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英语国家社会与⽂化上Unit 1 1. Britain is no longer an imperial(帝国) country. T2. The Commonwealth(共和国，民主国) of Nations includes all European countries. F3. 1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity(种族地位，种族特点). F4. The stereotype(陈规，刻板模式) of the English gentleman never applied(使适⽤) the majority of the British people. T6. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F7. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T8. The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F9. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T10. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F11. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful mean. T12. Wales is rich in coal deposits. T13. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F14. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F上Unit21. Ireland is part of Great Britain. F2. “U referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. T3. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F4. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. F5. The majority of Irish people were descendants⼦孙，后裔 of the original Celtic凯尔特 people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T6. Most British people are Protestants新教徒 while most Irish people are Catholic天主教徒. T7. The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F8. Sinn Fein 新芬党（爱尔兰共和军的政治组织）is a legal politicalparty in Northern Ireland. T9. The Anglo-Irish Agreement《英爱协议》 of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist Protestant community their right to decide their future in N orthern Ireland. T10. The Good Friday Agreement《北爱和平协议》 was approved on 10 April 1998.T11. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that of Republic of Ireland and t hat of Great Britain. F ⽬前北爱由爱尔兰政府、英国政府及北爱执⾏委员会三⽅共同参与管理。
第二十六章加拿大社会和文化I．加拿大社会1．人口加拿大是一个只拥有26，300，000人的大国，它的国土面积是世界第二，而人口却排世界第31位。
加拿大是一个人口稀少的国家，每平方公里只有2.7人，但它却是拥有最多民族的国家之一，有1000个民族。
大多数加拿大人是英国血统(44.6%)和法国血统(28.7%)。
本土人是爱斯基摩人或因纽特人，(这是他们比较喜欢的称呼)和印地安人，只占全国人口总数的1.5%。
自19世纪后期开始的移民使得加拿大文化多样化。
自1867年成立联盟以来，其他民族的加拿大人的比例从7%增长到25%，包括德国人、意大利人、乌克兰人、荷兰人、波兰人和中国人，其中2%为亚洲、非洲和加勒比血统的人。
加拿大的任何一个民族在全国总人口中都不占多数。
加拿大的土著人是在史前时期从亚洲来的。
因纽特人曾是游牧民族，冬季在冰上捕海豹，夏天在冻土带(北极大陆)捕驯鹿。
他们睡在用驯鹿皮做成的帐篷中。
他们是爱好和平的民族，快乐地过着自己的生活，爱放声大笑，也爱开玩笑。
因纽特这个词在他们的语言中是"人民"的意思，而爱斯基摩这个词是印地安语，意思是"吃生肉的人"。
大多数因纽特人居住在加拿大的北方省份和地区。
除因纽特人外，在北部地区还有几十万印地安人，他们讲不同的语言。
据说印地安人讲50多种语言。
英语是除魁北克省外全国最通用的语言。
85%讲法语的人住在魁北克，占该省人数的81.9%。
1/3的新不伦瑞克省人讲法语，在安大略省东部和东北部也有一些较大的法语社区，还有一些较小的讲法语的社区分布在西部。
事实上，魁北克省外讲法语的加拿大人与魁北克省内讲英语的人数目大致相等。
不同的语言、种族血统、历史和环境导致了加拿大人之间的地区差异。
由于魁北克省是几百年来法国人在加拿大、更确切地说在整个北美生存的中心地区，所以旅游者很快就会意识到明显的魁北克特点。
纽芬兰人在北美洲居住的时间同多数魁北克人一样长，但他们几乎都讲英语，而且大多数都是英国血统。
The British society and cultureThe UK is a rich and colorful, with international and multicultural country .Its full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, hereinafter referred to as the United Kingdom or Britain, known as the UK, is on the island of Great Britain by England, Scotland and wales, and Northern Ireland northeast the island of Ireland, and a series of islands of a small island.In Chinese the word "Britain", that is, by "England", the international code for the GB.Britain is located in the northwest of the continent of the British Isles, is the north sea, the English channel, Celtic sea, Irish sea and surrounded by the Atlantic ocean.In addition to Britain, including fourteen overseas territories .Established the "glorious revolution" in 1688 the British constitutional monarchy, Britain was the first to complete the industrial revolution, the national strength growing rapidly.In the 18th century to early 20th century, the rule of the British empire territories across the globe.As the most powerful country.Both after the outbreak of world war ii victory, but seriously damaged national strength, to the disintegration of the British empire in the second half of the 20th century, Britain has lost onceleadership in international affairs.Superpower status be replaced by the United States and the Soviet union.However, the UK is still a worldwide has a strong influence, important economic, cultural, military, science and technology of the world's great powers.About the British people's life custom, British people now pay more attention to the quality of life, the pursuit of spirit to enjoy.Important occasion wear very formal, usually the pursuit of simple, comfortable clothing.Diet style is simple, pay attention to nutrition.The climate is mild and humid, the British people love the sun.Like I'm doing housework at ordinary times, have a passion for sport, like to travel on holiday.In addition the British very hobby cultural activities, such as reading books, writing articles, to the concert, the theatre, etc, also like pets.。
