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1.point and click (鼠标）点击2.integrated circuit 集成电路3.online transactions 网上交易puter monitor 电脑显示器5. projector 投影仪6. screen saver 电脑保护系统7. virtual currency 虚拟货币8. computerized system 计算机系统9. internet distance learning 网络远程教育10. anti-virus programs 杀毒软件11. bar code 条形码12. cordless telephone 无线电话13. cyberspace 网络空间14. desktop 桌面，台式机15. digital television 数字电视16. video camera 摄像机17. electronic hearing aid 电子助听器18. fiber optic technology 光纤技术19. firewall 防火墙20. genetic engineering 基因工程21. hacker 黑客22. intelligent system 智能系统23. it-industry 信息产业24. minicomputer 小型计算机25. multimedia learning system 多媒体学习系统26. palmtop 掌上电脑27. password 密码，口令28. software package 软件包29. solar collector 太阳能集热器30. terminal 终端文化教育词汇1. educational background 教育背景2. educational history 学历3. curriculum 课程4. major 主修5. minor 未成年的；次要的；较小的未成年人副修6. educational highlights 课程重点部分7. specialized courses 专业课8. social practice 社会实践9. part-time jobs 兼职10. extracurricular activities 课外活动11. recreational activities 娱乐活动12. academic activities 学术活动13. scholarship 奖学金14. excellent leader 优秀干部15. student council 学生会16. off-job training 脱产培训17. in-job training 在职培训18. faculty 学院，系19. president 校长20.dean 院长21. department chairman 系主任22. associate professor 副教授23. guest professor 客座教授24. lecturer 讲师25. teaching assistant 助教，教学助理26. research fellow 研究员27. supervisor 监督人，监管员28. talent fair 人才招聘会29. post doctorate 博士后30. undergraduate 本科31. senior 大学四年级学生，高三学生32.junior 大学三年级学生，高二学生33. sophomore 大学二年级学生，高中一年级34. freshman 大学一年级学生35. guest student 旁听生（英）36. auditor 旁听生（美）37. government-supported student 公费生38. day-student 走读生39. intern 实习生40. boarder 寄宿生41. grade-point average (gpa) （加权）平均成绩42. graduate-equivalency certificate 同等学力文凭43. adult-literacy program 成人读写能力课程44. higher education 高等教育45. out-of-class work 课外作业46. admission standard 入学标准47. semester 学期48. expand enrollment 扩大招生49. intellectual property 知识产权50. duck-stuffing 填鸭式51. linguistic and cultural diversity 语言及文化多样性52. bilingualism 双语53. cultural integrity 文化的完整性54.endangered languages 濒危语种55. native tongue 母语社会生活类词汇i. baby boom 婴儿潮2. questionnaire 问卷调查3. social change 社会变迁4. social interrelationship 社会关系5. social status 社会地位6. mass media 大众媒体7. commercial spheres 商业领域8. marital instability 婚姻关系不稳定9. rotating shifts 轮班工作10. familial relationships 家庭关系11. single mother 单身母亲12. graveyard shifts 夜班13. one-on-one interaction 一对一交流14. telephone operator 电话接线员15. tollbooth collector 公路收费员16. service economy 服务经济17. expertise economy 经济专业知识18. 50 highest-paying occupation 50大高收入工作19. extra money 外快20. nest egg 私房钱21. joint declaration 联合声明22. audience rating 收视率23. free-lance writer 自由撰稿人24. practitioner 从业者25. publishing house 出版社26. the space race 太空竞赛27. jury system 陪审制度28. literacy 读写能力29. democratic values 民主观念30. racial discrimination 种族歧视（三）近年真题经济管理类1. auction houses 拍卖行2. auctioneer 拍卖商3. bankruptcy 破产4. bonus 奖金5. bull run 布尔溪6. category 种类，分类；范畴7. chief executive 行政长官；董事长8. compensation committee 薪酬委员会9. consumerism 消费主义10. decline 拒绝；下降；衰退；谢绝11. depression 沮丧；不景气12. domestic 国内的；家庭的；国货13. downturn 衰退；低迷时期14. elite 精英，精华15. financially prudent 财务稳健16. income 收入，收益17. investor 投资者18. manufacture 制造，生产19. marketing trend 营销趋势20. marketing trick 市场营销技巧21. momentum 动量22. monopoly 垄断23. outside director 外部董事24. patent 专利25. private industry 私营企业26. profit driven 利益驱动27. profit margin 利润率28. recession 经济衰退29. revenue 收入30. ruthless advertising 无情的广告31. slump 暴跌32. stagnation 停滞，萧条，不景气33. stock 库存；股份；存货34. strategy 战略35. subsidy 补贴，津贴36. term 学期；术语文化教育类1. academic achievement 学术成就2. advanced course 高级课程3. advertising 广告，广告学；广告的4. anecdote 轶事，奇闻5. approach 方法，途径；接近，靠近6. artwork circulation 艺术品流通7. assign 分配，指派8. associate professor 副教授9. authority 权威，权利10. campus 校园，校区11. contemporary art 当代艺术12. conversational partners 对话伙伴13. educational policy 教育政策14. educational ritual 教育仪式15. educational standard 教育标准16. enormous ego 自负，自我17. gallery 美术馆，画廊18. generation 一代人19. gesture 手势，姿势20. historian 历史学家21. impressionist 印象派，印象主义者22. journalist 记者，新闻工作者23. masterpiece 杰作24. passion 激情，热情社会生活类1. administrator 管理员，行政人员2. appearance 外貌，外观3. biotech industry 生物科技产业4. blue-ribbon juries 陪审团5. bottled water 瓶装水6. charity 慈善，施舍7. convention 大会；公约；风俗8. currency 货币，通货9. decoration 装饰，装潢10. defendants 被告11. development 发展12. disinfecting wipes 消毒湿巾13. domain 领域14. efficacy 功效，疗效15. encode 编码16. era 时代17. euro zone 欧元区18. fabric softeners 织物柔软剂19. far-offspring 后代，子孙20. femininity 女性化21. gender difference 性别差异22. genes 基因23. globalization 全球化24. identity 身份25. imagination 想象力26. immigrant 移民27. impoverish 使贫困28. individual 个体，个人29. inflexible policy 僵化的政策30. innocence 清白，无辜31. innovation 创新，革新32. interaction 相互作用33. joblessness 失业34. jury selection procedures 陪审团的选择过程35. jury system 陪审制度36. lifestyle 生活方式3 7. masculine 阳性，男性的38. molecules 分子，微粒39. public hearing 公开审理，听证会40. questionable beauty cream41. racial discrimination 种族歧视42. skin moisturizers 护肤液43. social fabric 社会结构44. suburban 郊区居民，郊外45. supreme court 最高法院46. talkative 健谈，多话的4 7. tangible inequities 实在的不公平现象48. unemployment 失业，失业率49. verdict 裁决，判决50. washing machine 洗衣机科技技术类1. air-traffic-control regulations 空中交通管制规定2. biotech industry3. development4. domain 领域5. efficacy6. encode7. genes8. innovation9. interaction10. jet-fuel 喷气燃料11. molecules12. Nitrogen-oxide emissions 氮氧化物排放量13. operational guidelines 操作规范14. routine military flight 常规军事飞行15. senior medical figures 高级医疗数据16. washing machine。
各类学士、硕士和博士学位英文翻译及缩写双语教学2011-03-29 18:36:18 阅读86 评论0 字号：大中小订阅分类词汇：各类学士、硕士和博士学位英文翻译及缩写TAG: 分类词汇学位英语词汇学士Bachelor of Arts B.A. 文学士Bachelor of Arts in Education B.A.Ed., B.A.E. 教育学文学士Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science B.A.CS 计算机文学士Bachelor of Arts in Music B.A.Mus,B.Mus 音乐艺术学士Bachelor of Arts in Social Work B.A.S.W 社会工作学文学士Bachelor of Engineering B.Eng., B.E 工学士Bachelor of Engineering in Social Science B.Eng.Soc 社会工程学士Bachelor of Engineering in Management B.Eng.Mgt 管理工程学士Bachelor of Environmental Science/Studies B.E.Sc., B.E.S 环境科学学士Bachelor of Science B.S 理学士Bachelor of Science in Business B.S.B., B.S.Bus 商学理学士Bachelor of Science in Business Administration B.S.B.A 工商管理学理学士Bachelor of Science in Education B.S.Ed., B.S.E 教育学理学士Bachelor of Science in Engineering B.S.Eng., B.S.E 工程学理学士Bachelor of Science in Forestry B.S.cF 森林理学士Bachelor of Science in Medicine B.S.Med 医学理学士Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology B.S.M.T., B.S.Med.Tech 医技学理学士Bachelor of Science in Nursing B.S.N., B.S.Nurs 护理学理学士Bachelor of Science in Nutrition B.SN 营养学理学士Bachelor of Science in Social Work B.S.S.W 社会工作学理学士Bachelor of Science in Technology B.S.T 科技学理学士Bachelor of Computer Science B.CS 计算机理学士Bachelor of Computer Special Science B.CSS 计算机特殊理学士Bachelor of Architecture B. Arch. 建筑学士Bachelor of Administration B.Admin. 管理学士Bachelor of Business Administration B.B.A. 工商管理学士Bachelor of Education B.Ed., B.E 教育学士Bachelor of Fine Arts B.F.A. 艺术学士Bachelor of General Studies B.G.S 通识学士Bachelor of Liberal Studies B.L.S 文理学学士Bachelor of Health Science BHSc 健康科学学士Bachelor of Music B.M., B.Mus 音乐学士Bachelor of Music Education B.M.Ed., B.M.E 音乐教育学士Bachelor of Nursing B.N 护理学士Bachelor of Professional Studies B.P.S专业进修学士Bachelor of Law LL.B 法学士Bachelor of Commerce ., . 商学士Bachelor in Social Work B.S.W 社会工作学士Bachelor of Technology B.T 科技学士Bachelor of Kinesiology B.K., B.Kin 运动机能学学士Bachelor of Landscape Architecture 景观建筑学士Bachelor of Nursing B.N 护理学士Bachelor of Physical B.PE 体育学士Bachelor of Resource Management B.RM 资源管理学士Bachelor ofTheology B.Th 神学士硕士Master of Arts M.A 文学硕士Master of Accounting M.Acc 会计学硕士Master of Arts in Education M.A.Ed 教育学文学硕士Master of Architecture M.Arch 建筑学硕士Master of Arts in Teaching M.A.T 教育文学硕士Master of Business Administration M.B.A 工商管理学硕士Master of Civil Engineering M.C.E 土木工程学硕士Master of Chemical Engineering M.Ch.E., M.C.E 化学工程学硕士Master of Criminal Justice M.C.J 刑事学硕士Master of Divinity M.Div 神学学硕士Master of Engineering M.E 工程学硕士Master of Education M.Ed 教育学硕士Master of Economics M.Ec 经济学硕士Master of Electrical Engineering M.E.E 电机工程学硕士Master of Fine Arts M.F.A 艺术硕士Master of Law M.L 法学硕士Master of Library Science M.L.S 图书馆学硕士Master of Music M.M., M.Mus 音乐硕士Master of Music Education M.M.E., M.M.Ed 音乐教育学硕士Master of Nursing M.N 护理学硕士Master of Public Administration M.P.A 公共行政学硕士Master of Psychology M.Psy 心理学硕士Master of Science M.S 理学硕士Master of Science in Criminal Justice M.S.C.J 刑事理学硕士Master of Science in Education M.S.E., M.S.Ed 教育理学硕士Master of Science in Electrical Engineering M.S.E.E 电机工程理学硕士Master of Science in Library Science M.S.L.S 图书馆理学硕士Master of Science in Medical Technology M.S.M.T 医技理学硕士Master of Science in Nursing M.S.N 护理理学硕士Master of Science in Social Work M.S.S.W 社会工作理学硕士Master of Social Work M.S.W 社会工作学硕士博士Doctor of Arts D.A 文学博士Doctor of Dental Science D.D.S 牙科博士Doctor of Science D.Sc.; Sc.D 科学博士Doctor of Engineering D.E 工程博士Doctor of Education D.Ed 教育学博士Doctor of Musical Arts D.M.A 音乐艺术博士Doctor of Osteopathy D.O 骨科博士Doctor of Social Science D.S.S 社会科学博士Doctor of Veterinary Medicine D.V.M 兽医学博士Doctor of Jurisprudence J.D 法理学博士Doctor of Judicial Science J.S.D 司法学博士Doctor of Business Administration D.B.A 工商管理博士Doctor of Accountancy D.Acc 会计学博士。
doctor英语单词
"Doctor" 是一个英语单词，它是一个名词，表示医生的意思。
在英语中，"doctor" 这个词还可以用作动词，表示治疗或修复的意思。
此外，"doctor" 这个词也可以指学位，比如博士学位。
在医学领域，"doctor" 通常指的是拥有医学博士学位的人。
这个词的复数形式是 "doctors"。
"Doctor" 这个词源于拉丁语 "doctor"，意思是教师或导师。
在日常用语中，"doctor" 这个词也可以用来指代兽医。
总的来说，"doctor" 这个单词在英语中有着丰富的含义，通常用来指代医生或者具有博士学位的人。
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！分类词汇homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous(＜＞ heterogeneous)^ homo***ual, hetero***ual mainstream 主流主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差异misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricadediscrimination 区别，歧视 racial/***ual discrimination? discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等级制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 岛国性质 (? insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity.microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 爱国者 (＜＞traitor)à patriotic, patriotismnotoriety 恶名 (? notorious)counterpart 对应人，对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^ counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)subordinate 下级下级的＜＞ superiortactics 战术，技巧 v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningcompatriot 同胞同胞的 com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本国的本地话，本国话 the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 渗透，弥漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企业家(~ enterprise)à entrepreneurshippractitioner 开业者，从业者 praction(practice) + ercelebrity a famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 轶事(à anecdotal)benchmarking 类比分析punctual 准时的，守时的(à punctuality)absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeismflextime 弹性工作时间 flex(flexible) + timeharass 骚扰(à harassment)Mary said that Gary had ***ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余，冗员 network redundancydownsize 裁员 (~ lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 (＜＞ partial)lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)dubbing 配音录制1百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我！vogue 时尚 ^ chicbizarre 奇异的 v.s. weird (怪异的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 饮食学家 (~ diet)connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carteshortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen à (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 调查表，问卷quantitative 定量的 (＜＞ qualitative)contingency 偶然性，偶然事件incur 招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ~ ethics, ＜＞ unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 (~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 显示，证明 (? manifest)subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理 assistant president综合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents信息化 information-based; informationization智力密集型 concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角债 chain debts素质教育 education for all-round development豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社会治安情况 law-and-order situation民族国家 nation 台独"independence 台湾当局 Taiwan 台湾同胞 Taiwan stateof Taiwan" authorities compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
英语学习口语，口译中遇到中文称谓如何翻译在外事接待活动中，译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的口译。
称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔，体现了一个人的资历和地位。
称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重，而且也会产生种种不良的后果。
称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解，尤其是对称谓语的认识。
一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份，例如，英语的头衔语 president，译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。
一般说来，各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词 head，但从比较严格的意义上看，应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。
例如：校长（大学） President of Beijing University校长（中小学） Principal /Headmaster of Donghai Middle School院长（大学下属） Dean of the Graduate School系主任（大学学院下属） Chair/Chairman of the English Department会长／主席（学／协会） President of the Student Union, Shanghai University厂长（企业） Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant院长（医院） President of Huadong Hospital主任（中心） Director of the Business Center主任（行政） Director of Foreign Affairs Office董事长（企业） President／Chairman of the Board of Directors董事长（学校） President／Chairman of the Board of Trustees首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示，而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有chief general, head , managing 这类词，因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时，需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯：总书记 general secretary总工程师 chief engineer总会计师 chief accountant总建筑师 chief architect总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier总裁判 chief referee总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head总代理 general agent总教练 head coach总导演 head director总干事 secretary-general;commissioner总指挥 commander-in-chief; generalissimo总领事 consul-general总监 chief inspector; inspector-general；chief impresario总厨 head cook; chef有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译，可以用一些通用的头衔词表示，例如下列机构的负责人可以用 director, head 或 chief 来表示：司（部属）department厅（省属）department署（省属）office（行署为administrative office）局 bureau所 institute处 division科 section股 section室 office教研室 program / section例：局长 director of the bureau; head of the bureau; bureau chief。
教育专业词汇的英语翻译人才枯竭exhaustion of human resources辍/失学青少年school dropout/leaver基金会foundation服务性行业service trade在职培训on-the-job/in-service training基础科学the fundamentals学分制the credit system三学期制the trimester system税收tax revenue多学科的multi-disciplinary重点大学key university授予（学士）confer被授权be authorized to do专业specialty爱国人士patriotic personage国家教育经费national expenditure on education财政拨款financial allocation毕业论文thesis; dissertation毕业实习graduation field work毕业设计graduation design毕业典礼graduation ceremony; commencement毕业证书diploma; graduation certificate博士生导师Ph.D advisor; doctoral advisor(supervisor)授予某人学位to confer a degree on sb.升级to be promoted to a higher grade留级to repeat the year‘s work; to stay down补考make-up examination升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade奖学金scholarship（国家）助学金(state)stipend/subsidy领取助学金的学生a grant-aided student学费tuition (fee)占百分比account for ...%专任教师full-time teacher国际文化交流intercultural communication教育方针guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。
全国高等教育自学考试《英语翻译》00087课内必背词组global challenge全球性挑战climate change气候变化nuclear n核扩散economic recovery经济复苏meetings at the nal nism贸易保护主义human rights人权freedom of speech and assembly言论和集会自由long-term debt长期债务domestic demand内需hoder of debt债权国a series of important new initiatives一系列重要的新提议joint clean energy research center联合清洁能源研究中心take no ns未接受采访the frigid Chinese capital冰冷的中国都城Two Conferencesthe 12th Five-Year Plan十二五nal development and people's livelihood国计民生one's tenure of office任期to perform one's duty honestly恪尽职守ary flow货币流动性common people老庶民growing material and cultural needs日益增长的物质文化需要the starting point as well as the final aim出发点和落脚点stabilize prices稳定物价to corner the market囤积居奇（把持市场）to jack up prices哄抬物价n ns通胀预期readjustment measures调控步伐economy houses保证性住房shantytown棚户区speculative housing demands谋利性住房需求property hoarding捂盘步伐keep purchased land unused圈地不消health care reform医疗改革medical care医疗保险2、时势批评summit首脑会议communique公报strategic thinker战略思想家zero-sum game一方得益一方受损的局面1—英语翻译economic reach经济影响力Sino-US ns／Sino-American n全球化nalism例外论reform and opening-up革新开放United ns Development Programme联合国开发计划Gini coefficient基尼系数the rich-poor disparity贫富差距egalitarianism平均主义e group高收入群体tax system税收制度customs duty关税value added tax增值税business tax营业税resource tax本钱税illegal underground economy公开经济tax n偷漏税wealth n财富积累the disadvantaged group弱势群体social security undertakings社会保证奇迹social transfer payments社会转移领取franchise特许经营monopoly trades垄断性行业colossal profits暴利air transport航空运输业n management管理运输业post and ns邮电运输业unfair n不公平竞争upper limit限高people at the bottom level基础阶层Gross nal Product（GNP）国民生产总值Gross Domestic Product（GDP）国内生产总值三、经济贸易individual freedom小我自在equality of opportunity机会均等hard work勉力斗争monopoly of power权力垄断be supportive of支持，赞成social class社会地位，社会阶层inherited privilege继承的特权manufacturer制造商labor problems of ns大公司的劳工问题business n商务专栏2—英语翻译stock prices股市行情foreign aid对外援助federal budget联邦预算Federal Reserve Bank联邦储蓄银行entertainment industry文娱业show business演艺业world of arts文艺界world of entertainment娱乐界financial crisis经济危机the lifeless economies经济不景气consumer markets消费市场teetering currency rates货币疲软purchasing power购买力political instability政局不定change economic circumstances经济不稳nist barriers商业保护主义壁垒diplomatic rows外交摩擦press forward大力推进system of foreign trade外贸体制n集团化state enterprises国有企业entrepreneur企业家mass market大众市场added value附加值export commodities出口商品hard-punch" items拳头产物competitive edge合作上风geographical n市场多元化make a good killing赚大钱first class一流的trade fairs交易会sales forces贩卖职员n facilities出产装备sales outlets贩卖点productivity生产率preferential policies优惠政策infrastructure基础设施foreign direct investment外国直接投资be supportive of撑持inherited privilege继承的特权labor problems of ns大公司的劳资题目the reform of China’s foreign t rade regime中国的外贸体系体例革新fine quality or else no export以质取胜market n市场调整3—英语翻译foreign exchange market外汇市场fine or intricate processing精加工和深加工四、科学技术Silicon Valley硅谷renewable petroleum可再生石油are executive软件管理人员business school商学院agricultural waste农业废物wheat straw麦秆crude oil原油science n科幻小说r director高级主管Saudi Arabia沙特阿拉伯global economy全球经济hydrogen fuel氢燃料carbon negative负碳的raw materials原材料supply ns供给营业start-up capital启动资金single-cell organisms单细胞生物industrial yeast工业酵母E.coli大肠杆菌custom designing定制设计fatty acids脂肪酸n发酵fuels industry生物燃料行业byproduct副产物textile material纺织质料Chinese Academy of Science中国科学院n回收chemical n化学分化monomers单体chemical fiber化学纤维short polyester fibers涤纶短纤维polyester fiber聚酯纤维n clothes时装Nobel Prize for Chemistry诺贝尔化学奖chemical n化学方程式all-weather clothes晴雨两用衣chemical substance化学物资solvents溶剂intermediates中央体industrial chemicals化工原材料4—英语翻译regenerated resin再生树脂China's Plastic n net中国降解塑料网relevant departments 有关部门medium-sized city中等城市economic returns经济效益make……obsolet e使……被淘汰，使……过时be broken down into被分解为……5、天然探秘global warming全球气候变暖heat wave热浪nuclear facilities核办法flash flood山洪暴发greenhouse gas n温室气体排放fossil-fuel n化石燃料的排放carbon xide二氧化碳solar n太阳变革satellite measurements卫星测量atmospheric change大气变化saturated air mass饱和大气团xide effect二氧化碳效应atmospheric n大气循环weather phenomenon天气现象lower atmosphere高空大气层water vapor水汽condensed matter of the vapor水汽固结物horizontal distance水平距离visibility能见度meteorology气象学light fog轻雾heavy fog重雾horizontal visibility程度能见度n fog辐射雾advective fog平流雾steam fog蒸汽雾up-slope fog上坡雾frontal surface锋面雾water droplets水滴ice crystals冰晶poor visibility能见度差expressways高速公路a plant disease病害to ear (up)抽穗wheat scab赤霉病5—英语翻译pathogen microbes病原微生物harmful substance有害物质tracheitis气管炎pharyngolarynigitis咽喉炎conjunctivitis结膜炎strenuous exercise猛烈举动tourist ns旅行胜地Arctic sea—ice cover北极海冰覆盖面积n point饱和点the n of heat on the surface of the earth地面热量的散失appear in us shapes and postures千姿百态be enveloped in mists and clouds云雾缭绕六、文化俗anthropologist人类学家hidden purpose内涵意义code of conduct行为准则regular customer常客bar staff酒保facial n脸部脸色Guinness stout健力士烈性黑啤酒unspoken ways非语言方式body language形体语言mutual interest配合好处cultural n文化内涵material enjoyment物质享受spiritual enjoyment精神享受agrarian society农耕社会Christmas圣诞节Saint Valentine's Day情人节Easter Sunday复活节All Saints' Day万圣节Thanksgiving Day戴德节Opium War鸦片战争Christianity教the Ming Dynasty明朝Confucian teachings儒学典范feudalist vestiges封建剩余the Spring Festival春节the Dragon Boat Festival端五节the Mid-Autumn Day中秋节legal holidays法定节假日the State Council国务院Anniversaries记念日6—英语翻译the sense of nal identity民族认同感the United ns nal。
总结考研英语翻译词组汇总（免费下载）考研英语翻译词组汇总（历年总结）英语学习是⼀个过程，也是时间的堆砌和磨砺。
⼩学，初中，⾼中，⼤学，专科，本科，研究⽣，博⼠，博⼠后，⾮英语专业，英语专业，MTI的English learners 都应该熟悉记忆本⽂列出的词组和词语，并且熟练运⽤，对英语学习会有所帮助。
⾼分英语是如何练成的？笔者⾼考英语140分，⼤学进⼊英⽂学院学习，在此整理的资料希望对⼴⼤英语学习者有所帮助。
1990年1. be determined by 由…所决定your success is determined by the strong will.2. have something to do withHer diligence must have something to do with his success.她的勤勉和她的成功⼀定有某些关系。
3. be central to sth. Maintaining this balancing act will prove to be central to a winning strategy是…的核⼼4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反5. be due to 由于（常做表语）6. be deprived of 被剥夺she was deprived of political rights for whole life.7. respond to 对…作出反应8. as the basis of 依据/根据9. be born with 天⽣具有1991年11. shut off 关上，停⽌，切断They pulled over and shut off the engine.他们把车停到路边并关掉了发动机。
Billy tends to keep things to himself more and shut himself off.⽐利更加倾向于把事情藏在⼼⾥，不与他⼈来往。
第1课知识的悖论The Paradox of Knowledge人类从古类人猿进化到当前的状态这个长久的进化过程中的最大成就是有关于人类自身、世界以及宇宙众多知识的获得和积聚。
这些知识的产物就是那些我们总称为“文化”的所有的东西，包括语言、科学、文学、艺术、所有的物质机器、仪器、我们所用的结构以及社会所依赖的物质基础设施。
我们之中大多数人认为现代社会中各种知识在不断增长，与此同时社会或群体对新知识的积累也在稳步减少我们对人类自身、世界及宇宙的未知。
然而，现有的无垠的未知领域在不断提示着我们需要批判性地分析这个设想。
普遍的观点认为，智力的演变与身体的发育相似，虽然要快上许多。
生物的进化经常被描述为“个体的进化重演物种的进化”，意思就是个体的胚胎在其从受精卵发展到人类胎儿的过程中经历了几个阶段，在这些阶段中个体胚胎类似人类物种的祖先形式。
普遍的观点认为人类从天真无邪的状态进步的，这个状态可以比作婴儿，然后逐渐的获得越来越多的知识，就像一个小孩通过学习通过了教育体系的几个年级一样。
这种观点中暗含着一种臆断，那就是种系发育类似个体发育，知识的积累最终能达到一个基本完整的阶段，至少在特定的领域中是如此，就好像社会已获得了所有的高等学位，这些学位表明它已经掌握了各个重要学科的知识。
实际上，一些杰出的科学家已经表达了这样的观点。
1894年伟大的物理学家Albert Michelson在芝加哥大学的一个演讲中讲到：虽然不能断言未来的物理学不会再取得比过去更惊人的成就，但很可能大多数的重要的基本原理都已经牢固的确立了，那么，进一步的发展将可能主要是如何将这些基本原理精确地应用到我们注意的现象上去。
人们很难在物理学领域再作突破。
在迈克尔逊讲述上一段话之后的一个世纪，科学家们在物理学上的发现远远超出了对小数点第六位测量的改进，而今天没有人会再进行与Michelson相似的阐述。
但是仍有许多人坚持认为知识有迟早达到穷尽的可能性。
被动的句子，不一定是‘被’，可以有多种翻译和表达。
“加以”,“经过”,“用……来”, …得‟，‘得以’，‘发生了’，“被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为……所”,“使”,“由…”,“受到”以及其他方式，比如主语宾语颠倒，增加施事人或翻译成无主语等。
He was robbed.The apple was eaten.We are cheated.You may be influenced by others.Quality must be guaranteed first.首先要保证质量。
It is amply justified by the result.结果充分证明了假设。
My words had been misunderstood by others.他们误解了我的话。
These issues were rarely touched.大家很少谈及这些事情。
He was elected monitor,他当选为班长。
Other questions will be discussed briefly（as follows）.其他问题将简单地加以讨论。
其他问题给予简述。
其他问题不再赘述。
其他问题简述如下。
A new bill was adopted in the meeting.会议通过了一项新的决议。
In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extractedby digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operationswhich make them available to us.换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
就是说，地球上的矿物质得经过挖、钻、爆破等才能获取。
例3.Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can besummed up in one word: radiation.核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词来概括：辐射。
It could be arguedIt is often said,It is generally accepted thatIt is asserted that …有人主张……It is believed that …有人认为……It is generally considered that …大家(一般人)认为It is well known that …大家知道(众所周知)……It will be said …有人会说……It was told that …有人曾经说……All the urgent matters have now been attended to.所有的紧急问题都处理完毕。
This is not the kind of situation that should be made light of.这不是一件可以轻视的事态。
The peasants were deprived of their land.农民失去了土地。
She was robbed of her necklace.有人抢了她的项链。
A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆要一种合适的燃料。
反应堆正需要这种燃料。
Steel plates were stored here on the roadside, but they have now all been cleared away.过去路边堆满了钢板，现在都清理干净了。
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind canbe by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to beacquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。
人们误认为普通人决不能与这些人相比，以为他们的大脑加工处理能力是经过专门培训的。
Great efforts should be made to inform young people of the damage of smoking, especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。
(pro-drop)Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century,the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。
本世纪研发出不少新颖的交通工具，最新奇的要数气垫船。
Madame Curie will long be remembered as the discoverer of radium.居里夫人因发现了化学元素镭而永载史册。
The injured were allowed hone after treatment at the local hospital, but one of the firemen was detained for observation.伤者在当地医院经过治疗后已经允许回家，但其中一名消防员则住院观察。
New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….必须找到新的能源，这需要时间……另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:It is hoped that …希望……It is reported that …据报道……It is said that …据说……It is supposed that …据推测……It may be said without fear of exaggeration that …可以毫不夸张地说……It must be admitted that …必须承认……It must be pointed out that …必须指出……It will be seen from this that …由此可见……On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件: 能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同; 他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。
总的来说得出该结论是有一定把握的。
但必须假定这孩子对测试的态度与其他孩子相同，还要假设他没有因为缺乏相关知识而扣过分。
Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。
These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。
Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colors.自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。
The behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流体在管道中流动的情况, 受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。
They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrialplanets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。
它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料。
这类物质可能来自地球卫星，也有人认为是类似小行星体的组块，用以阻碍外行星和它们的卫星。
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
科学史学家和思想家们很大程度上忽视了一个问题，即多年来工具和科技本身就是创新的重要来源。
Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入, 还是相反, 这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
