考研英语长句的翻译基本技巧及方法

(圆满版)英语长句子翻译技巧英语长句子翻译技巧关于每一个英语句子的翻译 , 其实不不过使用一种翻译方法 , 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用 , 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得特别突出。

长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为屡次 , 所以也就成为研究生入学考试的要点 , 经过对近来几年来试题的解析我们能够看出 , 所察看的绝大部分划线的部分都是长句。

在翻译长句时 , 第一，不要由于句子太长而产生害怕心理，由于，不论是多么复杂的句子，它都是由一些基本的成分构成的。

其次要弄清英语原文的句法构造 , 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思 , 此后解析几层意思之间的互相逻辑关系 , 再依据汉语的特色和表达方式 , 正确地译出原文的意思 , 不用拘泥于原文的形式。

英语长句的解析一般来说 ,造成长句的原由有三方面: (1)修饰语过多;(2)并列成分多; (3)语言构造层次多。

在解析长句时能够采纳下边的方法:(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语 , 从整体上掌握句子的构造。

(2)找出句中全部的谓语构造、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的指引词。

(3)解析从句和短语的功能 , 比方 , 能否为主语从句 , 宾语从句 , 表语从句等 ,假如状语 , 它是表示时间、原由、结果、仍是表示条件等等 ) 。

(4)解析词、短语和从句之间的互相关系 , 比方 , 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

(5)注意插入语等其余成分。

(6)注意解析句子中能否有固定词组或固定搭配英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的见解 , 而汉语则不一样样样 , 经常使用若干短句 , 作有条不紊的表达。

所以 , 在进行英译汉时 , 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差别 , 将英语的长句分解 , 翻译成汉语的短句。

在英语长句的翻译过程中 , 我们一般采纳以下的方法。

(1)序次法。

当英语长句的内容的表达层次与汉语基本一致时 , 能够依据英语原文的序次翻译成汉语。

（2) 逆序法。

英语有些长句的表达序次与汉语表达习惯不一样样样 , 甚至圆满相反 , 这时必然从原文后边开始翻译。

考研英语的长难句考研英语的长难句篇1一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。

有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。

例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。

这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。

译为：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。

二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出，相比较要容易一些，大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。

三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。

例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。

因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。

四、综合法另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。

即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。

例如：“The phenomenon y in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。

英语长句的翻译方法一、顺译法顺译法就是直接按照原文的顺序进行翻译。

当英语长句所叙述的内容在逻辑关系、顺序及结构层次上与汉语思维一致时，一般采用顺译法。

例如：Sometimes an innocent person who is involved in an accident is crippled for life and the person who caused the accident might not have the money to pay him for years——but the insurance company does.译文：有时事故中的无辜受害者终身残废，而肇事者就是拖上几年也拿不出钱来赔偿，可是保险公司却赔得起。

这个句子中出现了由and连接的两个并列的定语从句。

前一个定语从句表达的意思是：事故中的无辜受害者终身残废。

后一个定语从句表达的意思是：肇事者就是拖上几年也拿不出钱来赔偿。

最后，以but为首的转折部分的意思是：可是保险公司赔得起。

这三部分内容在逻辑上与汉语的思维表达是一致的，因此我们可以顺译。

例如：And I will lay you ten to one that after you have answered the questions，and explained how to find the information，and why you want it，the clerk will go off and get one of the other clerks to help him try to find Garcia——and then come back and tell you there is no such man.译文：我敢跟你打个十赔一的赌，当你回答完这些问题，当你说明了怎样查以及你为什么要查之后，这个职员会离去并找其他职员协助他找加西亚——然后回来时他会说，这个人根本不存在。

2023考研英语：长句被动语态的翻译方法1500字长句被动语态的翻译方法在英语语法中，被动语态是一种常用的句式，包含有动词的被动形式，其主语是动作的承受者。

在翻译中，长句被动语态的处理需要考虑语义准确和语言流畅的问题。

下面将介绍一些翻译长句被动语态的方法。

1. 完整译法完整译法是最常用的方法，直接将被动语态的结构保留下来，在译文中保持相应的被动形式。

例如，“The report will be submitted by the end of the week.”可以译为“这份报告将在本周末前提交。

”这种方法适用于对句子结构保持原貌的情况，但需要注意的是，有时直译过来的句子可能在目标语言中表达不够自然，所以需要在语义和流畅性上进行适当调整。

2. 改变结构有时，为了使译文更符合目标语言的表达习惯，可以通过改变句子结构来翻译长句被动语态。

例如，“The project was completed ahead of schedule by the whole team.”可以译为“整个团队提前完成了这个项目。

”这样的句子结构更符合中文的表达习惯，使译文更自然流畅。

这种方法适用于原文句子的结构较复杂或在目标语言中表达不够准确的情况，但需要注意的是，改变句子结构可能会导致语义上的偏差，需要在翻译过程中准确把握原文的意思。

3. 使用主动语态有时，在目标语言中，被动语态的表达习惯不如主动语态常见。

这时可以考虑将被动语态转换为主动语态来翻译。

例如，“He was given a medal for his bravery.”可以译为“因为他的勇敢，他被授予了一枚勋章。

”这种方法适用于目标语言中主动语态比被动语态更常见的情况，但需要注意的是，转换成主动语态可能会导致一些语义和逻辑上的变化，需要在翻译过程中进行准确判断和调整。

4. 省略被动结构有时，在译文中，可以通过省略被动结构来实现翻译。

例如，“The book was written by a famous author.”可以译为“这本书是一位著名作者所写。

考研英语：如何翻译英语长难句什么是英语长句，特点和分析方法复合长句即包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的句子。

英语多长句，这是因为英语可以有后置定语。

扩展的后置定语可以是带从句或长修饰语的复杂句。

长句在科技性的文体中的出现频率很高，因此也就成为研究生英语考试的重点。

通过对近年来试题的分析，我们可以看出，所考的绝大多数都是长句。

这些句子结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。

但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。

只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。

在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。

61.什么是英语长句？英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。

所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。

从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句；③状语从句。

62.英语长句的特点是什么？一般说来，英语长句有如下几个特点：1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多；2）常须根据上下文作词义的引申；3）常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断；4）并列成分多；5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长；6）习惯搭配和成语经常出现。

63.英语长句的分析方法是什么？1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词；3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系；4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

长句翻译的步骤举例：经典例题470 In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 分析：第一，拆分句子：这个长句可以拆分为四段：In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days. 第二，句子的结构分析：（1）主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语：I met a boy…。

考研英语长难句翻译攻克方法考生普遍认为难度较大的是长难句的理解与翻译，这些句子一般为多个从句，因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及从句之间的关系。

然而，“看花容易，绣花难”，究竟该如何攻克考研英语中的难点长难句呢?下面考研1号为广大考生总结了以下对策：一、观其“形”这里的“形”指的是从比较中总结这类句子的特点。

长难句其实并不难，它仅仅是将多个从句或者较复杂的从句呈现在了考生面前，只要了解考查点，熟悉从句几种形式，再复杂的长句也称不上难句了。

长难句的一般形式包括名词性从句，形容词性从句(即定语从句)，状语从句。

其中，名词性从句又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

为了同学们更便于理解，接下来给大家分别举几个例子助“消化”。

例一：Robert Fulton oncewrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels,etc. ,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet , considering them as anexhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea."【句子主干】Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down…, like a …, considering them as…, in which a…”【语法难点】1)like…分句是省略了who 的主语从句中的分句，considering…分句是现在分词引导的状语从句。

这个状语从句可以拿到句首，也可以在句尾。

一般来说较长的状语从句置于句尾，较短的置于句首，为的是使句子看上去显得简洁一些。

凯程考研，为学员效劳，为学生领路！考研英语长难句翻译技巧总结词类转译：在英译汉过程中，有些句子能够逐词对译，有些句子那么由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同样，就不能够逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译此后，方可使译文显得畅达、自然；对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。

1、转译成动词。

英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。

The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.植物没有特地的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。

〔名词转译〕As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。

2、转译成名词。

英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可变换成汉语中的名词。

The earth on which we live is shaped a ball.我们居住的地球，形状像一个大球。

〔动词转译〕The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded.医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。

〔形容词变换〕3、转译成形容词。

英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，常常可转译成汉语中的形容词。

别的，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也常常随之转译成汉语中的形容词。

It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.使用雷达探测水下目标是没适用的。

〔作表语的名词转译〕The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man.太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。

〔副词转译〕4、转译成副词。

英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。

Whenhe catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist,his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和幽默将这些人争取过来。

考研英语长句翻译基本功长句翻译顺序法长句翻译逆序法长句翻译分句法长句翻译综合法长句翻译顺序法英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念，而汉语则不同，常常使用若干短句，作层次分明的叙述。

因此，在进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解，翻译成汉语的短句。

在英语长句的翻译过程中，我们一般采取下列的方法。

(1) 顺序法。

当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。

例如：例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep，electricity is working for us，driving our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题)分析：该句子由一个主句，三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成，共有五层意思： A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时；B.电仍在为我们工作； C. 帮我们开动电冰箱； D. 加热水； E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。

上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致，因此，我们可以通过顺序法，把该句翻译成：即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。

例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited，and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”，the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题)分析：该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”，it为形式主语，that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构，其中，不定式作主语，the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。

英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子，很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。

那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技，希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连，跟汉语相近的长句时，按原句的自然顺序进行翻译，并根据具体情况，适当增加或省略有关的连接词。

例如：例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明，演说过于拖沓，演说者在某一点上讲的太多，或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。

例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。

PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，颠倒次序进行翻译。

一般来说，英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多，所以在翻译实践中，倒译通常要多于顺译。

例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长，那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求，尚不得而知。

英语长句汉译技巧之“五步法”——以考研英语试题为例翻译英语长句是考生倍感头痛的难题，往往得分较低。

各种翻译教程、辅导用书甚至英语教师都给出一定的翻译技巧，以供学生参考，比如拆分法、综合法、顺译法、逆译法、结构法等，然而实际动手翻译时，常常由于学生的阅读理解能力有限，上述翻译技巧其实并不怎么奏效，反而因为操作性不强，使得考生为其所累。

本文旨在探讨一种操作性较强的翻译方法——“五步法”，以期对考生有所帮助。

1.五步法所谓“五步法”，具体地说，分为五个步骤：第一步，找出句中的所有动词（短语）。

第二步，在所有动词（短语）中剔除之前没有that，which，where 等关系代词或关系副词，以及because，when，if等连词的动词（短语），同时剔除含有不定式和独立分词的动词（短语），剩下的动词（短语）（一个或多个）即为该句的谓语动词（短语）。

第三步，确立句子的基本结构类型，一般有七种句型：主-动-补结构（SVC），主-动结构（SV），主-动-宾结构（SVO），主-动-宾-宾结构（SVoO），主-动-宾-布结构（SVOC），主-动-状结构（SVA）和主-动-宾-状结构（SVOA）。

第四步，翻译。

该步骤又分两小步，先翻译句子的基本结构，再翻译句子的其他部分。

其他部分在语法上或修饰，或解释，或补充，或说明，不一而足，但都要按独立的成分处理。

第五步，按照汉语表达习惯对基本结构及其余部分的译文进行整理。

这种译法基于两个假设，其一，多数学生的英语语法知识不尽如人意，而实际语法分析能力则更欠缺，所以面对一个复杂的英语长句常常束手无策；其二，多数学生的汉语表达能力不是很理想，因此很容易受制于英语句式的干扰而写出不伦不类的“洋泾浜”汉语。

如果上述两个假设成立，那么相较众多参考书中提及的翻译技巧而言，本文所倡导使用的翻译方法就可以有效解决考生的英语语法能力不够及汉语表达能力不济的问题。

下面结合具体例句进行详细说明。

2.示例例1：...yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless，it strikes one that，for all their diversity of styles，these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges，beyond that of decoration and creative expression.（2013年考研试题）如果没有扎实的英语语法分析能力，弄懂此句意思并非易事，更遑论翻译成可接受的汉语。

考研英语翻译长句的四大方法考研英语翻译长句的四大方法【例句】A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.Step1：找主干翻译的前提是读懂句子，第一步就是分析语法结构，找准句子主干。

哪怕结构再复杂的句子，都有且只有一个主干，认准谓语动词，主干就很好找。

这句话的主干就是：Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life.Step2：分析句子结构找准主干之后，剩下的就都是修饰成分。

把这些修饰成分和修饰的对象都找出来，一一对应，整理清楚，句子的语法结构也就明了了。

在此句中，A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology为状语，修饰主干；for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation也是状语，修饰主干；in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions为状语中的定语从句，修饰”situation”；（that）they were called upon to perform是定语从句中的定语从句，修饰”actions”。

考研英语的翻译八大技巧考研英语的翻译八大技巧翻译题是英语考试的必备项目，虽然分值不高，但能体现出英语水平的高低。

下面是店铺为大家整理的英语考研的答题技巧，希望大家能够从中有所收获!1. 重译法(Repetition)在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。

重译法有如下三大作用：一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。

We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.译文：我们倡导和平共处的原则，这项原则在广大亚非国家越来越受欢迎。

2. 增译法(Amplification)为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯，必须增加一些词语。

A new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless -is attracting increasing attention.译文：一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。

3. 减译法(Omission)和其他一切事物一样，翻译也是有增必有减。

理解了增译法之后也就明白了减译法，它是增译法的反面。

These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.译文：这些发展中国家地域辽阔、人口众多、资源丰富。

4. 词类转译法(Conversion)在翻译时，由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须改变词类，这就是词类转译法，这种方法不仅指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。

考研英语翻译题技巧大全考研英语翻译题技巧大全考研英语翻译题技巧一、词类转译法由于英语和汉语是两中悬殊甚大的不同的语言体系，所以在语言结构与表达方式上都存在很大的差异，这就要求我们对原文中的一些词语的词性进行转化(如：动词转化为名词，形容词转化为名词等)，才能使译文畅通。

例如：The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology.当今世界的科学技术正在迅速地发展。

[分析]将句中的形容词rapid转译为汉语中的副词。

二、增补法有些英语字句如果照字面的意思翻译，意念是不完整的，必须根据意义、修辞或句法的需要增补一些汉语，才能更加忠实于原文，使原文的思想更完整地再现。

例如：We need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially in cities.我们需要清新的空气，但遗憾的是，空气污染普遍存在，在城市中尤其如此。

[分析]本句为了避免“尤其是在城市里”的表达不完整，增加了“如此”。

三、省译法由于英语和汉语在用词和语法结构上的差异，原文中的某些词如果直译出来会使译文显得累赘，不符合汉语的表达习惯。

在这种情况下，就要省略一些冠词、代词、介词或连词等省去不译，但是不能影响原文的意义表达。

例如：There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.天未下雪，但叶落草枯。

[分析]在汉语中“叶落”的概念非常清楚，所以省译了from the trees。

四、顺译法也就是说按照英语表达的层次顺序，依次翻译英语句子，从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。

例如：He could see that she had been patient all her life, so that now, after years of it, her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile.他看得出，她一生含辛茹苦，如今苦尽甘来，嘴边总是带着温柔、圣洁的微笑。

英语长句翻译的五种方法一、英语长句翻译所涉及的基本问题科技英语具有逻辑性强、结构严密、表达明确等特点。

这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。

英语长句后置修饰语多，并列成份多，句法结构复杂，层次重叠。

因此，进行长句翻译时，要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。

二、长句翻译的基本方法英语长句汉译时主要采用下列五种方法：顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。

(一)顺译法顺译法是指在英译汉过程中，按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序，依次译出的翻译方法。

It is important to remember that the composition of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification，and such variations in composition，impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties．重要的是要记住，给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化，这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化，将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。

原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。

由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是基本一致的，因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。

The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches of the profession developing consumer goods，such as the materials of construction and industry，including steel，timber，concrete and many other materials；and engaging the modern application and use of steam，electric and gas power enginesand machines．土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和其他部门提供的产品。

考研英语长句翻译的方法考研英语长句翻译的方法考研翻译基础－－长句的译法长句的翻译实际上是多种翻译方法的综合应用，在翻译时，考生首先要弄清原文结构，找出中心思想及各层意思，分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按照汉语特点和表达方式正确译出，不拘泥于原文的形式。

常用的方法有顺序法、逆序法、分译法、综合法等。

例1：The Committee prepared this paper because its members recognized that the government has failed to establish an energy policy capable of providing a comprehensive energy source that can meet our requirements for the last portion of this century and the greater portion of the next.简析：如时间或逻辑顺序与中文表达一致，可采用顺译法。

这句话有四个句子组成，一个从属一个，为一种纵向关系，所以顺序译法。

第3句由于capable引导的词组较长，中间还有动名词providing作为定语，置于所修饰的名词policy之后，译的时候为紧凑可置于policy之前。

译文：该委员会制订这份文件，是因为该委员会的成员看到政府已不能制订一个能够提供全面，以满足我们在本世纪和下大半世纪的需要。

例2：Primary colors are colors in terms of which all other colors may be described, or from which all other colors may be evolved by mixture.简析：若原文的次序与汉语表达习惯不同，或完全相反，汉译时可采用逆译法。

在英语中，名词、代词、形容词或动名词作定语时一般放在所修饰名词前面；从句和各种短语作定语时则放在所修饰的名词之后。

2023考研英语：长句被动语态的翻译方法1500字被动语态在英语中是十分常见的一种句子结构。

在2023考研英语中，长句被动语态的翻译方法是考生需要掌握的重要技巧之一。

本文将介绍长句被动语态的翻译方法，并提供一些实用的技巧和例句供考生参考。

一、长句被动语态的翻译方法长句的被动语态翻译方法可以概括为以下几点：1. 理解动词的被动意义：被动语态中，动作的承受者成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者则成为句子的宾语。

因此，在翻译过程中，需要明确理解动词的被动意义，将动作的承受者作为主语进行翻译。

2. 确定被动结构：被动语态的主要特征是助动词“be”加上动词的过去分词形式。

因此，翻译中需要确定被动结构，并将助动词“be”翻译为相应的形式（如am，is，are，was，were等）。

3. 倒装结构的正确运用：当被动句的主语是长句且含有多个成分时，为了保持句子的平衡和流畅性，常常需要使用倒装结构。

在翻译过程中，需要注意倒装结构的正确运用，保持句子的语序一致。

4. 知识点的灵活运用：在翻译过程中，灵活运用各种语法、词汇和语义知识是非常重要的。

考生可以运用动词的时态、人称和语态等知识点，以及词汇的同义替换和语义的转换等方法，使译文更加准确、流畅。

二、实用技巧和例句下面将介绍一些实用的技巧和例句，帮助考生更好地掌握长句被动语态的翻译方法。

1. 知识点的灵活运用：例如，原句为：“The bridge was built last year.”（这座桥是去年修建的。

）翻译时可以运用词汇的同义替换，将“built”替换为“constructed”，并利用时态的变化，将“was”翻译为“被”，得到译文：“The bridge was constructed last year.”（这座桥是去年修建的。

）2. 倒装结构的运用：例如，原句为：“The results of the experiment have been summarized in the following table.”（实验结果已总结于下表中。

考研英语长句翻译常用方法及句子结构分析（Analysis of the commonly used methods and sentence structure of long sentencesin English study）English is used to express complex concepts in long sentences, while Chinese is different, often using a few short sentences as a hierarchical narrative. Therefore, in the English to Chinese translation, we should pay special attention to the differences between English and Chinese, and break down the long sentences of English into Chinese short sentences.First, sequential methodWhen the content of English long sentences is basically the same as that of Chinese, they can be translated into Chinese according to the order of the English text, so that the order of the translation is basically the same as that of the English text. Such as:But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their expectation of life, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84 version)Analysis: the sentence structure is "It, is, realized, that"..." The it is the form subject, the that guides the subject clause, and the it is even possible to of the juxtaposition... Structure in which the infinitive acts as the subject, the, time... "Expectation of life", to further explain its meaning, and behind the time sentence is its attributive clause. The five predicate structures express the meaning offour levels:A. but now people realize that..;B., some of these minerals are limited in reserves;C. people can even reasonably estimate how many years the minerals are expected to exist";D. the time that these known mineral sources and reserves will be depleted.According to the translation method of the appositive clause, the expression of fourth layer of meaning to make the appropriate adjustments to the whole sentence translation:But now it is realized that the reserves of some minerals are limited, it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their "expectation of life", that is to say, after a number of years, these minerals all known sources and reserves will be exhausted.Two, reverse order methodIn some English sentences, the order of expression is different from that in Chinese. Even the opposite is true. It is necessary to begin translating from the beginning of the text. In Chinese, modifiers and adverbial modifiers are often located in the modifier before; in English, many modifiers are often located in the modifier, so the translation to the original word order often reversed. This method is usually used for translation,namely before and after the exchange of English sentences in Chinese expressions, are all upside down by Italian group or, the principle is that the Chinese sentence general logical order in accordance with Chinese ethical narrative.Such as:It, therefore, becomes, more, and, important, that, if, students, are, to, waste, their, opportunities, there, will, have, to, be, much, not, more, detailed,, information, about, more, courses, advice., and, moreAnalysis: the sentence consists of a main clause, an adverbial clause of condition and an object clause,"...... "It is becoming more and more important, is the central content of the whole sentence, the sentence has three predicate structure, meaning Bao Hansan:A....... Become more and more important;B. if students are to make the most of their opportunities;C. has to provide them with a lot of more detailed information and more guidance.In order to make the translation conform to the Chinese expression habit, we can adopt the reverse order method:Therefore, if students are to make the best of their opportunities, they have to provide them with more detailed information about the course and give more guidance. Thisproblem is becoming more and more important.Three inclusionThis method is mostly used in English Chinese translation. The so-called "inclusion" means that when English long sentences are translated into Chinese, the English postposition elements are placed in the center word according to the normal Chinese word order, and the modifiers are formed in the Chinese sentence. However, the modifier should not be too long, otherwise it will cause procrastination or cause the entanglement of Chinese sentence elements in the connection. Such as:You, are, the, representative, of, country, and, of, a, a, continent, to, which,, China, feels, particularly, close.You are a representative of countries and continents that make China feel more friendly. What brings, US, together, is, that, we, have, common, interests, which, transcend, those, differences., what brings us together is that we have common interests that transcend these differences.Four and clause methodSometimes a long English sentence subject or clause and attributive words is not very close, translation can use short sentences according to Chinese habits, the long sentence clause or phrase into a sentence to describe separately. In order to make the semantic coherence, sometimes need to increase the appropriate word, which is to take the method of translation will break up the whole into parts of the English sentences intoseveral independent sentences, the order is essentially the same, and keep the consistency.Television it, is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. (85 version)Analysis: in this sentence, a phrase "it is often said insertion, three parallel structure and a predicate, attributive clause, the three parallel predicate structure although belong to the same sentence structure, but have independent significance, so in translation, can be applied to the clause method the whole sentence into several independent clauses in accordance with the Chinese habit of translation:It is often said that television shows current events and the latest developments in science and politics. You can also see new programs that are both educational and entertaining.Five, recombinant methodRefers to in English Chinese translation, in order to make the translation smooth and more in line with the Chinese habit of narrative logic, on the basis of clear structure, understand English original English long sentences on, get rid of the original word order and sentence form of the sentence re combination. Such as:Decision must be made very rapidly, physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of timemust be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.A lot of time must be spent ensuring that key people act on the same intelligence and purpose, which is a test of physical endurance and mental ability. Therefore, once mature is taken into consideration, decision makers should make decisions quickly.Six, comprehensive methodIt tells us the reverse order law, English sentences and clauses, in fact, in a translation of long English sentences, not simply the use of a translation, but to the comprehensive use of various methods, which cited in the above example also reflected. Again, some simple English sentences using any of the above methods are not convenient, which requires careful analysis of our time, or in accordance with the order, or according to the logical order, reverse the combination, to prioritize the whole sentence comprehensive treatment, so that the original text translated into English Chinese sentences faithful. Such as:People, were, afraid, to, their, houses, for, although, the, police, been, ordered, to, stand, by, in, of, emergency, case, they, were, just, as, had, confused, and,, helpless, leave, as, anybody, else.Analysis: the sentence has three meanings: A: people do not dare to go out; B: Although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency; C: police and others at a loss andincapable of action. In these three meanings, B means concession, C stands for cause, and A means result. According to the Chinese habit order, we can translate sentences into..:Although the police had been ordered to prepare for emergencies, people were afraid to go out because the police were as helpless and helpless as anyone else.Many students don't know the scoring criteria of the postgraduate entrance examination English translation. The following question is discussed from the macro and micro aspects.First of all, it is difficult to grasp the key points of practice when it is not clear about the scoring standards. This is the confusion often encountered by the students when they are doing translation exercises.According to the requirements of the postgraduate entrance examination, the examinee reads a short essay of about 400 words and translates 5 of the underlined parts (about 150 words) into chinese. The translation requirements are accurate and fluent. These two aspects are complementary, understanding of the original is the premise of smooth expression, no correct understanding, even Chinese expression to be more accurate in vain, therefore the proposition first will examine the candidate's ability to understand. Fluent Chinese sentence meaning meaning is relatively smooth, but the correct understanding does not mean that we can naturally express. Usually, the expression is to adjust the sentence structure of the original text to make it more in line with Chineseexpressions,如：对英语语言在交际中的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。