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第1讲冠词[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are the firstto flower even as the snow is melting (融化)．2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Of the nineteen recognizedpolar bear subpopulations, three are declining,six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lackenough data.3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When we got a call sayingshe was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumpednearly 125 percent over the past 25 years，whilerice has increased only 7 percent.1．考查冠词表泛指或特指的用法；2．考查固定搭配中的冠词。
短文改错1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)For example, everymorning, my dad has to have the bowl of eggsoup while I have to eat an apple. the→a2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Then I put the tomatoes andthe beaten eggs into pan together.pan前加the3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Suddenly football fell justin front of me and almost hit me. football前加a4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each of my cafes will havea different theme and an unique style.an→a1．不定冠词a和an的错用以及它们与the的错用；2．冠词的多余或缺失；3．固定搭配中冠词的错用。
考点一引导名词性从句的连接词１．连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which及wh—ever等它们有词义,在从句中作成分。
what∕whatever指物,作主语、宾语、定语、表语;who∕whoever指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whom∕whomever指人,在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;which∕whichever指人或物,在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。
带—ever的连接词意义上有“任何……”之意。
What I want to know is the price of the bike.我想知道的就是自行车的价格。
You can buy whatever you need in the shop.在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。
whoever,whatever,wherever...等引导的从句不仅是句子的语气加强了,而且此类词引导的句子表示让步和泛指的概念,而who,what,where...等引导的句子表示具体的概念。
如:What he said is right.他所说的是对的。
（特指他这次所说的事情）Whatever he said is right.无论他说什么都是对的。
此处,whatever= anything what,表示泛指和让步,意为“无论他说什么”。
Who will do it is not decideＤ．谁去做这件事还没有确定。
（指一次具体的动作）Whoever does it will be punisheＤ．无论谁做了这件事,都要受到惩罚。
（此处特别强调“无论是谁”）wh—ever这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用no matter+who∕what∕which...代替。
它们有词义,在句中作状语。
when表时间,why表原因,where表地点,how表方式、程度。
This is why I came here.这是我来这儿的原因。
I have no idea where he went.我不知道他去了哪里。
第2讲名词性从句名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，它的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Many students don’t know what they should do①，but what Xiao Meng wants to do② is earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents’burden③.It is said that many small companies need graduates to do part-time jobs②.Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she is not sure whether she will be employed①.She also wonders when she will be admitted to a college① and which city she will go①.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a good university④. [规则感悟]①位于及物动词或形容词之后的从句是宾语从句。
②谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句。
此外，该从句可以用it作形式主语。
③位于be动词之后的从句是表语从句。
④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的从句为同位语从句。
1．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示引导词功能从属连词that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义whether，if 在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”because，as if/though在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”连接代词who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever)who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom(ever)在从句中作宾语；which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；whose在从句中作定语连接副词when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how(ever)在从句中作状语2．名词性从句的语序是陈述语序Do you know where will the party be held？(×) Do you know where the party will be held？(√) 3．名词性从句的时态(1)当主句是现在时态(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)时，从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。
专题11 名词性从句考纲展示命题探讨考点一主语从句基础点主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通过放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
主语从句的连接词在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。
连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
(1)从属连词从属连词主要有两个that, whether；从属连词在从句中不作任何成份。
That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使咱们每一个人都十分激动。
Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是不是能成功取决于你自己。
特别提示if一般(不在句首)引导主语从句。
that引导主语从句不能省略。
(2)连接代词连接代词在从句中起名词的作用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，一般表示疑问。
who 谁，whom谁(宾格)，whose谁的，what什么，which哪个，whoever无论是谁，whomever 无论是谁(宾格)，whosever无论是谁的，whatever无论是什么，whichever无论是哪个。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟咱们说什么还不清楚。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们当中第一个抵达这里的人将取得这个奖品。
特别提示主语为从句时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式；但如果是what引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念时，谓语动词则常常利用复数形式。
What we need is water.咱们所需要的是水。
What we need are useful books.咱们所需要的是有效的书。
(3)连接副词连接副词在从句中起副词的作用，作状语，一般表示疑问，但有时不表示疑问。
第1讲名词性从句[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1．(2020·浙江卷)Over thousands of years，theybegan to depend less on what could be huntedor gathered from the wild，and more on animalsthey had raised and crops they had sown.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) While they are rare northof 88°，there is evidence that they range all theway across the Arctic, and as far south as JamesBay in Canada.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure who is morefrightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.4．(2018·浙江11月卷)It is possible thatcaffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) inhumans，too.对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上，其中what与that; how，if与whether是考查的重点。
短文改错(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of arestaurant close to that I live.that→where1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；2．连接代词(what，which和who等)之间的错用；3．从属连词that与连接代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；4．从属连词that的缺失或多余。
考点一主语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·哈尔滨第三中学第一次验收)But most importantly, what you need is good feedback. You'd better have someone that can correct your mistakes immediately.2．(2020·吉林省吉化第一高级中学月考)What interested her most was the longitude line.3．(2020·即墨市二模)That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.4．(2020·三亚市冲刺)Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.Ⅱ.单句改错5．(2020·广东部分学校第一次联考)How we learn in class is enough.How→What 6．(2020·南宁市第三中学月考)That he did was to wave at everyone who passed by. That→What 7．(2020·衡水模拟)This surprised us very much that Tom should have left without a word. This→It[要点解读]1．主语从句的引导词从属连词that，whether，if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语你的支持对我们的工作很重要。
你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。
it作形式主语的常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·石家庄重点高中摸底)The rise in sales of translated fiction shows how hungry so many British readers are for terrific writing from other countries.2．(2020·威海冲刺卷)There were so many kinds of bikes in the shop that he really didn't know which he could choose.3．(2020·茂名月考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.4．(2020·洛阳第一高级中学月考)While these different customs might seem strange to you, remember that what you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.Ⅱ.单句改错5．(2020·哈尔滨市第三中学验收)First, you must focus on which you are faced with. which→what 6．(2020·成都模拟)He told me that he had two sons and they both had gone to college. and后加that 7．(2020·沧州联考)I have been worrying about if I have hurt Mary's heart.if→whether 8．(2020·辽宁五校协作联合模拟)First we discussed what habit that we should develop. 删除that [要点解读]1．宾语从句的引导词hadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
Our teacher always tells us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句(3)动词短语see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句Let's make it a rule that we mustn't speak Chinese in English class.我们把英语课上不许讲汉语当作一条规定确定下来吧。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
3．宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。
当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
考点三表语从句[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·崇左模拟)This is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it.2．(2020·肇庆二模)He kept yawning in class this morning.That was because he stayed up late watching the basketball game last night.3．(2020·青岛四中模拟)What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4．(2020·山西大同四校联考)The reason for his absence yesterday was that he did have something to do.Ⅱ.单句改错5．(2020·鹤岗市第一中学开学考试)The reason is because you have not done well in it recently and you have lost interest in it. because→that 6．(2020·河北保定、唐山联考)The doubt is whom has got away with the document.whom→who7．(2020·洛阳尖子生第一次联考)I still remember it was that I was in Senior Grade One. that→when 8．(2020·湖南六校联考)The best change is which all the people are living a hopeful life with confidence. which→that [要点解读]1．表语从句的引导词对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
