上海大学822基础英语2018年考研专业课大纲

全国各高校开设了经济学专业的都有哪些学校呢？为帮忙学员复习备考经济学专业课，人人考研网特整理汇总全国各高校开设经济学专业课列表。

人人考研网强大的师资阵容、科学的课程设计以及实惠的定价模式，是您经济学专业课复习不二之选！
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2018年在职研究生考试英语二考试大纲与题型和分值(非英语专业)(2017 年版)I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500 个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180 分钟。

满分为100 分。

2018年新闻与传播考研学校排名随着技术手段的不断更新，网络媒体处在“盛行期”，具有巨大的发展潜力。

正因如此，网络媒体行业急需大批通晓媒体和网络知识、富有创造力的人才来开拓市场，在远未饱和的市场上抢滩登陆，打造未来数字时代的“传媒航母”。

这也带起了新闻与传播、新闻传播学研究生的报考热潮。

本文勤思考研网为大家整理出了开设新闻与传播、新闻传播学的各院校的排名、分数线、报录比、考试科目等内容。

如果你还没有决定报考哪所学校，希望在对比院校的以上各项因素后，能够确定报考的范围。

加入新闻与传播考研群，了解各大院校研究生考试初试复试的小秘密1464-37967【学科门类：05 文学；一级学科：0503 新闻传播学；专业名称：050300新闻传播学】【学科门类：05 文学；一级学科：0552新闻与传播；专业名称：055200新闻与传播】一、2018年新闻与传播院校排名以下是新闻传播学和新闻与传播硕士的院校排名，考生在择校时可以作为参考1、学硕排序学校名称得分星级学校数5★981 中国传媒大学100.0002 中国人民大学79.412 5★983 武汉大学59.973 5★984 复旦大学54.749 5★985 四川大学49.150 5★986 浙江大学47.730 4★987 暨南大学47.678 4★988 南京师范大学44.821 4★989 华中科技大学40.750 4★9810 北京大学39.510 4★9811 厦门大学38.118 4★9812 清华大学36.903 4★9813 上海大学36.741 4★9814 安徽大学34.961 4★9815 山东大学34.686 4★9816 河北大学32.611 4★9817 湖南大学32.172 4★9818 南京大学31.177 4★9819 华东师范大学31.131 4★9820 西南政法大学30.820 4★98 2、专硕排序学校名称得分星级学校数1 中国人民大学5★50100.0002 武汉大学96.273 5★503 中国传媒大学94.143 4★504 南京师范大学74.187 4★505 暨南大学73.857 4★506 四川大学68.546 4★507 浙江大学56.113 4★508 复旦大学54.778 4★509 北京大学53.024 4★5010 清华大学49.552 4★50注：以上数据来自中国科教评价网二、新闻与传播分数线【勤思考研网整理】分数线很大程度上反应了备考难度，是择校时必须考虑的因素。

研究生基础综合英语（邱东林版）课文中英对照加课后习题答案Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。

这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。

Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。

中南财经政法大学2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生参考书目（含初试与复试）2009-10-25 18:15:02 中南财经政法大学考研共济网点击浏览：2039次·[考研一站式]中南财经政法大学硕士招生相关文章索引·[考研一站式]中南财经政法大学硕士专业课试题、[订购]考研参考书、专业目录241 二外法语112室1、《大学法语简明教程》，薛建成主编，外语教学与研究出版社，1995年版。

课242 二外日语2000921、中日交流《标准日本语》初级（上、下册），人民教育出版社，2006年版。

济243 二外德语正门对面1、《大学德语》（修订本）1、2册，张书良总主编,高等教育出版社，2001年版。

正门601 政治学原理同济1、《政治学基础》，王浦劬著，北京大学出版社，2006年版。

共602 马克思主义基本原理专1、《马克思主义基本原理概论》，高等教育出版社，2008年版。

同济大学四平路2、《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》，高等教育出版社，2009年修订版。

课603 马克思主义哲学原理kaoyangj1、《马克思主义哲学原理》，肖前、黄楠森、陈晏清主编，中国人民大学出版社第二版。

336 260382、《辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义》第五版，李秀林主编，中国人民大学出版社，2004年版。

共604 社会学原理336 260381、《普通社会学理论新编》，庞树奇等主编，上海大学出版社，2005年版。

共济网2、《西方社会思想史》，于海著，复旦大学出版社，2007年版。

共605 法学基础共济1、《法学通论》（法学理论、宪法学部分），吴汉东主编，北京大学出版社，2007年修订版（或以后各版本）。

336260 37606 基础英语共济网1、新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材《综合教程》(1、2、3、4)，何兆熊主编，上海外语音像出版社，2005年版。

网络督察2、《高级英语》（修订本1、2），张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社，1995年版。

江西师范大学 2018 年全日制硕士研究生入学考试试题（ A 卷）专业：学科教学（英语）科目：英语综合注：考生答题时，请写在考点下发的答题纸上，写在本试题纸或其他答题纸上的一律无效。

（本试题共11 页）I Grammar and Vocabulary (20×1’)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence on ANSWER SHEET.1.It is very hard to him to give up smoking and drinking alcohol.A．endeavor B. refresh C. assert D. induce2.The man that his car was the fastest in the world and nobody could compete with him in the race.A.reproachedB. braggedC. inferredD. converted3.The space capsule is with all the materials necessary for a ten-day flight.A.preservedB. probedC. furnishedD. profiled4.The modern child finds it difficult to of a time when there was no radio or TV.A. concealB. conceiveC. consoleD. fancy5.The woman standing in the doorway the sleeping baby in her arms.A. claspingB. soothingC. rollingD. quenching6.Ninety percent of the inhabitants are in productive work of some kind.A. engagedB. involvedC. concernedD. related7.To get my travelers’ cheques I had to a special cheque to the bank for the total amount.A. make forB. make offC. make outD. make over8.The information is not given in Chapter one or Chapter five; it must be one of thechapter.A. interveningB. interferingC. integralD. interacting9.All foreign merchants were made to put heavy on the goods they sold and bought.A.feesB. pricesC. revenuesD. duties10.The broad aim of the meeting was that experts working in the same technical area should meet to exchange .A. experimentB. expositionC. expertiseD. emotion11.The landscape will have a(n) change after a rainstorm in the desert.A. mysteriousB. incisiveC. ambiguousD. abrupt12.Mary has bought a carpet, which she will send to her mother as a birthday present.A. Chinese beautiful greenB. beautiful green ChineseC. green beautiful ChineseD. Chinese green beautiful13.A person’s calorie requirements vary his life.A. acrossB. throughoutC. overD. within14.It seems oil from his pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking15., but it also filters out harmful sun rays.A.The atmosphere gives us air to breatheB.Not only the atmosphere gives us air to breatheC.Not only does the atmosphere give us air to breatheD.The atmosphere which gives us air to breathe16.If you are a , determined person you stand a better chance of surviving in difficult circumstances.A. respectfulB. reflectiveC. resoluteD. resourceful17.She nurtured dreams of opening ceremony night, being onstage in a mink coat to share a bow of her successful husband.A. purgedB. strodeC. ponderedD. coaxed18.The club members voted to the ban on smoking.A. repealB. repelC. refrainD. reside19.With price so much, it’s hard to plan a budget.A. fluctuatingB. tiltingC. tumblingD. flapping20.I don’t know if the story is true, but I’ll try to it.A. reinforceB. verifyC. identifyD. conformII Cloze text (20×1’)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEETResearchers have found more evidence that hostility can 21 to heart disease, according to a report in the current issue of the journal Psychosomatic Medicine. They found that hostility may be linked to the metabolic 22 , a set of risk factors23 with heart disease, including obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance. Isulin resistance occurs when the body become less 24 to the hormone insulin, and may be a precursor of diabetes. “It has not really been clear how hostility plays itself out in terms of physiological risk,” said Dr Raymond Niaura. “We’re seeing how all these things 25 for the first time.”The researchers studied over 1,000 men aged 44 to 92 who 26 in the Normative Aging Study between 1987 and 1991. When 27 on the Cook-Hedley Hostility Scale, the participants 28 higher hostility scores were also more likely to be overweight, have abdominal and upper body obesity, and have insulin resistance all risk factors for heart d isease.“I’m not sure you could say that if you scored a certain number on the hostility 29 , you’d be two or three times more likely to 30 heart disease,” said Niaura.“Finally,we’ll look at how it all plays out in 31 of disease.” Since 98%of the initial 32 were older white men, the researchers suggest that it is not known 33 its findings are applicable to women, young men or men of different races. “If people have the metabolic risk factors, they really need to see their doctor,”34 Niaura.Their study also found more evidence that men 35 fewer years of education were more 36 to be hostile. The finding suggests “that hostility may be part of the cognitive/ emotional / behavioral response to the 37 stress of low socioeconomic 38 ”, said Niaura in a statement. More research is needed to take socioeconomic factors into 39 , and to look for the biological connection40 hostility, obesity and heart risk, he said.21.A. contribute B. lead C. attribute D. link22.A. disorder B. condition C. epidemic D. syndrome23.A. coincided B. connected C. related D. associated24.A. reactionary B. responsive C. conducive D. acute25.A. behave B. function C. interconnect D. involved26.A. participated B. entered C. displayed D. enforeced27.A. measuring B. measured C. counting D. counted28.A. had B. possessed C. with D. on29.A. balance B. scale C. hierarchy D. rank30.A form B. infect C. contact D. develop31.A. relations B. terms C. place D. behalf32.A. sample B. subject C. group D. team33.A. that B. how C. why D. if34.A. advised B. argued C. declared D. proclaimed35.A. had B. for C. with D. who36.A. likely B. likeable C. lovable D. liable37.A. pervasive B. chronic C. persuasive D. prevalent38.A. state B. class C. status D. classification39.A. considerations B. concern C. thoughts D. account40.A. with B. to C. between D. amongIII Reading （20×2’）TEXT AScientists say they may have solved a far-out mystery: how Uranus and Neptune came to exist at the very edges of the solar system. A new study says the two icy planets may have been born much closer to the sun than previously thought, and ended up in their current orbits after gravitational forces from Jupiter violently hurled them away. That would explain how the two planetary giants--- each more than 10 times the mass of the Earth--- could exist at the far edge of the solar system, where there was not enough gas and dust to make a planet eons ago.The study is based on computer simulations conducted by Martin Duncan ofQueen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, and colleagues. It was published in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature. All of the planets in the solar system are believed to have evolved through the accumulation of a large number of small bodies that circulated in a huge disk around the sun. The researchers theorize that Uranus and Neptune formed their cores near the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn, within a ring of about 5 to 10 astronomical units from the sun. One astronomical unit equals the distance from the sun to the Earth. (Earth, however, is thought to have formed much later than the big planets.Previous estimates of 10 to 20 AU have been given for the birthplaces of Uranus and Neptune, which now orbit at 19 and 30 AU, respectively. Duncan said Jupiter grew fastest because it was closest to the sun, where the planet-forming disk was the most dense, and then exerted gravitational forces on its smaller planetary siblings. Saturn may have helped eject Uranus and Neptune.Renu Malhotra, a scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, said the study does not explain why Uranus and Neptune did not accumulate gas like Jupiter and Saturn, since the four planets formed at roughly the same time and in roughly the same place.Malhotra said the evidence shows that Uranus and Neptune were formed perhaps 30% closer to the sun than their present locations--- but not as close as Duncan proposes. The planets then may have gently migrated out to their current locations, she said. He also said that gravity and friction from gas that surrounded Uranus and Neptune could have prevented them from being hurled out. Alan Boss, an astrophysicist at the Caregie Institution in Washington, said more research is needed on Duncan’s theory. “It’s a radical idea.” He said, “but since we’re in a stalemate on Neptune and Uranus, maybe we need a radical idea.”41.Which of the following is NOT true?A.Uranus and Neptune may have been born close to the sun.B.Uranus and Neptune may have been hurled away by Jupiter.C.Both Uranus and Neptune are larger than the earth.D.There was not enough gas and dust to make a giant planet at the far end of the solar system.42.Duncan’s study indicates .A.that all the planets evolve from many small bodies around the sunB.that Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar systemC.that Uranus and Neptune may have been born closer to the sun.D.why Uranus and Jeptune did not accumulate gas43.Malhotra’s view differs from that of Duncan’s in that .A.she argues Uranus and Neptune have greatly migrated to their present locationsB.she thinks Uranus and Neptune were 70% further away from the sunC.She believes Uranus and Jeptune were 10 to 20 AU around the sunD.She proposes Uranus and Neptune were 30% closer to the sun44.According to the passage, the reason why Uranus and Neptune were not hurled far out as a result of .A. gravityB. frictionC. gasD. sun45.The author’s attitude toward the proposed solutions to the mystery is .A. radicalB. impartialC. uncertainD. funnyTEXT BPublic relations is management function that creates, develops, and carries out policies and programs to influence public opinion or reaction about an idea, a product or an organization. The field of public relations has become an important part of the economic, social and political pattern of life in many nations. That field includes advertising, promotional activities, and press contact. Public relations also exists at the same time in business with marketing and merchandising to create the climate in which all selling functions occur.Public relations activities in the modern world help institutions to cope successfully with many problems, to build prestige for an individual or a group, to promote products, and to win elections. The majority of public relations workers are staff employers working within a corporate or institutional framework. Other operate in public relations counseling firms.In industry, public relations personnel keep management informed of changes in the opinions of various publics (that is, the groups of people whose support is needed): employee, stockholders, customers and so on. These professionals counsel management as to the impact of any action---- or lack of action on the behavior of the target audiences. Once an organizational decision has been made, the public relations person has the task of communicating this information to the public using methods that promote understanding, consent, and desired behavior. For example, a hospital merger, an industrial plant closing, or the introduction of a new product all require public relations planning and skill.Public relations activities are a major part of the political process in many nations. Politicians seeking office, government agencies seeking acceptance and cooperation, officials seeking support of their policies, and foreign governments seeking aid and allies abroad all make extensive use of counseling services provided by public relations specialists.Public relations also plays an important role in the entertainment industry. The theater, motion pictures, sports, restaurants, and individuals all use public relations services to increase their business or add to their image. Other public relations clients are educational, social service, and charitable institutions, trade unions, religious groups, and professional societies.The successful public relations practitioner is a specialist in communication arts and persuasion. Specialized skills are required to handle opinion research, media relations, direct mail activities, institutional advertising, publications, film and video production, and special events. Public relations services are so far virtually unused in many developing nations, but they are likely to be a future government concern.46.The first paragraph focuses on .A. the definitions of public relationsB. the procedures of public relationsC. the classification of public relationsD. the increasing role of public relations47.Which of the following is true about public relations personnel in industry?A.They spend considerable time conducting opinion rolls.B.They offer advice to management in decision making.C.They are employed to serve the interests of management.D.They seem primarily concerned with building prestige for companies.48.Which of the following might have little to do with public relations?A. ClimateB. ChurchC. CorporationD. sports49.Which of the following is not correct about public relations operations?A.Quite a number of them are operated by self-employed individuals.B.The work involved is often complicated and challenging.C.They are developing rapidly in nearly every country.D.The practitioners are often artists and good at persuasion.50.Which can NOT be inferred from the passage?A.Movie stars may use public relations activities to build up their image.B.Eager politicians often resort to public relations for personal advancement.C.Public relations sometimes extend beyond the boundaries of a nation.D.Public relations is a promising subject to study in developing nationsTEXT CYears of watching and comparing bright children and those not bright, or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, embrace it, unite himself with it. There is no wall, no barrier between him and life. The dull child is far less curious, far less interested in what goes on and what is real, more inclined to live in worlds of fantasy. The bright child likes to experiment, to try things out. He lives by the maxim that there is more than one way to skin a cat. If he can’t do something one way, he’ll try another. The dull child is usually afraid to try at all. It takes a good deal of urging to get him to try even once; if that try fails he is through.The bright child is patient. He can tolerate uncertainty and failure, and will keep trying until he gets an answer. When all his experiments fail, he can even admit to himself and others that for the time being he is not going to get an answer. This may annoy him, but he can wait. Very often, he does not want to be told how to do the problem or solve the puzzle he has struggled with, because he does not want to be cheated out of the chance to figure it out for himself in the future. Not so the dull child. He cannot stand uncertainty or failure. To him, an unanswered question is not a challenge or an opportunity, but a threat. If he can’t find the answer quickly, it must be given to him, and quickly; and he must have answers for everything. Such are the children of whom a second grade teacher once said, “but my children like to have questions for which there is only one answer.” They did; and by a mysterious coincidence, so did she.The bright child is willing to go ahead on the basis of incomplete understanding and information. He will take risks, sail uncharted seas, explore when the landscape is dim, the land marks few, the light poor. To give only one example, he will often readbooks he does not understand in the hope that after a while enough understanding will emerge to make it worthwhile to go on. In this spirit some of my fifth graders tried to read Moby Dick. But the dull child will go ahead only when he thinks he knows exactly where he stands and exactly what is ahead of him. If he does not feel he knows exactly what an experience will be like, and if it will not be exactly like other experience he already knows, he wants no part of it. For while the bright child feels that the universe is on the whole a sensible, reasonable, and trustworthy place, the dull child feels that it is senseless, unpredictable, and treacherous. He feels that he can never tell what may happen, particularly in a new situation, except that it will probably be bad.51.If the dull child fails in the first attempt, he will .A try again B. be encouraged to go onC. get advice from othersD. lose confidence52.What does the rod “maxim” in the first paragraph most probably mean?A. ExampleB. PrincipleC. ToleranceD. Understanding53.Why does the bright child refuse to get help from others even when he fails?A.Because he is confident of his own ability.B.Because he looks down upon other people.C.Because he wants to have another chance to try by himself.D.Because he is willing to have difficulties all his life.54.According to the author, the reason why some fifth grade students want to read “Moby Dick” is probably that .A.they enjoy reading a difficult book and understanding it bit by bitB.they think the book is well-written and worth readingC.they want to show off their ability to their teachersD.they are fond of taking risks and trying everything by themselves55.It is implied but not stated in the text that .A.when the dull child doesn’t know what will happen, he is sure that the situation will be a bad one.B.some teachers like to provide answers to their students, thus the students will always depend on their teachers for help.C.the dull child is afraid of difficulties and does not want to try anything unpredictable or challenging.D.the bright child is always confident of himself and enjoys finding answers to difficult questions.TEXD DFor parents who send their kids off to college saying, “These will be the best years of your life,” it would be very appropriate to add, “If you can handle the stress of college life.” Freshmen are showing up already stressed out, according to the latest research study that reported students’ emotional health levels at their lowest since the survey started in 1985. While in school, more students are working part-time and near-full-time jobs. At graduation, only 29 percent of seniors have jobs lined up.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress. Let me show five facts that I believe every college student should know about stress.First, stress can make smart people do stupid things. Stress causes what brain researchers call “cortical inhibition.” In simple terms, stress inhibits a part of the brain responsible for decision-making and reaction time and can adversely affect other mental abilities as well.Second, the human body doesn’t discriminate between a big stressful event and a little one. Any stressful experience will create about 1,400 biochemical events in your body. If any amount of stress is left unchecked, many things can occur within the body, including premature aging, impaired cognitive function and energy drain.Third, stress can become your new pattern. When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this as your normal state. This then becomes the new norm, or baseline for your emotional state.Fourth, stress can be controlled. Countless studies demonstrate that people can restructure their emotional state using emotion-refocusing techniques. These techniques help you recognize how you are feeling and shift to a more positive emotional, mental and physical state.One technique involves slowing your thoughts and focusing on your heartbeat, breathing slowly and deeply, and focusing on the positive feeling that you receive.Finally, stress can be lessened by loving what you study. Barbara Frederickson, a leading international authority on the importance of positive emotions, says humans are genetically programmed to seek positive emotions such as love and joy. It's suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. Otherwise, you could end up fighting against your own biology.56.The author cites the latest research study in order to show that .A.students are studying harder in collegeB.most students have part-time job nowC.stress continues to the time of graduationD.students only feel stressed while in school57.According to the passage, stress might cause all the following negative effects EXCEPT .A. socialB. mentalC. emotionalD. physical58.In the author’s opinion, stress can be controlled by_ .A. doing what you preferB. identifying your present emotional state firstC. finding a more positive feeling firstD. focusing on your emotional state59.According to the context, what does "your own biology” mean in the last paragraph?A. Your current major.B. Your future job.C. Your future research.D. Your preference.60.Which of the following is the best as the title of the passage?A. Causes of Stress.B. Type of Stress.C. Life and Stress.D. Stress and Control Methods.IV Translation (2×20’)Section A Chinese to EnglishTranslate the following text into English。

2018年会计硕士考研辅导课件管理类联考强化班讲义英语二阅读阅读1.考点分析2.题型方法3.真题讲解第一章考点分析考试要求1.理解主旨要义2.理解文中的具体信息3.理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系4.根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义5.进行一定的判断和推理6.理解作者的意图、观点或态度能力考察1.词汇量与词汇处理能力一词多义熟词僻义（convention）2.阅读能力长难句3.背景知识4.解题招数篇幅特征共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右，每篇文章的长度多在375词左右，多由4~6段组成。

话题特征多选取西方国家尤其是美、英等国广泛关注的话题，文章主题可分为管理、商业经济、社会生活、文化教育、科普知识等。

体裁与结构模式现象分析型主张反主张观点／结论——论证概括——具体第二章题型方法阅读题型1.具体信息题2.语义理解题3.观点态度题4.推断题5.主旨要义题6.篇章结构题具体信息题1.题干特征According to the author/thetext/Paragraph X, ...whWhich of the following is true of...?Which of the following is true according to the text/the first two paragraphs?We learn from the lastparagraph/Paragraph X/the text that......feature/were characterized by.2.正确项特征是原文的同义重述（替换）——对原文进行重新加工，用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。

1）同义词、近义词 2）替换3.干扰项特征偷换概念： A B答非所问：以偏概全：范围无中生有：正反混淆： not过于绝对： most all the only逻辑颠倒： A导出B4.解法单一信息题：一般只涉及某一个或多个句子综合信息题：针对文章的某一段或数段甚至全文进行提问，内容覆盖面较广选项代入语义理解题1.题干特征（1）词义题The word/phrase “...”（Line X,The word “...”（Line X, Paragraph X）Which of the following best defines the word “...”（Line X, Paragraph X）?（2）句意题The sentence “...”（Line X, ParagraphBy （saying）“...”（Line X, ParagraphWhat does the author mean by “...”（Line X, Paragraph X）?2.正确项特征原文中存在其同义词、近义词、反义词、原词、概括词或其他解释说明。