英语常用词缀词根及示例
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胡老师讲义常用词缀及示例前缀及部分常用词根pre-先,前,超a- 1. 表语性形容词 2. 加强意义 3. 在 “in, at, on”例:precaution, preface, prefer, preview, prewar例:awake, aware, arise, arouse, aboard, abroad, ahead, alike, alive, asleep re-回,后退;再,又fore beforehand, front, before 先,前,预例:remind, rewrite, react, replace, review, reveal, refine, recall 例:forecast, forefinger, forehead, foremost, foresee sub-在…之下;低于,秘密地mis-坏,恶,误例:subconscious, suffice, suppress,substandard, subsurface, subdivide 例:misfortune, mislead, mistake, misunderstand, misuse super-, sur-上,超out-超出,在外,出外,胜过,超过例:superficial, surface, surplus, supermarket, superman, supernatural 例:outbreak, outcome, outlet, outline, outlook, output, outnumber trans-, tra-跨越,转,传over-过度,越过;颠倒,反转,在上例:transatlantic, transform, transmit, transport, tyadition, translate 例:overall, overcoat, overhead, overthrow, overcome, overseas auto-自己un-不,无,做相反的动作,移开,消除例:automatic, automobile, autonomous, autonormy,例:unable, unbearable, uncertain, uncover, unfit, unknown, unfold, unfair equ-均,平等unnecessary, unwilling, unlike, unlock, unpleasant例:equal, equality, equatorunder-在…下,低于,不足form形式例:underdeveloped, undergo, understand, underground, underlie, underwear formal, conform, deform, unform, reform, uniformab-, a-脱离,离开,离去min-, mini-较小,较少例:abnormal, abortion, absent, abuse例:minor, minute, miniature, minority, minusbi-二,两,重port持,拿,运例:biennial, bimonthly, bilingual例:portable, porter, export, import, support, transportsemi-半press-压例:semiannual, semimonthly, semicircle例:pressure, compress, express, impresscircum-,circu-周围,环spec-看例:circumstance, circuit, circulate, circle, circulation例:spectacle, aspect, expect, inspect, prospect, respectcom-共同vid-, vis-看,看见例:collaborate, collect, co-operate, corporation, company例:visible, vision, visual, evident, revise, visa, visitor, videocontra-, counter-反,相对bi-, bio-生命,生物例:contrast, controversial, counter, counteract, contradiction例:biochemistry, biography, biologyde-出,离;向下,贬低geo-地,地球例:depreciate (比:appreciate), degrade, destroy例:geography, geometry, geologydis-, di-, dif-离,分开;不,无;动作的相反或取消gram写,图形例:disabled, dissuade, differ, disappear, disagree, dislike, disadvantage例:graph, program, photograph, telegraminter-在…之间,相互log-言语,推理例:interaction, interfere, international, interrupt, interview例:logic, logical, apology, apologize, dialogue, monologueex-, e-, ef-出外,除去,完全cap-, capit-头例:emigrate, exclude, exhibition, expand例:cap, capital, captain, captionin-, im-内,向内,入cent(i)百,百分之一例:immigrate, include, imprison, indoors例:cent, century, centigrade, centimetreextra-以外,超过例:extra, extraordinaryin-, im-不,无,非例:impossible, illegal, illogical, inaccurate, irregular, impatient胡老师讲义常见后缀-dom表地位.身分.领域.条件.状况 -ion行为.结果.状态(n )例:freedom, kingdom, wisdom, boredom例:creation, pollution, expansion, foundation, invitation, interpretation-hood表状态.地位.特征 -tude表情况.性质(n )例:childhood, brotherhood, motherhood, neighborhood例:gratitude, longitude, multitude, solitude-ness表状态.性质 -ty状态.性质例:happiness, likeness, sadness, weakness, darkness, goodness例:beauty, loyalty, safety, certainty (n )-ship表性质.情况.地位.身分 -ure行为(结果).状态 (n )例:friendship, hardship, leadership, ownership, scholarship例:failure, mixture, closure, moisture-er,ar,or,ist,ant表做某事的人 (n) -y情况,能力(n )assistant例:recovery, modesty, misery, mastery例:painter, begg-d, -ed加在名等后后构成形(过分形式)(adj) -ette, -let小(n )例:aged, sleilled, talented, broken, golden-haired例:cassette, cigarette, tablet, booklet-en由...做成的(v) -al属于...的(a )例:wooden, woolen, waxen, oaken例:personal, musical, global, govemmental-fold表倍数 (n) -ary与...相关的,属于...的(a )例:twofold, fivefold 例:secondary, elementary, planetary-ful充满....的.富有....的(adj ) -able, -ible能...的,可...的(adj )例:cheerful, doubtful, harmful, skilful, hopeful, fruitful例:desirable, agreeable, lovable, comfortable, possible, responsible-ish如...的.似...的.有...性质的(adj ) -ic属于...的 (adj )例:boyish, girlish, selfish, blmish, blackish, greenish例:civic, academic, graphic-less无...的.不...的(adj ) -ive有...倾向的 (adj )例:fearless, harmless, hopeless, helpless, endless, aimless, needless例:active, massive, constructive-like如.. ..的.似...的(adj ) -ate做,造,成,使成分(v )例:dreamlike, warlike, fatherlike, starlike例:fascinate, decorate, evaporate-ly如...的.有...性质的;加在形后构成副(adj. adv ) -fy使成为 (v )例:manly, homely, lovely, friendly, kingly, widely, badly例:identify, purify, simplify, electrify, qualify-some如...的.似...的.有...性质的(adj )的.有...性质的(adj ) -ize, -ise(使)成为(及物v后缀)(v )例:tiresome, troublesome, burelensome例:realize, mechanize, criticise-ward向...的.朝...的(adv )例:eastward, outward, unward, backward, forward, westward例:windy, shady, muddy, icy, healthy, wealthy-en(及物动词后缀)(使)成为,(使)变得更(v )例:harden, shorten, deepen, sharpen, strengthen, frighten, widen-age行为,情况,总称(n )例:marriage, usage, percentage, advantage-ance, ancy,ence,ency行为,行为结果,状态,性质(n )例:abundance, guidance, excellence, frequency-ice构成抽象名词表行为.状态.性质(n )例:practice, cowardice, service-ment行为,行为的结果.手段.状态(n )例:payment, agreement, employment, improvement, equipmentexcitement, judgement。