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专题六非谓语动词核心考点课堂突破高考感悟Ⅰ.单句填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy (care) for and make great presents.5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out(find) the well-known painter.6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman of the Year” for (be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to (retire) from her 36-year-old business.11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attenda private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.12.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.13.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook.2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom told me how to preparing it.3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things,we may become ill.4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.5.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”.6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)If I succeed in manage one,I will open more. 考点归纳考点一非谓语动词的基本形式表具体的或一次性的动作动作考点三非谓语动词作宾语续表begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(动作need,want,require,deserve (义stop to do(stop doing(remember/forget/regret to do(remember/forget/regret doing(go on to do(接着做另外一件事) go on doing(接着做同一件事) try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做) try doing(试着去做)mean to do(打算做,企图做) mean doing(意思是,意味着)考点四 非谓语动词作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。
第六节非谓语动词(对应学生用书第247页)考点一非谓语动词的时态和语态主动形式被动形式动词不定式一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have beendone完成进行式to have been doing动词－ing 形式一般式doing being done完成式having donehaving beendone过去分词只有一种形式done考点二非谓语动词作状语1．不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。
To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
(2)作结果状语，常用结构enough to，too...to...，only to等。
I'm too tired to stay up any longer.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
(3)作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。
I'm very glad to hear the news.我非常高兴听到这个消息。
(4)在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”的结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The question is very difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
2．动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语(1)动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。
Not knowing his address, I can't call on him.由于不知道他的地址，我无法拜访他。
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.由于没有收到回信，他打算再写一封。
专题六非谓语动词考点精讲非谓语动词的形式及句法功能种类时态主动被动主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式一般式to doto bedone√√√√√√进行式to bedoing×完成式tohavedoneto havebeen done动名词一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeen done分词现在一般式doingbeingdone××√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeen done过去一般式done(vi. )表完成done(vt.)表被动与完成××√√√√考点一非谓语动词作定语1．动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后 , 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.她总是第一个来 , 最后一个走。
(主谓关系)Have you got a letter to write?你有信要写吗？(动宾关系)特别提示 : 动词不定式既可用主动式也可用被动式 , 但其含义有所不同。
试比拟 : Do you have anything to send? (动作的执行者是〞你〞)你还邮寄什么东西吗？Do you have anything to be sent ？(动作的执行者是〞我〞或〞别人〞)你还有什么东西要(我或别人)去寄吗？(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等修饰 , 且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时 , 常用动词不定式作定语。
He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最正确人选。
(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时 , 常用不定式作后置定语 , 且不定式常用主动形式。
高三一轮复习非谓语动词动词不定式（to do）、分词(现在分词v+ing，过去分词done)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。
这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。
但可以有逻辑主语。
由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。
由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。
非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。
非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
(一）1、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
2.动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用.E.g. 1.做主语： To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.3..不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．次做两件事等于未做。
4.动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English（二）ing形式：动词的ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
高考英语一轮复习语法点专题讲解非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，顾名思义也确实是不能单独用作谓语的动词（但与助动词结合可构成“进行时态、系表结构、完成时态、被动语态等谓语形式”），非谓语动词在英语句子结构中用法专门广泛、灵活，可充当主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。
现在笔者向同学们作分类介绍：动词不定式一、不定式作主语1.一样置于句首：To see one time is better than to hear one hundred times.2.常见用it代替它作形式主语，而把不定式或不定式结构移到句尾：It's our duty to serve the people．3.在含有不定式作主语的疑问句或感叹句中，一样只用it作形式主语。
常见：Is it a good idea to plant some flowers there？不能够说：*Is to plant some flowers there a good idea？二、不定式作表语连系动词be，seem，appear，get，remain等常用不定式作表语，假如主语部分有实义动词do时，表语常可用不带to的不定式。
例如：My idea is to have a trip on Sunday．The only thing I can do now is wait at home.三、不定式作动词宾语1.动词＋不定式：The girl asked to see the headmaster．常见的跟带to的不定式结构作宾语的动词有：agree，aim，arrange，ask，choose，decide， demand，pretend，expect，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，want，hate 等。
但help后的不定式常可省掉的，如：They helped（to）do the cleaning this morning.2.动词十疑问词（why除外）＋不定式：We must find out what to do next.常见能跟“疑问词十不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：decide，find out，forget，know，learn，remember，see，think，understand，wonder等。
非谓语动词在英语中，不能充当句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词，也称非限定动词。
非谓语动词是高中最重要的语法项目，是历年高考的常考点，非谓语动词包括其三种基本形式，六种主要成分。
一、三种基本形式：动词不定式动词ing形式过去分词:（1）表泛指意义的行为时，多用动名词作主语；表具体的行为或将来的行为，必须用动词不定式作主语，且谓语动词都用单数。
Smoking is prohibited here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)（2）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.It would be best to tell him the truth..动名词用作后置形式主语的情况远远不及不定式那么普通，实际上动名词这种后置形式只限于下列名词或形容词后面。
在good, fun, use, time等名词的后边。
It is no good helping him. He doesn’t help himself.(他自己不争气)It is great fun preparing for a party.It is no use arguing with you.It is a waste of time watching such a lot of TV.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别:(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
第六节非谓语动词(1)——动名词、现在分词和过去分词一、动名词动名词是由动词的ing形式构成，兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。
它可以带有自己的宾语，也能被副词修饰。
动名词有时态和语态的变化，可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
(1)(2016·高考全国乙卷)By doing the parttime job，I can get some precious experience.通过做兼职工作，我可以得到一些宝贵经验。
(2)(2016·高考天津卷)Doing sports as a team has enabled us to know each other better.做团体运动已经能够使我们更加相互了解。
(3)(2015·高考江苏卷)Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.这样野蛮的骑车方式导致了交通混乱。
(4)(2015·高考广东卷)Some students are addicted to playing computer games and some often cheat in the exams.一些学生迷恋玩网络游戏，还有一些经常在考试中作弊。
(5)(2015·高考广东卷)As for cheating in the exams, I will tell them the importance of honesty.至于考试作弊，我会告诉他们诚实的重要性。
(6)(2015·高考重庆卷)As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.俗话说得好，生活没有明确的目标就好像航海没有指南针。
二、现在分词现在分词的一般式：doing；一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。
第六节非谓语动词(对应学生用书第247页)考点一非谓语动词的时态和语态主动形式被动形式动词不定式一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have beendone完成进行式to have been doing动词－ing 形式一般式doing being done完成式having donehaving beendone过去分词只有一种形式done考点二非谓语动词作状语1．不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。
To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
(2)作结果状语，常用结构enough to，too...to...，only to等。
I'm too tired to stay up any longer.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
(3)作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。
I'm very glad to hear the news.我非常高兴听到这个消息。
(4)在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”的结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The question is very difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
2．动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语(1)动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。
Not knowing his address, I can't call on him.由于不知道他的地址，我无法拜访他。
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.由于没有收到回信，他打算再写一封。
(2)动词－ing形式(现在分词)可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。
The children came in, talking and laughing.孩子们进来时边说边笑。
3．过去分词作状语(1)过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
Inspired by his speech, we took action at once.在他演讲的鼓舞下，我们马上行动了起来。
(2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语。
After a day's work, he returned home，exhausted. 工作了一天后，他回到家，疲惫不堪。
4．不定式与动词－ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语的比较不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果；而动词－ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.他匆忙到达车站，结果却发现火车已经出站了。
It rained heavily in the south，causing serious flooding in several provinces.南方下了大雨，造成了几个省严重的洪涝灾害。
5．动词－ing形式(现在分词)与过去分词作状语的比较作状语时，是用动词－ing形式(现在分词)还是过去分词，取决于该动词与主语之间的关系，若为意义上的主动关系，则用动词－ing形式(现在分词)；若为动宾关系，则用过去分词。
Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园更加美丽。
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。
考点三非谓语动词作定语1．不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语时与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，一般要跟相应的介词。
但是，如果不定式修饰的名词是time，place，way等，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。
He has a lot of things to deal with.他有许多事情需要处理。
(2)若名词前有序数词、最高级或no，all，only等修饰，后面一般用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to come to school.他总是第一个到校。
(3)用来修饰抽象名词时常用不定式作定语，常见的有ability，chance，attempt，warning等。
I don't trust his promise to come for a call.我不相信他来访的诺言。
2．动词－ing形式(现在分词)作定语动词－ing形式(现在分词)作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作的主动和进行。
The girl singing on the stage is his sister.在台上唱歌的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
3．过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示动作的被动和完成。
Have you read the novel written by Mo Yan?你看过莫言的那本小说吗？4．to be done, being done与done作定语时的比较This is the problem to be discussed tomorrow.这是明天要讨论的问题。
(表被动、将来)This is the problem being discussed now.这是现在正在讨论的问题。
(表被动、进行)This is the problem discussed yesterday.这是昨天讨论过的问题。
(表被动、完成)考点四非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语1．不定式作宾补(1)常跟不定式作宾补的动词有advise，allow，ask，tell，teach，encourage，cause 等，常构成结构tell sb.to do sth.(以tell为例)。
The teacher encouraged us to write a composition every week.老师鼓励我们每周写一篇作文。
(2)感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带to，但变为被动语态，作主补的不定式需带to。
常见的词有：一感觉：feel；二听：listen to，hear；三使：let，have，make；四看：see，watch，notice，observe等。
另外，help后作宾补的不定式符号to可有可无。
I saw him go into the room just now.我刚才看见他走进了这个屋子。
He was seen to go into the room just now.有人看见他刚才走进了这个屋子。
(3)下列结构中用不定式作主补，例如be said/reported/believed/considered to等。
Our football team is reported to have won the match.据报道，我们的足球队赢得了这场比赛。
2．动词－ing形式(现在分词)作宾补动词－ing形式(现在分词)作宾补时强调宾语发出的动作正在进行。
常见带有这种复合宾语的动词有：六让：make，let，have，get，keep，leave；三看：look at，see，watch；两听：listen to，hear；一注意：notice；一发现：find；一感觉：feel等。
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人喊救命吗？3．过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补时其动词形式与宾语发出的动作有逻辑上的被动关系，且表示完成。
Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.在史密斯先生度假期间，他家被盗了。
考点五非谓语动词作宾语1．有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语，常见的有agree，afford，decide，determine，expect，hope，manage，refuse，offer，pretend，wish，promise等。
We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasn't turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但她到现在还未露面。
2．有些动词或短语只能跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，常见的有admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，escape，excuse，imagine，mind，miss(错过)，risk，suggest, be used to(习惯于)，can't stand(无法忍受)，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote to，stick to，object to，get down to等。
He got well－prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
3．有些动词既可跟不定式又可跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，意义区别不大，但表示经常性的动作常用动词－ing形式(动名词)，表示具体的动作常用不定式，常见的有begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer等。
I like playing/to play football. 我喜欢踢足球。
4．有些动词或短语既可跟不定式又可跟动词－ing形式(动名词)作宾语，但意义有着明显的区别，常见的有：①forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)②remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)③try to do sth. 尽力去做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事④regret to do sth. 对即将做的事感到遗憾(未做)regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)⑤stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事(此处不定式作状语)stop doing sth. 停止做某事⑥mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事⑦go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事⑧can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事—That would mean wasting a lot of labor.那将意味着浪费很多劳动力。
