerns that, despite being an 4 important tool in our fight against skin cancer, the 5 of sunscreen may need to be improved to contain safer ingredients—and, at worst, some sunscreens could be damaging our health. Earlier this year the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—one of the two main global regulators of sunscreen ingredients around the world 6the European Commission—714 of the 16 chemicals found in sunscreens from its “generally accepted as safe and effective” category. Two types of UV filters can be used for sunscreen. The most commonly used are known as organic filters, which absorb UV radiation and 8 it into safer radiation. Inorganic UV filters like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide—which are broadly considered safe—9 UV radiation away from the skin. It’s long been 10 that some organic filters are absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream. This alone doesn’t mean sunscreen is unsafe, but there is growing focus on the potential 11effects of the most common UV filter worldwide:oxybenzone. In one study from 2015, researchers studied 500 couples who were trying to 12 and found that female partners with higher concentrations of oxybenzone had a 30% lower chance of getting pregnant. There are also 13that sunscreen prevents the human body from making vitamin D, which we mostly get from sun exposure. After all, vitamin D deficiency might be more 14than we think—could sunscreen use be to blame? It shouldn’t be a major cause, says Rachel Neale, associate professor at QIMR Berghofer. “The 15 of sunburn is different to vitamin D production, and there is a 16of evidence suggesting that using sunscreen doesn’t seem to influence vitamin D levels much,” says Neale. Concerns around sunscreen blocking vitamin D production also may be 17 because so few people use sunscreen correctly. It’s 18 we put two mg/cm2 on our skin, around six teaspoons. Most people 19 around a quarter of that, he says. For those concerned about potential effects of UV filters being absorbed into your skin, a sunscreen containing inorganic filters may be the better 20.1. 【完形填空】第1题选A. respondB. avoidC. flipD. recall正确答案：B2. 【完形填空】第2题选A. robustB. intenseC. nastyD. maximum正确答案：A3. 【完形填空】第3题选A. limitationB. awarenessC. stimulation第 2 页共 22 页D. promotion正确答案：B4. 【完形填空】第4题选A. uncertainlyB. unacceptablyC. undeniablyD. unaccountably正确答案：C5. 【完形填空】第5题选A. procedureB. versionC. analysisD. formulation正确答案：D6. 【完形填空】第6题选A. alongsideB. despiteC. therebyD. thus正确答案：A7. 【完形填空】第7题选A. slippedB. removedC. degradedD. altered正确答案：B8. 【完形填空】第8题选A. convertB. constructC. confirmD. contrast正确答案：A9. 【完形填空】第9题选A. reflectB. revolveC. reformD. resist正确答案：A10. 【完形填空】第10题选A. affectedB. applaudedC. establishedD. expressed正确答案：C11. 【完形填空】第11题选A. promisingB. optimisticC. adverseD. devastating正确答案：C12. 【完形填空】第12题选A. conceiveB. perceiveC. receiveD. deceive正确答案：A13. 【完形填空】第13题选A. conditions第 4 页共 22 页B. concernsC. conclusionsD. confessions正确答案：B14. 【完形填空】第14题选A. rareB. prosperousC. infectiousD. prevalent正确答案：D15. 【完形填空】第15题选A. mechanismB. mechanicsC. machineryD. mechanization正确答案：A16. 【完形填空】第16题选A. transitionB. bodyC. combinationD. scale正确答案：B17. 【完形填空】第17题选A. overstatedB. overreactedC. overachievedD. overlooked正确答案：A18. 【完形填空】第18题选A. informedB. statedC. advisedD. interfered正确答案：C19. 【完形填空】第19题选A. addB. accumulateC. assumeD. apply正确答案：D20. 【完形填空】第20题选A. explorationB. demonstrationC. optionD. evolution正确答案：C下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题此版参考答案来源于网络，答案存在争议的选择题目为18题本版整合的为多数机构选择的答案Section IUse of English,Harlan Coben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find the time; and that if you can't find the time. then writing isn’t a priority and you’re not a writer. For him writing is a 1 job —a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.3 , like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not4 to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness.5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly6 often have to do other work to7 their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested, it's a 8 of priorities. To make writing a priority, you'll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do. You'll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . There’ll probably have to be less socialising with your friends an less time with your family. It’s a 15 learning curve and it won’t always make you popular.There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16 your writing —and that’s reading. Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can; it’s the one 17 supporter —something you can’t do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 19 as we can, that means prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you’re a writer, that means— 20 —writing. 1. [A] 2. [A] difficult combined [B] [B] normal compared [C] [C] steady confused [D] pleasant [D] confronted 3. [A] If [B] Though [C] Once [D] Unless 4. [A] enough [B] strange [C] wrong [D] easy 5. [A] Accept [B] Explain [C] Remember [D] Suppose 6. [A] well-known [B] well-advised [C] well-informed [D] well-chosen 7. [A] donate [B] generate [C] supplement [D] calculate 8. [A] cause [B] purpose [C] question [D] condition 9. [A] highlight[B] sacrifice[C] continue[D] exploreDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)10.[A] relations11.[A] until12.[A] put up w ith13.[A] intelligent [B][B][B][B]interestsbecausemake up foroccasional[C][C][C][C]memorieswhilehang on tointensive[D] skills[D] before[D] cut down on[D] emotional14. [A] habit [B] test [C] decision [D] plan15. [A] tough [B] gentle [C] rapid [D] funny16. [A] in place of [B] in charge of [C] in response to [D] in addition to17. [A] indispensable [B] innovative [C] invisible [D] instant18. [A] duller [B] harder [C] quieter [D] quicker19. [A] peacefully [B] generously [C] productively [D] gratefully20. [A] at most [B] in turn [C] on average [D] above allSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown’s 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but it’s by design, part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they’re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.“I’m excited about our progress,” says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds’ w aste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”The egg industry’s push is the first major test of whether ani mal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg rollout is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say theireggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. “They are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what they’re doing.”21.the climate-friendly eggs are produced .[A]at a considerably low cost.[B]at the demand of regular shoppers.[C]as a replacement for organic eggs.[D]on specially designed forms.rry Brown is excited about his progress in .[A]reducing the damage of.[B]accelerating the disposal of uses.[C]creating a sustainable system.[D]attracting customers to his products.23.The example of organic eggs is used in the paragraph 1 to suggest .[A]the doubts to over natural feeds.[B]the setbacks in the eggs industry.[C]the potential of regenerative products.[D]the promotional success of super markets.24.It can be learned from the paragraph that young people .[A]are reluctant to change their diet.[B]are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs.[C]are curious about new food.[D]are amazed at agricultural advances.25.John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products .[A]markets prospects.[B]standard definition.[C]nutritious value.[D]moral implication.Text 2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for alonger life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”-those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring--said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.Financial needs aren’t the only culprit for the "unretirement" trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression. About 72% of “unretire” respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet. Can Congress save th e economy? Fed chair says “US debt is ‘on unsustainable path’”. Auto industry is still a boys’ club at the top despite GM CEO Mary Barras success.The concept of retirement is evolving, "said Christine Russell senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. "It's not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement."One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 3. 2% from the prior year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. That's also up 30.2% since 2010. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U. S workforce, and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United Income.Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed which surveyed 2, 000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 “unretires” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts. Seniors are living longer, but planning for the extended years is key.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretiree should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring,” Weiss said. “It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire.”26.The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that .[A]over half of the retirees are physically fit for work[B]the old workforce is as active as the younger one[C]one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement[D]more Americans are willing to work in retirement27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that .[A]retirement may cause problems for them[B]boredom can be relieved after retirement[C]the mental health of retirees is overlooked[D]"unretirement" contributes to the economy28.Retirement patterns are changing partly due to .[A]labor shortage[B]population growth[C]longer life expectancy[D]rising living costs29.Many retires are increasing their savings by .[A]investing more in stocks[B]taking up odd jobs[C]getting well-paid work[D]spending less30.With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are .[A]unprepared[B]unafraid[C]disappointed[D]enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times youfelt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, "dark patterns" is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to "roach motel," where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areasthey engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception."Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that “ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights.” The regulations aim to ban dark patterns - this means prohibiting companies from using "confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out."As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standards.31.It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns .[A]improve user experiences[B]leak user information for profit[C]undermine users' decision-making[D]remind users of hidden costs32.The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show .[A]their major flaws[B]their complex designs[C]their severe damage[D]their strong presence33.To handle digital deception, businesses should .[A]listen to customer feedback[B]talk with relevant teams[C]turn to independent agencies[D]rely on professional training34.The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to .[A]guide users through opt-out processes[B]protect consumers from being tricked[C]grant companies data privacy rights[D]restrict access to problematic content35.According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is .[A]new legal requirements[B]businesses' self-discipline[C]strict regulatory standards[D]consumers' safety awarenessText 4Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class session’s impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester - nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent - and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.“That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention, “Schwitzgebel says. Psycho logist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants theeffect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by an other nudge: “Easy come, easy go.”Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence —classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants’ eating habits and students’ video exposure. Meanwhile，Schwitzgebel—who had predicted no effect—will be eating his words.36.Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are[A]hard to determine[B]narrowly interpreted[C]difficult to ignore[D]poorly summarized37.Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?[A]It is common among students.[B]It is a behavior easy to measure.[C]It is important to students’ health.[D]It is a hot topic in ethics classes.38.Eric Schw itzgebel’s previous findings suggest that ethics p rofessors[A]are seldom critical of their students[B]are less sociable than other professors[C]are not sensitive to political issues[D]are not necessarily ethically better39.Nina Strohminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is[A]permanent[B]predictable[C]uncertain[D]unrepeatable40.Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students’c hange in behavior[A]can bring psychological benefits[B]can be analyzed statistically[C]is a result of multiple factors[D]is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from thelist A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need touse. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Make it a habit[B]Don’t go it alone[C]Start low, go slow[D]Talk with your doctor[E]Listen to your body[F]Go through the motions[G]Round out your routineHow to Get Active AgainGetting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it’s important to get the right dose of activity. “Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,” says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.41. C、Start low, go slowDon’t try to go back to what you were doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10 reps, reduce activity to half a mile every other day, or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps. Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually. “This isn’t something you can do overnight,” say Keri L. Denay, MD, lead author of a recent American College of Sports Medicine advisory that encourages American to not overlook the benefits of activity during the pandemic. But you will reap benefits such as anxiety and improve sleep right away.42. [E]Listen to your bodyIf you’re breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.43. [A]Make it a habitConsistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina. Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it’s the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it can be a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity, walking is also a great first step.44. [F]Go through the motionsEven if you can’t yet do a favorite activity, you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket, swing like you’re hitting the ball. Paddle like you’re in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favoriteswimming strokes. The action will remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again.45. [B]Don’t go it aloneExercising with others “can keep you accountable and make it more fun, so you’re more likely to do it again,” Jackovitz says. You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can’t connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a friend while you walk around your neighborhood. FaceTime with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home. You can also join a livestream or on-demand exercise class.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials, and the lack of experience and technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes and, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents, and thinking outside the box will become your second nature.In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you're more likely to be able to find a solution when a problem arises.参考译文：虽然我们尽了最大的努力，但有时我们的画很少会像原来计划的那样。

全国硕士研究生考试《英语》(二)模拟试题及答案总分：70分题量：35题一、单选题（共16题，共32分）1.He________methathedecidedtoleaveonMonday.A.spokeB.saidC.talkedD.told正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析2.Thistest________anumberofmultiplechoicequestions.posesofposesinC.consistsofD.consistsin正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析3.Ipreferthisdiagram________thatone.A.thanB.morethanC.ratherthanD.to正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析4.Ihavebeenstudyinghereforfouryears,bynextsummerI________.A.shallgraduateB.shallbegraduatedC.shallbegraduatingD.shallhavegraduated正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析5.Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeech________theaudiencestartedcheering.A.andB.whenC.thanD.as正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析6.Iwishyou________likethat.A.don’ttalkB.won’ttalkC.wouldn’ttalkD.nottotalk正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析7.Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdata________cometoasoundconclusion .A.canyouB.wouldyouC.youwillD.youcan正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析8.Ifound________toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.A.nopossibilityB.therewasimpossibilityC.impossibleD.itimpossible正确答案：D本题解析：暂无解析9.You________gonow.It’sgettinglate.A.hadratherB.wouldratherC.wouldratherD.wouldbetter正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析10.Hotmetal________asitgrowscooler.A.contractsB.reducesC.condensespresses正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析11.Wooddoesnotconductelectricity;________.A.sodoesn’trubberB.alsodoesn’trubberC.nordoesrubberD.norrubberdoes正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析radeLi________beinBeijingbecauseIsawhimintownonlyafewminutesago .A.mustn’tB.can’tC.maynotD.isn’tableto正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析13.Iknowitisn’timportantbutIcan’thelp________aboutit.A.buttothinkB.thinkingC.thinkD.tothink正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析14.Themorewelookedatthepicture,________.A.thelesswelikeditB.welikeitlessC.betterwelikeditD.itlookedbetter正确答案：C本题解析：暂无解析15.Tosucceedinascientificresearchproject________.A.oneneedstobepersistentB.persistenceisneededC.oneneedsbeapersistentpersonD.oneneedsbeapersistentperson正确答案：A本题解析：暂无解析16.Thisdiploma(毕业文凭)________thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.A.entitlesB.certifiesC.securesD.approves正确答案：B本题解析：暂无解析二、填空题（共19题，共38分）17.Thosewho’dliketovisittheexhibition________(sign)yournameshere. 答：sign18.Agreatnumberofsmallpowerstations________(setup)intheircounty sinceliberation.答：havebeensetup19.Heaskedmewhethermybrother________(fly)toBeijing.答：hadflown20.Hefellasleepimmediatelylastnight;hemust________(be)verytired. 答：havebeen21.“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“Notyet.Therooms________(paint).”答：arebeingpainted22.Thedirectorrecommendedthatshe________(study)moreEnglishbeforegoin gabroad.答：study23.heteachertoldthemsincelight________(travel)fasterthansound,lightning________(appear)togobeforethunder.答：travels,appears24.Howlong________they________(dig)theditch?答：have…beendigging25.Herefusedtotelluswhetherhe________(undertake)thejob.答：wouldundertake26.Matteristhename________(give)toeverythingwhichhasweightandoccupie sspace.答：given27.Ishallneverforget________(meet)thelatePremierZhouduringhisinspect ionofourfactory.答：meeting28.Iwonderifhecouldgetit________(do)beforetomorrow.答：done29.Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcornersunless________(make)todosowith thehelpofareflectingdevice答：made30.Night________(fall),wehurriedhome.答：falling31.Wewerebusy________(get)thingsreadyforthetrialproductionwhenhephon edus.答：getting32.Somemoleculesarelargeenough________(see)undertheelectronicmicrosc ope.答：tobeseen33.Thefloordoesnotlooksobadwhen________(sweep)clean.答：swept34.________(fail)severaltimes,theyneedsomeencouragement.答：Havingfailed35.________(catch)intherain,hewaswettotheskin.答：Caught(Havingbeencaught,Beingcaught)。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟测试卷（2）下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Holiday eating gets a bad rap. Around New Years, we’re hit with calls to clean up our wayward diets by eliminating 1and counting calories. But psychologists and epidemiologists alike 2 that all this fuss could do more harm than good.The social aspect of the holidays can make it difficult to 3 your usual diet—it’s hard to 4 another cookie or glass of wine when everyone around you is partaking—so it’s understandable if you feel like you must have caused your body harm. But research suggests that festive meals come with their own set of health 5. A 2017 study published in Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology found that people who ate more meals in social 6 were more likely to feel better about themselves and have a wider social network—characteristics that, as the study authors point out, are 7with happiness, wellbeing, and lower risk of illness. Evening meals involving alcohol were the most likely to 8 feelings of warmth and bonding.Sometimes, participating in these social situations involves 9caloric, fatty, or sugary foods and drinks. Bioethicists at Johns Hopkins argue that those foods, too, have health value. “Sharing food is a way to express love, forge relationships, and 10 bonds,”they wrote in an article published in the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. “What we eat expresses our personal and 11 identities.”Our cultural obsession over whether foods are healthy or not is 12universal. Psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania recently asked 947 Indian, French, and American participants to sort a list of foods in whatever 13they deemed mostappropriate. Their results showed that 14French and Indian respondents generally chose to sort foods into 15 groupings like “food vs. drink,” most Americans chose to 16 foods by whether they deemed them healthy or unhealthy.Researchers found that the French were the most likely to associate food with pleasure, and the least likely to associate food with health. Americans were on the 17 end of the spectrum. That’s significant because French people, on average, have lower rates of heart disease and live around four years longer. That’s not to say that French diets are the key to health and 18, but a(n) 19 on the pleasure of food rather than its health-value certainly doesn’t seem to 20.1. 【完形填空】第1题答案是A. weedsB. treatsC. drugsD. staples正确答案：B2. 【完形填空】第2题的答案是A. denyB. demandC. cautionD. promise正确答案：C3. 【完形填空】第3题的答案是A. diversifyB. improveC. balanceD. maintain正确答案：D4. 【完形填空】第4题的答案是A. turn down第 2 页共 21 页B. eat upC. indulge inD. settle for正确答案：A5. 【完形填空】第5题的答案是A. restrictionsB. benefitsC. regulationsD. risks正确答案：B6. 【完形填空】第6题的答案是A. classesB. termsC. settingsD. relations正确答案：C7. 【完形填空】第7题的答案是A. comparedB. presentedC. associatedD. equipped正确答案：C8. 【完形填空】第8题的答案是A. suppressB. exhaustC. exploitD. trigger正确答案：D9. 【完形填空】第9题的答案是A. preparingB. consumingC. limitingD. avoiding正确答案：B10. 【完形填空】第10题的答案是A. reinforceB. diminishC. aggravateD. disconnect正确答案：A11. 【完形填空】第11题的答案是A. nationalB. culturalC. privateD. group正确答案：D12. 【完形填空】第12题的答案是A. in partB. far fromC. in essenceD. as usual正确答案：B13. 【完形填空】第13题的答案是A. combinationB. situationC. directionD. manner正确答案：D第 4 页共 21 页14. 【完形填空】第14题的答案是A. sinceB. untilC. whileD. unless正确答案：C15. 【完形填空】第15题的答案是A. neutralB. binaryC. openD. sequential正确答案：A16. 【完形填空】第16题的答案是A. purchaseB. processC. categorizeD. evaluate正确答案：C17. 【完形填空】第17题的答案是A. oppositeB. identicalC. severeD. moderate正确答案：A18. 【完形填空】第18题的答案是A. prosperityB. freedomC. wealthD. longevity正确答案：D19. 【完形填空】第19题的答案是A. banB. focusC. attemptD. attack正确答案：B20. 【完形填空】第20题的答案是A. hurtB. careC. matterD. hold正确答案：A下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案及解析研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案及解析考研英语（二）与历年考研试卷有所不同，它针对的是一些报考专业学位硕士不考英语（一）的学生的一套考研英语试卷。

本文特意为大家收集了研究生入学统一英语（二）答案及解析，希望大家喜欢！Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, aording to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that e with happiness would 5 the way panies invested. So they pared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which theywere 8 . But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after aounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are morelikely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more16 . Firms seem to invest more in places.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R more than the average," said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when【答案】C【解析】根据空格所在可以看出，空格处应该是一个引导宾语从句的附属连词，做influence的宾语。

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案Section I Use of English1.【答案】B normal2.【答案】B compared3.【答案】A If4.【答案】D easy5.【答案】C Remember6.【答案】A well-known7.【答案】C supplement8.【答案】D question9.【答案】B sacrifice10.【答案】B interests11.【答案】C while12.【答案】D cut down on13.【答案】B occasional14.【答案】A habit15.【答案】A tough16.【答案】D in addition to17.【答案】A indispensable18.【答案】D quicker19.【答案】C productively20.【答案】D above allSection I Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.【答案】[D]on specially designed farms22.【答案】[C]creating a sustainable system23.【答案】[C]the potential of regenerative products24.【答案】[B]are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs25.【答案】[A]market prospectsText226、【答案】D more Americans are willing to work in retirement27、【答案】A retirement may cause problems for them28、【答案】C longer life expectancy29、【答案】D spending less30、【答案】A unpreparedText331.【答案】C undermine users' decision-making32.【答案】D their strong presence33.【答案】B talk with relevant teams34.【答案】B protect consumers from being tricked35.【答案】B business self-disciplineText436.【答案】A hard to determine37.【答案】B it is a behavior easy to measure38.【答案】Dare not necessarily ethically better39.【答案】C uncertain40.【答案】C is a result of multiple factorsPart B41.【答案】【C】Start Low，Go Slow42.【答案】【E】Listen to Your Body43.【答案】【A】Make It a Habit44.【答案】【F】Go Through the Motions45.【答案】【B】Don't Go It Alone【参考译文】尽管我们尽了最大的努力，然而有时我们的画很少会像原来计划的那样。

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解（完整版）注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对万学海文教研中心英语教研室、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

首句说：人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。

该句含义为：现在也是如此，学者们再次技术正在取代人类劳动。

从句为负向，故首先排除吹嘘，确保。

否认与首句中心句相冲突，故答案为警告，语义逻辑通顺。

、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：“一些人认为即将来临的不用工作的世界通过来定义。

少数的富人拥有所有的财富，而大多数人则在一片贫穷的荒芜之地中挣扎着生存。

”后一句话为对前一句的解释，所以这是一个不平等的世界，选。

、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：一个不同的，而并不相互排斥的认为未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地。

此处，（语言）呼应了文中（未来），为最佳选项，且代入原文语义通顺。

政策，指导方针，决心，在此处都不符合题意。

、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

前文说一种与众不同的荒芜之地，为同位语补充说明荒地特征。

该句含义为：未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地，一个以漫无目的性的荒芜之地。

以……为特征，此处（漫无目的）的确是一种特征，故该选项为正确答案。

分割，测量，平衡，均语义不通。

、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察词义辨析及词义复现。

该句含义为：没有工作给生活赋予，人们只会变得懒惰而消沉。

前面讲到（漫无目的），所以此处应为其反义词，即“目的，目标”。

只有选项（意义），含义最为接近，语义最通顺。

智慧，光荣，自由，和文章主题关联不大，故答案为选项。

、【答案】[]【解析】此处考察句间的逻辑关系问题。

空格处需要填一个副词，表明两个句子之间的逻辑关系。

空格前, . 没有工作给他们的生活意义,人就会变得懒惰和沮丧。

空格后说，’ ’ .现今的没有就业的人生活也不开心。

所以两个句子之间是一种顺接的递进关系，因此，表示的确如此。

. 相反的，表转折。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)模拟卷（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题of all the substances people intoxicate themselves with, alcohol is the least restricted and causes the most harm. Many illegal drugs are more dangerous to those who use them, but are relatively1to obtain, which limits their2.3, alcohol is omnipresent, so far more people suffer4its adverse effects.No Western country has5alcohol since America abolished Prohibition in 1933. It is popular and easy to produce. Making it illegal enriches criminals and starts turf wars.In-recent years governments have begun6other drugs.7, to limit the harm caused by alcohol, states have tried to discourage people from drinking, using taxes, awareness campaigns and8on where, when and to whom alcohol is9.The alcohol industry has pitched itself as part of the10. In Britain more than 100 producers and retailers have11a "responsibility deal" and promised to "help people to drink within guidelines", mostly by buying ads promoting moderation. However, if these campaigns were12, they would ruin their sponsors' finances. According to researchers from the Institute of Alcohol Studies, a think-tank, and the University of Sheffield, some two-fifths of alcohol13in Britain is in excess of the recommended weekly maximum of 14 units (about one glass of wine per day). Industry executives say they want the public to "drink less, but drink better", meaning fewer, fancierliquor. But people would need to pay 22-98% more per drink to14the revenue loss that such a steep drop in consumption would cause.Health15have taken note of such arithmetic. Some now wonder if Liquor Giantis16in its efforts to17alcohol abuse. In 2018 America's National Institutes of Health stopped a $100m study of18drinking, which was partly funded by alcoholfirms,19its design was biased in their products' favour. And this year the World Health organization and England's public-health authority banned their staff from working with the industry.Producers are ready to fend20regulators.In 1999 alcohol firms invested half as much on lobbying in America as tobacco firms did.Today they spend 31% more.1、[单选题]第1题答案是A.hardB.severeC.easyD.likely正确答案：A参考解析：翻译：各类违禁药物对其使用者来说更加危险，但由于相对_____获得，本段首句是主旨句，提到alcohol is the least restricted and causes the most harm(酒精受到的限制最少，造成的危害却最大) ，空格处的主语为违禁药品，移栽与酒精进行对比，证明酒精危害比违禁药品大。

10、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）模拟试题Part I Use of English(10%)Directions:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Large lecture classes are frequently regarded as a necessary evil. Such classes 1 be offered in many colleges and universities to meet high student 2 with limited faculty resource, 3 teaching a large lecture class can be a 4 task. Lecture halls are 5 large, barren, and forbidding. It is difficult to get to know students. Students may seem bored in the 6 environment and may 7 read newspapers or even leave class in the middle of a lecture. Written work by the students seems out of the 8 .Although the challenges of teaching a large lecture class are 9 , they are not insurmountable. The solution is to develop 10 methods of classroom instruction that can reduce, if not 11 , many of the difficulties 22 in the mass class. In fact, we have 13 at Kent State University teaching techniques which help make a large lecture class more like a small 14 .An 15 but important benefit of teaching the course 16 this manner has involved the activities of the teaching assistants who help us mark students’ written work. The faculty instructor originally decided to ask the teaching assistants for help 17 this was the only practical way to 18 that all the papers could be evaluated. Now those 19 report enjoying their new status as ―junior professors‖, gaining a very different 20 on college education by being on the other side of the desk, learning a great deal about the subject matter, and improving their own writing as a direct result of grading other students’ papers.1．A．should B．will C．can D．have to 2．A．requirement B．demand C．challenge D．request 3．A．and B．but C．although D．unless 4．A．competitive B．rewarding C．routine D．troublesome 5．A．spaciously B．exceptionally C．typically D．unusually 6．A．unconscious B．impatient C．unaware D．impersonal 7．A．frequently B．delightedly C．inevitably D．unexpectedly 8．A．problem B．solution C．question D．answer 9．A．tiny B．potential C．fundamental D．substantial 10．A．personal B．innovative C．initiative D．persuasive 11．A．increase B．accumulate C．eliminate D．diminish 12．A．inherent B．inherited C．injected D．integrated13．A．introduced B．inserted C．modified D．revised 14．A．conference B．assembly C．seminar D．course 15．A．incredible B．obscure C．unanticipated D．inspiring 16．A．at B．through C．by D．in 17．A．because B．although C．when D．so that 18．A．ensure B．assure C．secure D．certify 19．A．new teachers B．senior studentsC．associate professors D．part-time professionals 20．A．inspiration B．expectation C．stimulation D．perspective Part II Reading Comprehension (50%)Section APassage OneShoppers choose hybrid cars, "green" washing-up liquid and energy-saving devices over cheaper but dirtier alternatives partly to improve their social status, according to a new study published today.Bram Van den Bergh of Rotterdam School of Management, one of the study's authors, said: "Driving a luxurious non-green car, like a Hummer, communicates one's wealth, but also suggests that the buyer is a selfish and uncaring individual who is concerned primarily about his own comfort rather than the welfare of society. Driving a hybrid, like a Prius, not only displays one's wealth as it costs many thousands of dollars more than a conventional but highly fuel-efficient car, but also signals the owner cares about others and the environment."Adam Corner, a research associate at Cardiff University and expert on the psychology of communicating climate change, said social status is a key driver of behaviour: "It's not surprising that people might choose to try and signal their social status through the conspicuous consumption of 'green products'. Even if people don't care about climate change, they care about what other people think of them." He added that one of the most important aspects of the research is that the power of social status could be harnessed to become a critical tool in promoting wider changes in pro-environmental behaviour, such as voting for the greenest party in an election or engaging in environmental activism.The study does come with one important warning –-- no one was actually dipping into their wallet. Michael Valvo, a spokesperson for Toyota UK, saidthat the company's market research indicated the attraction of advanced technology and the cost of the ownership, not the environment or social status, were the main reasons drivers bought the Prius hybrid car. "Paying £20,000 for a car is a pretty expensive way to make a statement about being green, it's the second biggest purchase after a house," he said.The research also failed to reflect the complexity of ethical consumer activity, said Rob Harrison, the editor of Ethical Consumer magazine. "Ethical buying behaviour is far more complicated. If you look at the Co-Operative Bank's report on ethical spending, a third of that annual spend is on investment and banking, which you can't do conspicuously unless you leave investment brochures lying around on your coffee table. Our readers say they buy green and ethical products because they want to be instrumental about a goal, such as helping a farm in Kenya by buying fair trade Kenyan coffee." He said only a minority of green shoppers buy green products for status reasons.21. According to one study, car buyers now _____.A. Regard price as nothing much.B. Are more environment-consciousC. Show off with expensive luxuries.D. Are more concerned with publicity.22. In the view of Bram, Hummer is more a symbol of _____.A. WealthB. StatusC. SuccessD. Character23. To which of the following does Adam Corner most probably agree?A. People behave largely in order to enhance their public image.B. Voting is an efficient way to change people's social status.C. Conspicuous consumption is unsurprisingly pursued and done.D. Environmental participation can be promoted in a critical way.24. Judging from the context, "no one was ...dipping into their wallet" (Para.4) probably means that _____.A. Technology is the first consideration.B. Social status is easily purchased.C. being green is too dear to affordD. Wallet is better covered in hard times.25. The author mentioned the Co-operative bank's report to show _____.A. Kenya coffee is a good buy as a green product.B. It is not easy to figure out the morality of consuming.C. Spending on expensive cars is becoming a trend.D. Investment decision is mostly made on a coffee table.Passage TwoTop business chiefs like Indra Nooyi, Anu Agha and Shikha Sharma may have broken the glass ceiling to command their own boardrooms but these are mere exceptions rather than the norm. A new global survey reveals that women enter the workforce in large numbers but over time steadily "vaporise" from the higher ranks of organisational hierarchy.Research by a business consulting firm Bain and Companythe showed that organisations lost talent, with a disproportionate number of women employees at middle and senior levels leaving their jobs. "A 5% decrease in female retention, after 10 years, results in the equivalent of wiping out the benefits of increasing female recruitment from 30% to 50%," the report said."Achieving gender parity in the workplace is possible if business leaders take a systematic and customised approach to finding out what counteracts women along the way at their organisations," Orit Gadiesh, Bain chairman and co-author of the study, said. The study showed that senior management in 75% of companies had not made gender parity a stated and visible priority, while 80% of firms had not committed adequate funding or resources to the initiatives.Other findings showed that while 66% of men reported that they believed women shared equal opportunity to be promoted to leadership and governance positions, less than a third of women felt the same. Also, while a majority of responders supported the idea of gender parity in the workplace, it was the women who voted strongly in favour of strategic commitment. More than 80% of women agreed or strongly agreed while only 48% men felt that achieving genderparity should be a critical business imperative for their organisations.Incidentally, while both men (87%) and women (91%) voted in large numbers in favour of the belief that either sex could be a primary breadwinner, when it came to making career sacrifices, however, men and women reacted differently. While 59% of women agreed they would sacrifice their career for the sake of the household, a slightly lower 53% of men felt the same way. Men tended to be more confident than women that their partner would make a career sacrifice: in the survey results, 77 of men felt their partner would compromise on their career for the sake of family, while only 45% of women could confidently make the same claim.When asked about recruitment or promotion into management or executive positions, both men and women were less likely to agree that parity existed and men saw a rosier picture than women. In the survey results, about twice as many men as women felt that women had an equal chance as men of being recruited in executive roles, promoted on the same time line into executive roles or appointed to key leadership or governance roles. (456 words)26.In the beginning, "vaporise" is closest in meaning to ______.A. quitB. PromoteC. EmployD. recruit27.One of the findings from the study tells us that ____.A.Senior management had no say due to male dominanceB.Most companies couldn't afford the cost of this pursuit.C.Women could hopefully be treated with dignity one day.D.Gender equality was largely neglected by most executives.28.From paragraph 4, we may learn that _____.A. Most male colleagues had equally strong belief in workplace equality.B. A wide gap still existed in how to make gender parity come trueC. A large part of the females showed no interest in business leadership.D. Females should enjoy more opportunities in terms of getting advanced.29. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Executive positions were reserved predominantly for men alone.B.Men tended to overestimate the situation for female equality.C.Women were the easier victim when career gave in to family.D.Both sexes accepted the role of supporting the family by work.30.The text is mainly concerned with ______.A.Female sacrificeB.Male prioritiesC.Gender equalityD.Female promotionPassage ThreeThere are more differences between the United States and Japan than conflicting values during World War II. Cultural and societal differences between the two nations and its peoples shaped beliefs and perceptions and thus interactions within those societies and between them as well.The Japanese media made sure to cast the United States in a negative light during the war. Even afterward, they would distort everything from Ted Kennedy's car accident and the death of Mary Jo Kopechne to important battles and events. During World War II, newspapers tried to give the public what they wanted for morale. Positive news was widely broadcast, but anything negative was also distorted or hidden. Sons or husbands who died during World War II were heroes, for sure, but the concept of suicide missions was unknown to the Japanese.The dropping of "warning fliers" by the United States before the atomic bomb was let go is controversial. Some feel they were fair and that the Japanese denied their existence and failed to adequately warn the people. Others think they were a part of psychological warfare, really dropped after Anola Gay flew off to Hiroshima, and merely acting as a doubtful precursor of any future attacks.The war and the role of the Japanese government caused uncertainty and hatred among the Japanese toward Americans. Any of the few white people living in Japan sometimes had their houses searched --- not by the government, but by curious neighbors. "What I never got used to was my home being searched; nothing ever stolen, just investigated frequently," said one American woman living in Japan at the time.The Japanese looked upon Americans as crude and immoral, by their standards, as a melting pot without a culture of its own. They also underestimated America's ability to unite for a cause and develop such a powerful bomb, perhaps because of the broadcasts by the Japanese media.The United States citizens looked down upon the Japanese as well, disgusted by the brutality of medical experimentation on human subjects by the Japanese government . The treatment of POWs angered the United States as well; the notable photo of Australian Sgt. Leonard Siffleet about to be beheaded with a sword didn't help with anti-Japanese sentiments, which probably began with the "sneak attack" on Pearl Harbor.Similarly to the actions of the Japanese media during World War II, the United States felt it necessary to dehumanize the enemy with bombs . Their refusal to accept defeat angered and put off Americans, as did Japanese propaganda. Boycotts on Japanese products popped up in America.Culture clashes continue to leave gaps between America and Japan. News of sexual slavery during WWII on the part of Japan, and anti-Japanese sentiments evident in American societal products and business, keep thenations apart. (451 words)31. The examples of Kennedy and Mary were provided to ____.A. Disguise some bad information.B. Uncover the truth about Japanese.C. Show the prejudice in the media.D. Reveal the cultural differences.32. The author quoted one American woman so as to ____.A. Argue that the Japanese in general distrusted Americans .B. Show how curious Japanese people were towards foreigners.C. Warn Americans of the possible dangers living in Japan.D. Demonstrate the positive role of the Japanese government.33. Which of the following does NOT describe Japanese view of American culture?A. Weak-unitednessB. Lack of moralityC. Melting potD. Cruel mind34. American disrespect for the Japanese is expressed in _____.A. Winning the war with atomic bombs.B. Stopping to buy Japanese-made goodsC. Using human bodies for experiment.D. Taking brute revenge on Pearl Harbor.35. In the following text, the author will deal with _____.A. .Detailed description of the way Japan surprisingly attacked Pearl harbourB. More reports of how the Japanese intentionally abused media coverage.C. Ways of narrowing the cultural differences between the two countriesD. Reasons of why people's beliefs and perceptions an be formed by media.Passage FourIn UK every year 400 patients die while waiting for an organ to come available. We are all far more likely to be in need of an organ transplant than to be a donor. Most of us expect that if we needed a transplant, someone would donate one. On the basis of the ethical golden rule –-- do unto others as you would want them to do for you, we should all think seriously about whether and how we could donate our organs if we no longer need them.One important way to do this is to sign the organ donation register and to let loved ones know that you would like to donate after your death. 16 million people in the UK are on the register for organ donation.However, there is another potential way of donating organs that we should consider. When patients are seriously ill in intensive care and not likely to recover doctors and families often decide to stop life support and let the patient die. 5000 patients in the UK per year die in these circumstances.Here is how. We can give them the option in advance to donate their organs if they are ever going to have their treatment limited because their diagnosis is deemed hopeless. If the person agreed in advance to be such an organ donor, and an independent committee confirmed that the patient’s diagnosis was hopeless and treatment should be stopped, the patient could be taken to an operating theatre in controlled circumstances, given a general anaesthetic and have their organs removed. The surgical procedure would be a form of euthanasia. This option would give people the best chance of ensuring that their organs do not go to waste after their death. It would also prevent the patient from suffering after life support was withdrawn. It would harm no one, and would potentially benefit a number of seriously ill patients in organ failure.Importantly, what we are proposing is to give people a choice about how they die and whether they can donate their organs. Organ donation euthanasia would only be available to patients having life support stopped on grounds of futility. It would only apply to patients who are going to die anyway. It would only apply to patients who have specifically asked for this option during life, when they were competent and understood what was being offered.This option may not be for everyone. Some people would not want the option of organ donation euthanasia. They should not be forced to. They may still want to be on the organ donor register and to donate their organs in case of brain death. But what we are proposing is that people who do want this option be given the choice. Deciding to donate your organs is one of the best decisions that we can make. We should support people who want to donate. We should give them the choice of organ donation euthanasia. (456 words)36. From the beginning of the text it can be learned that _____.A. Most of the UK patients die yearly due to the lack of proper organ transplant.B. Approximately 16 million American people are willing to donate organ.C. The ethical golden rule maynot apply to the current issue of organ donation.D. The number of the organs needed exceeds that of the organs donated in UK.37.One result of the surgical euthanasia is ______.ans may be invalid before the death happens.B.An independent committee can make confirmation.C.Patients can be relieved of pre-death suffering.D.Any treatment should terminate to save resources.38.According to paragraph 5, which of the following is NOT fit for organ donation euthanasia?A. Patients are terminally ill and dying hopelessly.B. Doctors decide to stop the medical procedures.C. Patients make the choice out of understanding.D. Life support is deemed useless and so confirmed.39.It can be concluded that the most important characteristic of the proposal is _____.A. Donor's choiceB. Organ euthanasiaC. Public supportD. Potential benefit40.The best title of this passage may be _____.A.Free option before deathB.Donation as a generosityC. A modest proposalan donation in UKSection BDirections: Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points).Next month world leaders will gather in Copenhagen to thrash out a deal to tackle climate change. Reaching agreement at this UN summit will be the key to addressing one of the defining challenges of our century. But the hard work isn't just setting those targets, it's reaching them. Each country will have to set their own priorities to reduce emissions and here in the UK, we'll need to look close to home. Twenty-seven per cent of all the carbon emissions in this country actually come from the homes we all live in. So it's clear that improving the carbon footprint of our housing stock is crucial if we are to meet our legally binding carbon reduction targets.Part of the solution lies in making the new homes we build as energy efficient as possible and I enthusiastically support the concept of building all new homes at zero carbon. However, the fact remains that 85% of the housing stock that we'll be living in by 2050 already exists.So, there is a simple and, once again, inconvenient truth –greening-up the 25m existing homes is essential. The efficiency of these properties has been largely ignored thus far.Under a Conservative government, however, we will introduce the Green Deal. Every household in this country will be entitled to an allowance of up to £6,500 for energy improvements. Utilities companies, charities, social landlords will improve homes with no cost to the homeowner.Healthy competition in those improvements will create 70,000 new jobs and a £2.5bn marketplace, while consumers save money and most importantly 9.4m tonnes of carbon emissions are avoided. It's a great scheme, but that doesn't necessarily lead to great take-up. The key is to create a trigger for people to easily and quickly sign up for home renovating.Imagine if you could walk into your favourite store, buy some clothes or do your weekly shop and then at the checkout, as you hand over your clubcard, the cashier offers you the prospect of permanently lower utility bills. There's nothing to pay, now or later. Your home will be furnished and all you'll notice is that it costs less to heat and power it. Unless you enjoy burning money, you're going to love the Green Deal. Behind the scenes this retailer is working with the banking sector to fund the £6,500 spent on retro-fitting your home, resulting in home improvements like energy-efficient lighting, modern boilers, cavity and loft insulation.Under a Conservative government you won't have to imagine this scheme, because the likes of Marks & Spencer and Tesco are already interested andmore providers of all types will want to get in on the act. In future you'll be able to pick up your groceries and green up your home at the same time.But living a greener life isn't just about the physical changes you can make to your home; it's about how you live in it too.41. Obviously, the improvement of the carbon footprint of our housing stock is of vital importance if _______.42. The efficiency of making the 25m existing homes green _______.43. Healthy competition in home improvements will create both jobs and marketplace, while ________.44. Behind the scenes the seller and the banks pay for retro-fitting your home, _______45 In future it is anticipated that we'll be able to buy our groceries and _______.A huge amount of carbon emissions are reduced.B costs less to heat and power the new homes.C we are to reach our targets that legally require carbon reduction.D green up our home in the meanwhile.E has not been paid due attention so far.F building all houses with little or zero carbonG bringing with a variety of home improvements.Part IIIDirections: Read the following text carefully, and translate it into Chinese. Remember to put your answer on Answer Sheet II. (15%)Meanwhile some research is being done to assess what the possible choices might do – new energy economy or not. Electric cars hold greater promise for reducing emissions and lowering U.S. oil imports than a national renewable standard. No cleverness, innovation, or risks –-- going for as much electrified personal transport as possible as a national policy does have two outstanding attributes. The primary one is the reduction in fossil fuel use –-- particularly imports if the administration and congress can get themselves and their liking for regulations and extra taxes under control. Transport fueling could be a U.S. self-sufficient market with some policy incentives and less penalty. The other would be the CO2 emission reduction.That idea is really just a summary of many ideas that are available in a summary used during the conference that runs –-- more than 77 pages – available in a downloadable file.Part IV English Writing (25)Section ADirections: Read the following passage carefully, and you're required to write an abstract in about 100 words. (10%)新媒体时代的阅读我们已经生活在数字化时代，网络数码产品快速融入了普通人的日常生活，阅读大环境也随之发生了巨大的变化。