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必修四Unit 1词汇表achievement [ə'tʃi:vmənt] n. 成就；功绩△Joan of Arc 圣女贞德（法国民族女英雄）△Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白·弗赖伊（英国慈善家）△Quaker n.教友派信徒；贵格会会员welfare ['welfεə] n. 福利；福利事业project ['prɔdʒekt] n. 项目；工程；规划institute ['institjut] n. 学会；学院；协会△China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会specialist ['speʃəlist] n. 专家；专业工作者△specialize ['speʃəlaiz] vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于△Jane Goodall 简·古道尔(英国动物学家)△chimp [tʃimp] n. （非洲）黑猩猩connection [kə'nekʃən] n. 连接；关系human being人类△Jody Williams 乔迪·威廉斯（美国诺贝尔和平奖得者）campaign[kæm'pein] n. 运动；战役vi. 作战；参加运动△landmine ['lændmain] n. 地雷organization [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən] n. 组织；机构；团体△Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公园 (位于坦桑尼亚) behave [bi'heiv] vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour [bi'heivjə] n. (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性shade [ʃeid] n. 荫；阴凉处vt. 遮住光线move off离开；起程；出发worthwhile ['wə:θ'hwail] adj. 值得的；值得做的nest [nest] n. 巢；窝bond [bɔnd] n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带observe [əb'zə:v] vt. 观察；观测；遵守observation [,ɔbzə:'veiʃən] n. 观察；观测childhood ['tʃaildhud] n. 童年；幼年时代outspoken [,aut'spəukən] adj. 直言的；坦诚respect[ri'spekt] vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意argue ['ɑ:ɡjut] vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论argument ['ɑ:ɡjumənt] n. 争论；争辩；争吵entertainment [,entə'teinmənt] n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演lead a … life 过着……的生活crowd [kraud] n. 人群；观众vt. 挤满；使拥挤crowd in（想法；问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海inspire [in'spaiə] vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示△inspiration [,inspə'reiʃən] n. 灵感；鼓舞support [sə'pɔ:t] n. & vt. 支持；拥护look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起refer [ri'fə:] vi. 谈到；查阅；参考refer to查阅；参考；谈到audience ['ɔ:diəns] n. 观众；听众；读者by chance碰巧；凑巧come across（偶然）遇见；碰见△career [kə'riə] n. 事业；生涯rate [reit] n. 比率；速度sickness ['siknis] n. 疾病；恶心intend [in'tend] vt. 计划；打算emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] n. 突发事件；紧急情况generation [,dʒenə'reiʃən] n. 一代；一辈△determination [di,tə:mi'neiʃən] n. 决心；果断kindness ['kaindnis] n. 仁慈；好意considerate [kən'sidərit] adj. 考虑周到的consideration [kən,sidə'reiʃən] n. 考虑；体谅deliver[di'livə] vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等）carry on继续；坚持modest ['mɔdist] adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的必修四Unit 2词汇表statistic [stə'tistik] n.（常用pl statistics）数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料sunburnt ['sʌnbə:nt] adj. 晒黑的struggle['strʌɡl] vt. & vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力decade ['dekeid] n. 十年；十年期super ['sju:pə] adj. 特级的；超级的△hybrid ['haibrid] adj. 混合的；杂种的n. 杂交种；混血儿output ['autput, ,aut'put] n. 产量；输出△strain [strein] n.（植物的）品种；种类crop [krɔp] n. 庄稼；农作物；产量hunger ['hʌŋɡə] n. 饥饿；欲望vt. & vi. （使）饥饿disturbing[di'stə:biŋ] adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的expand[ik'spænd] vt. & vi. 使变大；伸展circulate ['sə:kjuleit] vt. & vi. 循环；流传Vietnam [.vjet'næm]n.越南（东南亚国家）thanks to幸亏；由于；因为battle['bætl] n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗rid [rid] vt. 摆脱；除去rid … of 摆脱；除去be satisfied with对……感到满意freedom ['fri:dəm] n. 自由；自主would rather宁愿；宁可therefore['ðεəfɔ:] adj. 因此；所以；因而equip [i'kwip] vt. & vi. 配备；装备△sorghum ['sɔ:ɡəm] n. 高粱grain [ɡrein] n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒△peanut ['pi:nʌt] n. 花生export [ik'spɔ:t] vt. & vi. 输出；出口nationality [,næʃən'æliti] n. 国籍occupation [,ɔkju'peiʃən] n. 工作；职业；占领△personality [,pə:sə'næləti] n. 性格；个性；人格confuse [kən'fju:z] vt. 使迷惑；使为难regret[ri'ɡret] vt. 遗憾；惋惜n. 遗憾；懊悔chemical ['kemikəl] adj. 化学的；关于化学的△organic [ɔ:'ɡænik] adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的△fertile ['fə:tail] adj. 肥沃的；富饶的△fertilizer ['fə:tilaizə] n. 肥料；化肥production [prəu'dʌkʃən] n. 生产；制造bacteria [bæk'tiəriə] n. (bacterium的复数形式) 细菌pest [pest] n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟build up逐渐增强；建立；开发lead to导致；造成（后果）nutrition [nju:'triʃən] n. 营养；滋养；食物mineral ['minərəl] n. 矿物；矿石discovery [dis'kʌvəri] n. 发现；发觉focus ['fəukəs] n. 焦点；中心点vt. 集中；聚集focus on集中（注意力、精力等）于soil [sɔil] n. 土壤reduce [ri'dju:s, -'du:s] vt. 减少；减缩keep … free from/of使……免受（影响；伤害等）；使……不含（有害物）△soybean ['sɔibi:n] n. (= soyabean) 大豆root [ru:t, rut] n. 根；根源skim [skim] vt. 浏览；略读underline [,ʌndə'lain, 'ʌndəlain] vt. 画底线标出；强调summary ['sʌməri] n. 总结；摘要；概要comment['kɔment] n. 评论；议论vi. & vt. 表达意见；作出评论△producer [prəu'dju:sə] n. 生产者；制片人△industrial [in'dʌstriəl] adj. 工业的；产业的必修四Unit 3词汇表humour ['hju:mə] n. 幽默；滑稽△punchline ['pʌntʃlain] n. 故事；笑话等中的妙语；关键语△verbal ['və:bəl] adj. 口头的△nonverbal [nɔn'və:bəl] adj. 不用语言的△mime [maim] n. 哑剧△Charlie Chaplin 查理·卓别林（英国喜剧大师）△Edward Lear 爱德华·李尔（英国作家、画家）comedy ['kɔmidi] n. 喜剧△Victor Hugo 维克多·雨果（法国文学家）up to now直到现在△brighten ['braitən] vt. 使更愉快；使更有希望△depressed [di'prest] adj. 忧愁的；沮丧的content ['kɔntent] adj. 满足的；满意的n. 满足vt. 使满足feel/be content with对……满足performer [pə'fɔ:mə] n. 表演者；演出者astonish [ə'stɔniʃ] vt. 使惊诧astonishing [ə'stɔniʃiŋ] adj. 令人感到惊讶的fortunate ['fɔ:tʃənit] adj. 幸运的；吉利的unfortunately [ʌn'fɔ:tʃənətli] adv. 不幸地badly off穷的；缺少的△teens ['ti:nz] n. 十几岁（13至19岁的年龄）ordinary ['ɔ:dinəri] adj. 平常的；普通的bored [bɔ:d] adj. 厌烦的△subtle ['sʌtl] adj. 微妙的；精巧的；技艺精湛的entertain [,entə'tein] vt. & vi. 使欢乐；款待△entertaining [,entə'teiniŋ] adj. 愉快的；有趣的△charming ['tʃɑ:miŋ] adj. 迷人的；有魅力的△tramp [træmp] n. 流浪汉；行乞者throughout [θru:'aut] prep. 遍及；贯穿adv. 到处；始终；全部homeless ['həumlis] adj. 无家的；无家可归的moustache [mə'stɑ:ʃ] n. 小胡子worn [wɔ:n] adj. 用旧的；用坏的；破烂的△worn-out ['wɔ:n'aut] adj. 磨破的；穿旧的△stiffly ['stifli] adv. 僵硬地failure ['feiljə] n. 失败（者）△optimism['ɔptimizəm] n. 乐观；乐观主义overcome [,əuvə'kʌm] vt. & vi. 战胜；克服△underdog ['ʌndədɔɡ] n. 失败者；处于劣势的一方△snowstorm ['snəustɔ:m] n. 暴风雪leather ['leðə] n. 皮革pick out挑出；辨别出△lace [leis] n. 饰带；花边；鞋带cut off切断；断绝chew [tʃu:] vt. & vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼（食物）△mouthful ['mauθfu l] n. 一口；满口△enjoyment [in'dʒɔimənt] n. 享受；欢乐；乐趣convince [kən'vins] vt. 使信服convincing [kən'vinsiŋ] adj. 令人信服的direct[di'rekt, dai-] vt. & vi. 导演；指示；指挥adj. 直的；直接的；直率的star in担任主角；主演△Oscar n.奥斯卡outstanding [,aut'stændiŋ] adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的Switzerland n.瑞士（欧洲中部国家）△confidence ['kɔnfidəns] n. 信心；信念△costume ['kɔstju:m] n. 服装；戏装gesture ['dʒestʃə] n. 姿态；手势vi. 做手势particular [pə'tikjulə] adj. 特殊的；特别的n. 细节；细目particularly [pə'tikjuləli] adv. 特殊地；特别地occasion [ə'keiʒən, əu-] n. 时刻；场合budget ['bʌdʒit] n. 预算；开支actress ['æktris] n. 女演员slide [slaid] vt. & vi. （使）滑动；（使）滑行n. 滑；滑动；幻灯片amuse [ə'mju:z] vt. 使发笑；使愉快△amusing [ə'mju:ziŋ] adj. 好笑的；有趣的pancake ['pænkeik] n. 烙饼；薄饼explanation [,eksplə'neiʃən] n. 解释；讲解；说明detective [di'tektiv] n. 侦探△Sherlock Holmes n.夏洛克·福尔摩斯mountainous ['mauntinəs] adj. 多山的；山一般的whisper ['wispə] n. 耳语；低语vt. & vi. 低语；小声说vast [vɑ:st, væst] adj. 巨大的；辽阔的△rhythm ['riðəm] n. 节奏mess [mes] n. 脏或乱的状态react [ri'ækt] vi. 作出反应；回应porridge ['pɔridʒ] n. 粥；麦片粥drunk [drʌŋk] adj. 醉的必修四Unit 4词汇表statement ['steitmənt] n. 陈述；说明greet [ɡri:t] vi. & vt. 迎接；问候represent [,repri'zent] vt. 代表；象征association [ə,səusi'eiʃən] n. 社团；联系；联想dormitory ['dɔ:mətri] n. 宿舍canteen [kæn'ti:n] n. 食堂flight [flait] n. 飞行；航班curious ['kjuəriəs] adj. 好奇的curiously ['kjuəriəsli] adv. 好奇地△Garcia 加西亚（姓）Colombia n.哥伦比亚（南美洲国家）approach [ə'prəutʃ] vt. & vi. 接近；靠近；走近n. 接近；方法；途径cheek [tʃi:k] n. 面颊defend [di'fend] vt. 保护；保卫defend against保卫……以免受defence [di'fens] n. 防御；保卫major ['meidʒə] adj. 主要的misunderstand [,misʌndə'stænd] vt. 误解；误会misunderstanding [,misʌndə'stændiŋ] n. 误解；误会△Akira Nagata 永田明△Ahmed Aziz 艾哈迈德·阿齐兹Jordan n.约旦（西亚国家）△Darlene Coulon 达琳·库隆dash [dæʃ] vi. 猛冲；突进adult ['ædʌlt, ə'dʌlt] n. 成人；成年人adj. 成人的；成熟的△simply ['simpli] adv. 简单地；只△Muslim n. & adj.穆斯林（的）；伊斯兰教信徒（的）spoken ['spəukən] adj. 口语的unspoken [,ʌn'spəukən] adj. 未说出口的；非口语的△posture ['pɔstʃə] n. 姿态；体态Spain n.西班牙（欧洲国家）Italy n.意大利（欧洲国家）likely['laikli] adj. 可能的be likely to很可能……；有希望……in general总的来说；通常crossroads['krɔsrəudz] n. 十字路口△employee [,emplɔi'i:, em'plɔii:] n. 雇员△frown[fraun] vi. 皱眉；蹙额△misread [,mis'ri:d] vt. 读错；误解facial ['feiʃəl] adj. 面部的function['fʌŋkʃən] n. 作用；功能；职能vi. 起作用；运转ease [i:z] n. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻（痛苦、忧虑）at ease舒适；快活；自由自在truly ['tru:li] adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地false [fɔ:ls] adj. 错误的；假的anger ['æŋɡə] n. 怒气；怒火lose face丢脸turn one’s back to背对；背弃fist [fist] n. 拳头yawn [jɔ:n] vi. 打呵欠△respectful [ri'spektful] adj. 恭敬的subjective [səb'dʒektiv] adj. 主观的hug [hʌɡ] vi. & vt. 拥抱rank [ræŋk] n. 等级；军衔cassette [kə'set] n. 磁带必修四Unit 5词汇表theme [θi:m] n. 题目；主题（曲）△Camelot Park 卡默洛特公园（位于英国）central ['sentrəl] adj. 中心的；中央的△Central Park 中央公园（位于美国纽约）△Dollywood n.多莱坞（公园名，位于美国）various ['vεəriəs] adj. 不同的；各种各样的cartoon [kɑ:'tu:n] n. 漫画；动画片be famous for以……而闻名△roller coaster n. 过山车whichever [witʃ'evə] pron. 无论哪一个；任何一个△pirate['paiərət] n. 海盗；盗版△fairy tale 神话故事；童话fantasy ['fæntəsi] n. 幻想；怪念头amusement [ə'mju:zmənt] n. 消遣；娱乐（活动）swing[swiŋ] n. 秋千；摇摆vt. & vi. 摇摆；摆动attraction [ə'trækʃn] n. 有吸引力的事物；吸引no wonder难怪；不足为奇tourism ['tuərizəm] n. 旅游业wherever[wεə'evə] pron. 无论在什么地方；各处unique [ju:'ni:k] adj. 独一无二的；仅有的carpenter ['kɑ:pəntə] n. 木匠△craftsman ['krɑ:ftsmən] n. 匠人；能工巧匠engine ['endʒin] n. 引擎；发动机△bald [bɔ:ld] adj. 秃头的preserve [pri'zə:v] vt. 保存；保留n. 保护区length [leŋθ] n. 长度；长deed [di:d] n. 行动；事迹△knight [nait] n. 骑士；爵士be modelled after根据……模仿；仿造△Merlin the Wizard 魔术师梅林sword [sɔ:d] n. 剑△joust [dʒaust] vi. （指中世纪骑士）骑着马用长矛打斗tournament [' tɔ:nəmənt] n. 锦标赛；联赛settler ['setlə] n. 移民；殖民者athletic [æθ'letik] adj. 运动的translator [træns'leitə] n. 译员；翻译minority [mai'nɔrəti] n. 少数；少数民族cloth [klɔθ] n. 布△Futuroscope n.观测未来（公园名，位于法国）jungle ['dʒʌŋɡl] n. 丛林△diver ['daivə] n. 潜水员creature ['kri:tʃə] n. 生物；动物sunlight ['sʌnlait] n. 阳光△T-Rex n. (=Tyrannosaurus Rex)霸王龙advance [əd'vɑ:ns] vt. & vi. 前进；促进；提前in advance提前advanced [əd'vɑ:nst] adj. 高级的；先进的brand [brænd] n. 商标；牌子get close to接近come to life活跃起来outing ['autiŋ] n. 外出；短途旅行；远足admission [əd'miʃn] n. 允许进入；入场费；承认shuttle ['ʃʌtl] n. 往返汽车；航天飞机freeway ['fri:wei] n. 高速公路souvenir [,su:və'niə] n. 纪念品sneaker ['sni:kə] n. 运动鞋brochure ['brəuʃə] n.（作宣传或介绍用的）小册子；指南。
Unit 2 Working the land一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．statistic n．数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料2．sunburnt adj.晒黑的3．super adj.特级的；超级的4．output n. 产量；输出5．circulate v t.& v i.循环；流传6．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒7．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领8．personality n. 性格；个性；人格9．chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的[第二屏听写]10．organic adj.有机的；器官的；组织的11．fertile adj.肥沃的；富饶的12．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥13．bacteria n．(bacterium的复数形式) 细菌14．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物15．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟16．mineral n. 矿物；矿石17．skim v t.浏览；略读18．underline v t.画底线标出；强调19．industrial adj.工业的；产业的[第三屏听写]Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)1．struggle v i.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力2．decade n. 十年；十年期3．crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量4．hunger n. 饥饿；欲望v t.& v i.(使)饥饿5．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的6．expand v t.& v i.使变大；伸展7．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争v t.& v i.搏斗；奋斗[第四屏听写]8．rid v t.摆脱；除去9．freedom n. 自由；自主10．therefore ad v. 因此；所以；因而11．equip v t.& v i.配备；装备12．export v t.& v i.输出；出口13．confuse v t.使迷惑；使为难14．regret v t.遗憾；惋惜n. 遗憾；懊悔15．production n. 生产；制造[第五屏听写] 16．discovery n．发现；发觉17．focus n. 焦点；中心点v t.集中；聚焦18．soil n. 土壤19．reduce v t.减少；减缩20．root n. 根；根源21．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要22．comment n. 评论；议论v i.& v t.表达意见；作出评论[第六屏听写] 23．nationality n．国籍24．thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为25．rid_...of 使……摆脱或除去26．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意27．would_rather 宁愿；宁可28．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发29．lead_to 导致；造成(后果) 30．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于31．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关)(一)核心单词阅读单词1.statistic n．数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料2．fertilizer n．肥料；化肥3．bacteria n. 细菌4.nutrition n．营养；滋养；食物5．mineral n. 矿物；矿石6．underline v t.画底线标出；强调7.circulate v t.&v i.循环；流传8．occupation n. 工作，职业；占领9．output n. 产量；输出10．fertile adj.肥沃的；富饶的表达单词1.struggle v i.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力2．decade n. 十年；十年期3．therefore ad v. 因此；所以；因而4．rid v t.摆脱；除去5．export v t.&v i.出口；输出6．focus n. 焦点；中心点v t.集中；聚焦7．reduce v t.减少；减缩8．comment n. 评论；议论v i.&v t.表达意见；作出评论9．expand v t.&v i.使变大；伸展；扩大10．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争v t.&v i.搏斗；奋斗[语境活用]1．Health and environmental problems haveincreasingly become the focus (焦点) ofattention/concern.2．Every year, India exports (出口) a lot of tea andcotton to many different countries.3．Expanding (扩大) your knowledge by readingmore books is a wise choice.4．The reporter commented (作出评论) that thefilm Lost and Lo v e was very moving.5．The number of people suffering from heartdisease will be greatly reduced (减少) if they arepersuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.拓展单词1.hunger n．饥饿；欲望v t.&v i.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的2．freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的3．production n．生产；制造→produce v t.生产→producer n．生产者；制片人[语境活用]1．He was really confused by the confusingproblem which also confused other people for along time.(confuse)2．Our school offers good equipment and you willbe well equipped with knowledge and skills foryour future job.(equip)3．Disturbing news came that the virus spread4．discovery n．发现；发觉→discover v t.发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者5．equip v t.&v i.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数) 6．confuse v t.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的7．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的；心神不安的→disturb v t.弄乱；打扰8．nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb) 4．The discoverer of electricity was Franklin; like many discoveries,_it benefits us greatly.(discover)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.thanks_to幸亏；由于；因为2．rid_..._of 使……摆脱或除去3．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意4．would_rather 宁愿；宁可5．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发6．lead_to 导致；造成(后果)7．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于8．be_rich_in 盛产9．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)10．in_addition 另外1.A deep breath and a balanced mind will help (to) rid you of the anxiety and nervousness. 2．To be mentally healthy, you need to build_up good relationships with each other.3．We asked all our customers if they were_satisfied_with the service they had received.4．Thanks_to these new treatments, people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life.5．As we all know, too much work and too little rest often leads_to illness.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.If so,what did you do togrow them?如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。
Book 4 Unit 2 Working the land一．单词1. hungry adj.饥饿的________ n.饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.使（饥饿）_________2. disturb vt.打扰；使不安adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的____________3. nation n.国家adj.国家的；民族的____________ n.国籍____________4. occupy vt.占据；占领n.工作；职业；占领____________5. produce vt.生产n.生产；制造____________6. chemistry n. 化学n.化学家____________ adj.化学的____________7. mine n. 煤矿vt.开采n.矿物；矿石____________8. discover vt. 发现；发觉n. 发现；发觉____________9. person n.人n.性格；个性；人格____________10. organ n.器官adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的____________11. free adj. 自由的；空闲的n.自由；自主____________二．短语1. 幸亏；由于；因为____________2. 摆脱；除去____________3. 对……感到满意____________4. 宁愿；宁可____________5. 逐渐增强；建立；开发____________6. 导致；造成（后果）____________7. 集中（注意力、精力等）于____________8. 使……免受（影响、伤害等）；使……不含（有害物）____________9. 毕业于____________ 10. 关心；在意____________三．句子1. What kind of plant would you like to try growing?try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事2. More than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day.hungry 形容词作状语3. …, Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer, …复习动词consider的用法。
人教版高中英语必修四Unit2 Working the land1 struggle [ˈstrʌgl]vi.搏斗；奋斗；努力；争取n.打斗；竞争；奋斗【例句】They had to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties.他们必须和各种各样的困难作斗争。
After 5 years’ of struggle,people in Wenchuan are living a normal life now.经过五年的努力，现在汶川人民的生活步入了正轨。
【搭配】struggle against/with与……斗争struggle for 为争取……而斗争struggle to do 努力去做struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗【辨析】battle, war, campaign, struggle, fight这些名词均有“战斗，战争”之意。
•battle：侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。
•war：是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。
•campaign：通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。
也可作引申用。
•struggle：指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。
•fight：最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。
2 hunger [ˈhʌŋgə(r)] n.饿，饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.（使）饥饿【例句】His hunger for knowledge drove him to the library.他对知识的强烈愿望驱使他上图书馆。
These students hunger for new knowledge and ideas.这些学生渴望学到新知识，获得新思想。
第一部分必修4Unit 2Ⅰ.完形填空(2014天津)One night, when I was eight, my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget.“Sweetie, my company wants to __1__ me but needs me to work in Brazil.This is like your teacher telling you that you've done __2__ and allowing you to skip a grade (跳级), but you'll have to __3__ your friends.Would you say yes to your teacher？” She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it, I was puzzled.The question kept me __4__ for the rest of the night.I had said “yes” but for the first time, I realized the __5__ decisions adults had to make.For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening I'd __6__ wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.A phone call, however, could never replace her __7__ and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.During my fourth-grade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her.Looking at her large __8__ apartment, I became __9__ how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.It was then __10__ I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on __11__ family and work.__12__ difficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn't know whether you made the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a __13__ attitude.Back home, I __14__ myself that what my mother could do, I could, too.If she __15__ to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be __16__.I learned how to take care of myself and set high but achievable __17__.My mother is now back with us.But I will never forget what the __18__ has really taught me.Sacrifices __19__ in the end.The separation between us has proved to be a __20__ for me.()1.A.attract B．promoteC．surprise D．praise()2.A.little B．muchC．well D．wrong()3.A.leave B．refuseC．contact D．forgive()4.A.explaining B．sleepingC．wondering D．regretting()5.A.poor B．timelyC．final D．tough()6.A.eagerly B．politelyC．nervously D．curiously()7.A.patience B．presenceC．intelligence D．influence()fortable B．expensiveC．empty D．modern()9.A.interested in B．aware ofC．doubtful about D．satisfied with()10.A.when B．whereC．which D．that()11.A.abandoning B．balancingC．comparing D．mixing()12.A.Depending on B．Supplied withC．Faced with D．Insisting on()13.A.different B．friendlyC．positive D．general()14.A.criticized B．informedC．warned D．reminded()15.A.managed B．offeredC．attempted D．expected()16.A.grateful B．energeticC．independent D．practical()17.A.examples B．limitsC．rules D．goals()18.A.question B．experienceC．history D．occasion()19.A.pay off B．come backC．run out D．turn up()20.A.blessing B．gatheringC．failure D．pleasure【主旨大意】本文讲述了作者的母亲因为工作原因离开家人独自到国外工作、生活，对作者所产生的影响。
基础知识默写(学生用书257～258页)1.struggle v i.& n.斗争；拼搏；努力2.decade n.十年；十年期3.hunger n.饥饿；欲望v t.& v i.(使)饥饿hungry adj.饥饿的4.expand v t.& v i.使变大；伸展expansion n.扩张；扩大5.battle n.战役；战斗；斗争；较量v t.& v i.搏斗；奋斗6.rid v t.摆脱；除去7.therefore ad v.因此；所以；因而8.equip v t.& v i.配备；装备equipment n.设备9.export v t.& v i.输出；出口10.confuse v t.使迷惑；使为难confused adj.迷惑的confusing adj.令人困惑的confusion n.混乱；混淆11.regret v t.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔regrettable adj.令人遗憾的；可惜的regretful adj.遗憾的；后悔的12.focus n.焦点；中心点v t.集中；聚焦13.reduce v t.减少；减缩reduction n.减少；下降ment n.评论；议论v i.& v t.表达意见；作出评论15.statistic n.数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料16.output n.产量；输出17.nutrition n.营养；滋养；食物18.mineral n.矿物；矿石19.root n.根；根源20.underline v.画底线标出；强调21.circulate v t.& v i.循环；流传circulation n.循环；流通22.occupation n.工作；职业；占领occupy v t.占据；占领23.discovery n.发现；发觉discover v t.发现24.summary n.总结；摘要；概要summarize v.总结25.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturb v t.打扰disturbance n.困扰；打扰；骚乱26.nationality n.国籍national adj.国家的；民族的nation n.国家；民族27.chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的chemist n.化学家chemistry n.化学28.thanks to幸亏；由于；因为29.rid...of使……摆脱或除去30.be satisfied with对……感到满意31.build up逐渐增强；建立；开发32.lead to导致；造成(后果)33.in addition另外34.focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于35.reduce by减少了……36.be rich in盛产37.keep...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)38.If so，what did you do to grow them?如果是这样的话，你是怎样种植这些植物的？39.Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
