高三上学期阅读理解训练111(含答案)

论述类阅读总体要求阅读中外论述类文本。

了解政论文、学术论文、时评、书评等论述类文体的基本特征和主要表达方式。

阅读论述类文本，应留意文本的说理性和逻辑性，分析文本的论点、论据和论证方法。

简释：“总体要求”主要明确了阅读(考查)的范围：①特殊留意“外”字；②四种文体。

阅读的重点：①留意说理性、逻辑性；②分析三要素。

分项考点1．理解 B(1)理解文中重要概念的含义简释：“文中重要概念”指对理解文章的思想、观点、情感等起重要作用的词语或短语，主要从其内涵和外延两个角度考查。

(2)理解文中重要句子的含意简释：所谓“重要句子”主要指文眼句，内涵丰富的句子，显示层次的句子，反复出现的句子，结构困难、对理解文意有干脆影响的句子。

这条是指依据详细语境领悟或说明这些句子的特定含意。

2．分析综合 C(3)筛选并整合文中的信息简释：它是重要考点。

所谓“筛选”，即依据标准搜寻、辨别、提取相关信息；所谓“整合”，就是对筛选出的信息进行转换、概括、组合等再加工，使之符合题目要求。

(4)分析文章结构，归纳内容要点，概括中心愿思简释：从论述类文本角度看，所谓“分析文章结构”重点考查的是把握观点与材料之间的关系，把握段落之间的相互关系，以及把握段内层次；且常把“结构”与“思路”结合起来考查。

所谓“内容要点”，是指文章的主要内容，或者某一部分的主要内容。

所谓“中心愿思”，在论述类文本中指作者的主要观点和看法。

(5)分析论点、论据和论证方法简释：该考点涉及论述类文本的文体特征，在命题实践中，“三要素”往往不是分开考查，而是紧紧结合在一起考查。

(6)分析概括作者在文中的观点看法简释：“作者在文中的观点看法”，是指作者对所论述问题的主要倾向。

作者的观点看法，可能是干脆表述出来，也可能是间接表述出来；可能是集中表述，也可能是分散表述。

全国卷对此考查不大明显。

年份卷别选文三年试题考点文题题材题号题干分值2024 卷Ⅰ《近百年来的殷墟甲骨文探讨》历史学(文字学)1下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是3分(3) 卷Ⅱ《塞壬的歌声》文艺学 2下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是3分(3) 卷Ⅲ《历史中的文学与文学中的历史》历史学(文艺学)3依据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是3分(6)2024 卷Ⅰ《中国参加国际气候治理的法律立场和策略：以气候正义为视角》法学 1下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是3分(3) 卷Ⅱ《明代青花瓷崛起的轨迹》历史学 2下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是3分(5) 卷Ⅲ《留住乡愁》社会学 3依据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是3分(6)(说明：考点序号见前面“分项考点”的序号)1．选文特点：①选材范围，主要集中在社会科学领域；②文体以论文为主；③话题生疏，话题和观点基原来自比较前沿的学术探讨成果。

高三高考语文文学类文本阅读训练试题整理含答案解析一、文学类文本阅读1．阅读下面的文字，完成各题。

望星空聂鑫森只要是老天不下雨不落雪，每晚八点，满头华发的耿星河，就必须到楼顶的露台去眺望星空。

他家住在这栋20层楼的顶层，只有顶层才有一个宽大的露台，只有宽大的露台才好安置一台体量不小的远程望远镜，只有远程望远镜才能让他看清那些动和不动的星。

耿星河供职的单位在大西北，代号为“望星空”。

60岁本该退休，他和领导软磨硬缠桩，又干了五年。

朔地雪冷风寒，过早地染白了他的头发，刻皱了他的脸。

领导和同事祝贺他:“你和嫂子牛郎织女了几十年，也该去朝夕相守了。

”他忽然老泪纵横，说:“牛郎织女都老了，聚与别都习惯了。

哎，离开‘望星空’我就再也回不来了。

”“望星空”是不为外人所知的卫星测控中心，从卫星升空直到他完成使命，全方位时它进行跟踪、侧量、控制，以及运行中的故障诊断与维修。

他们自称牧星人，浩渺的天宇是牧场，大小星系是河流、溪涧，卫星是天马神骥。

儿子耿小星是本地一家私营企业的董事长，在父亲告老还乡之前，特意为父母在同一社区置办了这套顶层的房子，置办了一架远程望远镜放在露台。

“爹，你回到老家，想念老同事了,可以夜夜眺望星空。

”耿星河说:“知父莫如子，好!”耿星河出生在一个秋夜，正星斗满天，当语文老师的父亲浮想联翩，从古诗“耿耿星河欲曙天”中拈出三个字组成儿子的姓名。

姓名似乎成了一个先兆，耿星河读小学、中学时，对天文星象兴趣盎然，是业余天文小组的铁杆成员。

耿星河大学读的是宇航动力专业，毕业后因成绩优异分配到卫星测控中心。

几十年飞快地过去了，他和妻子芦管一直是两地分居，如银河两岸凝目相望的牛郎织女，只有探亲时才能团聚。

领导多次征求他的意见，要把远在老家的妻子调来，他都婉谢了。

他知道妻子离不开那所聋哑学校，离不开一拨接一拨的聋哑孩子。

作为一名模范教师，她的口语和手语出类拔萃，为不少残疾的孩子找到了光明，到了“望星空”来她会无用武之地。

2024年苏教版语文高三上学期期末自测试题(答案在后面)一、现代文阅读Ⅰ（18分）【阅读材料】在群山环绕中，有一座村庄名为níng dé（凝德）。

这里四季分明，气候宜人，隔绝了尘世的纷扰。

ninéng dé的村民以种植茶叶而闻名，每年春天，山间的嫩叶细微地轻轻伸展，一眼望去，仿佛翡翠与金绿交织，构成一首壮丽的诗篇。

每到清明，全村会举办盛大的祭茶仪式，表达对天地与自然的敬畏。

村民们相信，只有在这样的仪式中，才能获得茶叶之灵，使茶香永存四季之中。

一、现代文阅读Ⅰ阅读上面的文字，完成下面小题。

（每小题 3 分，共 15 分）1.文中提到的“níng dé” 和“ninéng dé” 的正确书写方式是下列选项中的哪一项？A. 凝德和尼凝德B. 凝德和凝德C. 尼凝德和尼凝德D. 尼凝德和凝德二、现代文阅读Ⅱ（17分）阅读下面的文章，完成下列各题。

照亮生命的光①当你在生活的道路上遇到挫折时，你会怎样做呢？你是否只在挫折的阴影中徘徊，失去了前进的动力？或许，如果有人为你点亮一盏明灯，你便能看到远处不屈的火焰。

②生活正是因为有了挫折，才会更加多姿多彩。

有些挫折虽然暂时阻碍了我们的人生道路，但也许正是它，为我们健康成长奠定了基础。

很多时候，挫折也是我们对生命CTRL+C的一次自我调整。

一个人一生不可能避免挫折，对于挫折，我们都应该以积极的心态去面对。

③生活中依旧藏有一些失望，但积极面对才能有扭转乾坤的可能。

没有人喜欢挫折，因为挫折就像人生的万丈深渊，你刚爬上去，却突然让人把你从深渊中扔下来。

经历挫折，使我们看到了生命的弱点，为我们的健康生长提供了成长的契机。

有很多成功的人士，都是历经挫折，才找到了成长的方向。

④说起来，挫折就像一把双刃剑，你可以选择在挫折的泥潭中长跪不起，也可以选择在泥潭中吸取教训，为前进铺路。

其实，对挫折的态度，在很大程度上决定了你的人生。

福建省2022-2023学年高三上学期11月联考语文试卷参考答案与试题解析一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共1小题，17分）阅读短文，完成问题。

材料一：ㅤㅤ刚出版的《黑池坝笔记（二）》，自然是7年前《黑池坝笔记（一）》的延续。

这些碎片式的随笔，是诗人陈先发在黑池坝湖边散步时内心的“游思”，与黑池坝既有关又无关，体现出一种断想短章式的复合文本形式。

套用宗白华先生“散步美学”的说法，这无疑是陈先发的“散步诗学”，而在我看来，这种散步诗学本质上是一种语言诗学。

诗人始终端坐在“语言的轮椅”上，以诗一般的语言谈论写作、诗歌和诗歌语言，以语言的灵性带动思辨，“融语言灵性与思想于一炉”，由此建立起个人的语言史和思想史。

ㅤㅤ诗歌是语言的艺术，也恰恰是在语言问题上，形成了诗人与诗人、诗作与诗作的根本区别。

正如论者所说：“陈先发式的写作，一直注重语言的‘在场’。

在他看来，写作的最高意义是对我们时代精神的记录。

”在《黑池坝笔记（二）》中，陈先发更加坚定地“通向语言之途”，有意识地凸显语言的神秘性、独创性和未完成性，以此对诗人、写作、世界和时代旁敲侧击。

ㅤㅤ语言的神秘性意味着世界的神秘性。

“一个诗人对世界和语言要完成双重的体验。

一个小说家呢？对世界重在体验，对语言则重在理解，他最核心的需要，是语言的工具理性。

而诗人须更深地参与语言中禁忌的、混沌的、神秘性的一面。

”这种语言神秘性似乎是对世界神秘性的模仿，在“坝上记事”中，陈先发多次述说这种神秘性，比如那个令人费解的“巫师”老乔，奇异本领突然而来又突然而去；那些精神病人能够创造出令人惊叹的刺绣作品，因为他们更能直观世界和语言的神秘。

ㅤㅤ语言的独创性意味着语言的个体性和思想的创造性。

按陈先发的意思，一个优秀的诗人应当能够“清算语言的遗产”，“恢复与拓展语言的表现力”，能够“把字和词的沙子拧成语言的绳子”，“形成不可复制的个体语言特性”。

个体化的语言并不意味着独语，而是意在提醒诗人自己，必须要有语言危机意识，慎重对待一切习以为常的公共性语言对个体语言的“驯化”。

高中高三现代文阅读专项练习含详细答案一、高中现代文阅读1．阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

汉字的一撇一捺都凝结着中华文化，是中国魂。

湖南卫视6月10日起推出的原创文化节目《神奇的汉字》，结合时代需求，坚守与创新并举，深入挖掘汉字文化蕴含的内容精髓，深入浅出地展现和弘扬了中国汉字文化，从而弘扬中华优秀传统文化，增强人民的文化自信。

汉字，是中华民族繁衍生息的文化基因，是传承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化的重要载体。

为深入推进中华文化广播电视传播工程，《神奇的汉字》被国家广播电视总局确定为2019年重点文化创意扶持题材。

节目选择了“汉字”这一文化题材，解析造字起源，展现了汉字的妙、雅、巧、美、趣，让观众在不知不觉中重新认识到潜藏在汉字背后的文化意蕴和文化魅力。

节目中，汉字专家郑贤章讲述了“买”字如何由最早汉语当中的表形结构，意为“网兜装满了贝（货币）”，演变为现在我们使用的“买”字，让观众看到一个汉字在千年时光中的流转变化。

节目以生动新颖的形式传递丰富的汉字知识，带领观众走进中华文化宝库，感受汉字的韵律和意境，唤醒对汉字文化和中国文化的热爱。

除了传递汉字知识，该节目还深入解读汉字背后的文化故事，弘扬中华优秀传统文化。

“求木之长者，必固其根本；欲流之远者，必浚其泉源。

”优秀传统文化是一个国家、一个民族传承和发展的根本。

《神奇的汉字》深耕中华优秀传统文化，邀请熟谙汉字文化的专家讲述汉字背后的文化故事，将汉字背后的来龙去脉和文化故事娓娓道来，以汉字的历史意义、文化价值为载体，传播和弘扬中华优秀传统文化。

汉字专家郦波在节目中这样解读“美”字：“‘美’者，甘也，从羊从大，所以我们常说‘羊大为美’。

‘美’字最早来源于美食，后来延伸到感官和审美。

我们是华夏民族，中国有礼仪之大，故曰‘夏’；有服章之美，故曰‘华’。

所以中国人的美，有美食之美、服饰之美、生活之美、心灵之美。

”节目通过汉字专家的趣味解读，寓教于乐，让观众学习汉字、热爱汉字，彰显着当下中国人对中华优秀传统文化的自信。

高中高三现代文阅读专项训练及详细答案(精选)一、高中现代文阅读1．阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

材料一：我国传统的媒体媒介方式大多为报纸、电视、书刊等等，随着经济能力的提升，人们的日常生活发生了翻天菝地的变化。

人们逐渐受到电子科技的影响，开始使用互联网、计算机、手机等进行信息的融合。

传统媒体与新媒体在当代社会发展过程中，应该协力合作，通过双方的优势互补，来提升整体的适用能力。

当前，我国存在的各类媒介自身的发展边缘已经相继模糊，这也足以证明当前媒介的融合发展巧妙地提升了整体运营合作的水平，其“整体划一”的合作理念能够更加有效地推动信息的传播工作。

各类新型技术要学习传统媒体的语言魅力和发展优势，传统媒体也应该打开思路完成自身发展的相应改革，只有两者协调合作才是当前社会应用的新型目标，才能从根本上推动我国媒体综合运营的发展。

（摘编自郭磊《浅析新媒体语境下的媒介融合》）材料二：表1人类文化和媒介素养发展过程表2受众媒介素养各维度的题项分布材料三：目前，虚假新闻泛滥，网络暴力事件频繁出现，究其原因，除了在媒介融合环境下，社会各界拥有更多新闻传播渠道而受众媒介素养普遍较低之外，还有现今我国相关法律法规存在空白和漏洞等因素。

只有对相关的法律法规进行规范，并加k大力宣传和普及，才能够让大众明辨是非。

在当今信息泛滥的媒介环境下，社会受众必须具备正确的是非观和判断能力，这便需要对社会受众实施媒介素养教育。

可以通过各社区的宣传栏、政府官方网站、各大媒体等定期发布信息筛选方法、网络防毒等相关知识，让大众能够对不正当信息加以科学判断，并且规范好个人行为，从根本上尽可能地减少虚假、垃圾信息和同质化信息的生产与传播。

在媒介融合环境下要想避免新闻内容同质化，必须重视内容的创新。

懂得依照目标受众的价值定位和社会立场，以决定媒体在信息采集、处理以及话语表达等方面的差异性，在新闻策划、采访、产品制作以及广告营销等环节当中做好统筹规划工作，让采集到的信息资源在不同媒体上实现合理分配，以打造适应不同媒体特质的新闻产品。

高三英语阅读理解专项练习（十一）AHumans are not the only ones that like gold. Australian scientists have discovered a new fungus (真菌) that decorates its long, thread-like tendrils (卷须) with gold collected from the soil. The experts desperately hope the “gold digger” will provide information on the locations of gold deposits and make searching for the precious metal easier, and more environmentally friendly.The gold-loving fungus was discovered accidentally by a team of researchers led by Dr. Tsing Bohu, a scientist at Australia national science agency, CSIRO, when they were examining the microbes (微生物) in the soil at Boddington, a tiny town home to Australia’s largest gold mine.A closer analysis suggested that the fungus uses chemical interactions with underground minerals to accumulate gold from its surroundings. Though fungi often interact with other things in nature, the reaction with gold was unexpected. ―Fungi are well-known for playing an important role in the recycling of organic material, such as leaves and bark, as well as for the cycling of other metals,” Dr. Bohu explained. ―But gold is so chemically inactive that this interaction is both unusual and surprising.”The fungi are not wearing the gold for beauty. ―There is a biological benefit from this reaction.” Dr. Bohu said, ―Gold-loving fungi can grow faster and bigger relative to other fungi that don’t work with gold.”The researchers still need to conduct further analysis to understand the relationship between the fungi and the precious metal. More importantly, they need to determine if its presence is a sure sign of the existence of large deposits of the metal underground. The scientists also believe the fungi could be used to detect the presence of gold in waste products and man-made electronics.However, those hoping to get free gold from the fungi are in for a disappointment, for the delicate fungus is hard to see. Also, its gold can only be seen under a microscope.1. What do the experts hope for?A. Investigating the sites.B. Excavating the gold mines.C. Getting further informed.D. Unearthing gold deposits.2. What could be learned according to Dr. Bohu?A. Fungi’s interaction with gold is unexpected but beneficial.B. Gold’s classification is biologically identified by fungi.C. Fungi’s formation with gold is fairly natural and frequent.D. Gold is chemically accumulated by fungi’s evolution.3. How does the author find the finding?A. It excites the gold diggers’ motivation.B. It has a long way to go before confirmation.C. It lays the foundation of geological studies.D. It ensures the search of gold sites.4. What can be the suitable title for the text?A. Beauty-loving Fungi Wrapped by GoldB. Gold-loving Fungi Discovered in AustraliaC. Boddington, Austria’s Largest Gold MineD. New Discovery of Gold with FungiBChristmas wouldn’t be Christmas without mountains of wrapping paper covering the floor on25 December. Or would it?A rise in interest in crafting(手工艺)，coupled with a greater awareness of the environment under lockdown, has led to an increase in interest in furoshiki-the Japanese art of fabric wrapping this year.Furoshiki are traditional Japanese cloths used to transport food, clothes or gifts. They are increasingly being accepted by shoppers as an alternative to paper. The cloths are easy to use: gifts are placed in the centre of the fabric, which is then tucked(卷起)around the object and fastened with a knot (结).Because fabric is so much more malleable (可塑的)than wrapping paper, it can be used to make even the most awkward-shaped gifts look professionally wrapped. The Covid-19 pandemic(大流行病)has brought the environment into a new focus for people, causing people all to make more environmentally conscious decisions around what we buy.Part of the appeal of fabric wrapping is that it is a present in itself. The receiver can not only enjoy a beautifully wrapped gift but can then reuse the cloth to give a gift of their own.Some customers use their cloth within family or friendship circles, so that it eventually makes its way back to them. There’s a certain magic and tradition in passing it from person to person.Then there’s the rising interest in craft. Fabric wrapping is often handmade. Compared to standard wrapping paper, fabric wrapping offers more chances to experiment with different folding techniques and the way it lends itself to botanical decoration. There is a huge appetite for people wanting to learn new craft skills and perhaps create their own gifts for friends and family.The practice of using furoshiki became widespread during Japan’s Edo period (1603-1868), when people bundled(捆)their clothes in fabric while visiting public baths. The custom was generally the preserve of older people in Japan, but younger generations are getting on board as a result of the pandemic. They have started to reconsider their ways of life.5. Which of the following can best describe furoshiki?A. Sustainable.B. Wasteful.C. Complex to knot.D. Awkward to carry.6What is the advantage of furoshiki over standard wrapping paper?A. It has less human touch.B. It improves gardening skills.C. It stimulates appetite for food.D. It offers more space for creativity.7. Why does furoshiki begin to be accepted by younger people?A. It has a long family tradition.B. Pandemic promotes green rethink.C. Public baths are gaining popularity.D. It’s their turn to preserve the custom.8. What is the text mainly about?A. The history of furoshiki.B. The benefits of furoshiki.C. Ways to wrap a gift with furoshiki.D. Reasons for a growing interest in furoshiki.CThe short film Piper, released by Pixar in 2016, won the 89th Academy Award for Best Animated Short film. Piper was written and directed by Alan Barillaro, previously working in th e animation department. It’s a wonder that he had the fortune to win Oscar for his first film.The short film follows a baby bird named Piper, as she learns and overcomes her fears of finding food at the seafront. Piper is encouraged to peck（啄）at the sand beach but gets wet through with water from a wave. Discouraged by the terrible wave, she hopes to get food from her mother but fails. After gathering up the courage again, she meets a hermit crab（寄居蟹）who shows her not to be scared of the ocean but to embrace it. Finally, she discovers the secret of the ocean and feeds herself even her family. It’s a story about facing challenges and not being discouraged by failure. Like Piper, we can always find solutions and come out stronger than ever before.Somehow Pixar manages to fit all of these into a five-minute-long short film, without using any spoken language and entirely by animation. Movements and personified facialexpressions are what drive this story in this film. Much like the nature documentary, the continuous pulling of the shallow focus adds the sense of realism. The clean and clear animation allows for even the slightest micro-expressions to be picked up by the audience. And the music is consistent with Piper’s emotions, making the audience feel the s ame way.This film and lots of others by Pixar make us laugh and cry all the time. By fitting a simple story with simple characters, we are led through challenges to a satisfying conclusion for our characters. It’s one of the best short films in a long ti me.9. What is the storyline of the short film?A. A mother instructs her child to find food.B. A bird overcomes fears and grows independent。

江西省语文高三上学期复习试题及解答参考一、现代文阅读Ⅰ（18分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-5题。

【阅读材料】《时间的痕迹》在城市的喧嚣与忙碌之中，人们常常忘记了时间的存在。

它无声无息地流逝，只留下岁月的痕迹。

老树的年轮一圈圈地增加，记录着时间的脚步；老人脸上的皱纹一条条地加深，刻画着生活的沧桑。

我们每个人都在时间的长河中航行，有时顺流而下，有时逆水行舟。

然而，不管我们如何努力，时间总是按照自己的节奏前行，不为任何人停留。

记得小时候，夏日的午后显得格外漫长，阳光从树叶间漏下来，在地上形成斑驳的光影。

那时的时间仿佛是凝固的，可以让我尽情地玩耍而不必担心明天的到来。

如今，随着年龄的增长，时间似乎变得越来越快，每一天都像在追赶什么似的匆匆忙忙。

也许，这正是成长的一部分——学会珍惜每一刻，不让时光白白流逝。

时间对于每个人来说都是公平的，但每个人对时间的感受又是如此不同。

有的人觉得时间太多，不知道如何打发；有的人却感叹时间太少，总有做不完的事情。

其实，重要的不是时间本身，而是我们如何利用它。

如果我们能够把有限的时间投入到有意义的事情上，那么即使时间飞逝，我们也能从中收获满足感与成就感。

所以，让我们学会与时间和平相处吧！珍惜每一个瞬间，让生活中的每一分每一秒都充满意义。

当我们回首往事时，会发现自己拥有的不仅仅是物质上的财富，更有那些珍贵的记忆，它们将伴随我们度过未来的岁月。

1.文章开头提到，“在城市的喧嚣与忙碌之中，人们常常忘记了时间的存在。

”这句话反映了现代生活中的一种什么现象？（3分）A. 忙碌的生活使人们忽视了时间的价值。

B. 城市的发展使得时间变得不再重要。

C. 现代人已经习惯了快节奏的生活方式。

D. 时间在城市环境中失去了其原有的意义。

2.作者通过“老树的年轮”和“老人脸上的皱纹”来比喻什么？（3分）A. 时间的不可逆性B. 生命的成长过程C. 时间留下的印记D. 自然界的循环往复3.第三段中提到的“成长的一部分”具体指什么？（4分）4.根据文章内容，请简要概括作者对于时间的看法。

高中高三现代文阅读专题练习及详细答案一、高中现代文阅读1．阅读下面的文字，完成小题。

高贵的捐赠①这是一场惨痛的灾难。

一场大火，夺去了这个家庭女主人的生命，吞噬了这个家庭所有的财产，男主人和他那叫翔子的小孩在消防人员的帮助下，艰难地逃了出来。

②我是在灾难后的第二天去看望他们的，带去了一点点钱，算是对他们的捐赠。

在捐赠的人群中，有一对母女引起了我的注意，她俩显然也是来捐赠的，却呆在人群的外围。

那个母亲蹲在地上，絮絮叨叨地向那个只有四五岁的小女孩说着什么，而那小女孩撅着嘴，一脸的不情愿。

③我猜测，可能是这位母亲拿了女儿不愿意拿出的东西来捐赠，才引得了小女孩的不高兴。

我走过去，才发现自己的猜测错了。

那位母亲正在指着地上的那堆东西对女儿说：“你瞧，这被褥，是妈妈最好的被褥。

这件衣服，是你爸爸刚买的、最好的一件衣服。

我们都能将自己最好的东西拿来捐给翔子家，你为什么就不能拿你最好的呢?你有那么多玩具，为什么偏偏就拿这个破旧的玩具熊呢?”④小女孩有些局促不安，小声地问：“难道就要将最好的东西送给别人吗?非得最好的吗?”母亲回答说：“我想是的。

咱们能不能不捐这破旧的熊，捐你最宝贝的?”⑤小女孩抬起头来，有点手足无措，但最终还是小声说：“我，舍不得。

”⑥停了几秒，小女孩又问：“我要是将我最宝贝的东西捐给了翔子，他还会还给我吗?”我忍不住就插了嘴，因为小女孩提问的样子实在是大可爱了，“当然不会，哪有捐出去的东西又要回来的道理?”小女孩有些不死心，抬头看了看她的妈妈．她的妈妈点了点头，算是肯定我的回答。

女孩这才彻底低了头。

⑦我们一道走过去，我将准备好的一点点钱交到翔子父亲的手里，说上一两句安慰的话。

小女孩的母亲送上带来的被褥和衣物。

小女孩慢慢走上前去，拉过满脸泪痕的翔子的手，郑重地、小心翼翼地将她母亲的手交到翔子那只小手上，她的脸色己经苍白，咬了咬嘴唇，再咬了咬嘴唇，然后下了很大决心似的说：“翔子，我将我妈妈捐给你了，你以后有妈妈了。

阅读表达一．阅读理解（共13小题）1．（2020•天津）I remember the day shyness took over my life．I was14and having a French lesson．The teacher told us to record ourselves speaking about a holiday．Perfect!I recorded myself with confidence．Then，I pressed "play"to listen back．All I heard was a little kid talking．My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording．But that was my voice．I realised there was something strange about me．My little voice has made me feel really shy．And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events，not make important connections，and keep my ideas to myself．As a shy person，working from home，hiding behind my computer was brilliant．But the more time I spent hidden away，the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）．Everyday interactions，like ordering a coffee，became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable．And then，one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning．All speakers were confident，comfortable with being seen．There were no quieter voices．But the trouble is，if the loud voices are the only ones you hear，we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏远的）．The world needs a mixture of personalities．Success is not just about who can shout the loudest．The world needs quieter people，too．That day I chose to stop hiding and embrace my shyness．No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed．No more living a small life．Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society，a space for shy people like me to shine，and in the process of helping others，I could also push myself forward，bit by bit．Now，I'm happy to tell people I feel shy．I'm not ashamed any more．And I know that I'm not alone．（1）Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording？（no more than10words）（2）What is the main idea of Para．2？（no more than10words）（3）What does the underlined word in Para．3mean？（1word）（4）Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society？（no more than10words）（5）Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society，what will you do to help other shy people？And why？（no more than20words）2．（2020•天津）As any younger brother will tell you，having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow，especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of"cool"．For years I wanted to doeverything my elder brother Tyson did，but no matter how hard I tried，I was always the neglected（被忽略的）one．My legs just weren't made to run like his．I could never play football or basketball well．I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career，but when my family moved，everything changed．Tyson left for college，so I had to start at a new school all by myself．This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of"cool"．I don't know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school，but one day I chanced to show up for an after﹣school meeting of the Science Olympiad team．I had always been fascinated with chemistry，biology，and math，but since those interests hadn't fit．Tyson's definition of"cool"，I had never pursued them．On this day，for some reason，I did．As we organized teams，prepared resources and practiced answering questions，I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team．I didn't feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else；I was finally with peers who understood me．It was so good to feel accepted for what I'm good at．For the first time in my life，I actually felt cool．Now I know who I am！I'm Tyson's little brother，but that's only part of my identity．I'm a cool guy in my own way，too．I'm relieved to know that"cool"has a much broader definition than what I used to think．（1）How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph1？（no more than8words）（2）What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved？（no more than15words）（3）According to Paragraph3，what marked the turning point in the author's growth？（no more than7words）（4）What does Paragraph4mainly talk about？（no more than10words）（5）What is your example of"cool"？Please explain why．（no more than20words）3．（2019•天津）Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways．Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full﹣throated happy birthday to him．It was his80th．As he walked the long hallway，some popped out of line to hug him．They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes．Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection，Mabry thanked them all．"They're like my children，"Mabry said．On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break．He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name eachone．Some of them make him know them．Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants a hug．"He won't brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day．If a child approaches him，he will pause to give that child his undivided attention．He's the most loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreatli，a reading teacher．Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch．He doesn't expect a lot．Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration．Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house．One card from a student stood out to him．It read："Mr．Haze，you are my sunshine．"（1）What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than5words）（2）How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than15words）（3）What does the underlined word in Paragraph2probably mean？（1word）（4）Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than10words）（5）Who is the"sunshine"in your life？Please explain．（no more than20words）4．（2018•天津）Some people live to climb the highest mountains．Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all．But one thing is certain，all people encounter mountains in their life．When I was a little girl，my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain．One day after school，while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs．What could these steps lead to？Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon．I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps．I climbed and climbed．There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps．I had to reach the top!But it was now getting real dark．If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back．My mum would be worried sick if I didn't come home soon．So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared．Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain．Could there be a castle up there？Maybe I would find a monster（怪物）．Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming backhome．Or，maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing!But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost．I could hardly wait to try this adventure again．Now we live in a world surrounded by the"can't do"attitudes．We all fall down．We all have doubts and regrets．Still we must climb and dream about what's at the top of our mountain．Monsters may appear or the night will fall．But never ever give up on your dream!Never let anyone tell you，"You can't．"Dream big and climb high！（1）What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top？（no more than5words）（2）Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain？Give two reasons．（no more than15words）（3）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph4？（no more than10 words）（4）How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？（no more than5words）（5）What's your attitude towards the"mountain"in your life？Please explain．（no more than20words）5．（2016•上海）Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵）at some of the country's busiest stations．In the first move of its kind，all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量）at the height of the rush hour．A six﹣month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid﹣April，eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left．The move，imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong，is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times．it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years．According to London Underground，only40percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators，leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the"standing"side．A three﹣week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third．Peter McNaught，operations director at London Underground，said："It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still，but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can betrue．This new six﹣month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term．"Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at23.4high．Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up﹣meaning only one side was used at all times．Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over18.5to ban walking．The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried2，500people between8：30am and9：30am on a typical day，rising to3，250during the researching period．In the new trial，which will be launched from April18，one of three"up"escalators will be standing only，with a second banning walking at peak times．A third will remain a mix of walking and standing．（Note：Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）78．What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left？79．What did last year's three﹣week trial at Holborn station prove？80．The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least in height．81．In the new trail，in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours，the other"up"escalators will be used for．6．（2016•天津）I'm a34﹣year﹣old man，married，lived in a nice house，and have a successful career as an educational consultant．But my life was not always so great．I had a learning disability from an early age．I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help．Still，I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools．My life improved remarkably when I discovered art．The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words．I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay（黏土）．Here I learned my first important lesson：disabled as I was in language．I could still be smart and well express myself with clay．And my confidence came along．I got my next lesson from rock climbing．It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start．I soon noticed it wasn't a talent thing；it was practice．So I did it more．After about five years of climbing，I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall．I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it．Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write．Every day I practiced reading and writing，which I used to avoid as much as possible．After two hard years，I was literate．Having gone through the long process with art，rock climbing，and reading and writing，now I've got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown，hard，but interesting．56．What made the author's school days difficult？（No more than5words）57．Why did art give the author confidence？（No more than10words）58．What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing？（No more than15words）59．What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph4？（No more than5words）60．How does the author's story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life？Put it in your own words．（No more than20words）．7．（2014•上海）More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility （CSR）．CSR is made up of three broad layers．The most basic is traditional corporate charity work．Companies typically spend about1%of pre﹣tax profits on worthy projects．But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough．In some companies，shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use，and employees want to be actively involved in good works．Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior．Hence the second layer of CSR，which is a branch of risk management．Starting in the1980s，with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill，industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation．So，companies often responded by trying to manage the risks．They talk to non﹣governmental organisations （NGOs）and to governments，create codes of conduct（行为准则）and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations．Increasingly，too．they，along with their competitors，set common rules to spread risks．All this is largely defensive，but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game．The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR：the idea that it can help to create value．If approached in a strategic way，CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage．That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear．The idea of"doing well by doing good"has become popular．Nevertheless，the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives．Can you measure CSR performance？Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you're your competitors？Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy？Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream．Big companies want to tell the world about theirand can be positively harmful．Done well，though，it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side，a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business．（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）78．Both in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities．79．Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage．80．With the emphasis on opportunity，the third layer of CSR is meant to．81．According to the passage，"good business"（paragraph6）means that corporations while making profits．8．（2014•天津）Last December，Doris Low turned90．Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind（CNIB）in Toronto，where she helps transform literature into Braille（CNIB）to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hears and minds of blind readers．She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises foe more than40years．After working in the business world for a while，Low got fed up．So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library．Low's mother liked reading．As her eyes began to fail，low read to her．Then"hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn Braille，I decided to give it a try．"In1973，she was certified as a braille transcriber （转译者）and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library．The job was strenuous﹣﹣﹣she could get to the end of a page，make a mistake on the last line，and have to do the whole thing again．For a number of years，low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape．Three years ago，she took up proofreading（校对）at the CNIB's word factory．In April，during Volunteer Week，the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions．Thanks to volunteers like Low，the CNIB library has got more than80，000accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print．"I can't imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited fromDoris's contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years﹣﹣﹣and she is still doing so，"said a CNIB official．"For me，"said Low，"the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer．Three thins matter most in my life：a little play，a little work，a little love．I've found them all here．"56．What does Low still do at the age of90at the CNIB？（no more than10words）57．why did Low learn Braille？（no more than15words）58．what does the underlined word"strenuous"most probably mean？（1word）59．What are Low's contributions to the CNIB？（no more than10words）60．What do you think of Low？Give your reasons．（no more than20words）9．（2014•四川）When my father was celebrating a milestone（里程碑）birthday，I pulled together a surprisegift that he would never forget．As he was approaching60，I had a fim idea：What if I could get the memories people had of him，put each one into an envelope﹣60in total﹣and have him open them，one by one，on his birthday？So I wrote an e﹣mail to family and friends，explaining my idea．I sent the e﹣mail and waited．And then the replies started coming in and I was very，very surprised．There were so many memories，and they were all so lovely．They came from the'50s，'60s，'70s，from every decade （十年）between now and the day my dad was born．They came from my mother，my siblings，my grandma，my dad's friends from high school，his sister，my dad's first boss，a colleague at his first job，from people who hadn't seen my dad in40years，from people I myself hadn't even informed．They typed them and handwrote them．They mailed them and e﹣mailed them．The night before Dad's birthday，my sister and I stayed up late，putting everything together with someThe next morning，after breakfast and presents and cake，we gave the pile of envelopes to him．"Just one more thing for you，"we said．It took him a long time to open them and read．Each one was a brief ticket to another time，a leap（跳跃）backward over years and decades．There was a lot of laughter and a few tears，too．I was kind of sad when the project was over because it was great fun to collect these memories．It gave me a different picture of my dad．56．When did the author give her father a surprise gift？（no more than4words）57．Who sent the mails？（no more than6words）58．Why did the author and her sister stay up late the night before their father's birthday？（no more than9words）59．How did the author's father most probably feel when he read（he mails？（no more than3words）60．What was the surprise gift？（no more than6words）10．（2013•山东）[1]Jean Paul Getty was born in1892in Minneapolis，Minnesota．He became a millionaire when he was only24．His father was wealthy，but he did not help his son．Getty made his millions alone．He madehis money from oil．He owned Getty Oil and over100other companies．The Fortune magazine once called Getty"the richest man in the world．"[2]But money．He married five times and divorced five times．He had five children but spent little time with them．None of Getty's children had very happy lives．[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it．In spite of his great wealth，Getty was miser．Every evening，he wrote down every cent he spent that day．He even put pay telephone in the guest's bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills．[4]In1973，kidnappers took his16﹣year﹣old grandson，and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return．Getty's son asked his father for money to save his child．But Getty refused．The kidnappers were merciless and Getty's son made repeated requests for help from his father．Finally，Getty agreed to lend the money，but at4percent interest．[5]Getty started a museum at his home Malibu，California．He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum．When Getty died in1976，the value of the collection in the museum was$1billion．He left all his money to the museum．After his death，the museum grew in size．Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States．Getty made a large fortune in his life，but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art．76．What is the main idea of Paragraph1？（no more than8words）77．Fill in the blank in Paragraph2with proper words．（no more than7words）78．Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph3．79．What did the kidnappers do to Getty's family（no more than10words）80．What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph？（no more than10words）．11．（2013•江西）[1]Fishing is probably the world's most popular sport．People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four﹣wheel﹣drive vehicles．In addition，they spend money on fishing equipment，bait，fuel and boat repairs．And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime．Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it．Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby．[2]Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby．Firstly，of the millions of people who fish for fun，most only catch enough fish to feed their families．They catch fish that are found in large numbers，so there is little danger to the species（种类）．[3]Secondly，recreational fishermen contribute to the economy．They spend money on equipment and other items，and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel．Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation（食宿）and airfares．This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year．[4]Thirdly，fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress．Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol，it is far better to go fishing．People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near﹣﹣﹣except for the smell of the bait![5]Those who say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers，lakes，streams and oceans．This could lead to the dying out of some species．Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world，so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females，leaving few fish to produce young．[6]Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport，which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun．Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating，so they are thrown away．Once hooked，fish have no chance of escape．76．What is the main idea of the passage？（no more than4words）．77．According to Paragraph2，why does fishing cause little danger to the species？（no more than8 words）．78．List4items on which people spend their money for fishing．（no more than7words）79．Fill in the blank in Paragraph5with proper words．Those who say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers，lakes，streams and oceans．80．What does the word"which"（Line1，Paragraph6）probably refer to？（no more than3words）．12．（2013•上海）A study of more than five million books，both fiction and non﹣fiction，has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time．The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer，a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books，to search for more than600 particular words identified as representing anger，dislike，fear，joy，sadness and surprise．They found that almost all of the categories（类别）showed a drop in these"mood words"over time．Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage．"It is a steady and continuous decrease，"said Dr Alberto Acerbi．He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature，in a crowded media landscape．"One thing could be that in parallel to books the20th century saw the start of other media．Maybe these media﹣movies，radio，drama﹣had more emotional content than books．"Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend，the research，published in the journal PLOS One，found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio（比率）between the two varied greatly，apparently mirroring historical events．During the Roaring Twenties the joy﹣to﹣sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash．But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War．Nevertheless，the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends．In the paper，they even argue that the reverse could be true．"It has been suggested，for example，that it was the suppression（压抑）of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing‘filled with romance and sex'…perhaps，"they conclude，"songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body．"（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）81．A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in"mood words"over time except．82．According to Dr Alberto Acerbi，one reason for the drop of"mood words"in books may be that．83．What were the two periods when the joy﹣to﹣sadness ratio was at its highest？．84．While the researchers found some changes in the use of"mood words"in books，they werenot sure that．13．（2012•上海）While contact between adolescents（between the ages of fifteen and nineteen）and their peers （同龄人）is a universal characteristic of all cultures，the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal．In American contemporary society，adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults．This pattern of age segregation（隔离）in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society．Changes in the workplace separated children from adults，with adults working and children attending school．The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults．School reform efforts during the nineteenth century，which resulted in age﹣segregated schools and grades，have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children．Finally，the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture．From1955to1975，the adolescent population increased dramatically，from11percent to20.9percent．This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size．Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers．Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents'daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity．In a typical week，high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults．This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence．In sixth grade，adults （excluding parents）account for only25percent of adolescent social networks．Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous（自治的）function．While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents，adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so．（Note：Answer t．he quesnons or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS．）81．"This pattern of age segregation"refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from 82．Besides changes in the workplace，are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture．83．When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults？84．How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups？．二．解答题（共2小题）14．（2017•天津）In the years of my growing up，Dad was strict with me．He made sure I made my bed and did my homework．He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party．I got so angry with him。