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英语及物和不及物动词等的用法

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英语及物和不及物动词等的用法————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：及物动词transitive verb英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可以把动词分成两种：及物动词与不及物动词。

及物动词：又称“他动词”。

又称“外动词”。

动词的一种。

它所表示的动作常涉及动作者以外的事物，如“吃”、“穿”、“读”、“写”等。

字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。

及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。

如see 看见(vt.) +宾语I can see a boy.其实所谓“及物”，就是后面可直接加宾语的动词，有被动形式,而不及物动词是没有被动式的,也不可直接加宾语，需加介词。

及物动词后面可直接接宾语，不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。

实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

我举一个例子，就说write。

如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词，在后一个句子write是及物动词。

又如，see是及物动词，但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。

不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上，也就是后面不能加宾语。

例如：He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词，后面不能加sth。

（不能说跑什么东西）分清及物不及物动词:分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。

动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a．主要用作及物动词。

及物动词后面必须跟宾语。

可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构。

如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....b．主要用作不及物的动词。

不及物动词后面不跟宾语。

只能用于："主＋谓"结构。

This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。

如begin 都是作"开始"讲。

everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。

这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。

如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。

we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。

He lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beat vi.跳动vt. 敲、打;grow vi.生长vt.种植play vi.玩耍vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏smell vi.发出（气味）vt. 嗅ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话vt. 说（语言）hang vi. 悬挂vt.绞死operate vi.动手术vt. 操作在英语错误中，“及物动词＋介词＋宾语”（transitive verb+preposition+object），是常见的一种。

所谓及物动词，就是谓语动词（predicative verb），不必通过介词引荐宾语。

相反的，不及物动词（intransitive verb）是不带宾语的。

有许多动词，虽然性质是及物的，但不一定要有宾语，如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形：①a. We study every day.b. Do you study English every day.②a. Please write clearly next time.b. Can you write your composition now?如果本质上就是不及物动词，就不会有宾语；若要宾语，就要借介词之助，一起连用才行(不及物动词+宾语+介词)，如③b 和④b;③a和④a是错的；*③a. The children are listening the music.b. The children are listening to the music.*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.b. She is laughing at the crippled man.反之，及物动词不必靠介词，就可以带宾语，如上述的①b和②b ，又如⑤和⑥：⑤ John is giving a book to me.⑥ Who will answer this question?如果无意中把介词加上，就错了，如：*⑦ Who will answer to this question?下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子，也犯了同样的错：“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”“Awaiting”是个及物动词，后面的介词“for”是多余的，要去掉；不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting for”也行。

许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面，然后才带出宾语。

最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”，如：⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.显然的，这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的，不必要的。

下面是些类似的错误：● The young must obey to their elders.● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.● Do you hope to serve for your nation?● When did Susan marry with Paul?介词“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对。

为什么会有这些错误呢？主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。

其次，就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。

解决之道有二。

第一，要把“及物动词＋宾语”和“不及物动词＋介词＋宾语”划分清楚，如：I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.第二，把及物动词转化为名词，然后加上适当的介词和宾语，如：Don't approach such a person.Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?不及物动词。

intransitive verb ( vi. ) 动词的一种。

也称“自动词”、“内动词”。

不能带宾语的动词和能带施事宾语的动词。

\n如：“游行、睡觉、带头、躺、来”等。

这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。

如：The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。

She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。

The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。

A 有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。

注意{ False: They always want after lunch.Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch.{ False: He is sending now.Right: He is sending a letter now.连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。

表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。

一、连系动词的类型有：1. "存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在"。

常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。

例如:The story sounds true.Those oranges taste good star.2. "持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。

这类连系动词强调"持续"。

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及物动词与不及物动词

及物动词与不及物动词


obviously hoping to _____ to answer
the teacher’s question.
A. rose, rise
B. raised ,rise
C. rose ,raise
D. raised, raise
2. His words on my improper behavior are strongly ____ at my memory. A. impressed B. established C. fixed D. stricken 解析：be impressed by/at/with表示 “对……印象深刻”的意思。
3. The visiting minister expressed his
satisfaction with the talks, _____ that
he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add
误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物
误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信 误：agree sb 正： agree with sb同意某人的话、观点
注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动 词也可能及物，如insist, reply等动词 后可接宾语从句，operate表示“操 作”、“管理”等时则及物。
They built a new bus station.
A new bus station was built (by them.)
但有些及物动词或词组虽然能带宾语，但不 能用于被动语态中：cost, fit , have, own, hold(容纳），agree with, belong to, add up to, consist of, suffer from…
2024年中考英语总复习什么是及物动词与不及物动词怎么区分

2024年中考英语总复习什么是及物动词与不及物动词怎么区分

2024年中考英语总复习什么是及物动词与不及物动词怎么区分动词用法中及物动词or不及物动词是英语语法中一个重点，也是很多同学很头疼的难点。

在考试中甚至很多题目可谓“懂之者即得分数”。

既然该知识点如此重要，那么小星就带大家深层次了解“它”。

1后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词（transitive verb）。

有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。

如：1. "主+谓+宾"；I have a book.2. "主+谓+双宾"；（双宾语：间接宾语和直接宾语）Mr Zhang teaches us English.（双宾语：us是间接宾语，English是直接宾语）3. "主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。

也叫“主谓复合宾语”They asked me to go fishing.（me为宾语，不定式to go fishing是宾语补足语）2本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词（intransitive verb）。

1. "主+谓"结构。

My watch stopped.2. "主+谓+介词+宾语"结构。

He is looking at me.*注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。

3英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。

这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：a) 意义不变。

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？（leave作及物动词）They left last week.他们是上周离开的。

（leave作不及物动词）b) 意义不相同。

Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。

Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗？41. 根据是否加宾语及物动词后加宾语；不及物动词后不直接加宾语，若想加宾语，必须加介词。

英语中及物动词与不及物动词的用法区分

英语中及物动词与不及物动词的用法区分

英语中及物动词与不及物动词的用法区分按照是否能够接宾语，英语的实义动词可以分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。

下面针对这两个种类进行详细说明，希望对大家有帮助。

一、及物动词1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语，单词后用vt.表示它的词性。

例如：He speaks English very fluently .(speak 后接了宾语English ,它就是及物动词。

)又如：We often help each other .2. 及物动词也可以接双宾语。

也就是它后面接了sb. 又接了sth. ,接了两个宾语。

如：She teaches us English .My mom gave me a book .注意：能接双宾语的动词有：give ,teach , buy , find , sell , show , bring ,tell 等。

二、不及物动词1.不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不跟宾语。

单词后用vi.表示它的词性。

例如：His watch stopped.The bell rings at nine .这两个句子中的stop 与ring 就是不及物动词。

2. 不及物动词后面可以接介词，再接宾语。

如：Tom lives in Beijing .Everybody should listen to the teacher carefully .由上可知，不及物动词不接宾语。

要接宾语，不及物动词后必须先接适当的介词，再接宾语。

三、英语中有些动词即能做及物动词又能做不及物动词，需要看句子具体分析。

如：They left last week .(不及物动词)When did Peter leave America ?（及物动词）。

高中英语语法及物动词和不及物动词用法讲解和练习

高中英语语法及物动词和不及物动词用法讲解和练习

1不及物动词 vi ：是不能直接跟宾语的动词, 可以添加一个介词后再跟宾语，主+vi My watch stopped.主+vi +adv( 状) It is raining now.主+vi +介+名词/代词 Everybody lisened to the lecture .主+vi +介词短语 It happened at midnight.不及物动词无被动 The accident was happened last week . 错The accident happened last week . 对2，及物动词 vt ：其后能直接跟宾语。

主+vt +宾语 I love you .主+vt + 宾+宾 He told me a secret =He told a secret to me.Mary bought me a dictionary .=Mary bought a dictionary for me . 主+vt +宾+宾补 we consider him an honest boy .The doctor advised me to have a good rest .I smell something burning in the kitchen.I often hear the song sung by the children .Keep all the clothes in the closet.主 +be done 被动一定是及物动词，视为不缺宾语。

Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。

3.既可以用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词，其意义不变。

begin vi/vtEverybody ,our game begins.Let’s beg in our game.4. .既可以用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词，其意义完全不同。

We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.消散He lifted his glass and drank.举起类似：beat vi 跳动 vt 敲，打Grow vi 生长 vt 种植Play vi 玩耍 vt 打，演奏Smell vi 发出气味 vt 嗅Ring vi 响，vt 打电话Speak vi 讲话 vt 说语言Hang vi 悬挂 vt 绞死Operate vi 动手术 vt 操作练习 A：I was at the dentist’s last Sunday to have my teeth checked ( ). I had bought ( ) myself a magazine since I had ample time to wait. I was sitting ( ) in the waiting room when a young man entered. He had also come to see ( ) the dentist. We had a casual conversation in the waiting room. We talked ( ) about many things, basketball, music, medical insurance, etc. Then our topic turned( ) to our teeth. He told me he had a hole in one of his teeth and wanted to have it filled. ‘It hurts ( ) a lot,’ he told me, ‘whenever I eat something hot or cold.’ It was obvious that he was suffering ( ) great pain when he talked. I thought ( ) it better to comfort him in some way, so I told him not to worry, because I had exactly the same experience. After the hole in my tooth was filled, I felt quite all right. Hearing this, he smiled ( ) happily.B1. answer/answer fora. Hearing the bell, Jane got up from her chair and went to __________ the door.b. If you continue to behave like this, you’ll have to ____________ your behavior.2. benefit/benefit froma. The project has __________ the country in many aspects.b. It is expected that both countries will ___________ this agreement.3. decide/decide againsta. Have you _________ what to do aftergraduation?b. To our surprise, they ________________ the plan without any explanation.4. pay/pay fora. He thanked the repairman and ______ him twenty dollars.b. To ________ the ticket for the concert, my sister decided to take a part-time job.5. adjust/adjust toa. I’m afraid we have to _________ the development of computer technology.b. The monitor needs to be ________ so that everyone can read what is on the screen.。