Medical Diagnosis using Back Propagation

手背静脉红外图像特征识别算法的研究的开题报告一、选题背景与意义随着生物识别技术的不断发展，人体生理特征的识别逐渐成为了一种重要的身份验证手段。

手背静脉是一种独特的生物特征，具有不可复制性、高安全性和方便性等优点，因此被广泛应用于医疗、金融等领域中的身份验证。

当前，手背静脉识别技术的发展主要集中在图像特征的提取和匹配算法上。

其中，手背静脉图像的红外成像技术能够清晰地显示手背静脉的位置、分布和形状等信息，为特征提取和识别算法提供了良好的基础。

因此，本文计划研究手背静脉红外图像特征识别算法，旨在提高手背静脉识别的准确度和稳定性，为生物识别技术的进一步发展提供有力支持。

二、研究内容和方法本文研究的内容主要包括手背静脉红外图像特征的提取、分类器的设计和模型的优化等方面。

具体来说，本文将采用以下研究方法：1.手背静脉红外图像预处理：对手背静脉红外图像进行增强、去噪等预处理，以提高图像的清晰度和质量；2.手背静脉红外图像的特征提取：利用纹理特征、形状特征等方法提取手背静脉图像的特征，以建立准确的分类器；3.分类器的设计：本文将采用支持向量机等分类器，针对提取的手背静脉图像特征进行分类器的设计和构建；4.算法优化：针对分类器的性能进行优化，以提高手背静脉识别的准确度和稳定性。

三、研究预期成果本文的预期成果主要包括以下几方面：1.提出一种有效的手背静脉红外图像特征提取方法，为后续的分类器设计和模型优化奠定基础；2.建立一个准确、稳定的手背静脉识别模型，为身份验证等领域中手背静脉技术的应用提供技术支持；3.提高手背静脉识别的准确度和稳定性，为生物识别技术的进一步发展提供有力支持。

四、研究计划和进度安排本文的研究计划和进度安排如下：1. 第一阶段（2周）：对手背静脉红外图像的现状和发展进行文献综述，并确定研究方向和方法；2. 第二阶段（4周）：收集和处理手背静脉红外图像数据，研究图像预处理和特征提取算法；3. 第三阶段（2周）：设计和建立分类器，测试分类器的性能；4. 第四阶段（2周）：优化分类器的性能，分析和讨论实验结果；5. 第五阶段（2周）：完成论文撰写和答辩准备工作。

八年级科技前沿英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) has been making remarkable strides in the medical field in recent years. AI - powered systems are being increasingly utilized in various aspects of healthcare, bringing about significant improvements and new possibilities.One of the most prominent applications of AI in medicine is in disease diagnosis. AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of medical data, such as patient symptoms, medical histories, and test results. For example, deep - learning algorithms can scan X - rays, CT scans, and MRIs to detect early signs of diseases like cancer, pneumonia, or heart diseases. These algorithms can often spot minute details that might be overlooked by human doctors, thus enabling earlier and more accurate diagnoses.In the realm of drug development, AI also plays a crucial role. It can accelerate the process by predicting how different molecules will interact with the human body. AI - based models can sift through thousands of potential drug candidates in a short time, identifying those with the highest probability of success. This not only saves time but also reduces the cost associated with traditional trial - and - error methods in drug research.Medical robots are another area where AI is making an impact.Surgical robots, for instance, can be guided by AI systems to perform complex surgeries with greater precision. These robots can filter out the natural tremors of a surgeon's hand, allowing for more delicate and accurate incisions. Additionally, there are robots designed to assist in patient care, such as those that can help patients with limited mobility to move around or perform simple tasks.However, the application of AI in medicine also faces some challenges. Issues like data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for regulatory approval are important considerations. But overall, the potential of AI to transform the medical field is vast and holds great promise for the future of healthcare.1. What is one of the main applications of AI in the medical field according to the article?A. Designing hospital buildings.B. Disease diagnosis.C. Training medical students.D. Managing hospital finances.答案：B。

医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。

以下是临床免疫学检验技术题库单选题100题（附答案及解析）：1.免疫系统的组成不包括以下哪项？A. 免疫器官B. 免疫细胞C. 免疫分子D. 免疫组织E. 免疫复合物答案：E解析：免疫系统由免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子和免疫组织组成，免疫复合物是抗原与抗体结合的产物，不属于免疫系统的组成部分。

2.人体最大的外周免疫器官是：A. 骨髓B. 胸腺C. 脾脏D. 淋巴结E. 扁桃体答案：C解析：脾脏是人体最大的外周免疫器官，是对血源性抗体原生免疫应答的主要部位。

骨髓是中枢免疫器官，胸腺是T细胞分化、发育、成熟的场所，淋巴结是重要的外周免疫器官但不是最大的，扁桃体也是外周免疫器官之一。

3.以下哪种细胞不属于免疫细胞？B. 单核巨噬细胞C. 粒细胞D. 红细胞E. 树突状细胞答案：D解析：免疫细胞包括淋巴细胞、单核巨噬细胞、粒细胞、树突状细胞等，红细胞主要功能是运输氧气和二氧化碳，不属于免疫细胞范畴。

4.B淋巴细胞表面特有的标志是：A. CD3B. CD4C. CD8D. mIgE. TCR答案：D解析：mIg即膜表面免疫球蛋白，是B淋巴细胞表面特有的标志，可识别抗原。

CD3是T细胞表面标志，CD4是辅助性T细胞表面标志，CD8是细胞毒性T细胞表面标志，TCR是T细胞抗原受体。

5.T淋巴细胞分化成熟的场所是：A. 骨髓B. 胸腺C. 脾脏E. 法氏囊答案：B解析：T淋巴细胞来源于骨髓的淋巴样干细胞，在胸腺中分化、发育、成熟。

骨髓是B细胞分化成熟的场所，脾脏和淋巴结是免疫应答的场所，法氏囊是禽类B细胞分化成熟的场所。

6.以下哪种细胞具有抗原提呈作用？A. 中性粒细胞B. 嗜酸性粒细胞C. 嗜碱性粒细胞D. 树突状细胞E. 肥大细胞答案：D解析：树突状细胞是目前已知的功能最强的专职抗原提呈细胞，可激活初始T细胞。

中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞主要参与固有免疫应答，在炎症反应和免疫防御中发挥作用，但不具有专职抗原提呈功能。

中西医结合护理Chinese Journal of Integrative Nursing2023 年第 9 卷第 11 期Vol.9， No.11， 2023指压天突穴引咳法在早期肺癌术后患者中的应用边冠军1，2， 张春梅3， 刘丽峰2（1. 天津中医药大学， 天津， 301617；2. 天津医科大学肿瘤医院 国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心 天津市肿瘤防治重点实验室天津市恶性肿瘤临床医学研究中心 肺部肿瘤科， 天津， 300060；3. 天津中医药大学护理学院， 天津， 301617）摘要： 目的　探讨指压天突穴引咳法在早期肺癌术后患者中的应用。

方法　便利抽样法选取天津市某三级甲等肿瘤专科医院肺部肿瘤科2023年1月—3月收治的100例呼气峰值流速（PEF ）≤5.33L/s 的早期肺癌切除术的患者，随机分为观察组和对照组，各50例。

对照组接受常规护理措施，观察组在对照组基础上实施指压天突穴引咳法干预。

比较两组患者术后第1天雾化后咳出第一口痰的用时、术后3 d 晨起PEF 与入院PEF 差值、肺部并发症发生情况和咳痰效果。

结果　观察组咳痰效果评价优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。

观察组术后第1天雾化后咳出第一口痰用时（1.73±0.81）h ，较对照组（3.02±0.88）h 缩短，差异有统计学意义（t =3.447，P ＜0.01）。

观察组肺部并发症发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。

观察组入院及术后第3天晨起的PEF 差值的秩均值小于对照组（P ＜0.05）。

两组均未出现严重或者影响机体状态的不良事件。

结论　指压天突穴引咳法在PEF ≤5.33L/s 的早期肺癌术后患者咳嗽排痰中应用效果明显。

关键词： 穴位按压； 天突穴； 早期肺癌； 术后并发症； 排痰中图分类号： R 473.6 文献标志码： A 文章编号： 2709-1961（2023）11-0130-06Application of finger -pressing on Tiantu acupoint to inducecough in postoperative patients with early -stage lung cancerBIAN Guanjun 1，2，ZHANG Chunmei 3，LIU Lifeng 2（1. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ， Tianjin ， 301617；2. Department of Lung Cancer ， Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital ，National Clinical Research Center for Cancer ， Tianjin Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment ，Tianjin Cancer Clinical Research Center ， Tianjin ， 300060；3. School of Nursing Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ， Tianjin ， 301617）ABSTRACT ： Objective To investigate the application of finger -pressing on Tiantu acupoint toinduce cough in postoperative patients with early -stage lung cancer.Methods Totally 100 patients with peak expiratory flow （PEF ） ≤5.33L/s who were admitted to the Hospital from January 2023 to March 2023 were randomly divided into observation group and control group ， with 50 cases in each group. The control group received conventional nursing measures ， while the observation group re⁃ceived finger -pressing therapy on Tiantu acupoint based on the basis of the control group. The time taken to cough up the first sputum after nebulization on the first postoperative day ， the difference of Peak Expiratory Flow （PEF ） on first day of hospital admission and three days after surgery ， post⁃operative pulmonary complications and intervention effect on coughing were compared between the two groups.Results The rate of effective cough -inducing in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P ＜0.01）. The time （h ） to cough up the first sputum after nebulization on the first postoperative day was shorter in the observation group （1.73±0.81） than inDOI ： 10.55111/j.issn 2709-1961.202307028· 中医特色护理 ·收稿日期：2023 - 07 - 28基金项目：天津市医学重点学科（专科）建设项目（TJYXZDXK -011A ）通信作者：张春梅， E -mail ： 2416353567@··130Vol.9， No.11，2023Chinese Journal of Integrative Nursingthe control group （3.02±0.88）， with a significant difference（P＜0.01）. The incidence of postop⁃erative pulmonary complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group （P ＜0.01）. The rank of the difference of PEF on first day of hospital admission and three days after surgery was lower in the observation group than that in the control gorup（P＜0.05）. Neither of the groups reported adverse reactions.Conclusion　Finger-pressing therapy on Tiantu acupoint to induce coughing is effective in coughing and sputum evacuation in early-stage lung cancer patients with PEF ≤5.33 L/s， and reduces pulmonary complications.KEY WORDS：acupressure；Tiantu acupoint；early-stage lung cancer；postoperative complications肺癌是我国死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤［1］，手术是早期肺癌治疗的主要方法［2］。

医学英语翻译试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "cardiology" refers to the study of which organ?A. HeartB. LiverC. KidneyD. Lung2. Which of the following is not a symptom of diabetes?A. Frequent urinationB. Excessive thirstC. Rapid weight lossD. Fever3. The medical abbreviation "IV" stands for:A. IntravenousB. IntramuscularC. IntraperitonealD. Intradermal4. What does the abbreviation "MRI" stand for in medical terms?A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Maximum Respiratory IndexC. Multiple Respiratory InfectionsD. Medical Research Institute5. The term "anemia" is associated with a deficiency of whichsubstance in the blood?A. PlateletsB. Red blood cellsC. White blood cellsD. Plasma6. Which of the following is a common treatment for hypertension?A. AntibioticsB. AntihypertensivesC. AntiviralsD. Antihistamines7. The medical term "hyperglycemia" refers to:A. High blood sugarB. High blood pressureC. High cholesterolD. High blood calcium8. What is the medical term for the removal of the appendix?A. AppendectomyB. ColectomyC. HysterectomyD. Nephrectomy9. The abbreviation "AED" in medical settings stands for:A. Automated External DefibrillatorB. Advanced Emergency DoctorC. Acute Epileptic DisorderD. Acute Endocrine Dysfunction10. Which of the following is a type of cancer that affects the blood?A. MelanomaB. LeukemiaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：1. A2. D3. A4. A5. B6. B7. A8. A9. A 10. B二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The medical term for the surgical removal of the gallbladder is __________.2. The condition where the body cannot properly regulate body temperature is known as __________.3. A person with a medical condition that causes them to have an abnormally high level of lipids in the blood is said to have __________.4. The abbreviation "CT" in medical imaging stands for__________.5. The medical term for a condition characterized bydifficulty in breathing is __________.6. The study of the structure and function of the nervous system is known as __________.7. A common diagnostic tool used to visualize blood vesselsis __________.8. The medical term for the surgical removal of the prostate gland is __________.9. A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of air or gas in the tissues is called __________.10. The medical term for the surgical removal of the uterus is __________.答案：1. Cholecystectomy2. Dysregulation3. Hyperlipidemia4. Computed Tomography5. Dyspnea6. Neurology7. Angiography8. Prostatectomy9. Emphysema10. Hysterectomy三、翻译题（每题5分，共30分）1. 将下列医学术语从英文翻译成中文：- Hypertension: 高血压- Diabetes mellitus: 糖尿病- Asthma: 哮喘- Osteoporosis: 骨质疏松症2. 将下列医学术语从中文翻译成英文：- 冠心病: Coronary heart disease- 脑卒中: Stroke- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)- 甲状腺功能亢进: Hyperthyroidism3. 翻译以下医学句子：- The patient is scheduled for a cardiac catheterizationnext week.病人下周安排进行心脏导管检查。

医学学术英语期末考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "pathogen" refers to:A. A type of bacteriaB. An organism that causes diseaseC. A medical conditionD. A type of medication2. Which of the following is a method for measuring blood pressure?A. StethoscopeB. SphygmomanometerC. ThermometerD. Ophthalmoscope3. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Medical Records IndexC. Myocardial Resection ImagingD. Medical Research Institute4. Which of the following is a type of cancer?A. MelanomaB. InfluenzaC. DiabetesD. Hypertension5. The process of identifying the cause of a disease is known as:A. DiagnosisB. PrognosisC. TreatmentD. Epidemiology二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）6. The medical term for the surgical removal of a tumor is__________.7. The study of the cause and spread of diseases is known as __________.8. The abbreviation "HIV" stands for __________.9. A(n) __________ is a healthcare professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart.10. The term "antibiotic" refers to a substance that inhibits the growth of __________.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. Explain the difference between a virus and a bacterium.12. Describe the role of white blood cells in the immune system.13. What is the purpose of a biopsy in medical diagnosis?14. Discuss the importance of vaccination in public health.四、阅读理解（每题5分，共30分）Read the following passage and answer the questions:Passage: (A brief excerpt from a medical journal article discussing the latest developments in cancer treatment, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies.)15. What are the two main types of cancer treatment mentioned in the passage?16. How do targeted therapies differ from traditional chemotherapy?17. What is the basic principle behind immunotherapy?18. According to the passage, what are some potential advantages of immunotherapy over other treatments?五、写作题（共30分）19. Write a short essay (200-250 words) on the impact of medical technology on patient care. Discuss at least two specific examples of how technology has improved medical practice.六、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）20. Translate the following sentence into English: "近年来，基因编辑技术在医学研究中的应用越来越广泛。

内科大英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What does the word "inflammation" mean?A. InfectionB. InflammationC. InflammableD. Influence2. Which of the following is a sign of respiratory distress?A. Shortness of breathB. Increased appetiteC. Frequent urinationD. Dizziness3. The term "cardiac arrhythmia" refers to:A. Heart attackB. Heart failureC. Irregular heartbeatD. Heart murmur4. What is the medical term for a condition where the stomach contents come back into the esophagus?A. GastritisB. GastroenteritisC. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)D. Gastroparesis5. Which of the following is a common symptom of diabetes?A. Excessive thirstB. Excessive sleepinessC. Excessive sweatingD. Excessive hunger6. The abbreviation "CT" stands for:A. Computed TomographyB. Cardiovascular TherapyC. Chronic TreatmentD. Clinical Trial7. What does "hypertension" mean?A. High blood pressureB. High cholesterolC. High blood sugarD. High fever8. The term "anemia" is used to describe:A. A lack of red blood cells or low hemoglobinB. A lack of white blood cellsC. A lack of plateletsD. A lack of plasma9. Which of the following is not a type of cancer?A. LeukemiaB. LymphomaC. MelanomaD. Myocarditis10. The medical term "pneumonia" refers to an infection in which part of the body?A. LungsB. LiverC. KidneysD. Heart二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The medical condition characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood is known as _______.12. A _______ is a healthcare professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.13. The process of examining the inside of the body using an endoscope is called _______.14. A _______ is a medical condition where the body cannot properly regulate body temperature.15. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for Magnetic Resonance_______.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Define the term "chronic disease."17. What are the risk factors for developing hypertension?18. Explain the difference between acute and chronic bronchitis.19. Describe the purpose of a biopsy.四、阅读理解（每题5分，共30分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:In recent years, there has been a growing interest in therole of diet in the prevention and treatment of variousdiseases. Nutritionists have found that certain foods can have a significant impact on health. For example, diets rich in fruits and vegetables are associated with a lower risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. Additionally, consuming whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can contribute to overall well-being.Questions:20. What is the main focus of the passage?21. According to the passage, what types of foods are beneficial for heart health?22. Which diseases are mentioned in the passage as being potentially reduced by a diet rich in fruits and vegetables?23. What is the purpose of consuming whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats?五、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）24. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文："Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining good health."25. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英文：“吸烟是导致肺癌的主要原因之一。