专题11 限时阅读八(2017年全国II)-高中英语优选精炼限时阅读

限时阅读十一（2017年天津卷）阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）ASuppose you’re in a rush, felling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realization will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horrors and burn with shame.What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.Clicking “send” too soonDon’t waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.Writing the wrong timeThe sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offered, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(I.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).Clicking “reply all” unintentionallyYou accidentally reveal(透露)to entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.Sending an offensive message to it’s subjectThe most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity tic hear up any difficulties you may have with this person.36. After realizing an email accident, you are likely to feel _______.A. curiousB. tiredC. awfulD. funny37. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ________.A. apologise in a serious mannerB. tell the receiver to ignore the errorC. learn to write the name correctlyD. send a short notice to everyone38. What should you do when an unpleasant conver sation is started by your “reply all” email?A. Try offering other choices.B. Avoid further involvement.C. Meet other staff members.D. Make a light-hearted apology.39. How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?A. By promising not to offend the receiver again.B. By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.C. By asking the receiver to control his anger.D. By talking to the receiver face to face.40. What is the passage mainly about?A. Defining email errors.B. Reducing email mistakes.C. Handling email accidents.D. Improving email writing.BFifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She s eemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow coms to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.Perhaps we all live in each others’ space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.41. What happened when the author was about to take a photo?A. Her camera stopped working.B. A woman blocked her view.C. Someone asked her to leaveD. A friend approached from behind.42. According to the author, the woman was probably_______.A. enjoying herselfB. losing her patienceC. waiting for the sunsetD. thinking about her past43. In the author’s opi nion, what makes the photo so alive?A. The rich color of the landscape.B. The perfect positioning of the camera.C. The woman’s existence in the photo.D. The soft sunlight that summer day.44. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.A. the need to be close to natureB. the importance of private spaceC. the joy of the vacation in ItalyD. the shared passion for beauty45. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _______.A. a particular life experienceB. the pleasure of travelingC. the art of photographyD. a lost friendshipCThis month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the dr iver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel —to check email, say —the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduces earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know —no driver.” zxx.k Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore,where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would tak e over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A place where cars often break down.B. A case where passing a law is impossible.C. An area where no driving is permitted.D. A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to __________.A. stop people from breaking traffic rulesB. help promote fully automatic drivingC. protect drivers of all ages and racesD. prevent serious property damage48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.B. It should be the main concern of law makers.C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.D. It should involve no human responsibility.49. Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in __________.A. SingaporeB. the UKC. the USD. Germany50. What could be the best title for passage?A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughC. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver RemovedD. Driverless Cars: Root of Road AccidentsDI read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup required a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait isunusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody. zx@xkWe cer tainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy as the next guy.51. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to ___________.A. keep ourselves busyB. get absent-mindedC. grow anxiousD. stay focused52. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?\A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control.B. The Forced Wait makes people passive.C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.53. What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?A. It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.B. It doesn’t always bring the desired result.C. It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.D. It doesn’t give people faith and hope.54. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?A. Take it seriously.B. Don’t rel y on others.C. Do something else.D. Don’t lose heart.55. The author supports his view by _________.A. exploring various causes of “waits”.B. describing detailed processes of “waits”.C. analyzing different categories of “waits”D. revealing frus trating consequences of “waits”第三节词汇句型积累1. 请写出给你造成阅读障碍的单词并注明汉语意思（5个）2）请写出让你感兴趣的短语和句子，并用英语简单解释原因该篇文章的文体是什么？你当时是怎么想的？答案：CABDC BACDA DBDCA BABDC。

英语专题复习说明文阅读理解训练一、2017·全国二卷CTerrafugiaInc said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after TerrafugiaInc introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks TerrafugiaInc has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The movement has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said TerrafugiaInc was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. TerrafugiaInc says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causes traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It bums too much fuel.30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s Fist FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to RealityDWhen a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short?Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate （亲密的）than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The word is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than beforeC. The world is more complex than it seemsD. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.二、2017·全国三卷CAfter years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —major food sources（来源）for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation（植被）, which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.28. What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.29. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A. Damage to local ecology.B. A decline in the park’s income.C. Preservation of vegetation.D. An increase in the variety of animals.31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Uncaring.DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated（隔绝）and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation（导航）tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr. Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案）to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”32.What is the purpose of the Drivel LAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older driver`s problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.35. What is the best title for the text?A. A new Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic ProblemC. Driving Service for eldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road三、2018·江西一模CAlongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But it’s a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote: “The most intimate（亲密的）relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays, for most people in the world’s wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable. Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and you’ll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession. And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. It’s almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen. But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging（夸耀）, many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying. This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banks—European organizations that hand out donated food to those who can’t afford to pay for it themselves. So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.28. According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?A. Air.B. Water.C. Food.D. Human beings.29. What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Delicious food.B. A person fond of food.C. A social media app.D. A photo of delicious meals.30. Who can get help from food banks?A. Poor people in the UK.B. Poor people in Africa.C. Starving children in Kenya.D. People in the drought-stricken.31. What’s the best title for the text?A. Treat Food as a HobbyB. Time to Appreciate FoodC. Food Shortage in Some CountriesD. How to Spend World Food DayDTraditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material: But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus（章鱼）.Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the study’s authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains（地形）or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’re taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone （硅酮）body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology’ Center for Micro-Bio Robotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”32. What’s the special feature of “Octobot”？A. It’s soft.B. It’s made of metal.C. It’s very small.D. It looks like an octopus.33. What’s the disadvantage of traditional robots?A. They’re hard to control.B. They’re too heavy to move.C. They can’t predict conditions.D. They can’t behave well all the time.34. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s ________.A. silicone bodyB. complex componentsC. precise movementsD. flexible power source35. What’s the possible application of “Octobot”？A. Medical research.B. Life rescue.C. Machine operation.D. House cleaning.一、28-31 ACBD 32-35 DABC二、28-31 DCAB 32-35 CACD三、28-31 CBAB 32-35 ADDB。

浙江2017高考英语阅读理解（细节理解）精讲精练（附答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题) ；3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。

【细节理解题】Ⅰ. 细节理解题一般可分为：直接信息题、间接信息题和信息综合题。

1. 直接信息题：先看题干，以便在阅读的过程中更快找出相关事实细节。

2. 间接信息题：需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。

3. 信息综合题：涉及文章中的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方，因此要把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。

Ⅱ. 正确答案的特点：与原文信息表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。

Ⅲ. 干扰项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3. 与原文信息极为相似，只是在程度上有些不同；4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。

【真题回放一】How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解A篇）42. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright .A. praised his plows in publicB. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing to the shopD. showed his products to the customers42. B。

专题03 优选精炼说明文养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

1.（2024·江西鹰潭·高三贵溪市实验中学校考期末）Aeronautics (航空学) specialists from the University of South Australia spent months studying the dragonfly’s flight, creating 3D models from digital images, to build a winged drone (无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drones based on the dragonfly’s shape and movement will simply be more flexible and energy efficient.Chahl’s team used a special photography technique to classify the wing shapes of 75 different dragonfly species from museum collections. Their wings are long, light and hard. Plus, their long bodies give them excellent stability and balance, making it possible for winged drones to deliver awkward loads and undertake long observation missions.Investigating the way that dragonflies remain stable during flight actually reveals the techniques they use to get themselves out of tricky situations. Dragonflies are found to be able to perform upside-down backflips to regain balance and normal flight, when they find themselves upside down mid-air. This special skill can even be performed while dragonflies are unconscious, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in concept to planes that are designed to glide to safety with their engines turned off. Engineers are looking to copy dragonfly wings to create safer drones that can right themselves.Of course, not all attempts to build dragonfly-like drones are successful. TechJet’s air vehicle was supposed to operate as an aerial camera, observation and security drone, but it failed before production got underway. Similarly, Insectothopter, an American dragonfly spydrone built in the 1970 s was deserted.Yet the principles behind winged drones are solid. In fact, NASA has settled on a nuclear-powered autonomous craft called Dragonfly to explore the surface of Saturn’s moon Titan in 2034. NASA’s project is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drone, but engineers are still convinced they can crack the code of nature’s most gifted flying insect and revolutionize unmanned flight along the way.1．Why did aeronautics specialists spend months studying the dragonfly’s flight?A．To build 3D models from digital images.B．To make winged drones modelled after it.C．To clarify the flexibility and efficiency of drones.D．To display the shape and movement of the dragonfly.2．The special skill of dragonflies is their ability to_________.A．glide to safety B．avoid tricky situationsC．perform observation tasks D．adjust themselves to stay stable 3．What is the author’s attitude towards winged drones?A．Skeptical.B．Uncertain.C．Supportive.D．Conservative. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．Winged Drones: Still a Long Way to GoB．Javaan Chahl: An Innovative Leader of AeronauticsC．A Dragonfly’s Flying Technique: Perfect for DronesD．The Code of Nature: A Solution to NASA’s Space Exploration2.（2024上·甘肃酒泉·高三校考期末）A common theme running in fiction and mythology is the idea of orphan (孤儿) heroes and superheroes. Fairytales introduce us to children of absent fathers and cruel caretakers, like Cinderella and Snow White. Fiction makes much of the parentage of David Copperfield and Jane Eyre. Comic books offer orphaned heroes like Batman, Spiderman, or you’ll notice characters in more modern fiction from films and books like Harry Potter and Leia Skywalker.Why are so many heroes and superheroes orphans?Lacking parents, orphan heroes and superheroes are considered “children of the world”. Having raised themselves, and having been freed from much of the complex relationship ofchild to parent, ophan heroes and superheroes are at much greater liberty to interact with the world, and they may look at the world as parent and all its inhabitants as family.Some orphans seek only a home and a family. David Copperfield finds this with his aunt. Cinderella and Snow White escape evil stepmothers by marrying. Others, especially of the superhero “cast” are never really given family in the traditional sense. In fact, though they may have strong bonds with friends, or with caretakers, they are constantly attempting to prove worthiness to the world, and are desperate to save the people they do care about.You can also evaluate orphan heroes and superheroes as a means by which anxiety, loneliness, and independence are emphasized. The comic book type superhero is usually one who suffers always, or at least most of the time. Loss of even one parent can be intensely upsetting and forever change a child’s life, and superheroes may do all in their power to prevent this fate for other children. Empathy for suffering and a desire to end or prevent it for others are increased.It’s a good idea to consider why we see this theme expressed so commonly. Perhaps we ⅵew these orphans or poorly parented children as ultimately our own. They may not just be children of the world, but may belong to each reader.5．Why does the author mention some famous characters in Paragraph 1?A．To clarify the writing purpose.B．To advertise classic fiction.C．To support a statement.D．To make an overall outline.6．Which of the following drives some orphans to become superheroes?A．Intention to escape a family.B．Desire to prove their value to the world.C．Strong bonds with their family.D．Wishes for freedom to explore the world. 7．Which word best describes the comic book type superhero?A．Childish.B．Dependent.C．Cheerful.D．Sympathetic. 8．What may make the theme of orphan superheroes so common?A．Ophans’ ultimte fate is pitifulB．Readers have a preference for tragedies.C．Orphan characters are reflections of the readers.D．Readers may regard orphan characters as their own kids.3.（2024上·甘肃武威·高三统考期末）I’ve never had a great sense of direction. And I often wander into shops and, uponcoming back out, can’t remember which way I’ve come from — left or right? Many people are like me, and why do some constantly have no idea where they are?The hippocampus (海马体) is a region of the brain associated with memory and involved in sense of direction. And a nearby region has also been associated with sense of direction. There are four known types of navigation-related neurons (神经元), found in these regions place cells, grid cells, border cells and head direction cells.In short, you can think of place cells as an internal cognitive (认知的) map; they identify where you are. Grid cells are like a GPS system in our brain; they tell us about the relationship of this place to other places we’ve been to. Border cells respond to the presence of environmental boundaries at a specific direction and distance from us. Lastly, head direction cells are activated when our head faces a specific direction. These cells will fire electrical impulses when we enter familiar locations, with each group of cells relating to a specific place.Our reliance on GPS and smartphones may have decreased the ability to use our internal maps. Older adults who regularly used GPS had less activity in their hippocampus, compared with those who did not use GPS. They also performed slightly worse in a cognition test. In contrast, a study involving London taxi drivers found they significantly larger hippocampus than ordinary people.You can improve your way-finding ability specifically by practicing the skill, according to Aziz, PhD of neurology at Temple University School of Medicine. “The more you get out and go to places, the better,” he says. Physical exercise improves the blood flow to the brain, while mental exercise, such as doing puzzles or learning a new language, stimulates the development of new nerve cells and connections in your brain.9．How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A．By raising a question.B．By making a comparison.C．By stating personal opinions.D．By referring to scientific research.10．What can we learn about the four types of navigation-related neurons?A．They depend closely on each other.B．They are responsible for different jobs.C．They will decrease in numbers as one ages.D．They will fail to function in unfamiliar situations.11．What will happen it we rely too much on GPS?A．We will easily be misled.B．Our hippocampus will get enlarged.C．Our cognitive ability will be affected.D．We will have our hippocampus relaxed.12．What are we advised to do according to the last paragraph?A．Build up our body.B．Take training courses.C．Try different brain exercises.D．Get out to connect with people.4.（2023·广西南宁·高三南宁三中校考阶段练习）In the endless sky, the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars on a clear, dark night. Unfortunately, growing light pollution has impeded people from the nightly view.New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “sky glow”-the diffuse illumination (漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution. The data came from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night, a program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and wildlife, since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved alongside. Furthermore, the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage. Until relatively recently, humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky, and the effect of this nighty spectacle (壮观) is evident in ancient cultures.Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006. Anyone can submit observations through the Globe at Night web application. Participants record which one best matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9.6% per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites. Existing satellites are not well suited to measuring sky glow as it appears to humans, because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than 500 nanometers (纳米). White LEDs, with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers, now are increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting. But humaneyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at nighttime. Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows, either. But these sources are significant contributors to sky glow us seen from the ground.“The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies,” said Walker. “The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow, and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.”13．What does the underlined word “impeded” in the first paragraph mean?A．separated.B．disabled.C．demanded.D．protected. 14．What does the loss of visible stars lead to?A．Poorer human health.B．Fewer wildlife species.C．More delicate biological systems.D．Less nightly culture elements of the sky. 15．What does the author stress in paragraph 5?A．Crowd sourced data are invaluable B．Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.C．Satellites play a vital role.D．White LEDs are widely used. 16．What can be inferred from Walker’s words?A．Their consistent efforts pay off.B．The dataset needs to be updated.C．The sky glow has been over-emphasized.D．More participants are expected to join in.5.（2023·广西玉林·高三统考阶段练习）Humans are not the only fashionistas in the animal kingdom. Titmice can be fashion-victims, too, apparently. A study by Sonja Wild and Lucy Aplin shows that, given the chance, titmice decorate their nests with this season’s must-have color.Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin were following up the work published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams, an American naturalist. He noticed that when he put various colored balls of yarn(纱) out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season for incorporation into local birds’ nests. But which particular hue(颜色) was favored varied from season to season. This suggested that the color chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others.Williams’s work was, however, forgotten until Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin came across itwhile following upon a different study. This group noted that, during any given breeding season, the blue titmice they were investigating tended to incorporate the same plants into their nests regardless of how abundant those herbs actually were. This, too, suggested fashion-following—and it likewise led Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin to speculate that birds were studying the nests of others and copying them. They therefore set out to re-run Williams’s experiment.According to the study, of 68 titmice nests built that season in the experimental areas, 26 included wool from a dispenser(分配器). Of these, 18 we reconstructed after both colors had become available from all dispensers. Even so, 10 of that 18 included only the color of wool first chosen by a nestbuilder. By contrast, all eight wool-bearing nests in the control zone contained a mixture of colors-a statistically significant difference.Titmice, then, do seem to be “on trend” when it comes to nest-building materials. Why that should happen remains unclear. Dr Wild and Dr. Aplin suspect the trendsetters are older birds, and that evolution favors younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune throws at a titmouse. Williams’s original work, though, suggested such initial choices were arbitrary(任意的), a bit like those of the leaders of human fashions.17．What proved titmice’s fashion-following in Williams’s study?A．They tended to make their nests colorful.B．They had their favorite color all the year round.C．They decorated their nests in the breeding season.D．They chose the same colored materials for their nests.18．How did Dr Wild and Dr Aplin prove their study?A．By analyzing the shapes of titmice’s nests.B．By recording the sound of titmice carefully.C．By collecting some actual numbers about titmice.D．By observing the course of titmice’s building nests.19．What did older birds’ color choice suggest according to Williams’s work?A．It came mainly from their habit.B．It was based on random choices.C．It was basically out of their nature.D．It reflected the power of elder birds. 20．What is the best title for the text?A．Birds can make their nests colorful.no B．Birds can learn fashionable lifestyles.C．Birds can follow the fashion of humans.D．Birds can be just as fashion-conscious as people.6.（2023·安徽合肥·高三合肥一六八中学校考）Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020.One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers’ concerns about running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA．Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models a run for their money.As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.21．What does the underlined word “hurdle” probably mean in Paragraph 2?A．Obstacle.B．Intention.C．Worry.D．Stage. 22．What will the future of plug-in cars be like?A．They will suffer disbelief because of battery capacity.B．The high price will put the future of electric cars at risk.C．They will not be widely promoted because of picky customers.D．They will compete with petrol and diesel cars fiercely for markets.23．What can we learn about in Paragraph 4?A．The history of electric travel.B．Different ways electric vehicles can be used.C．Reasons why the world needs more electric cars.D．The trend that more people have interest in electric cars.24．What is a suitable title for the text?A．Potentials of Petrol and Diesel Cars B．Challenges Facing Electric CarsC．A Cleaner Future on the Road D．Best Means of Transportation7.（2024·安徽六安·高三六安一中校考阶段练习）Antibiotics, which can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections, are vital to modern medicine. Their ability to kill bacteria without harming the patient has saved billions of lives and made surgical procedures much safer. But after decades of overuse, their powers are fading. Some bacteria have evolved resistance, creating a growing army of superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrobial (抗菌的) resistance, expected to kill 10 million people a year by 2050 up from around 1 million in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.It would be unwise to rely on new antibiotics to solve the problem. The rate at which resistance emerges is increasing. Some new drugs last only two years before bacteria develop resistance. When new antibiotics do arrive, doctors often store them, using them only reluctantly and for short periods when faced with the most persistent infections. That limits sales, making new antibiotics an unappealing idea for most drug firms.Governments have been trying to fix the problem by channeling cash into research in drug firms. That has produced only limited improvements. But there is a phenomenon worth a look. Microbiologists have known for decades that disease-causing bacteria can suffer from illnesses of their own. They are supersensitive to attacks by phages, specialized viruses thatinfect bacteria and often kill them. Phages are considered a promising alternative to antibiotics.Using one disease-causing virus to fight bacteria has several advantages. Like antibiotics, phages only tend to choose particular targets, leaving human cells alone as they infect and destroy bacterial ones. Unlike antibiotics, phages can evolve just as readily as bacteria can, meaning that even if bacteria do develop resistance, phages may be able to evolve around them in turn.That, at least, is the theory. The trouble with phages is that comparatively little is known about them. After the discovery of penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928, they were largely ignored in the West. Given the severity of the antibiotic-resistance problem, it would be a good idea to find out more about them.The first step is to run more clinical trials. Interest from Western firms is growing. But it is being held back by the fact that phages are an even less appealing investment than antibiotics. Since they are natural living things, there may be trouble patenting them, making it hard to recover any investment.Governments can help fund basic research into phage treatment and clarify the law around exactly what is and is not patentable. In time they can set up phage banks so as to make production cheaper. And they can spread awareness of the risks of overusing antibiotics, and the potential benefits of phages.25．We can learn from paragraphs 1 and 2 that .A．doctors tend to use new antibiotics when the patients ask for themB．antimicrobial resistance is developing more rapidly than predictedC．new antibiotics fail to attract drug firms due to limited use of themD．previous antibiotics are effective in solving modern health problems26．What is phages’ advantage over antibiotics?A．They can increase human cells when fighting bacteria.B．They are not particular about which cells to infect and kill.C．They can evolve accordingly when bacteria develop resistance.D．They are too sensitive to be infected by disease-causing bacteria.A．there is little chance of patenting phages in the futureB．governments provide financial support for other researchC．the emergence of superbugs holds back drug firms’ interestD．over-dependence on antibiotics distracts attention from phages28．What is the main idea of the passage?A．Governments fail to stop the use of antibiotics.B．Phages could help prevent an antibiotics crisis.C．Development of antibiotics is limited by phages.D．Antimicrobial resistance calls for new antibiotics.8.（2023·黑龙江·高三牡丹江市第三高级中学校考）Precision (精确) agriculture is a method of growing crops. Farmers use technology to collect very precise or exact measurements about their land. It tells farmers how they planted seeds, used fertilizers and chemical pesticides, and so on. Farm equipment can plant different amounts of seeds and leave different amounts of fertilizer in different parts of a field. Water measuring equipment can tell farmers how much water their plants are getting.But some of this technology is too costly for small farmers, especially in developing countries. Ranveer Chandra, the Microsoft researcher from India, is working to develop low-cost, high-tech tools for farmers. He developed a system that connects soil sensors to other sensing equipment through unused television (TV) channels. These unused TV signals, known as “white space” frequencies (频率), can provide Internet connection over long distances. Some hospitals and schools in rural areas are already online with white-space connections, Chandra noted.Each soil sensor provides information about conditions on the farm. To connect all the areas into a big picture, a drone aircraft takes photographs from high in the air. Artificial intelligence (AI) compares these photos to the sensor data. AI then can create maps of where the soil is too acidic or needs more water. Similar technology can also help farmers watch their animals. Video cameras connected to computers and linked to the Internet can help farmers recognize sick cattle, for example.However, the level and speed at which new farming skills and technologies will spread remains unclear. Bruce Erickson is a precision farming expert at Purdue University in Indiana. He told the CSA the one problem faced by any new farming technology is getting people to use it with their existing methods. Different countries have different farming methods and different ways of doing business. “It takes people to carry out new farming practices,”Erickson said.29．How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?A．By following the order of space.B．By giving specific examples.C．By making comparisons.D．By listing data.30．What did Ranveer Chandra research?A．How to design AI for making maps.B．How to profit from the used TV signals.C．How to develop a drone aircraft for farming.D．How to lower the cost of farming technology.31．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The future of artificial intelligence.B．The process of using white-space connections.C．The practical application in precision agriculture.D．The achievement in designing high-tech farming tools.32．What can we infer about the future of precision agriculture from the last paragraph?A．It needs time to be readily accepted by modern farmers.B．It depends on the development of new farming technology.C．It will revolutionize the traditional farming.D．It has to gain support from agricultural experts.9.（2024上·贵州贵阳·高三贵阳一中校考）Officials of Detroit, Michigan, have equipped apiece of road with new technology designed to charge electric vehicles (EVs) on the path. The roadway is meant to serve as a demonstration project for the technology, which could be expanded to larger road systems.The system uses a series of copper wires placed underneath the road. These wires have the ability to send electricity through a magnetic field to charge an EV’s battery. Charging can happen while the car is driving or sitting above the equipment. Elect re on says the electric road system is safe for people and animals walking over it and does not harm drivers.The technology was created by Electreon, a developer of wireless charging solutions for EVs. Stefan Tongur, Electreon’s vice president of business development, told The Associated Press EVs require special equipment to receive the wireless signal. “The technology is smart,” Tongur said, and “knows who you are...”The electrified road stretches about one half-kilometer. It will be used to test and improve the technology in preparation for wider releases. Tongur said the project aims to “demonstrate how wireless charging unlocks widespread EV adoption, addressing limited range, grid (电网) limitations, and battery size and costs.” He looks forward to a future in which, in his words, “EVs are the norm, not the exception.”Michigan’s Department of Transportation (DOT) signed a five-year agreement with Electreon to develop the roadway charging system. Offcial shave said they plan to build another electrified stretch of road in another part of the city. Michigan transportation officials say the wireless-charging roadway project has helped position the state and city of Detroit as national leaders in EV technology. “In Michigan, we want to stay ahead of the curve,” Michigan DOT Director Bradley C．Wieferich told the AP.33．What is the new technology intended to do?A．Provide power for EVs.B．Demonstrate a project.C．Expand road systems.D．Improve EVs’ batteries.34．What can we learn about the electric road system?A．People and animals may get an electric shock near it.B．EVs are charged through contact with its copper wires.C．It charges EVs only if they stay still on the equipment.D．A special device is needed to pick up its wireless signals.35．Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “stay ahead of the curve”?A．Develop more smoothly.B．Make progress in the industry.C．Take the lead in the field.D．Achieve a goal ahead of time. 36．What is Bradley’s attitude towards the project?A．Skeptical.B．Tolerant.C．Favorable.D．Objective.10.（2023·贵州黔东南·高三统考阶段练习）Textspeak is an informal term for the abbreviated (缩写的) language used in text messaging and other forms of electronic communication. In the digital age, it’s common to hear how textspeak is ruining language. Some people argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and write.Of course, language does change when it’s used digitally. Textspeak is an evolution of language. It’s even the focus of a field of linguistics (语言学) called CMC, which is。

第一节(共15题：每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A What’s On?Electric Underground7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing y ou an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a come dian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.21. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.22. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops Theatre.B. Kaleidoscope.C. Victoria Stage.D. Pizza World.23. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?A. It requires membership status.B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club.D. It is held every Wednesday.24. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm.B. 7.30pm-1.00am.C. 8.00pm-11.00pm.D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.BFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today ― and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really ― at night, when you’re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”25. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________?A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingC. raise the students’ i nterest in artD. teach the students about toy design26. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.27. What does the underline d word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.28. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways of thinking.CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.Bo okCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundredthirty-five countries.29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.31. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.32. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People through BooksDA new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding ― undoubtedly first-rate photo-jo urnalism ― if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of An tarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.33. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A. They were made last week.B. They showed undersea sceneries.C. They were found by a cameraman.D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.34. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A. Frank Hurley.B. Ernest Shackleton.C. Robert Falcon Scott.D. Caroline Alexander.35. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A. Artistic creation.B. Scientific research.C. Money making.D. Treasure hunting.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）A garden that’s just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.●37Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.●Recall(回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 39 ― how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. It’s our experience of the garden that mattersD. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have第三节词汇句型积累1. 请写出给你造成阅读障碍的单词、短语并注明汉语意思（5个）2）请写出让你感兴趣的短语和句子，并用英语简单解释原因该篇文章的文体是什么？你当时是怎么想的？答案：A---. ABDC B--- 25. ADBA C--- BACD D – DCC E---FAECG。

高中英语素养阅读限时练习（高二上8）（附答案详细解析）（建议用时：40分钟）The London Marathon is an annual event and of the thousands of runners who take part. Why are they running the 26.2 mile (42.2km) course around London?This year, the pressure was on for many of the top athletes in the elite race(精英赛). With the Beijing Olympics just around the corner, they wanted to ensure their places as Olympic marathon hopefuls for their countries. If they perform well in the marathon, they have a very good chance of being in the Olympic marathon event and doing well in it.The men's race was won by Martin Lel, who finished the race in just two hours and five minutes, a personal best time for him. Irina Mikitenko was the winner of the women's race and this was astonishingly only her second race at marathon distance! There was also a group of 24 runners who have competed in every single one of the 28 London marathons. Jeff Aston is one of them and at 60 years old, he finished in just over three and a half hours.A lot of the non-competitive runners take part in the marathon to raise money for charity. Jeff estimates he has raised about £25,000(350,000RMB) over the 28 years when he has been running. Jane Tomlinson is a well-known name in the UK. She raised millions of dollars for charity by doing long cycle rides, marathons and triathlons(三项全能运动) while struggling against cancer, a battle she sadly lost last year. Another astonishing feat(壮举) was blind runner Dave Heeley completing the marathon. As if that wasn't enough, this was his seventh marathon in seven days, as he took part in a special challenge which took him to seven countries.1. The underlined words “hopefuls” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ________ ”.A. athletes good at sportsB. professional athletesC. players hoping to be successful in sports, especially runningD. players competing in sports competitions, especially running2. We can know from the 3rd passage that ________ .A. Irina Mikitenko has never run a marathon beforeB. Jeff Aston didn’t finish the race until 60 years oldC. There were 24 runners for the race togetherD. Martin Lel ran his fastest marathon ever3. The purpose of all the runners who take part in the marathon is to ________ .A. ensure their placesB. differ from each otherC. be in the Olympic marathon eventD. to raise money for charity4. Which of the following is TRUE from the text?A. Dave has run 7 marathons within one week.B. The London marathon takes place twice a year.C. Jane is famous for raising millions for charity.D. Jane died while doing long cycle rides.I have always thought of myself as a doer. In work, I definitely was and continue to be. As a mom, I’m mostly a doer. However, my 1______ for breast cancer made me 2______ I had not been a doer in the way I wanted to be but that was about to 3______.Since I became a 4______ and reported many plane crashes, I have been 5______ of flying. My family had 6______ been to another continent together. Now that the chemo (化疗) 7______, as a gift to myself, my kids and my mom, I took them all to London to 8______ life before beginning radiation every weekday for six weeks.This time I made a 9______ not to think too much about it. When you look in the mirror without hair, you do your best to 10______ your day as if it were a day 11______ you discovered your lump (肿瘤). Then everything seems doable. 12______ I just booked the trip. In London, every day I 13______ a different adventure, from which my family and I learned much and 14______ ourselves.I had wanted to take a 15______ like this for years, but life and work had gotten in the way. Now, 16______ life and work, we had finally done 17______. I have thoroughly enjoyed family learning 18______ living, but nothing is better than knowing that my kids feel 19______ for the trip. One day, perhaps they’ll realize that sometimes, the best 20______ come(s) after surviving your greatest fears.1. A. concern B. reason C. treatment D. anxiety2. A. realize B. imagine C. ignore D. doubt3. A. continue B. change C. happen D. arise4. A. pilot B. doctor C. tourist D. journalist5. A. tired B. fond C. proud D. afraid6. A. frequently B. never C. already D. just7. A. failed B. delayed C. ended D. approached8. A. save B. create C. improve D. celebrate9. A. decision B. wish C. judgement D. conclusion10. A. get rid of B. get through C. look back on D. look for11. A. before B. after C. until D. when12. A. But B. Otherwise C. So D. Even13. A. expected B. planned C. described D. experienced14. A. taught B. enjoyed C. introduced D. trained15. A. trip B. rest C. risk D. lesson16. A. in terms of B. owing to C. in addition to D. regardless of17. A. it B. them C. everything D. something18. A. for B. with C. by D. beyond19. A. eager B. grateful C. ready D. sorry20. A. work B. love C. adventures D. chancesIII 语法填空（2019/10/3已经更换成另外一篇）I was returning to my home and stuck in the traffic. Among the busy 1______ (vehicle) was an ambulance, whose driver was trying 2______ (get) out of traffic jams and the patient was fighting with his illness. Some people were giving space to the ambulance but others were not, 3______ shows that there are good people in the world and there are 4______ (self) people as well. If the ambulance could not find the way, the patient had to risk 5______ (lose) his life on the way.Each life on the earth is important, whether it is a human being or an animal. What will be the difference if we think 6______ (much) of others than of ourselves? Maybe it is only for 15 minutes every day, then many mistakes can 7______ (avoid). When people notice our kindness, they will return it one day. So learn to show our kindness. Trust me, I have tried and 8______ works wonder honestly.The true value of life is not in what we get 9______ what we give. If we can give more than receive, we’ll 10______ (strength) the harmony among people and live in a better world.高中英语素养阅读限时练习（高二上8）（附答案详细解析）I【阅读理解答案与解析】【词汇积累Accumulation】1.ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r) / vt. (=make sue/gurantee) 确保，保证，担保2.astonishingly/əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ li/ adv. (=surprisingly)令人惊讶地，惊人地3.estimate /ˈestɪmət , ˈestɪmeɪt / vt. (= to calculate approximately; assess; evaluate) 估计，估价；评价【长难句分析分析】She raised millions of dollars for charity by doing long cycle rides, marathons and triathlons(三项全能运动) while struggling against cancer, a battle she sadly lost last year. 她通过参加长途骑车、马拉松比赛、三项全能比赛的方式为慈善机构募捐了几百万美元，在此期间她一直为抗击癌症做斗争，她去年难过地输给了这场抗击癌症的大会战。

2017年高考英语阅读题第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AAttending college can be expensive, and applying to college can be costly as well. With today’s college application fees averaging around $ 80, you can expect to spend hundreds of dollars on college before you are even accepted into a school. One of the easiest ways to save money on college application fees before you begin applying is to narrow down your list of schools. To save money, try to limit the schools to which you apply to about 2- reach schools and 2- safety schools. At some schools, being a relative of a graduate can secure you a free application. If you are applying to a school where one of your parents or grandparents is a forme r graduate, check to see if you’re qualified for it.Research the preferred method of applying for each school on your list. Some schools offer free online applications, yet charge a fee for paper submissions. This is because online applications save schools the cost of employing a staff member to physically enter the application information.Several states, such as Michigan and North Carolina, take part in College Application Week, where many schools in the participating states cancel their application fee for the week. Be sure to contact the schools to I j which you are applying to see if they participate in College Application Week and when the program takes place in that state.Apply for early admission. If you have already decided on which college is your top choice, consider applying under an Early Action or Early Decision admission program. If you are accepted, you won’t have to submit application fees to other schools.For more information regarding college applications and the fees associated with them, contact your high I school advisor or the admissions department at your school(s) of interest.21. The passage is mainly written to______.A. introduce famous universities in the United StalesB. show some practical ways to apply an ideal collegeC. advertise for successful applications and advisorsD. offer tips to save money on college application fees22. What does the author advise to do in the second paragraph?A. Write down your favorite universities.B. Reduce the number of your university choices.C. Apply to two universities each time.D. Mind your safety when applying to college.23. Some schools offer free online application to______,A. receive fees faster than beforeB. employ someone else to workC. cut down the cost of employmentD. enter the application information24. It can be known from the passage that______,A. application fee might be canceled conditionallyB. many countries attend College Application WeekC. applying for early admission is the best policyD. admission departments determine your futureBEvery year, some 6.9 million children under the age of five die from diseases like malaria, pneumonia and HIV. The untold story of child survival is that the global community now has the combined knowledge, technical know-how and affordable tools to end such child deaths. Evidence shows that it is possible to decrease under-five death rates in developing countries to levels approaching those in wealthier countries.That is why 4 years ago — June, 2012 — the US, Ethiopia and India joined the United Nations Children’s Fund (or UNICEF) to launch Child Survival Call to Action, a global effort to save children’s lives. The goal was to lower child death rates in the hardest-hit countries to 20 deaths per 1,000 live births by the year 2035.Zambia started a plan focused on nutrition and immunization (免疫) that will save more than 26,000 children each year. Congo is distributing pre-packaged supplies to prevent and treat the most common killers. They hope to save the lives of half a million children by 2017. Similar efforts are taking place in Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Yemen, and elsewhere.Child Survival partner companies are also developing life-saving vaccines (疫苗) and treatment for diarrhea. Private enterprisers and medical professionals are training and equipping health workers in 54 countries with life-saving tools. Still others are developing and delivering safe water treatment and storage products.“This high-level forum inspired a global movement — Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed,” wrote UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake. “Four years passing, it continues to build and, today, 174 countries and over 400 civil society and faith-based organizations have taken up the charge in their own commitments. While we still have a long way to go, the first 4 years have seen impressive gains.”25. The underlined word “those” in Paragraph 1 refers to______.A. 6. 9 million under-five childrenB. affordable tools to end child deathC. deaths in the developing countriesD. death rates of children under five26. Child Survival Call To Action was founded to______.A. improve the living conditions for poor childrenB. decrease under-five death rates in some countriesC. raise some money to save children’s livesD. save children in the poorest countries27. What can be inferred from the passage?A. All diseases can be prevented or treated.B. Governments and partners joined the initial effort.C. Nutrition holds the key to lower the death rates.D. Only governments made their best to reduce the deaths.28. How does Anthony Lake feel towards Child Survival Call to Action?A. Time-consuming.B. Wasteful.C. Positive.D. Cold.CHow you feel and react to your environment on a day-to-day basis can be measured by your behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Your personality gives you away!There are four fundamental characteristics of personality. First, it is constant and people tend to behave in the same way when they meet similar situations. Second, personality not only influences actions, but it also actually causes people to behave in specific ways. Third, personality is influenced by both psychological and biological factors. Finally, personality is expressed not only in behaviors, but through emotions, thoughts, social behavior, and close relationships.How the world distinguishes you is a direct reflection of and reaction to how you present yourself to them. Race, age, and sex are qualities you have no control over, but certainly contribute to your personality because of how the world senses you based on them. A person who continuously experiences racial discrimination may guard himself against it by at first seeming cold and unfriendly. But once he opens up, you may discover someone completely different inside. Physical ones, which you develop over time, also contribute to your personality, and include walking pace, eye contact, and facial expressions. How you want the world to see you influences how you present yourself to others. Characteristics such as altitude, response and general mindset create the surface of your one-of-a-kind personality.If you’re like many people, the aspects of your personality you choose to show might depend on the people you meet. For instance, the personality you exhibit around your boss is probably a lot different from the personality you show to your closest friends. All of these elements make up the “you” that only you truly know. And only you can decide when toshare these parts of your personality with other colleagues.29.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Some aspects of personality.B.Ways to develop personality.C.What contributes to personality.D.Why personality is important.30.It can be known from Paragraph2that______.A.one’s personality is merely determined by birthB.personality consists of behavior,thoughts and relationshipsC.personality has nothing to do with one’s career lifeD.the environment and the situation influence one’s personality31.The intended readers for the passage are probably______.A.receptionistsB.studentsC.office clerksD.police officersDFor many. Daylight Saving Time (DST: 夏令时) simply means remembering to change the clocks and twisting your sleep schedule. “Even though the time change is only an hour, it is something that causes much more destruction than people believe,” said Dr. John Sharp, a psychologist and psychiatrist at Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.“It’s not just an extra hour of sleep; it’s more of a fast-forward into winter.” With days getting darker earlier, Sharp suggests making a to-do list for activities after work ahead of time.“Any plans you have, say, going to the gym after work, require much more effort and determination. It’s much better to plan more carefully and not just rely on how you feel, especially when it is dark out,” he said. “Figure it out in advance and stick with the plan.”In addition. Sharp says in the weeks after Daylight Saving, some may feel like they have a bigger appetite. “Eating more during this time is not the answer. People need to stay on an eating schedule and keep up healthy habits. ”However, Sharp said there are ways to better acclimate yourself to the time change. If you are having trouble sleeping, he suggests taking some melatonin (退黑激) in the evening. In contrast, if you find yourself feeling sleepy. Sharp said there is nothing wrong with adding an extra caffeinated drink during your day. A word to the wise? One sure way to better adjust to the time change is to start going to bed 15 minutes earlier starting four days before Daylight Saving, adding an additional 15 minutes each night.32.Which is probably the best title for the passage?A.Are you prepared for DST?B.Why DST was introduced?C.What DST has brought to life?D.How DST has been popular?33.What does John Sharp suggest in Paragraph2?A.Getting up earlier than before.B.Sticking to the daily routine.C.Being aware of quality sleep.D.Getting well-prepared for DST.34.The underlined word“acclimate”in Paragraph4can be replaced by__ ____.A.adoptB.accelerateC.adaptD.acknowledge35.The passage is probably taken from______.A.a scientific reportB.an interviewC.a speechD.a statement第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

课时46Ⅱ卷规范练(八)第Ⅱ卷第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Make your home a safer placeYou probably think that your home is the one place where you are safe. That's what I thought until last week. Now I know our flat is full of accidents waiting 1.________ (happen). Next month we'll look 2.________ my niece and nephew while their parents go away for 3.________ short break. We will ask them to come and make sure that everything is 4.________ (total) OK. All of us will get a few 5.________ (surprise)．We start in the spare bedroom, in 6.________ the children will sleep. Everybody knows you shouldn't put children's beds under a window in case a child 7.________ (try) to climb out. Next is the bathroom. We keep our medicines on a shelf above the washbasi n. Never leave medicines where children can find 8.________ (they). They might think they are sweets. Finally, the kitche n. This is the most 9.________ (danger) room in the house. Knives should 10.________ (keep)in drawers children can't reach, and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards. So we have three weeks to make our house safe. It's not difficult... once you know how to do.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何让家更安全。

专题10—任务型阅读1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

Population ChangeWhy is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figu re is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population zxxk decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest inpoorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work forc e could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030. Moreover, the USA has a t rack record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.71. 【答案】lower【解析】根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。