cherubic整理的修锐issue分类
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Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视action research 动作研究adjourning 解散adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表BCG matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用CComputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(CAD/CAM) 计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(EDP) 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构HHawthorne effect 霍桑效应heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理Iincome statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格least preferred co-worker(LPC)最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力liability 负债liaison 联络者line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司moral rules 道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnaïve relativism 朴素相对主义need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统organizational development(OD) 组织发展orientation 定位outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术retention 保留rational approach 理性方法rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统subunits 子单位synergy 协同system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子variety 变量valence 效价variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifference(area of acceptance) 无差异区域(可接受区域)。
教育类:第1组:通才VS专才(6,14,96,116)A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前,国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
(13,46,70,102,112,140)Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
(24,29,52)The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为,忽视消极的行为。
37Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子,并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。
54In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.为了成为全面发展的个体,应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。
【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 9shabby 低劣的,卑鄙的;破旧的,衣衫褴褛的shaft 轴,杆状物;亏待,欺骗shake 摇动,摇晃;震动,颤抖shallow 浅的,浅薄的sham 假装,虚伪;仿造品;仿造的,劣质的shame 羞耻,耻辱;使羞愧,使丢脸shampoo 洗发膏;洗发,洗头shatter 打碎,破坏;碎片shave 剃,刮,刨,削shear 修剪;剥夺;削减shed 散发;去除,摆脱;脱落terrible 很糟的;可怕的;极度的,厉害的terrific 极好的,非常的,极度的;很强的,很多的terrify 使害怕,使惊吓territory 领土,版图;领域,范围terror 恐怖,恐惧;可怕的人textile 纺织品texture 质地,外观;气质,性格,本质,特征wash 洗涤;冲刷;冲洗;洗涤物waste 浪费;废弃的,荒芜的;废物watch 观看;看守;窥视;等待ahead 在前,向前;提前air-conditioning 空气调节系统,空调aircraft 航空器,飞机aisle 通道,走廊,过道alert 警惕的;活泼的,敏捷的;警戒状态alike 相同的;同样地,一视同仁地alive 活着的;活跃的,热闹的cheat 欺骗;作弊cheque / check 支票chest 胸腔,胸部;箱,柜chew 咀嚼;沉思,考虑chief 首领,领袖;主要的chieftain 首领,酋长childhood 幼年,童年chill 寒冷,寒气;(使)变凉chorus 合唱队,唱诗班;合唱Christ 救世主Christian 基督教徒;基督教的chronic 慢性的;长期的;严重的church 教堂,教会pin 大头针,别针;别住,钉住pinch 使紧缺;使为难;(一)撮,少量pint 品脱(液量单位)delegate 代表;授权给delete 删除delicious 美味的;令人愉快的delight 高兴,快乐;乐趣;使高兴elect 选举,推举;选择,决定electric 电的,导电的,电动的electrical 电的,电学的electrician 电学家,电工elevate 举起,提高,抬起;使情绪高昂elevator 电梯,升降机eligible 符合条件的,合格的eloquent 雄辩的,口才流利的,有说服力的embark 上船;从事,着手,开始工作embarrass 使窘迫,使局促不安emigrate 移居外国emit 发出,散发,发射empire 帝国empirical 以观察或实验为依据的,经验主义的empty 空的,空虚的;倒空fee 学费,会费;酬金feeble 虚弱的,无力的;软弱的,无效的grief 忧伤,悲伤;伤心事grieve (使)悲伤,伤心grin 露齿而笑,咧着嘴笑grind 磨碎,碾碎;苦心地教(或学)office 办公室,办事处;职务;部,局,处officer 官员,办事员;军官official 官员;官方的,正式的,公务的【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 10pioneer 先驱,倡导者,开拓者pipe 烟斗;管道;笛子pirate 海盗;盗版者;盗印,盗版pistol 手枪piston 活塞pit 陷阱;煤矿,矿井pitch 沥青;搭(帐篷);投掷,扔plague 瘟疫,灾害;折磨,纠缠plain 明白的;朴素的;坦率的;平凡的;平原,旷野planet 行星plant 植物,花草;工厂;设备;种植;灌输plantation 种植园lay 放置;铺设;外行的,非专业的layer 层,表层,层次,阶层layman 外行;(基督教的)平信徒,俗人layout 布局,陈设marathon 马拉松赛跑;马拉松式的活动marble 大理石march 行军,进行;行程marine 海的,海生的;船舶的,航海的marital 婚姻的;夫妻关系的married 已婚的,夫妇的mark 痕迹,斑点;符号;分数;批改;标明marvelous / marvellous 惊人的,奇迹般的,奇妙的Marxist 马克思主义的;马克思主义者mask 面具;伪装naval 海军的,军舰的navigation 航海;导航,领航navy 海军nearby 附近的;在附近nearly 几乎,差不多;亲密地,秘密地neat 整洁的,干净的;优美的,精致的necklace 项链needle 针,指针,针状物Negro 黑人;黑人的neighbo(u)rhood 四邻,街坊;区域,街道queer 奇怪的,古怪的quench 消除;平息;压制;扑灭queue 一队人,一行列车;排队quiver 颤抖,抖动quiz 测验,考查,问答比赛quota 配额,定额,最高限额recall 回忆,回想;收回,撤消recollect 回忆,想起reconcile 使和解;调解;使一致recur 复发,重现,再来,回想recreation 娱乐,消遣recycle 整修,改建;再生,重复利用rectify 纠正,改正;调整redundant 多余的,累赘的,过剩的reed 芦苇,苇丛;簧片reel 卷筒,线轴;卷,绕sheer 完全的;陡峭的,垂直的sheet 被单;(一)张,(一)片,薄片shepherd 牧民,牧羊人;带领,护送shrewd 机灵的,敏锐的,精明的shrink 使起皱,使收缩;使缩水,减少,缩小;(尤指因恐惧而)畏缩,退缩;精神病学家shut 关,关闭shutter 百叶窗,快门shuttle 穿梭往返;梭子shy 腼腆的;胆怯的,易受惊的theatre / theater 戏剧,戏院;阶梯教室theft 偷窃,失窃thermal 热的;温暖的,保暖的;与温度相关的thermometer 温度计,体温计thesis 论文;论题,论点thick 厚的,稠的,浓的;厚,浓,密thigh 大腿thorn 刺,荆棘;使人生气的事(或人)thousand 一千,一千个via 经,通过vibrate 振动,摆动;适应,共鸣vicinity 邻近,附近video 电视,视频;电视的,视频的violate 违反,违背;侵犯,打扰【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 11beg 乞求,乞讨;请求,恳求behind 落后于;在后,面向后being 生物,人;生存,存在;身心all 所有的,全部的;一切;完全,全部allege 断言,宣称,辩解allegiance 忠诚;效忠;拥戴alleviate 使易于忍受,减轻,缓和alliance 联盟,同盟;联姻allowance 津贴,补贴,零用钱alloy 合金ally 同盟国,同盟者;支持者;使结盟alone 单独的,独一无二的;仅仅,独自along 沿着,顺着;向前alongside 并肩地,并排地;在……旁边alphabet 字母表denounce 告发某人;谴责,指责;宣布退出dense 密度的,浓的;愚蠢的density 密集,密度,浓度fell 砍倒,砍伐fellow 伙伴,同事;同样的,同类的fellowship 伙伴关系,友谊;团体female 女(性)的;雌的feminine 女性的,有女性气质的;阴性的fence 篱笆,围栏;击剑ferry 渡船;渡运fetch 取来,接来feudal 封建的fever 发热,发烧;狂热goat 山羊gold 黄金,金币;黄的,金制的golden 金子般的;金黄色的;贵重的,极好的heave 举起,提升;起伏,升降heaven 天堂;天空;上帝heavy 重型的;大量的;心情沉重的,郁闷的indoor 室内的,户内的induce 引诱,劝导;引起,导致indulge 放纵自己;容许或迁就(某人)做某事kin 家属,家族;有亲属关系的;同类的kindness 仁慈,亲切;好意;友好行为king 君主,国王kingdom 王国;领域kit 成套工具,工具箱;给某人装备mat 席子,垫子;编织;无光泽的;亚光的match 比赛;对手;匹配,相称may 可能,也许,可以;祝,愿mayor 市长nest 窝,巢;筑巢net 网,网状物;用网捕,使落网;净的,纯净的network 网状物;电视网,网络neutral 中立的;中性的,中和的neutron 中子new 新的;不熟悉的,没有经验的omit 省略,删除;遗漏,忘记opaque 不透明的;晦涩的,难理解的opt 决定做;决定某事物,选择某事物optical 视力的;光学的plaster 灰泥,石膏;抹灰,粉饰plastic 塑料,塑料制品;可塑的;塑料的plate 金属板,薄片;盘子plateau 高原;稳定期,停滞期;保持稳定水平,处于停滞状态platform 平台;站台;政纲,党纲play 游戏,比赛;剧本;活动;演奏;起作用refine 提炼;改进,使变得完善refrain 节制,避免,制止;重复refuge 避难处,藏身处refugee 难民,流亡者;避难,逃难refund 退还,偿还;归还,退款refusal 拒绝,回绝refuse 拒绝,回绝;垃圾circle 圆,圆周;周期,循环;环行,盘旋circuit 环行,巡回;电路,线路circular 圆(形)的,环形的;循环的;传单;通报circulate (使)循环,(使)流通citizen 公民,市民civil 公民的,市民的;文明的;文职的civilian 平民,百姓civiliz(s)e 使文明civiliz(s)ation 文明grab 夺得;抓住,掠夺grace 风度;优美;宽限;恩典graceful 优美的,文雅的【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 12chat 闲谈,闲聊;聊天chain 镣铐;一系列;用链条拴住chair 椅子;主席,主席席位chairman 主席,委员长,董事长chamber 房间,寝室;议院champagne 香槟酒,香槟色champion 冠军;拥护者chancellor 名誉校长;官员,大臣chaos 混乱,紊乱chap 小伙子;裂口;皲裂chapter (书籍的)章(节),回charity 慈善,仁慈,施舍chart 图,图表;航线图,海图;记录,跟踪;(制订)行动计划charter 租船,租车;宪章deck 甲板declaration 宣布,公告,正式声明declare 宣布,宣告;断言,宣称deed 行为,行动;契约,证书default 违约;不履行义务defeat 战胜,击败defer 延期,推迟defect 缺点,缺陷deficiency 缺乏,不足;缺陷deficit 赤字,亏空degenerate 衰退,堕落;堕落的;堕落者either 任何一个的;任何一个;也eject 喷射;排出,驱逐elapse 过去,消逝elastic 弹性的;松紧带,橡皮圈elbow 肘,肘部feasible 可行的,合理的,可用的feast 宴会;节日;宴请,款待feat 伟绩,伟业;灵巧的;整洁的feather 羽毛glide 溜,滑行gloomy 阴暗的;令人沮丧的,抑郁的glory 光荣,荣誉glorious 壮丽的,辉煌的;光荣的glue 胶,胶水;胶合,粘贴headline 大字标题headquarters 司令部,指挥部;总部,总局hearing 听力,听觉;审讯heart 心,心脏;中心,要点heat 高温;热烈,激烈;变暖,加热member 成员,会员membership 会员资格,全体成员menace 威胁,危险物;恐吓mend 修理,修补;改善,改正persecute 虐待,迫害;骚扰,纠缠persevere 坚持,忍耐;支撑persist 坚持;持续persuade 说服,劝说;使相信persuasion 说服,说服力pest 害虫;讨厌的人(或物)petrol 汽油petroleum 石油petty 小的,琐碎的;气量小的pharmacy 药剂学,制药业;药房phone 电话,电话机;打电话pile 一堆,一叠;一大堆,大量;拥,挤pilgrim 朝圣;流浪pill 药丸,药片;讨厌的人pillar 台柱,栋梁pilot 飞行员,驾驶员;驾驶;带领quarrel 争吵,争论;口角quart 夸脱(液体或固体的容积单位)quarter 四分之一,四等分;季度;方向,地区,方面quartz 石英slip 滑倒,失足;错过;下降;变坏;疏漏slipper 拖鞋,便鞋slippery 滑的,滑溜的;圆滑的;不可靠的slit 切开,划开;裂缝,狭缝slogan 标语,口号slope 倾斜,有坡度;斜坡,倾斜slot 缝;空位;足迹;安置,放置slum 贫民窟,贫民区,陋巷sly 狡猾的,狡诈的smash 打碎,打破,摧毁smog 烟雾smooth 平滑的;平稳的,使平滑;缓和,减轻smuggle 走私,偷运bear 容忍;承担,结果实,生子女beard 胡须rap 敲击;敲击声;监禁,处罚rape 掠夺;强奸rapid 快的,急速的;急流,湍流rash 轻率的,匆忙的,鲁莽的raw 未加工的;未经训练的,没经验的ray 光线,射线;一点点reader 读者;读物;电子阅读器;准教授reading 读物;读数readily 快捷地,便利地;容易地;乐意地realm 王国,国度;领域,范围reap 收割,收获;获得rear 后部;后部的;培养;栽种;饲养【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 13bend使弯曲;屈服;弯曲beneath在……下边;在下方benign良性的;良好的;仁慈的,和蔼的beside在……旁边,在……附近;与……相比besides除了……之外;而且,还有amplifier扩大器,扩音器amplify放大,增强analog / analogue类似物;模拟analogy类比;相似analys(z)e分解,分析analysis分析,分解analytic(al)分析的,分解的inertia不活动,惰性;惯性infant婴儿,幼儿;供婴儿用的;初期的infect传染,感染infectious传染的,传染性的infinite无限的,无穷的inflation通货膨胀infrared红外线的infrastructure (国家或机构的)基础设施knee膝,膝盖kneel跪,跪下knob门把,把手,旋钮knot(绳)结;节;打结knowledge知识,学问;知道,了解leaf叶子;一页,一张;金属薄片leaflet小叶,嫩叶;传单,活页league同盟,联盟;社团leak漏洞,裂缝;透露;泄露消息lean瘦的;贫瘠的;质量低劣的;倾斜;有倾向leap跳跃lease租借,租期;出租leather皮革,皮革制品mechanic技工,机修工mechanical机械的,呆板的mechanism机械装置;机构,机制nickname绰号;给……起绰号nightmare梦魇,噩梦;可怕的事物nominal名义上的;微不足道的,象征性的nominate提名;任命,指定;确定pleasure愉快,乐趣pledge保证,誓言,誓约;抵押plentiful富裕的,丰富的pneumonia肺炎pocket衣袋;钱包;财力;袖珍的,小型的;把……占为己有;操纵poison放毒,毒害;毒药poisonous有毒的;恶毒的,邪恶的,讨厌的regard看待;尊敬;考虑;注视;注意;问候regarding关于regardless不注意的;不顾后果地regime政体,制度register登记,注册rehearse排练;熟练掌握reign当政;盛行;统治时期;支配,影响rein缰绳;统治;牵制;驾驭reinforce增援,加强simulate假装,冒充;模仿;模拟simultaneous同时的,同时发生的sin罪,罪恶;犯过错sincere诚挚的,真实的,诚恳的single单人的,单一的;未婚的,独身的singular非凡的,卓越的;单数的sink下沉,使下陷;水槽,水池sip小口地喝siren警报声,警报器thumb拇指thunder轰隆声;打雷,雷鸣;吼叫tick滴答声;记号;发出滴答声ticket入场券,标签wealth财富,财产;大量wealthy富裕的,丰富的weapon武器,兵器weave编制;编排;组合web网,蜘蛛网;周密的布置;圈套wedge楔子,三角木;挤入,插入jungle丛林,密林;尔虞我诈的环境;危险地带junction连接,接合处,枢纽站junior年少的,年幼的;资历较浅的;下级,晚辈juvenile青少年的;幼稚的;青少年;少年读物junk垃圾,质量低劣的东西;丢弃,废弃unload卸,卸下upper上面的,上部的,较高的upright垂直的;正直的,诚实的uproar骚乱,骚动;吵闹,喧嚣upstairs在楼上,往楼上upward向上,往上;向上的,上升的【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 14skate溜冰,滑冰;冰鞋ski雪橇,滑雪skill技巧,技艺;技术,技能skilled有技能的;熟练的skillful / skilful灵巧的,娴熟的,熟练的skim擦去;掠过;略读,快读skin皮,皮肤;外皮;剥皮skip跳,蹦;遗漏;跳跃skull头脑,智能skyscraper摩天大楼slam砰地关上,冲击;猛击,撞击slap拍,掌击slaughter屠宰,残杀;彻底击败sleeve袖子slender苗条的,细长的;微薄的,不足的slice薄片,切片;部分slide滑行,滑落;滑梯;幻灯片slight纤细的,瘦弱的;轻微的,微小的slim苗条的;微小的,不够大的climate风气,社会思潮,气氛;气候climax顶点,高潮climb攀顶;攀登,爬clip剪,修剪;夹住;回形针cloak外套,斗篷;掩盖,掩饰clockwise顺时针方向地clone无性繁殖;复制descend下来,下降descendant子孙,后代descent降落,下降;血统,家世desert沙漠,不毛之地;抛弃,舍弃endow资助,捐助;使某人天生具有endure忍受;持久,持续endurance忍耐(力),持久(力),耐久(性)file文件,档案;存档,归档fill充满,装满;堵塞film电影;胶卷;薄膜;拍成电影filter滤器,滤纸;过滤graph图表,曲线图graphic生动的,书写的,绘画的,图示的grateful感激的,感谢的gratitude感激,感谢grave坟墓;严肃的,庄重的gravity重力,引力;严肃,严重graze放牧;擦破;磨擦,擦伤grease油脂;抹油,润滑;使便于通过inhabit居住于,栖息于inhabitant居民;栖息的动物inhale吸入,吸气inherent固有的,内在的,天生的inherit继承inhibit阻碍,抑制medal奖章,勋章,纪念章medical医学的,医疗的,医药的;内科的medicine内服药,医药;医术,医学medieval 中世纪的;老式的,原始的meet遇见;会谈;开会;迎接;达到,符合melody曲调,歌曲;主调,主旋律melt融化;溶解;逐渐消失plight苦难,困境;保证,约定plough / plow犁;耕地plug塞子;插头;堵塞;连接plumber水管工人plunge陷入,遭受;猛跌,下降plural复数的;复数plus正的,加的;加号,正号relax(使)松弛,放松relay转播;转达;接力赛release释放;解除,解脱;发布,发行relief减轻,解除;援救,救济relieve缓解,解除;救济;接替relish享受;食欲;品味reluctant不愿的,勉强的treason谋反,通敌,叛国treasure财宝,财富;珍爱,珍藏tremble颤抖;摇动,晃动tremendous巨大的,极大的trench壕沟,战壕usage用法,惯用法useful有用的,有益的utmost最远的,极度的,极端的;极限,最大可能bold勇敢的;结实的;黑体的,粗体的bolt关窗,栓住;螺栓,插销bomb炸弹;轰炸,投弹于bond结合,联结;债券,契约bone骨(骼)【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 15tie扎,系,捆;领带;关系,纽带;束缚,约束tide潮流,趋势tidy整洁的,有条理的;可观的;整理,收拾tight紧的;密封的;紧紧地tile瓦片,瓷砖tilt倾斜;歪,倾向weekday平常日,工作日weekly每周的;周刊,周报;每周一次地weed杂草;除草;清除,淘汰weep流泪;渗出;哭泣,眼泪well-known有名的,著名的wet潮湿的;多雨的;弄湿,沾湿ancestor祖先;先驱;原型ancient古老的,古代的and和,与,同,又,而;然后,接着;那么,就anecdote轶事,奇闻angel天使angle角;角度,观点anger怒气;使发怒,激怒angry愤怒的;恶劣的,狂怒的ankle踝anniversary周年,周年纪念日announce宣布,声称antenna天线;触角;直觉antique古时的;旧式的,过时的;古董bet打赌,赌博;赌注betray背叛,出卖;暴露,泄露better较好的;较优者;改善,提高;胜过between当中,中间beware当心,谨防bewilder使迷惑,使糊涂beyond远于;迟于,晚于;超出cloth布,衣料clothe给穿衣,提供衣服clothes衣服,服装clothing衣物,(尤指某种类型的)服装cloud云;造成不愉快或不明朗的事情cloudy多云的;混浊的,模糊的clue线索;暗示clumsy笨拙的;无策略的;制作粗陋的cluster(人或物)的群,组;丛生,群集,聚集clutch紧紧抓住;把握,控制desolate可怜的;荒芜的;感到凄凉,使悲惨despair绝望desperate绝望的,极其严重的;不顾一切的destination目的地,终点destiny命运,命中注定的事destruction破坏,消灭destructive破坏性的,毁灭性的engine发动机,引擎;火车头engineer工程师engineering工程学enormous巨大的,庞大的enquire / inquire询问,打听enrich使丰富;使肥沃;使富足enrol / enroll登记;吸收,招生final最终的,决定性的finally(用于列举、引出观点的等)最后;最终,终于fine美好的;优秀的;精巧;罚款finish结束,完成;结尾,末尾fire火;激情;射击;解雇;激起fireman消防队员;烧火工人fireplace壁炉fiscal财政的;国库的fish捕鱼;捞取,探出;鱼,鱼类fisherman渔民,渔夫;捕鱼船inn小旅馆,客栈inner内部的,里面的;内心的innumerable无数的,数不清的input输入inquiry / enquiry询问,打听,调查lecture演讲,讲课legacy遗赠物,遗产;后遗症legend传说,传奇lend借给;提供lens透镜,镜头lest唯恐,免得poke戳,刺,捅;伸出;拨弄polar两极的;正好相反的pole柱,杆;地板,电极pollute弄脏,污染pollution污染pool水池,游泳池;联营;集中资源remark评论,议论;引人注目remarkable值得注意的,非凡的,卓越的greedy贪吃的,贪婪的,渴望的green绿的;未熟的,嫩的;绿色;植物greenhouse温室greet问侯,招呼greeting问候,致敬【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 16snap猛咬;抓住;谩骂;突然的snatch夺得;抓机会;夺取sneak偷窃;偷偷摸摸的行为;不声不响进行的sneeze喷嚏;轻视;打喷嚏sniff用力吸气,嗅,闻到snobbish势利的;自命不凡的detective侦探detector探测器deviate背离,偏离devil魔鬼devote将……献给;把……专用于fix使固定;确定,决定fixture固定,固定物flame火焰;热情;光辉;燃烧flap帽檐;慌乱,紧张;拍打flare闪烁,闪耀,燃烧;照耀flash闪光,闪耀;闪现flat平坦的;断然的;无生气的;平面flatter 奉承;使高兴flavour / 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埃森哲问题分析法教材AccentureIBPSSkillBuilder
Accenture IBS SkillBuilder:埃森哲问题分析法
什么是埃森哲问题分析法?
埃森哲问题分析法(Accenture problem analysis)是一种利用问题
分析技术以改善业务和技术流程的工具。
它为企业提供了一个系统化的方法,用于以迅速而有效的方式发现、分析和解决问题。
它旨在基于可以为
企业创造价值的独特见解,从而可以在竞争中保持优势。
1.定义:在这一步中,需要分析问题的背景和目标。
这一步将确定文
档的目的和范围,识别关键问题,并确定研究的边界和限制。
2.调查:在这一阶中,需要收集可以帮助你实现目标的信息和数据。
这包括收集市场数据,收集现有系统的信息,以及与客户进行深入访谈和
调查。
3.分析:这一步将结合前面两步的结果,对问题和解决方案进行分析。
这一步可以使用可视化技术,比如流程图和矩阵图,来帮助发现和表达其
中一种趋势或模式。
4.解决方案:最后一步是确定最佳解决方案。
根据前面几步收集的信息,使用合理的进程来确定最佳解决方案,并考虑该解决方案的预期成果、可行性和实施因素。
·稳定对变化稳定类词汇preserve 稳定,保存permanent 永远的reliab le 可靠的hierarchy 等级体系strata 等级系统caste 职业和社会的等级compatible 一致的,兼容的stereotype固定不变的slow 缓慢steady 稳定constan t 不变的,恒量ponderous 笨重的,呆板的ingrain 牢固的变化类词汇capricious 变化无常,任意多变change 变化,改变shorten 缩短preempt 取代,先占revise 修订improve 改进tailor 修剪,修改substitu te 替代alter 改变ephemeral 转瞬即逝的,多变的sensitive 敏感的,多变的faddish 流行的fashion 时尚mobility 移动性modify 改变enlarge 扩大varied 变化,多样supersede 取代transient 短暂的inventive创新的transform 变形,改变shape 塑形,塑造alternative 可选的mutability 易变性flexible 可折的,可弯曲的adaptation 适应divergence 分歧reverse 逆转,反转random 随机的,任意的mercurial 多变的永恒对短暂永恒类词汇immutability 永恒constan t 持续,永恒perennial 永远的consisten tly 持续的definitive 终极的close the boo k on s th.最终完成某事persist 持之以恒,持续的坚持steady 稳定unchanged 不变的timeless 永恒的unalterable 不变的timelessness 永恒短暂类词汇 transitoriness 短暂unique 独一无二的,绝无仅有的ephemeral 转瞬即逝的,短暂的temporary 暂时的,临时的evanescent 逐渐消失的transitory 短暂的duration 持续一段时间创新对保守创新类的词汇 human intellect 人类的理智creative reasoning 创新的推理skeptical怀疑精神enlightened intellectual 开明豁达的creative 创新informed 见多识广的active积极的ingenious 有独创性的innovative有创新的adventurous喜欢冒险的aggressive 进取的originality 独创性original 独创的inspire 有灵感的保守类的词汇machinelike world 机械的世界mechanical nature 机械的性质doctrinaire 教条主义orthodoxy 正统的prudent 谨慎的imprison 禁锢,监禁stability 稳定dogmatist 教条主义者disciplined 训练有素的uninspired 无灵气的rigid 僵化的tradition 传统conservati ve 保守institutionalize 制度化repressive 压制的模仿对创新模仿类词汇imitation 机械的模仿mimic 拟态,模仿emulate 通过模仿而超越parody 拙劣的模仿simulate 假装,冒充的模仿pattern 仿造mock 嘲弄的模仿impersonate 扮演,模仿GRE填空词汇分类汇总2/12积极对消极积极类词汇 enthusiasm 热情active积极adaptive 适应的selective 选择性的inquisitive 好奇的intuitive 直觉的optimism 乐观主义encourage 鼓励participate 参与lively 生动活泼的spiritedness 有精神的,活泼的compete 竞争profitability 有利益的thinking 思考react 反应working individual 独立工作stimulate 刺激monomania 偏执狂beneficent 有益的tendentious有倾向的keen 敏锐的excite激动的sophisticate有智慧的discharge 履行incentive 有动机的profitable 有利可图的penchant 有倾向的victory 征服triumph 胜利消极类词汇perfunctory 冷淡grudging 勉强passive 消极dampen 使沮丧prevent 阻碍beset 困扰postpone 推迟unpromise 没有希望的flatness 平淡的recipient 接受dismal 令人沮丧的disappoint 让人失望的human machine人类的机器discourage 丧失勇气callous 麻木的,铁石心肠的dull 迟钝的numb 麻木的withdraw 脱离中性类词汇 receptive 有接受能力的innocuous 无害的neutral 中立的disinterested 客观公正的内向对外向性格内向类词汇 self-effacing 自我谦卑shy 害羞evasive逃避retire 羞怯,沉默的diffident 缺少自信reserve 沉默拘谨inhibit 羞怯的reticent 沉默eschew 躲避introvert 性格内向的性格外向类词汇 publicity 公开性controvers y 论辩contentious好争吵的facetious幽默的presumptuous专横的intrepid 勇猛的be oneself 大方instigate 鼓动显性对隐性显性类词汇再次出现reappear 再次出现public 公开embellish 装饰intimate 表示admire 羡慕,推崇espouse 支持隐性类词汇 abeyance 暂时的停止reticent 沉默privacy 隐私innuendo 含沙射影的说话veil 掩饰unknown不被人所知belie 掩饰mask 掩盖激动对安静激动类词汇 explosive 爆炸性的violent 狂暴的eruption 爆发volatile 不稳定的agitate 激动的tension 紧张不安intensity 强烈vitality 活力excitement 刺激fervent 炙热的passionate 充满热情的violent 强烈的promptness敏捷,机敏inflame 激动地indignation 愤怒dynamically 动态的安静类词汇quiescence 静止meditative 沉思冥想tepid 乏味不热情dormancy 休眠tranquil 安静的serene 平静的serenity 平静nostalgia 乡愁,怀旧placidity 平静disinterested 冷静的sedentary 久坐不动的dormant 睡眠,静止的even-tempered 平和的phlegmatic 冷静的statically 静态的breathing spell 短暂的休息moratorium 暂停延缓严肃对幽默严肃类词汇gravity 严肃seriousness 严肃realistically 真实性authenticity 真实性,权威性respect 尊敬polite 有教养的reverence 尊敬piety 虔诚awe 敬畏prig 一本正经的人,道学先生 幽默类词汇 facetious幽默的laughter 幽默playful 嬉戏的supernatural trick 超自然的花招clumsy 笨拙的ludicrous 荒唐可笑amusing 有趣的laughable 可笑funny 可笑bizarre 奇异可笑的GRE填空词汇分类汇总3/12【03】静止对运动冲突对和谐冲突类词汇different 不同的conflict 冲突exclusive排斥性的struggle 斗争,奋争rivalry 斗争,竞争intransigence 毫不妥协的anomalous 反常,异常deny 拒绝contradictory 反对的nonplus 为难humiliate 使丢脸discomfit 难堪disgrace 使丢脸rift 断裂,不和debate 争论irony 讽刺savage 野蛮的ruthless 无情的vindictive报复性的dichotomous分裂的,分成两个的contrary 反对incompatible 不调和的disruptive 分裂性的intervention 干涉disturb 扰乱provocative引起争论的challenge 挑战question 质疑crossfire 交叉火力的攻击tussle 争斗hostility 敌对状态bitter 怀疑feud 不和vitriolic 尖酸刻薄的truculent 好战凶猛的competitive强烈竞争的cynicism犬儒主义的quarrel 争吵sarcastic 讽刺的acrimonious 严厉辛辣的divergent 有分歧的relegation 驱逐,丢弃disparage 贬低intolerant 不容忍的combative好斗的inflexibility 不屈服的setback 挫折antagonistic 敌对的oppressive 压抑的bankrupt 破裂的dissolution 解体censure 指责和谐类词汇agree 同意adjust 调整resolve 化解harmonious 和谐的wholeness 一体的reconcile 和解,化解brook 对别人的容忍forbear 对自己的克制allow for 允许consensus一致同意kindness亲切satisfaction 满意balance 平衡credit 相信tout 支持,吹捧advocate支持prefer 更喜欢tease 调侃,挑逗friendly 友好的congenial 性格温和的intimate 亲密无间的tolerant 包容容忍的compromise 妥协negotiate 商谈idealism 理想主义utopian 乌托邦democracy 民主etiquette 礼节courteous 有礼貌的assimilate 吸收,同化unanimous 统一的conciliatory 抚慰commend 称赞optimistic 乐观的accommodation融合迁就coexisten ce 共存endorsement 赞同worthwhile 有价值的stable 稳定的harmony 和谐攻击对防守攻击类词汇kill 杀死terrorize 使恐怖ravage 毁坏decimate 大批杀害against 对抗coup 打击,好主意provoke挑衅objection 反对attack 攻击undermine 破坏provocative引起争议的challenge 挑战question 质疑beleaguer 围攻assail 攻击的overwhelm 完全制服protect 保护expediency 权宜之计fortify 防御工事maintain 维护stabilize 稳定defend 防卫reinforce 增援fortresslike 堡垒一样的服从对抵抗服从类词汇compliance 服从tacit 默许deign 屈尊scruple 有顾虑的unctuous假意殷勤acquiescent 勉强顺从obsequious 阿谀奉承submission 屈服抵抗类词汇never scruple to do sth.肆无忌惮的做某事intend 故意的refuse 拒绝insubordinate 不顺从的contravene违反jeopardize 危害loath 不情愿的reluctant 勉强的,不愿意的struggle 奋争hostility 敌对征服对屈服征服类词汇overcome 战胜conquer 征服triumph 成功cloud over遮蔽trample 踩踏ascendancy 优势地位breakthrough 突破panacea 万能药屈服类词汇yield to屈从安全对危险安全类词汇security 安全reassuring 安心可靠的safe 安全reliab le 可靠的salutary 有意的useful 有用的tranquil 安静的,稳定的antidote 解毒剂insurance 保险不安全类,危险类词汇vulnerability 易受攻击性breach 破坏frail 脆弱的insecurity 不安全phobia 恐惧症trepidation 恐惧fear of 恐怖的trepidation 惊恐side effect 副作用injury 伤害uncertainty 不确定的adversity 不幸,灾难danger 危险的risk 风险deleterious 有害的有序对无序有序类词汇in order 有序tidy 整齐清晰clear 清晰thorough 连贯consisten t 一致clear-cut 明确的orderlin ess 有序contrive 设计coherence 连贯性无序类词汇random 随机by chance随机vary 多变的confuse混乱randomness 无序状态chaos 混乱无序accident 意外happening 意料之外的GRE填空词汇分类汇总4/12【04】单一对众多增加对减少 E8.4, E11.1, E12.3, E15.1, E22.2, E33.1, E35.2, E39.7, E42.1, E42.3, E43.5, E45.3, E48.6, E50.1, E50.7, E52.1, E53.5, E58.5,E61.1 增加类词汇add 增加increase 增多addition 增加deepen 加深excessi ve 过多enhance 提高stimulate 刺激elevate 提升quicken 加快exaggerate 夸大diffusion 扩散greater 更多的arise 增长replenish 补充flourish 繁荣redundancy 冗余variety 变化多样性prosperity 繁荣improve 提升expand 膨胀escalation 提升disseminate 传播promote 提升plentiful 许多的prolific 多产的enlarge 扩大减少类词汇reduction 减少cancel 消除eliminate 消除diminish 使自己减少debilitating 使别人衰弱devastate损毁rare 罕见lessen 减轻inhibit 抑制minimal 最少的slight 微少的reduce 减少little 小的annihilation 灭绝curtail 缩减lower 降低efface 抹除exacerbate 恶化eradicate 根除relieve 减轻limit 限制low-intensity 低密度inhibit 抑制reduce 减少restrict 限制degenerate 退化disappear 消失undermine 破坏decrease 减少decline 衰落underplay 削弱decelerate 减速debase 降低rarely 很少minimize 最小化slender 微弱的获得对丧失 E25.1, E29.6, E37.3, E40.2, E52.7, E55.7, E56.2,有对无 71.7, E45.4获得类词汇procurement 采购,获得enclosure 围住,私有化proprietary 所有权profitable 有利益可图的possess占有丧失类词汇divest 放弃forfeit 丧失retire from 退出abandon 抛弃lack o f 缺少elimination 消除sacrifice 牺牲scarce 缺乏的nonexistent 不存在利益对亏损 E24.7, E25.5, E41.6, E46.4利益类词汇interest 利益benefit 利益generous 慷慨的perquisite 额外津贴largesse 慷慨大方reciprocity 互惠互利亏损类词汇unprofitable 无利益的超越对落后 E1.5(超), E19.2, E19.4, E22.4, E29.4, E30.2, E35.6, E50.5, E54.2, E63.5, E73.1, E73.2超越类词汇transcend 超越outstrip 超过rivals 竞争,匹配match匹配advantage 优越seize 夺取preeminent 卓越的overtaken超越culminate 达到顶点ascendancy 优势地位dominate 统治antedate 居先,提前improve 提升increase 提升exceed 超越落后类词汇limit 限制deter 阻止hamper 妨碍retreat 衰退subordination 从属regression 衰退sluggish 缓慢的lag 落后开始对结果 E3.2(始), E4.5, E34.1earliest 最早的initial 最初的original 最初的结果类词汇ultimate 最终的单一对众多 E70.7, E6.6(多), E63.2, E66.1单一类词汇single 单一的individual 单独的alone 单独的insular 孤立的cellular 细胞的众多类词汇eclectic 兼收并蓄的unending 无穷无尽的reproduction 繁殖variety 多样的social 群居的group 团队多对少 E2.3, E16.2, E19.5, E21.5, E24.7, E39.1, E41.2, E47.1, E49.2, E62.5, E64.5, E65.1, E76.7 多的词汇大量的sheer bulk of 大量diversity 多样性inexhaustible 无穷无尽的broader 宽广的specific 具体的largesse 慷慨大方generous 慷慨的greatest 最大的concentration集中diverse 多样的group 团体social 群居的aggrandize 增大少的词汇few 少meager 贫乏simple 简单minimize 最小化synop tic 概要的finite 有限的harrow 狭窄的sporadic 零星的sparse 稀疏的sketchy 粗略的fragmentary 支离破碎的single 单独的individual 个人的,单独的compendium 纲要合并对分裂 E23.3, E17.7, E30.5, E32.3, E37.1, E40.6, E41.5, E53.3, E61.2, E62.7, E63.6, E66.5, E72.1, E9.7, E17.7, E21.6, E40.6承担对逃避 E37.3, E40.2合并类词汇fusion 熔合congruity 一致uniform 统一的形式integration 整合combine 结合integrity 完成性whole 整体incorporate 合并assimilate 吸收,同化adhere 粘附,坚持kinship 血缘关系embed 包含interdisciplinary 交叉课程synthesis 综合分裂类词汇dichotomy 二分法separate 分开的discrete 分立的exodus出走alienation 疏远异化rift 断裂,不和debate 争论elude 躲避总结对解释 E6.3, E9.2, E16.5, E19.1, E24.6, E25.7, E28.1, E28.6, E65.5, E24.4(形成对理解)总结类词汇evaluate 评估definition 定义believe 相信解释类词汇explain 解释serve as作为直接对间接 E26.4, E3.5, E31.5, E32.7, E39.2, E74.4直接类词汇directly 直接的间接类词汇indirectly 间接memory 回忆anticipation 预期,将来innuendo 含沙射影的说话veil 掩饰GRE填空词汇分类汇总5/12【05】单一对众多复杂对简单 E2.3, E5.2, E7.7(复), E8.1, E12.1, E13.1(简), E13.7, E15.6, E18.5, E19.7(复), E20.3, E21.2, E22.7, E24.4, E27.6, E35.7, E36.6, E38.5, E46.3, E49.4, E 49.6, E50.3, E60.7, E68.7, E69.6, E70.4复杂类词汇intricately 复杂的complicate 结构复杂的convolute缠绕复杂的hieroglyph 神秘难解的文字符号complexity 复杂性intricate 复杂的minute 详细的power 强大的difficult 困难arcane 密不外传的cant 行话,术语nightmare 噩梦,可怕的事情jargon 行话术语,黑话delicacy 精妙的circumlocution 委婉语euphemism 委婉语impenetrable 令人费解的,难以渗透的figurative 比喻性的allusive 暗喻的subtle 精细细微的unintelligible 难以理解的complex 复杂metaphorical 比喻性的professional 职业的expert 专家insider 内行的人dilemma 左右为难riddle 谜的enigmatic 谜一般的problematic 有问题的uneasiness 不容易的opacity 晦涩难懂的decipher 解码welter 繁杂混乱简单类词汇easily 容易的synop tic 概要的basic 基本的elementary 基本的simplicity 简单elementary 简单的simple 简单fundamental 基本的building block 基础材料simplemindedness 头脑简单simplistic 过分简单的uninitiate 没有初级知识的young年轻impressionable 易受影响的naivete 幼稚sailed through 轻松的完成casual 不经意的literal 朴实无华的amateur 业余的obvious 肤浅的,显而易见的superficial 肤浅的recapitulate 概括幼稚对成熟 E20.3, E22.3, E24.2幼稚类词汇young年轻impressionable 易受影响naivete 幼稚childish 幼稚的成熟类词汇maturity 成熟重视对轻视 E1.6, E11.5, E23.1, E34.7, E35.3, E40.5, E45.1, E47.5, E49.7, E58.3, E59.2, E64.1, E71.2, E76.5, E13.6, E17.3重视类词汇relevant 重要的significance 重要respect 尊敬deference 敬重awe 敬重reverence 尊敬piety 虔诚vital 致命的important 重要的considerable 值得考虑的decorum 得体正派的overemphasize 过分强调revere 尊敬轻视类词汇dismiss 不重视overlook 忽略insignificant 不重要simple 简单underrate 低估unappreciate 未被欣赏neglect 忽视ignore 忽视omit 省略disparage 蔑视superfluous 肤浅的triviality 琐碎的superficial 肤浅的underestimate 低估disregard 忽略snub 冷落menial 卑微的trivial 琐碎的revile 辱骂taunt 辱骂奢华对简朴 E43.2, E53.7, E64.7美观对实用 E7.2, E21.1, E42.4美观奢华类词汇lavishly 奢华的flamboyant 华丽绚烂的extravagant 奢侈的sumptuous奢华的richness 华美的,丰富的delicately 优美的colorfully 多彩华丽的subtly 精细细微的beauty 美丽aesthetic 美学的brocade 锦缎embroidery 装饰embellish 修饰实用简朴类词汇function功能的drab 单调的simple 简单朴素的plain 朴素的sobriety 节制节俭的frugality 节俭GRE填空词汇分类汇总6/12【06】单一对众多普通对特殊 E4.1(普), E11.3, E13.6, E16.6, E18.7, E29.7, E7.2, E34.2,E39.4, E44.5, E48.1, E56.4, E56.6, E60.2, E65.6普通类词汇routine 常规的similar 类似的laity 门外汉,俗人rank and file 低层次的practitioner 从业人员traditionalist 传统主义者qualify 引用conven tionality 习俗惯例commonplace 通常的popular 通俗流行的everyday 日常,每一天partner 伙伴,对等的pervasive 普遍深入的unnoteworth y 不值得注意的norm 标准mediocrity 平庸平凡特殊类词汇establish 建立uniqueness 独一无二的distinctive与众不同的unworldly 超凡脱俗的idiosyncratic 独特性prerogative 特权preeminent 卓越的singularity 单独specialization 专业化untraditional 非传统的unusual 不寻常的unrepresentative 非典型的相同对差异E24.5, E27.2, E3.1, E4.1(同), E23.7, E32.2, E33.2, E34.4, E34.6, E37.2 , E43.6, E44.6, E48.2, E51.6, E53.3, E57.1, E58.2, E58.7, E60.2, E72.5, E72.6, E75.5, E75.6, E76.4, E18.4(异), E17.7(同时对异步)相同类词汇common 共同的resemblance 类同similarity 类似agree 同意similar 类似的routine 常规counterpart 对等的parallel 类似的coherent 连贯的mediocre 普通的proportion 均衡equilibrium 平衡homogeneity 同种indistinguishable 不能区别的consensus一致同意commonplace 平凡的agreement 一致的assimilate 吸收同化analogous 类似的comparable 类似的unify 统一的same 相同的traditional 传统的conven tional 习俗惯例的simultaneously 同时的integration 整合uniform 统一的差异类词汇diverse 多样的,不同的,多变的contrast 对比variation 变化difference 不同inconsistent 不相一致的anomalous 不规则的alternate 替换的unique 独一无二的individual 单独的various 多样的anomaly 异常的absurd 荒谬的various 不同的divergent 分歧的disagreement 不同意的original 独创性discernible 可辨别的,差异的specialization 专业化revolutionary 颠覆性的variety 多样性practice 惯例dissimilar 不同的disagree 不同意controversial 可争论的thoughtful 有思想的优秀对平庸 E29.3, E4.2, E4.6, E7.7(优), E22.6, E13.7, E21.2, E32.1, E32.5, E34.4, E36.4, E38.4, E38.6, E47.2, E56.7, E57.4, E57.5, E59.7, E60.5, E64.4, E65.5, E69.7, E70.3, E71.6, E74.3高级对低级 E11.3, E41.3强势对弱势 E18.3, E19.4, E29.4优秀类词汇leader 领袖preeminent 卓越的powerful 强大的overwhelmingly 压倒性的talented 天才的inspire有灵感的classic 经典的coup 好主意original 有创意的wonderful 精彩的cunning 精巧,巧妙sailed through 轻松的excellent 优秀experience 富有经验proficient 精通熟练reliab le 可靠的brilliant 聪明的outstanding杰出的precise 精确的spectacular 引人入胜的maturity 成熟的steady 稳定的accomplish 技巧娴熟的incredible 难以置信的marvelous 难以置信的virtuosity 精湛的技巧influential 有影响力的trenchant 锋利犀利的intriguing 迷人的praise 表扬ingenious 有独创性的innovative有创造力的competent 有能力的realistic 真实可信的striking 令人震惊的notable 引人注意的exceptional 杰出的famous 著名的wisdom 智慧平庸类词汇laity 俗人,门外汉rank and file 低层次的equally 等同的perfunctory 敷衍了事的derivative 无创意的expediency 权宜之计mediocrity 平庸平凡clumsy 笨拙acceptable 尚可接受erratic 不稳定的inaccurate 不准确的inexact 不准确的uninspired 没有灵感的novice 新手unskilled 不熟练的commonplace 平凡的banal 陈腐的platitude 陈词滥调rigid 僵化inept 不适当的inopportune 不合时宜的unconscionable 不理智的conservati ve 保守GRE填空词汇分类汇总7/12【07】单一对众多独立对依靠 E1.1, E5.1, E6.2, E7.1, E8.7, E12.7, E14.4, E15.2, E23.3, E26.5, E12.3, E10.3(依), E36.3, E39.5, E52.7, E53.1, E61.3, E66.6, E67.1, E67.4, E67.5, E6 7.6, E69.3, E70.2, E73.3,E76.6独立类词汇solitary 独立的free-living 生活自由无拘束的autonomously 自治的privilege 特权apparition 离奇的出现dichotomy 互为分割,分裂的distinct 互不相关的national 民族的freedom 自由isolate 孤立absolute 独立的依靠类词汇dependent 依靠influence 影响imitation 模仿deference 拿自combine 结合synthesis 综合合成annexation 合并amalgam 混合物,汞合金reliance 依靠relevance 相关性ally 同盟transitional 过渡性的surrogate 代替品agent 代替,代理constitu te 组成enclose 包围住parasite 寄生虫supplementary 补充的substitu te 替代品integrate 密不可分,整合alternative 替代的connection联系自由对约束 E11.6, E12.5, E17.5, E18.6, E19.2, E30.7, E46.5, E47.6, E50.4, E52.3, E55.2, E57.6(约), E61.4, E70.6控制对失控 E16.7, E59.4, E33.7(放纵对克制) 自由类词汇freedom 自由unfettered 无拘无束的liberty 自由powerful 权利license 许可independence 独立性impulsive 冲动的unrestrained 无限制的delightfully 欢快自由的约束类词汇limit 限制fetter 脚镣,限制imprison 禁锢trap 陷住duty 责任forbidden 禁止restriction 约束rigidity 严格imperative 规则martinet 严格的strict 严格的formal 合乎规矩的obedience 服从cooperation 合作rigor 严谨discipline 守纪律的caution 谨慎的manage 控制control o ver 控制control 可控的refrain 控制民主对专政 E17.5, E10.4, E39.6民主类词汇democratic 民主persuasion 有说服力的专政类词汇regimentation 管辖totalitarianism 集权主义intimidation 胁迫coercion 强迫authoritarian 独裁主义秘密对公开 E1.7, E2.7, E3.5, E27.4, E33.5, E52.7, E69.4, E16.4(个人对公众)掩盖对揭露 E12.4, E29.2, E60.1, E1.6, E6.4, E55.5, E56.3秘密类词汇reticent 沉默寡言privacy 秘密的underground 地下的,秘密的innuendo 含沙射影的withheld 抑制enclosure 围住,私有little-know 鲜为人知individual 个体的公开类词汇soliciting 劝说,询问establish 正统的,公开的public 公开的apprise 使注意掩盖类词汇veiled 掩饰的belie 掩盖,说明,证...伪mask 掩盖hide 隐藏揭示类词汇expose 揭露出来showing 展示reveal 揭示betray 暴露,揭露effecti vely communica te 有效地表达explicit 清楚的,显而易见的GRE填空词汇分类汇总8/12【08】光明对黑暗肯定对否定 E1.2, E2.6, E4.3, E8.6, E9.1, E9.7, E10.2, E11.2, E13.5, E12.6, E14.4, E15.1, E19.2, E16.7, E30.4, E14.7, E17.2, E18.1, E20.4, E21.4, E27.1, E30.6, E 6.5, E14.5, E28.6, E14.3, E25.4, E20.6, E34.1, E34.3, E36.2, E39.3, E40.3, E43.3, E43.4, E46.7, E49.2, E51.2, E51.5, E52.2, E54.3, E54.4, E56.5, E57.7, E58.1, E 60.3, E62.3, E63.2, E65.6, E68.2, E71.4, E74.1, E74.2, E76.2肯定类词汇allege 非官方的声称consult 咨询,查阅sustain 支持emphasize 强调endorsement 赞同assure 断然,确定support 支持demonstrate 证明credible 可信的savor 品味,体验triumph 成功test 证明enrich 丰富efficacy 有效beneficial 有益的advantage 优秀的apprehension 理解immense 无边的revolution 革命的breakthrough 突破milestone 里程碑fascination 爱好intensify 强化evaluate 评估judging 评判estimate 评估assert 断言accept 认可suggest 说明enamor 迷恋喜欢posit 假定precipitate 促成believe 相信propensity 倾向proclivity 倾向inclination 倾向promise 承诺certainty 确定determine 决定feasible 可行的necessary 必需的imperative 必要的available 可用的inform 获知confident 自信的valuable 有价值的understandable 可理解的affirm 断言intriguing 迷人的insist 坚持sincerity 真诚regard 关注respect 尊敬adamant 坚定否定类词汇repudiate 批判skepticism怀疑censure 责难rejection 拒绝relinquishment 放弃useless 无用的forestall 阻止resist 抵抗obviate 消除cease 停止incomprehension 不被理解heterodox 异端邪说的disregard 漠视limit 限制deter 阻止hamper 妨碍disrupt 破坏impair 破坏obscure 模糊,不确定lack 缺少awe of 恐惧inhibition 压抑,限制rancor 怨恨disappointing 让人失望的flagged 衰退reluctant 勉强refute 反驳doute 怀疑denial 拒绝impede 阻止constrain 抑制suppress 抑制irresponsible 不负责任的impaired 破坏sacrifice 牺牲withdrawal 收回weakness缺点failure 失败hostile 敌对的cruel 残酷的vulnerable 易受攻击的counterproducti ve 反生产的unpopular 不受欢迎的impossible 不可能的nonexistent 不存在的impractical 不切实际的ridiculous 荒谬的folly 愚蠢的detrimental 有害的insignificant 不重要的discredit 怀疑repudiate 批判prevent 阻止defy 反抗weaken 削弱doubt 怀疑banish 驱逐denounce 指责eradicate 根除contrition 悔悟remorse 懊悔flaw 缺点resignation 放弃hinder 阻碍delay 延误futility 无意义的baffle 阻碍adversity 灾祸dismal 沮丧misleading 误导unsophisticated没有智慧的error 错误conceal 隐瞒enigma 谜语unfounded 无理由的irrelevant 不相关的unrealistic 不切实际的imprudent 轻率地banal 平凡的repudiation 抛弃contempt 蔑视restrict 限制evade 逃避hatred 憎恨negative 否定的unstable 不稳定的ineffective无效的信任对怀疑 E4.3, E4.5, E4.7, E5.4, E11.2, E14.3, E25.4 , E31.6, E32.4, E35.5, E45.2, E45.7, E62.2, E65.2, E66.3, E67.7, E70.7接受对排斥 E69.2, E26.6, E37.3信任类词汇emphasize 强调credulity 轻信convince确信believe 相信trustworthy 可信赖credible 可信任的trust 信任certainity 确定credulous 轻信的gullibility 易上当受骗性honest 诚实true 真实authentic 可靠的sincere 真诚的怀疑类词汇skepticism怀疑insincere 不真诚的deceptive欺骗性的cheat 欺骗gouge 欺骗ambivalence 怀疑的skeptical怀疑distrust 不信任suspicious 怀疑接受类词汇adjustment 接受,调整hospitable 好接受的prone 倾向于acceptance接受排斥类词汇hostile 敌对的建设对破坏 E14.7, E15.1, E24.3, E26.1(破), E69.5, E72.6, E30.3, E14.3, E45.5, E42.6(建), E46.2, E46.6, E49.5(破), E52.1, E57.2, E62.1, E62.4(破) 保护对毁灭 E1.4(毁), E3.6(护), E10.5, E11.6, E71.4(护)推动对阻止 E68.6, E73.5, E6.5(推), E39.7, E28.5, E63.1(阻)建设类词汇increase 增加rehabilitative 复原enhance 提高maintenance 维持破坏类词汇disrupt 破坏impair 破坏devastate损毁的undermine 破坏disturb 扰乱intervention 干涉break 破裂ruin毁灭destroy 破坏revolutionary 颠覆性的repeal 废止violate 侵犯,违背infect 感染damage 破坏exacerbate 恶化vandalism 故意破坏艺术的行为perpetrate 犯罪行为harm 伤害lessen 消弱保护类词汇protection 保护毁灭类词汇ravage 毁坏mar 毁灭dilute 消弱推动类词汇precipitate 促成阻止类词汇deter 阻止stem 阻止impede 阻止constrain 抑制obstacle 妨碍impediment 妨碍成功对失败 E13.3, E17.2, E36.2, E70.1, E72.2, E72.4, E73.6, E73.7, E74.7, E75.2, E75.4, E48.3, E8.5(败), E68.5成功类词汇dominate 统治overcame 战胜conquer 征服breakthrough 突破milestone 里程碑succeed成功失败类词汇regression 倒退misjudgment 判断错误ineffective无效counterproducti ve 达不到预期目标的undoing 破坏,失败submission 屈服lose 失败frustrate 失败failure 失败nonplus 难堪humiliate 使丢脸discomfit 挫败disgrace 使丢脸GRE填空词汇分类汇总9/12【09】光明对黑暗支持对反对 E1.3, E2.5, E2.6, E2.7, E10.2, E12.2, E15.4, E32.2,E38.1, E42.5, E47.3, E51.7, E52.7, E54.1, E55.3 ,E57.3, E58.4, E72.7, E75.1, E27.5(支)支持类词汇enthusiasm 积极,热心,支持sustain 支持support 支持accepted公认的encourage 鼓励defend 支持,辩护establishment 确定follower 支持者loyal 忠诚的upheld 信仰publicize 宣扬endorse 支持friend 赞助人patronage 资助反对类词汇grudging 不愿意obstacle 阻碍resistance 反对rebellion 反抗antagonism 对抗defiance 对抗opposition 反对forestall 阻止oppose 反对struggle against 反对exception to反对confrontational 对抗性的antagonize 敌对的contrary 相反的discredit 否定的reject 反对contradict 反驳表扬对批评 E16.3, E20.1, E23.4, E24.6, E27.7, E28.5, E8.5, E10.1, E6.4(批), E20.7, E44.1, E44.2, E45.6, E47.4, E48.5, E51.4, E53.2, E59.6, E61.6, E62.5, E64.6, E71.3, E76.5, E8.5(批) 赞美对讽刺 E10.5, E38.2, E43.7, E67.2,E9.6(贬)表扬赞美类词汇compliment 表扬,恭维praise 表扬reward 报酬adoration 赞美recognition 赏识commend 称赞encourage 鼓励批评类词汇reproach 责难criticize 批评accuse指责accusation指责guilty 自我认罪nonplus 为难discomfit 挫败humiliate 使丢脸disgrace 使丢脸condescension轻蔑decry 谴责disparage 蔑视denounce 谴责讽刺类词汇ridicule 嘲笑self-deprecation 自我贬低cynicism对外界冷嘲热讽irony 讽刺ironic 讽刺的vitriolic 尖刻的caustic 刻薄的jeer 嘲弄喜爱对厌恶 E19.3, E20.4, E30.6, E30.4, E5.6, E2.1(爱), E25.3, E14.2, E18.2(爱), E8.6, E35.4, E37.4, E46.6, E58.6 喜欢类词汇adulation 吹捧veneration 尊敬fascination 喜欢enamored 迷恋favorite 喜欢cherish 珍爱的interest 喜欢endorsement 赞同affection关爱congenial 性情温和的intimate 亲密的gratitude 感激厌恶类词汇boredom 厌倦antipathy 反感denial 排斥repugnance 反感censure 责难feud 仇恨vitriolic 刻薄的curse 诅咒disturb 讨厌indifference 冷漠中立类词汇neutral 中立愉悦对悲伤 E3.7, E21.3, E25.3, E34.5, E36.1, E12.2愉悦类词汇hedonistic 快乐主义的pleasure 愉悦的agreeable 愉悦的pleasant 愉快的savor 欣赏happy 愉快charitable 善意的enjoyable 愉悦的elate 高兴的relieve 欣慰的悲伤类词汇melancholy 忧伤natsuka shii 愉悦的忧伤sorrow 忧伤grieve over 悲痛disappoint 失望伤心的GRE填空词汇分类汇总10/12【10】光明对黑暗具体对抽象 E13.4, E26.3, E26.4, E9.2, E65.7理论对现实 E48.4, E68.1具体类词汇practice 事件experience 经验体验structure结构function功能physical 生理的sensible presence 可感知的存在抽象类词汇visionary 空想theory 理论idea 想法transcendental claim 超越经验的主张hypothesis假设memory 回忆anticipation 预期thought 思维remote fact 遥远的事实policy 政策理论类词汇idealism 理想主义escapism 空想主义cynicism犬儒主义individualism 个人主义sectarianism 宗派主义egalitarian ism 平等主义理性对感性 E7.2, E7.7, E11.4, E18.1, E20.6, E21.1, E24.2, E28.4, E30.4, E22.4, E44.4, E49.3, E50.6, E52.4, E52.5, E54.5, E54.7, E55.5, E65.4, E67.6, E76.6理性类词汇technical 技术上的scientific 科学的reason 理性function功能workday 日常工作的critical 评论的mature 成熟的realistic 现实主义的practicable 可实行的experience 体验intellectually 理性的reality 真实factually 真实的insightful 有洞察力的rationally 理性的pragmatic 实际的content 内容感性类词汇aesthete 唯美的aesthetic 审美的sensitivity 敏感性rhetoric 修辞学hyperbole 夸张法beauty 美丽madness 疯狂的irrational 无理性的longing for 渴望awe 畏惧curiosity 好奇apprehension 担忧,理解enthusiastic 热情的commiseration 同情feeling 情感emotion 感情art 艺术visionary 空想的empirically 以经验为主的intuition 直觉surmise 推测conjecture 推测tradition 传统inadvisable 不明智的impolitic 不理智的form 形式记录对统计 E24.1, E31.1, E55.4, E1.2, E27.1, E61.5, E7.4精确对模糊 E36.4, E66.4, E30.5统计类词汇record 记录number 数字record-keeper 记录着documentation材料bibliographer 目录学家account 数据basis 依据精确类词汇precise 精确detail 详细的distinct 精确的模糊类词汇inexact 不精确inaccurate 不准确imprecision 不精确imprecise 不精确的GRE填空词汇分类汇总11/12【11】善良对邪恶正义对邪恶 E5.7, E9.5, E30.3, E2.7, E60.1正统对邪说 E2.7, E5.3(邪), E13.5真诚对虚假 E5.4, E4.7, E7.6(假), E33.4公正对偏见 E11.7, E14.6, E27.3, E33.6, E37.7, E38.3, E40.1, E40.4, E41.1, E48.7, E63.4 正义类词汇innocence 清白virtue 美德good 善良established 正统的邪恶类词汇criminality 犯罪corruption 堕落evil 邪恶errant will 邪恶的意愿depraved 堕落的wrongdoing 做坏事fraudulent 欺骗性的异端邪说类词汇underground 地下的heretical 异端的incomprehension 不被理解的candid 公正trustworthy 可信赖虚假类词汇insincerity 不真诚insincere 不真诚的feigned 伪装perfunctory 敷衍了事的untruth不真实cheating 欺骗公正类词汇disinterested 客观公正冷静的neutrality 客观中立的disinterestedness 无私,公正detachment 客观公正的objectivity 客观的neutral 中立reality 事实impartial 公平的unbiased 无偏见的truth 真实evidence 证据fact 事实偏见类词汇bias 偏见construction 主观的解释prejudice 偏见partiality 偏袒subjecti vity 主观的distort 扭曲empiricism 经验主义personal involvement 个人情感GRE填空词汇分类汇总12/12【12】善良对邪恶美德对堕落 E6.4, E14.1, E14.5, E16.3, E20.7, E27.3, E60.6, E65.5, E68.4, E70.5, E29.2(善良对邪恶), E20.2(感恩对报复)优点对缺点 E19.6, E51.5美德类词汇affection关爱adoration 关爱frugality 节俭outspoken说话率直saving 节省economy 节约virtue 美德goodness 善良brave 勇敢gentleman 绅士elegance 典雅piousness 虔诚modesty 谦虚friendly 有好的堕落类词汇ribaldry 下流earthiness 粗俗vulgarity 粗俗shameless 无耻的voyeur偷窥狂exhibitionist 暴露狂ingrate 忘恩负义的insatiably 贪得无厌的selfishly 自私的depraved 堕落wicked不道德impiety 不尊敬缺点类词汇fondness溺爱lavish 浪费stint 吝啬miserliness 吝啬fanatical 固执arrogant 自大defect 缺点indolence 懒惰fabricate 捏造avenge 为某人的某事报仇vindictive报复性的frivolous 轻佻的flawed 缺点。
一、概括性陈述类:1、直接表明立场并给出论据进行阐述:942, 6-9, 11, 13-17, 20-22, 24-28, 30-34, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 55, 59-61, 63-68, 70-72, 74-76, 81, 84-89, 92-94, 96-104, 106-117, 119-127, 130, 132, 134-136,2、对概括性陈述进行解释后,表明立场并给出论据进行阐述:74, 32, 56, 58, 77, 79, 83,3、对概括性陈述的正确性或有效性进行判断,给出论据进行阐述:712, 18, 35, 38, 52, 57, 80,4、特殊问法类型:629: 进行解释后,判断是否值得遵循,同2类50: 判断是否是有效的方法,如果不是应该采取那些其他的方法?53: 从客户角度论述“用户友好”和“用户不友好”73: 判断是否是好的建议,给出论据进行阐述,同1类62, 82:同1类二、两类进行比较类:233, 5, 10, 19, 23, 37, 40, 43, 46, 48, 69, 78, 90, 95, 105, 118, 128, 129, 131, 133, 138-140,三、“是否”做某事类:21, 137***ISSUE题目专题分类***一、Environmental Protection & Energy Protection: 61、responsibility for preserving the natural environment: 13responsibility for preventing environmental damage: 472、the way to preserve environment: 413、the response to suspected environmental hazards:(1) in light of company: 42(2) in light of government: 924、energy protection and international corporation: 2二、Architecture: 41、architecture as the reflections of societal values and attitudes: 16, 83, 97,2、the historic value of older buildings: 78三、Mass media, Information, and Entertainment: 51、whether the growth of mass media is good or not: 1392、how to obtain the information efficiently and wisely: 1083、the restriction:(1) censorship of radio and TV programs: 1(2) regulate children's access to adult material on the internet: 154、whether popular entertainment is overly influenced by commercial interests: 54四、Success: 101、the definition of success: 62、the elements of success:(1) education as the key to success: 12, 103(2) hard work as the key to success: 49(3) focusing on the task rather than the result: 293、how to succeed:(1) in light of person: setting goals: 52(2) in light of business: conformists or non-conformists: 814、the relation of success and personal failure: 115、the relation of professional success and personal sacrifices: 396、children's growth: self-discipline vs. self-esteem: 95五、Advertising: 61、advertisements as reflections of a nation's ideas: 322、advertising as influence art: 853、advertising: appeal to emotion vs. reason: 864、should school teach consumerism because businesses use high-quality advertising tosell low-quality products: 285、whether investment in high-quality advertising can sell almost any product and service: 446、do companies and organizations have right to contact potential customers and donors whenever and however they wish: 135六、Education: 91、what should our schools teach?(1) academic skills vs. ethical & social values: 23(2) science & technology vs. art & humanities: 37(3) specialized information & techniques vs. general approach to learning: 123(4) factual information & skills vs. ethics: 1362、educational method and system:(1) educational method: distance learning vs. traditional way: 99(2) educational system:①competition: 100②unity vs. diversity: 62③highly structured environment vs. relative freedom and spontaneity: 1403、after-school education: 126七、Automation & Technology: 41、the role of automation in our lives: 202、technology and adjusting to job obsolescence: 873、technology: separate people vs. bring people together: 1154、advancements in technology and business lead to better life: 112八、Studying history: 21、the importance of studying history: 432、studying history: a waste of time? : 89九、Advice: 31、giving advice to other people: 72、"following one's instincts." is good advice or not: 733、tell people what to do, never tell people how to do: 55十、Social Problems: 31、crimes(1) business' social duty regarding juvenile crimes: 59(2) how to stop serious crimes: 1272、the problems caused by cars: 102十一、Historical Sites and Archeological Treasures: 21、how to protect archeological treasures- remain in the country vs. export to other country: 1062、how to protect historical sites: restrict vs. free: 138十二、Learning Society & Measuring Nation's Value: 21、learning society: observing people's leisure time vs. observing their work time: 1312、measuring a nation's value: scientific achievement vs. business success: 105十三、About Government: 51、the relationship of company and government:(1) government as a necessary burden on business: 61(2) government should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations: 131 2、government's responsibility for art:(1) government's responsibility regarding the arts: 22(2) government provide funds only for the arts that reflect the values and attitudes of the majority: 1173、what should government increase spending on: 114十四、Bureaucracy: 21、government bureaucracy: 632、bureaucracy's impact in business and government: 46十五、About Human Beings: 151、what makes people impressed(1) restraint in the use of power: 4(2) rule-breaker: 742、what motivate people: self-interest and fear: 753、respecting one another's difference: 574、our saving and borrowing habits: 805、our role as citizens of the world: 40multinational corporations and global homogeneity: 656、accepting blame for hated actions and words: 887、loyalty to political parities and leaders hinders the people's ability to form their won opinion: 1198、people soon tire of the status quo: 1139、accepting or rejecting an idea: presentation vs. merit: 12210、the test for genius: 7711、immediate desires and long-term needs: 10412、man and woman:(1) meeting women's needs in workplace: 82(2) in business, men and women have learned how to share power effectively: 98十六、Relationship of Work and Personnel Life: 31、employee's personnel lives: as separate as possible from workplace: 92、should employees take work home with them: 303、how work affects our personal lives: 67十七、Leaders & Leadership: 51、power and influence: business vs. government: 242、earning respect as a leader: 333、the qualifications as a leader:(1) decision-making: 76(2) maintaining the highest ethical standards: 111(3) solving problems by simple, immediate solutions: 125十八、About Products: 51、process vs. products: 102、products liability: 663、ethical constraints in creating and marketing products: 704、informing customers about products and services: 845、manufacturing products that do not last can reduce costs and stimulate demand: 90十九、Business & Commerce: 41、the final objective of business: 582、the secret of business: 563、imposing limits on commercialism: 71improving practice unethical: refusal to buy vs. legislative action: 101二十、About Management and Business: 361、organization(1) hierarchical vs. flat: 3(2) the importance of a clear hierarchy: 142、company's goal and social duty:(1) making money vs. serving society: 18(2) profit vs. public welfare: 64, 118(3) ethical business conduct and maximizing profits: 453、recruitment:(1) hiring criteria for entry-level jobs: 19(2) accessing personality traits in hiring employees: 48(3) objective information vs. subjective interview: 1304、the factors of business:(1) location: still the key to business success: 26(2) job satisfaction and security: 27(3) short-term thinking as a business disease: 35(4) hiring capable people as a key business strategy: 25(5) is competition good for a business: 51(6) giving employees as much freedom as possible: 94(7) moving job frequently: 1245、how to improve the employee's efficiency:(1) rewarding employees: job performance and tenure: 21(2) responding to employee performance: 50(3) effects of employee incentives: 726、who are important in a company:(1) most valuable employees: efficiency vs. quality: 128(2) managers with strong leadership skills vs. managers with expertise and work experience: 133 7、the factors of efficiency:(1) workplace design and employee input: 68(2) formality in dress and behavior: 1218、the relationship of managers and employees:(1) employee's loyalty: 93(2) employees should not be asked to provide evaluation of their supervisor: 134personnel evaluation: multidirectional: 1109、teamwork and personal ability:(1) sharing decision-making: 5(2) teamwork vs. individual energy and commitment: 3610、the best way to assign work: 10711、advice of outside experts vs. advice of inside highly experienced employees: 12912、children employees: 9613、employees participate in profit-making decision: 11614、the privacy of employees:(1) access to personal information about employee: 60(2) employees should not have full access to their personal files: 10915、employees use email to express their opinions about the company: accept vs. prohibit: 137二十一、Others:1、monetary system: 82、financial gain as a factor in choosing a career: 313、time management and flexibility: 174、potential benefits of mandatory public services: 345、everyday courtesy as an endangered art: 386、user-friendly: 537、social skills as purchasable commodities: 79。
Region地区Regular有规律的Reject拒绝Relate联系Relax轻松Religion宗教Remember记得Remote遥远realizable 可实现的realization 领悟realize 理解;领会reallocate 重新分配really 事实上realm 领域;场所reanimate 使重新充满活力reap 收获reaper 收割机reappear 再次出现reapply 再次申请reappoint 回复职位reappraise 重新评估rea 后部;臀部rearguard 后卫部队Reactionary 反动的Reactivate使恢复活动Reagent反应物Ream令(纸张的计数单位)Reaper收割者Reassurance消除恐惧或疑虑Rebarbative讨人厌的Rebate退还款Rebellious反叛的Rebuff粗暴拒绝Rebuke责难或职责Rebuttal举反例Recalcitrance倔强对抗的Recant撤回Recapitulate总结Recede自原处后退Reciprocate报答Recital独唱会Recluse隐居者Rectify矫正Recurrence复发Redeem实践Redundancy过多Regal华丽的Regenerate新生Regulate控制Rehearsal练习Reinforce加固Relegate使降级rebate 退还款rebel 叛乱者rebellion 谋反rebellious 叛逆的rebirth 复活reborn 复兴rebound 反弹rebuff 生硬拒绝rebuild 重建rebuke 指责rebut 反驳recalcitrant 桀骜不驯recall 记起recant 公开宣布放弃recap 让我来概括recaptulate Reliance依靠Remiss玩忽职守的Rendezvous约会Renege违约Renown名望Reparation赔款Reputation名气Requite报答Reserved预定的Residence住处Respiration呼吸Respite休息时间Resume重新开始Retail零售Retort反驳Revenue收入Read阅读Ready准备就绪的Real真的Realize实现Receipt收据Receive收到Recent不久前Recommend推荐Record记录Recover恢复Reduce缩减Red红色的Refer提到Refuse拒绝的Repair修理Remove移走Repeat重复Reply回答Report报告Request要求Rescue营救Resident定居的Respond回答Rest休息Restaurant饭店Retire退休Refund归还reach 到达reachable 可到达;够得到react 回应,起反应reactant 反应物reaction 反应,回应reactionary 反动分子reactivate 使恢复活力reactive 易反应的reactor 核反应堆read 阅读readable 通俗易懂的reader 读者readership (报刊杂志等的)读者readily 轻而易举地readiness 准备就绪reading 读书活动readjust 重新适应readmit 重新接纳ready 准备好real 真实的realign 重新调整位置realist 现实主义者realistic 现实的realistically 实际地reality 实际情况rearing 抚养rearm 重新武装rearmost 最靠后的rearrange 重新安排reason 原因reasonable 合理的reasoned 缜密的reasoning 推理reassemble 重新集结reassert 重申reassess 再次评价reassign 再分配reassurance 保证reassure 使...安心reawaken 勾起;唤起概括recapture 赢回recast 重组recede逐渐减弱receipt 收到receive 接受receiver 收音机receivership 破产管理recent 最近receptable 容器reception 接待处receptionist接待员receptive 乐于接受的receptor 感受器recess 休庭recession 经济衰退recessive 隐性的recharge 充电recidivist 惯犯recipe 食谱recipent 接受者reciprocal 互惠的reciprocate 回报recital 音乐演奏会recitation 朗诵recite 背诵reckless不计后果的reckon 认为reconing 估算reclaim 要求归还recline 斜倚recognition 识别recognizable 容易认出的recognize 认出recoil 退缩recollect 回忆起recollection 记忆力recommence 重新开始recommend 推荐reconcile 调和recondite 晦涩的。
1.mental 的需要,才会去欣赏艺术。
科学家的成就,资金也很多来自于人们的taxwelfare更好。
2.反:a。
well-being难以衡量。
所以比拟不公平。
有的人觉得吃饱就是好,有的人还要求精神境界的提高。
B。
还有别的很多方面,比方说城市的建设,比方说各种系统的完善,教育系统等等。
人民对政府的信任程度。
The level to which thecitizens trust the leader.3.合:是一个方面,但是还有别的。
104-107 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.1.正:1.在很多领域领导是所有人学习的对象model or idol,对人们尤其是孩子有引导作用,因为他们在人们心中是几乎完美的形象,人们选他就是因为他道德的崇高,这种情况下正:比方:校长或者其他教育机构的领导,他们面向的对象很多是孩子,孩子们的价值观很多还没有fully developed,很容易受到影响,尤其是偶像的。
所以。
2.在有些领域好的道德能够促进开展,坏的道德会造成不好。
比方political干好事业,能够为人民着想。
2.反:1.在很多行业并没有要求很高的道德,只要符合法律即可。
看中的是能力。
能力好才能将这个机构带动起来,领导的根本目的不是自己本身的个人精神的喧哗,而是整个集体利益的提升。
比方商业,一个商人的好坏在于他能不能够做大生意,能不能够洞悉市场供求关系的变化及时作出决策,而不在于道德。
只要不违法即可。
2.过度强调道德会使得办事死板,不会随机应变。
道德在一定程度上是对人能力的束缚,highest的束缚就更大了。
人们本来应该可以发挥出的,结果束缚了发挥不出,本来可以解决的问题不能解决了,本来可以做的更好的只是做的一般。
3.要分行业。
能力也是关键。
SAP_专业词汇表ABC Classification--ABC分类法关于库存的所有物料,按照全年货币价值从大到小排序,然后划分为三大类,分别称为A类、B类和C类。
A类物料价值最高,受到高度重视,处于中间的B类物料受重视程度稍差,而C类物料价值低,仅进行例行操纵治理。
ABC分类法的原则是通过放松对低值物料的操纵治理而节约精力,从而能够把高值物料的库存治理做得更好。
Abnormal Demand--反常需求Action Message--措施信息MRP II系统的一类输出信息,讲明为纠正现存咨询题或潜在咨询题需要采取的措施及措施类型。
例如,“下达订单”、“重新排产”、“取消”等Action-report-flag--活动报告标志Activity-based Costing (ABC)--基于活动的成本核进行成本核算时,对已完成的活动所发生的成本,先进行累计,再把总成本按照产品种类、顾客群、目标市场或者项目课题进行分摊。
这一核算系统所应用的成本核算基础,较之把总成本分摊到直截了当人工和机器工时的方法,更加贴近实际情形。
也称为吸取式成本核算(Absorption Costing)。
Actual Capacity--实际能力Actual Costs--实际成本Adjust-on-hand--调整现有库存量Allocation--已分配量在MRP II系统中,已分配物料是指已向库房发出提货单,但尚未由库房发货的物料。
已分配量是尚未兑现的库存需求。
Alternative Routine--替代工序Anticipated Delay Report--拖期预报一种由生产和采购部门向物料打算部门发出的报告,讲明哪些生产任务或采购合同不能按期完成、缘故何在以及何时能够完成。
拖期预报是闭环MRP 系统的差不多组成部分。
除了专门大的公司以外,拖期预报一样由人工编制。
Assembly--装配Assembly Order--装配订单Assembly Parts List--装配零件表Automatic Rescheduling--打算自动重排承诺运算机系统当它发觉交货日期和需用日期失效时,自动改变估量入库量的交货日期。
蓝色为全国前50长沙前50绿色为全国51~100长沙51~100Classification of Issue Topics----整理 by dkflame 按主题分8类:a.当物之急与百年大计(13)b.个体和整体(少数和多数,局部与整体)(64)c.技术进步对人类的影响(28)d.理性和感性(19)e.不同领域间的交流(23)f.统一与分歧(竞争)(49)g.现实和理想(19)h.新与旧(26)------------------------------a.当物之急与百年大计(13) 56/190------------------------------3."It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."--比较与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究,还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫,已经存在的社会问题上. 当务之急和百年大计的关系------------------------------56."Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."--比较政府应该把更多的注意力放在解决当务之急,而不是试图解决将来预期的问题上.时间之当务之急和百年大计------------------------------ "20.“National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."--比较任何一个国家的政府都应该为孩子而不是为成人建设更多的社会项目和服务.孩子和成人之社会建设------------------------------31."Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."--结论花在研究上的资金基本上都是不错的投资,即使研究的结果是有争议的.现实和理想------------------------------44."Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear."--因果政府不应该资助任何后果不明的科学研究,无论是医学方面还是伦理方面的。
政府和科研------------------------------190."As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money."--因果一旦人们限于饥饿,失业或者缺乏谋生的基本技能,运用公共资源去扶植艺术是很不恰当的--并且甚至是残忍的--尤其明知这些资金所有可能的用途.------------------------------121."At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."在过去不同的地质时期,许多的物种因为自然作用而非人类行为而灭绝。
因此,人类社会为了挽救濒危物种而付出的巨大努力,尤其是以大量的资金和工作机会为代价,这样做是毫无道理的。
人类和自然当务之急(资金、工作)和长远考虑(物种)------------------------------242."Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being."--结论社会应该以不计人类的努力,时间和金钱为代价,尝试挽救每一个动植物物种.人类和物种------------------------------211."Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an individual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions."--比较任何一个决定,无论它来自于政府,公司还是个人,都必须更多地考虑将来的情况而不是现在的情况.当务之急和百年大计之决定------------------------------193."It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance."--比较Transformation:change真正具有长远意义的,不是那些被炒作的政治事件,而是那些鲜有报道的社会变化.------------------------------244."Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them."--结论大多数社会都没把最伟大的思想家当回事,虽然有时候这些社会自称是求才若渴的.社会和思想家------------------------------118."In any field of endeavor—the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.—it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."--比较在所有的物质领域中--科学,人文科学,社会科学,工业等等--能否达到目的并不重要,而在争取达到目的的过程中获得的想法和发现才更重要.过程和结果------------------------------64."Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it."--比较很多人懂得如何去获得成功,但是很少有人知道如何最好的去利用成功.Attain and sustain打江山容易,保江山难------------------------------b.个体和整体(少数和多数,局部与整体)(64) 63/72/203/170/8/48/136/208/43/212/25 -----------------------------6."The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth."--问解了解当代文明最有效的途径就是去分析当代年轻人的潮流.文明潮流和年轻人潮流的关系------------------------------63."To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own."--问解为了真正理解你自己的文化--无论你如何去定义它--都至少需要了解另外一种文化,并且该文化与你自己的文化是截然不同的.旁观者清------------------------------10."Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."--因果政府必须要确保主要城市发展所需的财政支持,因为一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以保存和发展.城市和国家的关系之文化传统------------------------------72."One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities."--问解人们可以通过研究一个社会的主要城市来了解它最重要的特点.少数和多数之以小见大------------------------------203."The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."--问解了解一个社会特点最好的办法是去考察被这个社会视为英雄的人们的特点.社会英雄观------------------------------15."The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."--问解一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们极端行为所作出的反应.抽象型题目------------------------------19."If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens."--因果如果一个社会要繁荣就必须将社会整体的成败置于单个社会成员的幸福之上.少数和多数之成功------------------------------105."The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens."--问解一个国家真正的力量可以最好体现在他的政府愿意容忍来自于自己国民的挑战.精英和大众之开明政府------------------------------170."The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."--比较一个伟大国家最真实的体现不是它的统治者,艺术家或者科学家的成就,而是他所有老百姓的普通福利(幸福).社会精英和人民大众the general welfare------------------------------62."The widespread idea that people should make self-improvement a primary goal in their lives is problematic because it assumes that people are intrinsically deficient."--因果认为人们应该把自我进步当作是人生头等大事的流行观点是有问题的,因为这样的观点在假设人们是天生就有缺陷的.------------------------------8."It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."--结论对于政治领导者来说,向人民大众隐瞒信息通常是必要的,甚至是有益的.少数和多数的关系之------------------------------167."It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time.Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician."--因果对于一个英明的政治领导者来说,总是坦白是不可能的.彻底的诚实对于一个政治家来说是无用的美德.领导者问题useful------------------------------108."In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings—trials, debates, meetings, etc.—that are televised, the more society will benefit."--因果在很多国家中,现在通过电视来观看政府的运作已经成为可能.观察这些过程有助于人们了解那些影响他们生活的决策.可以供转播的政府运作越多--审判,辩论,会议等等--对社会的好处就越多.政府和大众之电子政府------------------------------9."Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."--因果近些年来,学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群.除非学者们能拥有影响等大范围的人群,否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处.过分专业化问题overspecialization------------------------------218."In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."--问解任何的艺术作品为了有价值,例如电影,文学,雕塑或者歌曲,都必须让大多数人易于理解.少数和多数之艺术价值------------------------------22."Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."--比较很多人认为只是一些个人或者小团体(比如家庭,朋友,老师,名人)促成了他们的思维和行动.其实一直以来不是一些个人而是社会作为一个整体在定义我们和我们的态度.少数和多数之定义人生------------------------------113."It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."--问解如果我们要定位自己最重要是要定位自己所处的社会团体.少数和多数之自我定位------------------------------145."A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changing social conventions without sacrificing one's principles."convention:.Standard and accepted procedures in programs and system analysis.--问解对于个性的最大考验在于一个人是否能够适应不断变化的社会规范而不牺牲自己的原则. convention:约定,规范.Standard and accepted procedures in programs and systems analysis. ------------------------------200."The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquired through solitude, rather than through interaction with others."--比较Elusive; Abstruse, hard to comprehendSelf-knowledge: knowledge or understandings of one's own capabilities, character, feelings, or motivationsSolitude: alone seclusion最艰深难懂的学问都是自知之明的,这些学问通常都是独立发展起来的而非通过其他学科的交流.少数和多数之自知之明的学问------------------------------23."Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."--因果现代技术使获得大量细节信息成为可能.其结果是人们全神贯注于七零八碎的信息而很少去注意更大的问题和全局.少数和多数之细节信息------------------------------229."The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segments or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole."--比较学习一门新学科或者新技术的最好方法是深入地学习某一个小的部分或者细节,而不是一开始就试图去从整体来把握.整体和局部的关系之伤其十指不如断其一指------------------------------29."Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."--因果像演员,政治家和运动员这样的公众人物应该预料到大众会对他们的私生活感兴趣.当他们希望受人瞩目的时候就应该至少预料到会失去一些隐私.(被大众得知一些隐私)少数和多数之公众人物的隐私------------------------------161."In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."--因果在今天这个媒体铺天盖地的社会中,人们已经很难把任何人当作英雄了.任何人只要是沦为媒体的话题,那么他注定会名声扫地.媒体scrutiny------------------------------185."Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."--因果丑闻--无论是政治,学术还是其他领域--可能会是有用的.丑闻可以用演说家或者改革家无法使用的手段让我们注意到某些问题.------------------------------45."Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve."--比较政府官员应该依靠自己的判断而不是不管三七二十一的遵从人民的意愿。