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非谓语动词非谓语动词。
在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其它语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态的不同形式动词不定式动名词分词主动to do doing doing（同时，主动）被动to be done being done done（被动，完成）进行主动to be doing进行被动being done进行，被动主动完成to havedone having done having done（主动，完成一般作状语)被动完成to havebeen done having beendonehaving beendone(被动，完成一般作状语）非谓语动词在句中的作用主语宾语表语补语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√一：分词(现在分词和过去分词，分别表示：主动，行进&被动，完成)1)作定语The girl standing by the window is my sister.=The girl who is standing by the window is my sister.This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.= This is a book which was written by a famous Chinese writer.2) 作状语（一般表示时间，原因，条件，伴随）有时可将从句中when/while /unless/if 等保留(While/When)Walking in the street ,I saw her.=While/When I was walking in the street ,I saw her.（表示时间）Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.=When our school is seen from the hill,it looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们学校更美了。
非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的时态和语态形式一、非谓语动词的时态（不含过去分词）一般式：非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作可以与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后。
I saw he go out/going out.He stood there crying.He insisted on joining the army.Thank you for giving us so much help.完成式：非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I am sorry to have kept you waiting.He was praised for having taught for 60 years.Having finished the work he went home.不定式的完成式和完成进行式：只有动词不定式有这两种时态。
其进行式表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；其完成进行式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前一直进行。
They seems to be getting along well now.We’re happy to have been working with you.二、非谓语动词的语态（不含过去分词）一般被动式I’m glad to be invited here.He did it without being asked.The building being built is our school.The book is said to have been translated into chinese.It’ said that 据说…sb./sth. be said to do sth.据说某人某物…She has no memory of having been praised.The plan having been made, he carried it out at once.。
非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词: a.动词不定式b. v-ing c. 过去分词概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种：1.一般式to do I like to read English.2.进行式to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time.3.完成式to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room.4.被动式to be done The work is to be done soon.5.完成被动式to have been doneThe boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.疑问词+动词不定式What, who, which, where, when, how, why 等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。
二. 动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：常用 it 做形式主语，将 to do 位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
句型 1：It + 谓语 +(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to doIt takes us an hour _to get there by bus.It costs you only $ 100 a month to cook at home.It seemed impossible to save money.句型 2：It’s + n. (+ for sb) + to doIt’s our duty _t o_h e l p the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the countryside..It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.句型 3：It is + adj （+ for sb） to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）It is + adj （+ of sb） to do sth（是形容人的品质的）It is easy for me t o f i n i s h this work before ten.It is very kind of you t o g i v e me some help.It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.疑问词+不定式作主语When to start remains undecided.1.It is easy to get there by bus or taxi.2.It takes about 3 hours to see all the birds.3.It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full when you are eating.4.It’s our duty to take good care of the old.5.How long did it take you to finish the work?6.It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.7.When to start has not been decided.8.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.9.It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.10.It is useful for our health to do morning exercises.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语 I want to know this matter.I don’t expect to meet you here(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, fail, manage, learn, seem, forget, want, prepare, pretend, plan, wish 等They want to get_( get ) on the bus, didn’t they?He said he wishedt o b e(b e)a p r o f e ss o r.(2)it 作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting ．I find/feel it interesting to work with him．Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth.1.We thought _it better to_ start early.2.Do you consider _it better not _to_ go?3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that.4.We think it important _ to _ obey the law.5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)疑问词+不定式作宾语常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain…He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.The dictionary didn’t tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word.(4)作介词 but, except, besides 的宾语。
非谓语动词的时态、.doc非谓语动词指的是不带有主语和谓语关系的动词，常见的有动词不定式、动名词、分词等。
在语法上，非谓语动词在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词的形式，虽然没有时态，但在句子中却很重要。
接下来我们主要讲述非谓语动词的时态和用法。
一、动词不定式的时态：动词不定式没有时态的变化，它本身不表示具体的时态，但是它所表示的动作和状态与主句谓语动词的时态有一定的关系。
动词不定式与谓语动词在动作时间上存在以下关系：1.不定式的动作同时或早于主句谓语动词的动作。
例子：We need to finish the task by tomorrow.(我们需要在明天之前完成任务。
)不定式的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作发生之前，这个“需要完成任务”这个动作的时间是不确定的。
I am glad to have met you.(很高兴认识你。
)(她停下来和他交谈。
)He enjoys playing tennis.(他喜欢打网球。
)这个句子中，playing 是动名词，指正在进行的网球运动。
分词有过去分词和现在分词两种形式，它们都有时态和语态的变化，与不定式和动名词不同，它们能够表示被动、完成等语态和某些时间上的概念。
现在分词一般表示被动语态，也可以表示非持续性的动作或状态，其时态和主谓关系一致。
(睡着的孩子被抱到床上。
)过去分词形式分为 Regular 和 Irregular 两类。
Irregular 过去分词形式不规则，与动词原形不同(如 go –gone, eat –eaten)，而 Regular 过去分词形式与原形相同，加 -ed(如 play – played，work – worked)。
(凯特已经完成了她的工作。
)在这个句子中，finished 是过去分词，表示完成了的状态。
四、总结：1.动词不定式、动名词和分词都没有时态的变化。
2.动词不定式和动名词的用法和谓语动词的位置有关。
3.分词的时态和语态与主谓关系一致，但要根据实际情况使用。
