英语专业阅读教程第四册课后paraphrase的答案

ParaphraseUnit11.My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut and hope no one would notice I was a freshman.I planned to be observant and silent so that nobody would notice that I was a freshman.2.Popularity was not so important: running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival.It didn’t matter whether you were widely liked or not: you did not have to follow other people so as to be accepted by everybody else.3.This was my big chance to do my own thing, be my own woman----if I could get past my preoccupationwith doing everything perfectly.College offered a great chance for me to do my own thing and have my own style so long as I could give up the attempt to be perfect in everything.Unit21.He didn’t realize how hard his maxim hit. It often returns to haunt and rebuke me by raising the criticalproblem of priorities.He did not realize how much impact his works had on me. They often come to my mind and make me think of the important problem of priorities, and this is always the time I feel quite uneasy.2.But in the light of time’s perspective their deceptive prominence fades; with a sense of loss we recall theimportant tasks pushed aside.But as time passes, the urgent things gradually lose their seemingly importance, and at the same time we suffer from a sense of loss as we recall the important tasks that are left undone.Unit31.Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smotheredwith loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating. Food to us Chinese is one of the greatest joys in life: It is thought about before being prepared; it is treated with lots of love and care while being prepared; and when it is ready, it is enjoyed with excessive amount of time.2.It is this increased sensuality and the desire for great freedom age-bound habits in the West, combinedwith the inherent sensual concept of Chinese food, always quick to satisfy the taste buds, that is at the root of the sudden and phenomenal spread of Chinese food throughout the length and breadth of the Western World.The main reason for the sudden and tremendous popularity of Chinese food throughout the whole Western world lies in two facts: One is the increased desire for sensual pleasures and freedom from age-old customs in the West; the other is the notion of physical pleasure provided by Chinese food which is always ready to satisfy the taste of the eater.Unit51. But it did list his“survivors”quite accurately.But the obituary did list the family members of the dead man quite accurately.贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。

Lesson 4 the Trial That Rocked the World1、"Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks、"2、The case had erupted round my head、、、3、、、、no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U、S、History、4、"That's one hell of a jury!"5、"Today it is the teachers, "he continued, "and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers、6、"There is some doubt about that," Darrow snorted、7、、、、accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion、8、Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related、9、Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defense、10、My heart went out to the old warrior as spectator s pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand、1、“Don’t worry, young man, we have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial、”2、The case had e down upon me unexpectedly and violently;3、I was the last one to expect that my case would bee one of the most famous trials in U、S、History、4、The jury is a pletely inappropriate、5、Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to spread knowledge of science、6、“It is doubtful whether man has reasoning power,” said Darrow sarcastically and scornfully、7、、、、accused Bryan of demanding that a life or death struggle be fought between science and religion、8、People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a mon ancestry、9、Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witness for Scopes which was a brilliant idea、10、I felt sorry for Bryan as the spectators rushed past him to congratulate Darrow、Unit 6 Mark Twain Mirror of America1、Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn、Huck Finn is noted for his simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal andTom Sawyer is famous for his free roam of the country and his adventure in one summer which seems never to end、2、His work on the boat made it possible for him to meet a large variety of people、It is a world of all types of characters、3、All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed to be able to remember and record as accurately as a phonograph、4、Steamboat decks were filled with people of pioneering spirit and also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers, gamblers and thugs、5、He went west to Nevada by a horsepulled public vehicle, following the flow of people in the gold and silver rush、6、Mark Twain began to work hard as a newspaper reporter and humorist to bee wellknown locally、7、Those who came pioneering out west were energetic, courageous and reckless people, because those who stayed at home were the slow, dull and lazy people、8、That’s typical of California、9、If we relaxed, rested or stayed away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and kept the daring and enterprising spirit, we would be able to remain strong and healthy and continue to produce great thinkers、10、At the end of his life, he lost the last bit of his positive view of man and the world、Unit 9 “A More Perfect Union”The document they produced was eventually signed but ultimately unfinished、P1: After heated debate and promises, the Constitution was finally adopted by the Constitutional Convention and 39 out of 55 delegates signed the document、But the “threefifths” c lause and the twenty years allowed for the slave trade showed the slave issue was not solved, so the process of forming a more perfect union did not end with the enforcement of the Constitution、But it also es from my own story、P2: My personal background and my success story, rising from rags to riches, also teaches me the importance of unity、But it is a story that has seared into my genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more than the sum of its partthat out of many, we are truly one、P3: I am deeply ingrained, through my experience in the United States, with the idea that America is not a total of adding everything together but is the product of fusion, of sharing the same creed、Throughout the first year of this campaign, against all predictions to the contrary, we saw how hungry the American people were for this message of unity、P4: In spite of all announcements that America was not ready for a black president, that I would fail in the campaign, we gained momentum in the first year of the campaign, which showed that the American people demanded unity and change、Despite the temptation to view my candidacy through a purely racial lens, we won manding victories in states with some of the whitest populations in the country、P5: People were encouraged to judge me from the perspective of a black candidate, raising the question of whether the United State would fare better with a black president、However, we won great victories even in some of the more conservative states, with stronger racial bias、We saw racial tensions bubble to the surface during the week before the South Carolina primary、P6: The week before the Democrats were to select their delegates to the national convention in South Carolina, attacks on me, on blacks became more frequent, more intense、On one end of the spectrum, we’ve heard the implication that my candidacy is somehow an exercise in affirmative action; that it’s based solely on desire of wideeyed liberals to purchase racial reconciliation on the cheap、P7: At one end of the entire range of opinion, there are people who say that I decided to run because I wanted to show black and white should have equal opportunity and I wanted to play on the desires of naïve liberals to achieve racial harmony without making great effort、I can no more disown him than I can disown the black munity、P8: It is impossible for me to cast him off just as it is impossible for me to repudiate the black munity、Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King's English1、And it is an activity only of humans、(para 1)并且它就是人类特有得一种活动。

p a r a p h r a s e答案(校对版l e s s o n1-l e s s o n6)Unit 61. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. （答案已校对，原文未校对）The fact that we do not have evidence showing that there is life beyond Earth does not mean that we can come to the conclusion that there is actually no life beyond Earth .2. Examining them for the atmosphere signatures of a living world....examining these planets to see if the surrounding atmosphere can be identified asfitting for life.3. The optimists figure it’s only a matter of tim e before we tune in the right channel.Those who are optimistic think that as time goes on, they will someday get the signalsent out by an alien civilization.4. That’s what we need to begin the long process of putting human existence……Originally, we regard our world as the only one in the universe which is inhabited by intelligent humans, but we need to change our view and regard this world as one of manyin the universe.5. True believers and skeptics rarely go over to the other side.Neither those who genuinely believe that space aliens are lurking in our midst nor those who firmly reject such an idea are likely to change their views and join the other side.6. The alien is a Hollywood stock character but not a Hollywood creation.The alien is a character used too much in Hollywood films so it has become hackneyed but the idea of extraterrestrial life was not first brought up by Hollywood.7. The absence of detectable life on Mars put exobiology into a two-decade funk....the fact that no life had been detected on Mars was a terrible blow to exobiologywhich did not recover from the blow in the following 20 years.8. Everyone realized the historical glory of being right about these purposed……Everyone knew that if what appeared to be microfossils were confirmed to be such, thenthe discovery would be of historic significance; but if they proved to be something else, the adverse effect that followed would be equally dramatic.9. If you rewound the tape of terrestrial evolution and pl ayed it again……...if evolution on Earth were to take place a second time, a human being who is genetically similar to us would be the result of such evolution.10. So before we worry about our dealings with the Galactic Empire, we have some……Since there is so much work we need to do here in this world (since there are so many issues we need to address in this world), let us first concentrate on doing some solid research (on addressing these issues )and drop discussion about drafting messages to another civilization out there.Unit 51. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.I believe following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.2. One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress…One afternoon, when I went back to my dorm, Petey was lying on his bed. He wore such a depressed look that I came to the conclusion at once that he was suffering from appendicitis.3. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is as precise as a chemist's scales, began to work at high speed.4. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not……She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings or emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense.5. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not yet fully developed like pin-up girls but I felt sure that, given time, she would fill up and become jut as glamorous.6. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction. This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.7. If you were out of the picture, the field would be open.If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) other would be free to compete for her friendship.8. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked, his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not togive away Polly became weaker.9. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted…To teach her to think appeared to be a very big task, and at first I even thought of giving her back to Petey.10. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.Unit 41. Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna……are not needed by a writer.If you want to be musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer,you don't need all this.2. She would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.3. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her……the inkpot and flung it at her.Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power4. For though men sensibly allow themselves……condemn such freedom in women.It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I don't believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedomin women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women5. Indeed it will be a long time still, I think……a rock to be dashed against.It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body passions6. Even when the path is nominally open—when there is nothing to prevent a woman…Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman's progress.7. You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.(Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort,) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society which has been up to now dominated by menUnit31. Yet globalization……is a reality, not a choice.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2. Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign" cultural assault" .3. Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand....In China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4. Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5. Westernization…is a phenomenon shot with inconsistence and populated by bedfellows....Westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6. You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you don't need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant7. He…was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zon es.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living indifferent time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8. In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.The Gucci store didn't expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9. Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through…From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.10. The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Unit21. I pictured this prodigy part of me as……each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me best2. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts……filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3. The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things……awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some vary nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so I felt scared. But at the same time I felt good and relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last5. And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill out.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self-control would collapse, and I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.Unit 11.The job of arousing manhood within a people……is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2. Psychological freedom……against long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respectyourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to takepart in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he……assertive manhood his own emancipationproclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only whenhe/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love……c orrecting everything that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5. At that time economic status was considered ……ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was).6. The absence of worldly goods indicated……an d moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right andwrong.7. It is not the work of slaves……or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done,because they are forced to work by salve-drivers or they need to work in order to be fed andclothed.8. When the unjust measurement of human……is eliminated.…When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is doneaway with.9. He who hates does not know God……the meaning of ultimate reality.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God.Only those who havelove can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10. Let us be di ssatisfied until America……an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only takes about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.。

Lesson One1. Everybody, except me, is born with the ability to think.2. Y ou could hear the fresh air struggling with difficulty to find its way to his chest, because he was unaccustomed to this. (whichwas blocked in his chest and striving to get through it). He would stagger or be thrown off balance, and his face would go white because of the shock of the unexpected visit of fresh air. He would step away unsteadily to his desk and fell into the chair, unable to do anything for the rest of morning3. On this occasion, it seemed that it was not his thought but his natural instinct that ruled him, which he was unable to resist.4. T echnically speaking, it is about as incompetent as most businessmen's golf, as dishonest as most politicians' intentions, or as incoherent as most books that get written.”5. They usually represent the great majority in agreement. We had better respect them instead of distaining them, because the number of them is much larger than us and we are surrounded by them.6. It is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort, and harmony, which is the same nature that leads cows to graze in the same manner on the side of a hill. (or Man likes to be unanimous, it’s just the same as the cows, which like eating the grass …7. The second contradiction I have detected is to hear that our Prime Minister mentioned to offer great benefit to India and meanwhile put independence-fighters like Nehru and Gandhi into prison. The third contradiction is to hear that American politicians talk about peace but refuse to join the association of nations to maintain world peace. It’s true that this may bring a short instance of pleasure.8. I put my arm stealthily around her waist and said in low voice that if we were talking about the number of people who believe in certain kind of religion, I would bet on the Buddhists. She was frightened and fled away from me because of my delinquent behavior and our contradictory opinions on religion.9. What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. I had still some very close friends supporting me as usual. But mygrade-one thinking frightened away many of my acquaintances, who took the girls similar to Ruth.(But my acquaintances, together with their girls, were frightened away by my grade-one thinking.) Lesson Three1.For most students, they begin their study of history with a textbook in which there are a great number of names, dates and statistics for them to remember.(or Most students often study history through remembering a large amount of names, dates and statistics in thick textbooks.)2. History used to be an ordinary matter of memorizing “facts”, but now it turns to be an act of making the right choice out of many interpretations. Truth in history becomes a matter of personal likesor dislikes.3. They can only feel that absolutely opposed (or completely different) arguments about an event cannot both be right. However, it’s beyond their knowledge to decide which one should be right.4. They will find out information about the “Zimmerman Note”, an order the German Foreign Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman, sent to his minister in Mexico, which instructed the minister to propose an alliance to the Mexican government, in case a war may break out. Mexico, with the German financial support, was to go to war against the U.S. and re-conquer her lost territories from New Mexico, Texas and Arizona, which the United States had taken from Mexico in the Mexican War.5. Can we wipe out all the differences? We can (eliminate all disagreement) if our knowledge could give us a perfect model that completely explained human behavior. Unfortunately no such model has ever existed.Lesson Lix1. They are only based on tradition, or on somebody’s strong statement, but are not supported even by the least amount of proof.2. But if they were exchanged when they were infants and brought up in different homes and under different influences, then the staunchest Roman Catholic would be the staunchest Presbyterian, and vice versa. This shows that our beliefs are largely influenced by our surroundings.3. We can conclude based on all our knowledge of psychology, that each would have grown up having exactly the opposite beliefs to what they have now.4. …we may still remember that in th e history of human development, there have been too many cases that the previous “obvious truths” were proved wrong when new knowledge and reason had been developed.5. It took many scientists of greatest learning hundreds of years to struggle against the assumption that the planets moved in circles. The success of getting rid of that assumption is one of the miracles in human history.6. Many modern people are hard to believe that for some time men had ever thought they were thinking with their hearts.7. We hold and cling to some beliefs merely because it is in our interest to believe them. (or it brings benefit or advantage to us to do so.)But people who hold some beliefs through self-interest usually will not admit this.8. Many people are unconsciously forced to hold a belief because he has become an important person in his group. (or a certain group of people)Lesson Nine1. But I may take the liberty of suggesting (or make bold to suggest) that you’ll find my idea of fun more interesting than Ivan’s? (So I guess you’d better choose to play the game with me.)2. He nodded toward Ivan, who was standing in the corner of the room, whose chest was as big and thick as a barrel．3. Y our brain will be competing with mine. Y our skill will be competing with mine. Y our strength and endurance will be competing with mine. It will be just like outdoor chess. And in the game our stakes are our precious lives.4. He was on a small island surrounded by the sea. What he could do was restricted within the limit of the island.5. He performed a series of complicated loops; He moved round and round, covering the same trail again and again so as to confuse his pursuer, remembering all the things he learned in fox hunt and the way the hunted fox tried to escape.6. It made him tremble all over. (Or: A feeling of horror swept over him. )7. He had had the same kind of experience in France, when he haddug a hole just in time to save himself from death. However, that urgent moment seemed nothing compared with this time.8. For Rainsford, a minute seemed as long as a year because hewas so frightened and anxious.9. “Y our Burmese tiger pit has killed one of my best dogs.’’10. “Rainsford can now sleep in this wonderful bed, and he is thewinner.” Rainsford came to a conclusion.。

英语专业阅读教程第四册课后paraphrase的答案Unit one passage two P61 Many children refuse to eat animal meat at first. They later become used to eating it because their parents try hard to persuade them to eat.2 There are two different and conflicting attitudes towards animals. They are carefully separated so that the existing and the essential contradiction between the two hardly causes trouble.3 Picture books and stories deliberately avoid presenting the real situation in our modern farms. Children, therefore, are kept from seeing the reality.4 The difficulty will be that non-vegetarian parents do not want to let their children know the gruesome side of the story, as they are afraid that their children will refuse to eat meat at meals because of their sympathy towards animals.5 Unfortunately, non-vegetarian parents will strongly disapprove of their children’sunwillingness to eat meat.Passage 3 P 161 When his animals are being experimented on, the act doesn’t take effect.2 Your experimenter is not refused to obey law.3 Researchers at Louisiana State University launched an eight-year, $2 million project funded by the Department of Defense. They use tools to hold cats firmly and then they remove cats’skulls and shoot them in the head.4 The experimenters claim that their purpose for this kind of experiment is to find a way of curing the brain-wounded soldiers so that they later can go back to military service.5 psychologists use medical operations to turn around the eyes of young cats.6 there is other evidence showing that cats were not adequately anesthetized while experimenters cut their eye muscles; animalexperimentation was done by people who were not trained and did not have licenses to operate on animals, and the mother cats was conflicted such great torture on by the experiments that they ate their babies.Unit 2 passage two P 331 now we can enjoy the benefits and list in what ways we benefit from his death.2 There must be some other benefits by fastening Harding into a chair in a tiny room and poisoning him to death with gas.3 not even people who are eloquently in supporting of executing people, such as Arizona Attorney Grant Woods, who attracts much public attention, believe that death penalty will keep people from committing crimes.4 but even killing a small number of murderers will have great impact on people5 perhaps the benefit got form killing Harding is not easy to see.Passage 3 page 381 her voice and her expression show that she is sometimes deep in sorrow and sometimes furious beyond her control.2 This sense of justice, like many other basic beliefs, is such a necessary element for us to maintain our psychological health that we take it too granted and hardly ever become aware of its existence, until one day it was severely violated.3 People’s opinions greatly differ as to what is the properway for correcting wrong behavior.4 Europeans are very passionate when coming to the issue of taking tough measures on political violence.Passage 4 page 441 carefully examined Tony’s bed to see if he had dirtied it with his body fluids.2 when I looked at the sickly old man, I couldn’t imagine that he used to be clean and neat, serious and determined, and that herobbed a bank and killed a cop.3 Many people in the underworld believed that Tony should have done something for his partner, but he did nothing, which badly hurts his partners. The underworld people believed Tony’s partners had been betrayed.4 words had gone around that T ony’s wife was murdered because the underworld people wanted to revenge against tony for the death of his three crime partners.5 The lights shining in the window made the hollows in his dark face look deeper, making him look like somewhat evil.Unit 5 passage 1 p1041competition plays such an important part in our culture that it is common to see even adults are screaming and swearing in the Sunday afternoon. This is ridiculous and I feel very bad about it..2 from my own experience, I don’t think we can d evelop deep and full relationship bytrying to compete and win against a common enemy.3 If my success means that I have to do better than others, I don’t think I will ever feel real satisfactory, because I have to keep thinking of how to outdo others, which was very unpleasantan exhausting.4 even when I reach the top position, I will not feel safe as all those below me are waiting to outdo me and trying to grab the position from me.5 I start to see that my confidence in my personal value and worth is depended on how much better I am than so many others in so many activities.6 only when we begin to realize that there is no such a thing as healthy competition can we begin to live more normal and richer lives.Passage 2 p1091 You knew that one had healthy self-esteem when he/she could enjoy competing in a hobbywhere he/she was not very good at.2 A true competition is one in which you don’t know for sure whether or not you will able to achieve your aim.3 For many of us, competition is an additional ingredient that keeps our life interesting, makes us alter and active and enables us to become more creative and productive.4 It can be a good part of our life and exerts a great influence on how we live.5 parents must also set an example of how to compete pleasantly in their own lives.Passage 31 competition can be fun, but we may be overenthusiastic and unreasonable about it.2 candidates who sit in a test performance in order to join certain bands can get undeniable violent and aggressive.3 feel free to find a gift in yourself develop it and embarrass those who dare to challenge you.4 if competition is not fun and people find themselves are extremely worried about an event which they are competing in. why not stop going through it?。

Lesson One Thinking as a Hobby1.Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left meout.Everybody, except me, is born with the ability to think.2.You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the u naccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, use less for the rest of the morning.You could hear the fresh air struggling with difficulty to find its way to his chest, be cause he chest seemed to be unhealthy, as drinking had obviously harmed his lungs.He would lose balance and his face would become pale as a result of the unexpected attack of the wind. He would not be able to stand steadily so that he had to fallinto the chair, unable to do anything for the rest of the morning.3.In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by an invisible and irresistible spring in the neck.In this situation, it seemed that it was not his thought but his natural instinct that rul ed him, which he was unable to resist.4.Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen’s golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written.Precisely speaking, it is as incompetent as most businessmen’s golf, as dishonest as m ost politicians’ intentions, or as incoherent as most books that get written.The author holds most businessmen, politicians and writers in contempt; in his eyes, t hey are incompetent, dishonest and incoherent.（This ironical sentence shows that the author not only considers those people incomp etent, dishonest and incoherent, but also despises most businessmen, distrusts most poli ticians and dislikes most publications.）5.They have immense solidarity. We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded.They usually represent the great majority. We had better respect them instead of distai ning them, because the number of them is much larger than us and we are surrounded by them.6.Man enjoys agreement as cows will gaze all the same way on the side of a hill.It is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, secu rity, comfort, and harmony, which is the same nature that leads cows to gaze in the s ame manner on the side of a hill.7.To hear our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on Indiaby jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there were moments of deli ght.The first contradiction I have detected is to hear that our Prime Minister (the British government) mentioned to offer great benefit to India and meanwhile put India indepe ndence-fighters like Nehru and Gandhi into prison. The second contradiction is to hear that American politicians talk about peace but refuse to join the association of nation s to maintain world peace. I get temporary happiness occasionally.8.I slid my arm around her waist and murmured that if we were counting heads,the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my ar m and those countless Buddhists was too much for her.I put my arm stealthily around her waist and said in low voice that if we were talking about the number of people who believe in certain kind of religion, I believe the Buddhists are greater in number. She was frightened and fled away because of my deli nquent behavior and our contradictory opinions on religion, which are more than she could accept.9.It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, andstill do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them.What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. I had still some very close friends supporting me as usual. But my grade-two thinking frightened away many of my acquaintances.Lesson Three Why Historians Disagree1.Most students are usually introduced to the study of history by way of a fat textbook and become quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events and s tatistics.For most students, they begin their study of history with a thick textbook in which t here are a great number of names, dates and statistics for them to remember.2.History, which seemed to be a cut-and-dried matter of memorizing “facts”, nowbecomes a matter of choosing one good interpretation from among many. Histor ical truth becomes a matter of personal preference.It seemed that history is a routine of facts-memorizing. Now it becomes to be a abo ut picking a good interpretation out of many available to them. Historical facts beco me a matter of personal likes or dislikes.3.They cannot help but feel that two diametrically opposed points of views aboutan event cannot both be right; yet they lack the ability to decide between them.They can only feel two completely different viewpoints can’t both be right. But they are not able to figure out which is the right one.4.They will read of the interpretation of the “Zimmerman Note,” in which the German foreign secretary ordered the German minister in Mexico, in the event of war, to suggest an alliance between Germany and Mexico whereby Mexico, with German support, could win back territory taken from Mexico by the Unite d Stat es in the Mexican War.They will find out information about the interpretation of the “Zimmerman Note”. In the “Zimmerman Note”, the German foreign secretary issued an order to the German minister in Mexico that in case a war should break out, he makes a proposal to the Mexican government that German and Mexico form an alliance. In this way, Mexico could get support from the German government to reclaim its territory taken by the U.S. in the Mexican War.5.＊Can we eliminate all disagreement? If the state of our knowledge were suchthat it provided us with a model of unquestioned validity that completely explain ed human behavior, we can.Can we get rid of all disagreement? We can if our knowledge could give us a perfe ct model that is always valid and logically sound to completely explain human behavi or. (Unfortunately, no such model has ever existed.)6.＊Their common-sense reaction to this state of affairs is to conclude that one historian is right while the other is wrong.When faces with this situation, their response based on common sense is that one his torian is right and the other, wrong.7.＊In its broadest sense, history denotes the whole of the human past.In the broad meaning of the word, history refers to the whole of human past.8.＊More restricted is the notion that history is the recorded past, that is, that part of human life which has left some sort of record such as folk tales, artifacts, or written.In a more restricted sense, history is understood as the recorded past.9.＊But this does not say enough.But this does not explain everything.10.＊Moreover, they also re-created parts of the past. Like detectives, they piece together evidence to fill in the gaps in the available records.As available records are always incomplete, that is, there are always missing links or gaps in the evidence, historians therefore will have to do some guessing to fill in th ose gaps or find the links. Like detectives, historians also have to rely on deductive and inductive methods.Lesson Four A Drink in the Passage1.”My parents, and my wife’s parents, and our priest, decided that I wasn’t feeling up to it. And finally I decided so too.”My parents, my wife’s parents and our priest all thought it unwise and risky to attend the ceremony and my poor health condition could be a good excuse. So finally I didn’t go, saying that I wasn’t feeling well.2.”…I’m a sculptor, not a demonstrator.”“I’m a sculptor; I don’t like the idea of making my going to get the award a political issue.”3.”In Orlando you develop a throat of iron.”In Orlando if blacks are caught drinking brandy, they would get into trouble. So if they should drink brandy, they would drink very quickly. So gradually, they have come to have a strong throat like iron.4….so I thought I’d go and see the window, and indulge certain pleasurable human feelings.…so I thought that I’d go and see the window and enjoy secretly some pleasant feelings—feelings of pride for my genius.5. “You know it’s by one of your own boys, don’t you?”Do you know it’s a piece of work created by a black man like you?6. “She knows it won’t be an easy life.”“She knows that her child born black will live a hard life in South Africa where apartheid is practiced and black people are discriminated against.”7. “I didn’t feel like a drink at that time of night…”I didn’t want to drink because I would be in trouble if the police caught me drinking late at night.8. He was n’t looking around to see if anyone might be watching.He didn’t mind being found with a black man so he didn’t look here and there to be sure that nobody saw him with a black.9. I said unwillingly, “Yes.”He looked so sincere that I felt that I had to accept his invitation although I knew it was very late.10. Now I certainly had not expected that I would have my drink in the passage.I wasn’t only thinking what you may be thinking…I had thought that I would be invited into his apartment and sit down and drink with him properly. You may think that I thought it an insult to drink in the passage. But I wasn’t feeling that way.11. “Our land is beautiful. But it breaks my heart.”“Our country is beautiful, but it makes me extremely sad.”12. …as though they wanted…to touch me somewhere and didn’t know how……as if they wanted to follow God’s word and show their compassion and love towards me but they didn’t know how they can do it.13. And I thought it was a pity he was blind, for if men never touch each other, they’ll hurt each other one day.I believed that it was a pity that he didn’t understand what prevented him from understanding us, because if people don’t understand and trust each other, they will someday hurt each other.14. What he was thinking, God knows, but I was thinking he was like a man trying to run a race in iron shoes, and not understanding why he cannot move.I was not able to understand completely what he was thinking at that moment, but I suppose that it was the prejudice in him that prevented him from expressing his love and compassion for blacks like me.Lesson six Groundless Beliefs1.They rest upon mere tradition , or on somebody’s bare assertionunsupported by even a shadow of proof …They are only based on tradition ,or on somebody’s assertion , but are not supported even by the least amount of proof .2.But if the staunchest Roman Catholic and the staunchest Presbyterian hadbeen exchanged when infants , and if they had been brought up with home and all other influences reversed , we can have very little doubt what the result would have been .But if they were exchanged when they were infants and brought up in different homes and under different influences , then the staunchest Roman Catholic would be the staunchest Presbyterian , and vice verse .This shows that our beliefs are largely influences by our surroundings .3. It is consistent with all our knowledge of psychology to conclude that …We can make a conclusion according to our knowledge of our psychology .4. …we should remember that the whole history of the development of humanthought has been full of cases of such “obvious truths ”breaking down when examined in the light of increasing knowledge and reason .We still remember that the history of development of human thought are madeup to such truths broken down by those new and increasing knowledge .5. The age-long struggle of the greatest intellects in the world to shake offthat assumption is one of the marvels of history .It took many scientists of greatest learning hundreds of years to struggle against the assumption that the planets moved in circles . The success of getting rid of that assumption is one of the miracles in human history .6. Many modern persons find it very difficult to credit the fact that men canever have supposed otherwise .Many modern people are hard to believe that people in ancient time had ever thought they were thinking with their hearts .7. We adopt and cling to some beliefs because--- or partly because ---it“pays”us to do so . But , as a rule , the person concerned is about the last person in the world to be able to recognize this in himself .We hold onto some beliefs only because that we can gain some interests in the ideas .But usually the person who holds the idea can not recognize it by himself .8. There is many a man who is unconsciously compelled to cling to a beliefbecause he is a “somebody” in some circle ---Many people are forced to accept a belief because he is an important person ina certain group . If he gives up the belief , he would be nothing at all in thegroup .。

Paraphrasing:1. Given the unique charm of the Lakes, small wonder then that some of the country’s best writers lived and loved here.Paraphrase: Considering the exclusive attractiveness, it’s not surprising for so many best writers in the country to live and love here.2.Her account of nodding daffodils beside Ullswater, after an idyllic spring 1802 walk, inspired her brother’s most famous poem.Paraphrase: Her description of the dancing daffodils beside Ullswater after a walk in a delightful spring in 1802 had given inspiration to her brother’s writing of the most famous poem.3. How should a manager handle the problem in a multicultural environment? Paraphrase: How should a manager deal with the problem of being late in a climate with a variety of cultures.4. A manager should try to break their bad habits through counseling, repeatedly if required. Paraphrase: A manager should try to make them give up their bad habits by talking to the latecomers until they understand the importance of punctuality in the modern business world, if it is necessary he should repeat doing this.5.If pride in a good name keeps families and neighborhoods straight, a sense of shame is the reverse side of that coin.Paraphrase: Just as pride in a good name encourages people to act well at home and in public, if they feel ashamed when they do something bad, this will lead them to avoid bad behavior. 6. ...one may attend to matters of business, and one's heart or interest may be altogether elsewhere...Paraphrase: One may take care of business matters, and at the same time one may be absent-minded...7. The London restaurateur Fu Tong, for example, quotes no less an authority than Confucius (the ancient sage known in Chinese as K'ung-Fu-Tzu) with regard to the primal importance of food.Paraphrase: For instance, the London manager Fu Tong cites an important authority as Confucius (the ancient sage known in Chinese as K'ung-Fu-Tzu) in relation to the supreme importance of food.8. Certainly, a kind of Chinese food was exported to North American when many thousands of Chinese went there in the 19th century to the work on such things as the U.S. railways. Paraphrase: Many Chinese emigrated to America (especially to the western part of the USA) in the 19th century to work on railway construction jobs and they brought with them some kind of Chinese food.9. He detects an increased interest in sensuality in the Western world: ...all these have become much more part and parcel of the average person's life than they have ever been. Paraphrase: He noticed that the interest in love of sensual pleasure was increasing in the Western world: ... sensual pleasures ( colours, texture, movement, food, drink, rock music) have become an important part of people's lives in the West.10.It is a shared experience for the participants, not a lonely chore, with its procession of planned and carefully contrived dishes, some elements designed to blend, others to contrast.它需要从那与这共同分享，而非各自份额任务，因为有一系列经认真策划、精心设计的菜肴，其中一些成分是用于调味，另一些则用于衬托。

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.Unit 1 1.…there has been this long lull with nothing particular up!…Britain has been in too long a period of stillness without taking any particular action against the enemy!2.…we must “… meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostorsjust the same.”…we are sure to experience both Triumph and Disaster, and we must treat them as the same thing different appearances because they are essentially interchangeable.3.…never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense.…never give in unless we are convinced that it is honourable and sensible for us to do so.4.Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate.Other nations thought that Britain was completely conquered.5.…we have only to persevere to conquer.…we will win as long as we hold on to the end.Unit 2 1.The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it.The phrase “personal space” has an odd touch that was characteristic of the 1970s.2.T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, or less).In hot summer days, people can be drawn to each other, especially to the opposite sex (or feel disgusted with the closeness of others.)3.The logistics of it vary according to geography.People in different regions are given different sizes of personal space. 4.…individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant forfoursomes.…it is quite common that one person occupies a booth and a set of facing seats designed for four people.5.Even the focus of science these days is micro, not macro.Even science focuses on the intra-personal, inner world rather than theinterpersonal, outer society these days.6.In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan may eventuallyproduce a tidal in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space.Because the initial invasion of personal space can cause a chain of reactions,which may bring about a catastrophic consequence, as the breeze from abutterfly’s wings in Japan, if it initiates a chain of waves, may eventually producea tidal wave in California, I have decided to enlarge the shrinking personal space.Unit 3 1.Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is thecommunications modal equivalent of international waters.As there are relatively few restrictions for reaching and using the Internet,communications via the Internet are comparable to traveling through theinternational waterways.2.But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may beresponsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.A lot of people talk about the “new information age”, but not so many people areacquainted with the idea that the Internet separates people from each other and fragments society further as a result.3.It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above allelse, and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace, where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster.I think that in our society the top priority is given to the satisfaction of one’simmediate needs. The Internet is the best tool for this purpose, for on the Internet one can do whatever he likes to.Unit 41.It was therefore left to Yamahata to record, methodically – and, as it happens, witha great and simple artistry – the effects ...The responsibility was therefore placed on Yamahata’s shoulders to record the effects systematically and incidentally with a great and simple artistry.2.That absence, even more than wreckage, contains the heart of the matter.That vanished city rather than its remains represents the true measure of the event.3.In the photographs, Nagasaki comes into its own.In the photographs, Nagasaki regains its own status.4.… the human imagination had stumbled to exhaustion in the wreckage of the firstruined city without reaching even the outskirts of the second.… the huma n imagination had been exhausted and stopped at the wreckage of the first ruined city and failed to reach even the outskirts of Nagasaki.5.… we seem to need, in addition, some other picture to counterpoise against ruinedNagasaki ...… apart from the pictur es of Nagasaki we seen to need some other picture toinspire in us a hope of life to counterbalance the sense of doom suggested by the ruined Nagasaki…Unit 5 1.Slowly, it planned across the tapestry of friendship…Slowly, the movie gave a panoramic picture of friendship…2.This wasn’t just another binge of trendiness, but a kind of cinema verite.This was not simply a shift from one fashion to another, but a truthful description of friendship.3.Well, that duality must have been mortally wounded in some shoot- out at theYou’re OK, I’m OK Corral.The two sides must have been mortally wounded in the OK Corral gunfight.4.Buddies hang tough together; friends hang onto each other.Buddies hold on together in face of adversity; friends cling tightly to each other for emotional support.Unit 6 1.July 4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge of unease aboutthe great lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and is prompted to try to fill the gaps.July 4 is one of the times I, as a native American, feel instinctively uneasy about the great gaps in our children’s understanding of their American identity, and thusI am motivated to do something to fill the gaps.2.And our physical separation from our native land is not much of an issue.And living away from our native country does not matter much (in our children’s acquisition of our native language).3.In my day little French kids looked like nothing other than little French kids…When I lived in France as an expatriated child, the French kids were dressed in the unique French style, thus looking quite different from their counterparts in other countries.4.That experience no longer seems possible in Western countries – a saddevelopment, in my view.Full immersion in a truly foreign world no longer seems possible in Westerncountries, and I think this is a deplorable impact of globalization upon the growth of children in a foreign country.Unit 7 1.Television commercials seem to work best in close elections or in those wherethere is a large vote.Television advertising seems to have the greatest effect in elections where therivals are well- matched or in those where a large number of voters have notdecided which side to take.2.It dictates priorities that are different from those of an earlier day.The intervention of television in the present- day campaign determines whatfactors the candidate should consider before others, and these priorities of today are different from those of the past.3.All of the recent Presidents have learned how to use the medium to theiradvantage, to “stage” events so as to receive maximum favorable coverage.All the winning candidates in the presidential election have learnt how to make full use of television, to put on TV shots in the way he can win the most favor of the electorate.4.It can be argued that since the 1960 presidential debates we have elected people,not platforms. This is a major departure from earlier years.It can be argued that since the 1960 presidential debates we have paid moreattention to the candidates themselves than to their policies. This is an orientation very much different from that in earlier years.5.Once he was President it was the intimate nature of the medium that helped bringhim down.When Nixon was President, television led to his resignation just because the medium disclosed his guilt in the Watergate scandal.。

1.Everybody, except me, was born with the ability to think.2.You could hear the wind was caught in his chest, and the fresh air had to strugglewith difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unfamiliar with this. He would be thrown off balance, and his face would turn pale. He would return unsteadily to his desk and fall down in his chair, unable to do anything for the rest of the morning.3.At that time, it seemed to me that he was not controlled by thought, and it was theworking of his genes that compelled him to turn his head toward young girls.4.Practically, grade-three thinking is as incompetent as most businessmen’s golf, asdishonest with most politician s’ speech, as incoherent as most publications.5.Grade-three thinkers usually represent the great majority. We had better respectthem because we are fewer in number and surrounded by them.6.It is human nature to enjoy agreement because it may bring peace, comfort andharmony, just as cows will eat the same part of grass as the same way as the others do.7.Our Prime Minister would talk about the great benefits we provided to India,while at the same time our government put people like Nehru and Gandhi into prison. American politicians would talk about peace, while meanwhile they refused to join the League of Nations. Yes, to see these ridiculous examples of grade-three thinkers, as a grade-two thinker, there is temporary satisfaction.8.I put my arm around Ruth’s waist quietly and said in a low voice that if we tookthe number of people into consideration, I would bet the Buddhists were the greatest in number. She escaped because my touch and the thought of the great number of Buddhists were more than she could accept.9.What had happened to Ruth and I now happened again and again. I had somegood friends who supported me and share the same belief with me. But my grade-two thinking frightened away many of my acquaintances.1.Bella was young and pretty and was seen as the beauty of the boarding-house, butno one had shown any particular interest in her.2.Mr. Penbury was intelligent, but no one in the boarding-house liked him for that.(He was too smart for them, and everybody felt annoyed.)3.But Mrs. Mayton would not tolerate any silence for more than three minutes. Sowhen no one broke the silence within three minutes she lost her patience and, turning to Penbury and asked.4.Mr. Calthrop was urging Mr. Penbury to give an answer immediately so that hewould not have the time to make up a story.5.The weapon went through Mr. Wainwright’s heart.6.We all know you are a sleep walker, so you may commit the murder in your sleep.7.Mr. Penbury advises Mr. Calthrop not to put so much emphasis on his statementwhen talking to the police if he does not want to arouse their suspicion about his story.8.“No,” Miss Wicks answered, “I have come to put an end to your cough.”Paraphrase in Lesson 31.For most students, they begin their study of history with a thick textbook in whichthere are a great number of names, dates and statistics for them to remember.2.Superficially, history seems to be a routine matter of memorization. But sincethere are different conclusions because historians view the past from a different perspective, history becomes a matter of choosing one of the best explanations. In this way, historical truth becomes a matter of personal likes or dislikes.3.Students cannot help feeling that two completely differently points of view aboutan event cannot both be true, but they do not have the ability to judge which one is true.4.Hi storians will find out information about the catching of the “Zimmerman Note”,a coded communiqué from the German Foreign Secretary to the German Ministerin Mexico. According to the “Note”, if the war broke out, the German Minister should propose a German-Mexican alliance to the Mexican government to fight against the U.S. By means of this, Germany would give Mexico generous financial support, and help her to re-conquer her lost territories from the U.S.5.Can we get rid of all disagreement? We can if our knowledge could give us aperfect model that completely explained human behavior. Unfortunately no such model has ever existed.Paraphrase in Lesson 41.“My relatives and friends persuaded me not to go to the ceremony personallybecause it was too risky. At last, I decided so too.”2.“I’m only a sculptor and I was not interested in politics.”3.“When black folks in Orlando drank brandy, frequently they had to put back theirhead and drink it up in one gulp in order to avoid police detection, and because brandy is a very strong drink, you gradually develop a very strong throat — like a throat of iron.”4.“So I thought I’d go and see the window, and enjoy secretly some pleasantfeelings — feelings of pride for one’s genius.”5.“You may not know that this sculpture was made by a black person like you.”6.“The mother in the sculpture knows that there will be much suffering waiting forher and her baby.”7.“I don’t want to have a drink because it is very late now. As a black man, I am notallowed to stay in the city late at night.”8.He wasn’t caring about other people’s opinion concerning his walking along withsuch a black man like me.9.Simelane didn’t want the young white man to know he was educated, for he knewif he said “yes”, the stranger would naturally want to know how far he had gone.10.I didn’t expect that I had to have my drink in the corridor. You may be thinkingthat it was an insult to have me drink in the passage instead of inviting me into their apartment, to sit down and drink properly. Yes, I was feeling that way. But there was something else. I was also afraid that one of the cold, unfriendly doors might open at any moment and someone might see me in this “whites only”building, drinking with a white man and breaking the laws on drinking.11.“I felt proud of the beautiful scenery of our country, but I also felt sorry about itsApartheid laws.”12.It looked as if these white people wanted to forget the racial difference and toknow me, but it’s a pity they do not know how. The invisible barrier was still there between the white and the black.13.I thought I was a pity that the young white man had been influenced by racism forso long that he was now unable to see the truth and behave accordingly. It was bad because if you don’t understand each other and don’t care for each other, some day you will hurt each other. Racial prejudices are bound to lead to terrible sufferings for both sides.14.I didn’t know what he was thinking, but I was thinking that he was much like aman trying to run but couldn’t because he was still not completely free from racist prejudices which were dragging his feet like iron shoes. The sad thing was that he still did not know what was preventing their land, which otherwise was so beautiful, from becoming a country that would not break his heart. The wall was in his own heart.。

Unit 4 Wisdom of Bear WoodI Pre-class work1. Paraphrase.1) I spent most of my time wandering in the forests and the fields alone, acting Robin Hood, daydreaming collecting bugs and bird-watching. (Para. 3)2) To live a quiet life and not to get involved with other people was my way of avoiding any friendship that I would only have to abandon the next time we moved. (Para. 3)3) But one day I began a friendship just by chance. (Para. 3)4) I started to take a long walk.., to a dense growth of trees called Bear Wood. (Para. 4)5) Yes, they are watchful; But the bad thing is that some gamekeepers have been killing them since they got here and they were brought into this place form somewhere else, not born and raised here. (Para.11)6) I looked at the cabinets with glass windows that contained statues and models carved out of ivory and stone trays of butterflies fastened with pins and.., about twelve birds that were made into specimens. (Para. 18)7) I learn a lot of knowledge, taught by nature itself, about the things I can see--the birds, insects, trees, and flowers, and the things I cannot see--ideas, scientific laws and principles. I also learn a lot about the things that change, including life itself, as well as the things that are changeless like friendship, love, and many basic values. (Para. 37)2. Learn to use the dictionary and other reference books.1) Give the definition of the following.(1) odds and ends: small things of various kinds without much value(2) rather than: instead of2) Find the synonyms and the antonyms of the following in a Thesaurus.(1) immense antonyms: little, small, tiny, minute(2) to glow synonyms: to radiate, to blare, to blaze, to brighten, to gleam, to shine3. W0rd-building.l) Give corresponding nouns of the following verbs.(1) possession (2) endurance (3) penetration(4) encounter (5) retirement (6) suspicion/suspect(7) abandonment (8) inclination (9) exploration(10) recovery (11) warning (12 ) proceeding(13) fascination (14) form/formation (15) glimpse2) Give corresponding nouns of the following adjectives.(1) anxiety (2) misery (3) density(4) instinct (5) familiarity (6) essence(7) immensity (8) stupidity (9) suddenness(10) invisibility (11) generosity (12) productivity(13) fondness (14) equivalency3) Guess the meaning of the following, based on the rules of word-building you have learned.(1)一个吸引人的故事(2)一番引言，开场白(3)令人惊异的快速康复(4)一份费力的工作(5)集体的努力(6)一个可爱的人(7)一番深刻的分析(8)渴望权力的人们(9)使铁路行业私有化(10)一位非常娇惯子女的母亲(II)一次毫无意义的行动(12)秘密的行为(13)被认为是不可触知的(14)他那好笑的笨拙的样子(15)外汇收入(16)看上去可疑的(17)能见度低(18)听起来迂腐的(19)有很多崇拜者(20)积累的资金(21)易变的天气(22)无色的液体(23)冗长的讲话4) Study carefully and discover new rules of word-building.(1) the adjectives used as verbs(2) the suffix "-ify" added to the end of a word to change it to a verb, meaning to make something be in the stated state or condition(3) the compound nouns consisting of two words with the first one as the object of the action denoted by the second one More Work on the TextII Vocabulary1. Translate1) into English.(1) to explore the secrets of nature (2) to endure pain and suffering(3) to earn everyone's admiration (4) to suspect a dirty plot(5) to introduce this sheep (6) to surround the enemy(7) to demand an open apology (8) to extend her hand(9) to roam the fields (10) to dangle his feet(11) to catch one's breath (12) to give permission(13) to abandon hope (14) to accumulate experience(15) to form a strong team (16) to possess property(17) to design a new model (18) to collect facts2) into Chinese.(1)一次有收获的经历(2)看起来似乎不同(3)零星的东西(4)古老的城堡(5)铁丝网篱笆(6)石雕的人或动物像(7)人间天堂(8)制成标本的鸟(9)密集的月桂树丛(10)铺着柔软地毯的地板(11)一种珍稀动物(12)潜在的购买者(13)晒干了的树叶(14)样子很熟悉的房子(15)笨拙的动作(16)退休工人(17)面上有玻璃的书架(18)高倍望远镜2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1) Give synonyms.(1) to wander (2) to give up(3) great, large, massive, huge (4) heavenly, sacred(5) heaven (6) to look at(7) to continue (8) dear(9) lasting (10) attractive, admirable(11) silently (12) to watch(13) weak (14) to alarm, to give a start(15) to gather (16) to teach(17) to own (18) to surprise, to astonish(19) sadly thoughtful (20) alert, watchful, cautious2) Give antonyms.(1) minor (2) unhappy, displeased (3) thin(4) hell (5) public (6) introduced(7) invisible (8) unseen (9) harmful(10) colorless (11) center (12) great3. Translate.1) There are still hundreds of millions of people in the world today who earn less than a dollar a day.2) So many people get stomach cancer. I suspect that the water we drink may be seriously polluted.3) We have earned strong support of the government to make smoking illegal in public places.4) He has earned the great admiration of the people as an honest government official.5) Old people in China today are not inclined to live with their children.6) I am inclined to look at things from the bright side.7) The smugglers seem to know all our actions. I suspect that someone among us is passing secret information to them.8) She says that she just doesn't feel inclined to work today.9) We could not identify the body because it was too badly burnt.10) These people roam from place to place without regular jobs and without social identity. More and more people now regard it as unfair.11) I still regard it as important for our young people to care about their national identity.12) With regard to flood control, I am still inclined to think that to plant more trees is more important than anything else.4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.1) B 2) D 3) A 4) A 5) D 6) D 7) B/C 8) C5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expression below.1) wrench myself away from it 2) care to 3) keeping to herself4) Thanks to, as it were 5) odds and ends 6) went by, at ease7) with a will 8) filled up 9) at ease10) brim over 11) bursting with 12) verges on13) slipped through 14) verges against 15) warned against, as it were6. Choose the right word in the given context.1) (1) crawl (2) climbed (3) crept (4) creep/crawl2) (1) tone (2) tune (3) tune (4) tone3) (1) extend (2) expand (3) extended (4) expand4) (1) doubt (2) suspect (3) doubted (4) suspect5) (1) lonely (2) alone (3) alone, lonely (4) alone7. Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or word which happen to have the same spelling.1)讨厌鬼就是那种你希望他听的时候他却偏要说的人2)你要是三分钟之内还打不出油，就别再钻了。