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Product Discontinuance NoticeThe 33250A function generator and all associated options will be discontinued December 1, 2016. The last date this product can be ordered is November 30, 2016.–For new product purchases, Keysightrecommends the 33600A Trueform Series waveform generators.–For more information, as well as to access to detailed migration guides, please visit /find/nextgenFGs–To contact a product selection expert, visit /find/contactusKeysight 33250AFunction/Arbitrary Waveform GeneratorData SheetStandard WaveformsThe Keysight Technologies, Inc. 33250A function/arbitrary waveform generator uses direct digital-synthesis techniques to create a stable, accurate output on all waveforms,down to 1 µHz frequency resolution. The benefits are apparent in every signal you produce, from the sine wave frequency accuracy to the fast rise/fall times of square waves, to the ramp linearity.Front-panel operation of the 33250A is straightforward and user friendly. The knob or numeric keypad can be used to adjust frequency, amplitude and offset. You can even enter voltage values directly in Vpp, Vrms, dBm, or high/low levels. Timing parameters can be entered in hertz (Hz) or seconds.Custom Waveform GenerationWhy settle for a basic function generator when you can get arbitrary waveforms at no extra cost? With the 33250A, you can generate arbitrary waveforms with 12-bit vertical resolution, 64K memory depth, and a sample rate of 200 MSa/s. You can also store up to four 64K-deep arbitrary waveforms in non-volatile memory with user-defined names to help you find the right waveform when you need it most.The included Keysight IntuiLink software allows you to easily create, edit, and download complex waveforms using the IntuiLink arbitrary waveform editor. Or you can capture a waveform using IntuiLink oscilloscope or DMM and send it to the 33250A for output. For programmers, ActiveX components can be used to control the instrument using SCPI commands. IntuiLink provides the tools to easily create, download, and manage waveforms for your 33250A. To find out more about IntuiLink, visit/find/intuilink.Pulse GenerationThe 33250A can generate simple pulses up to 50 MHz. With variable edge time, pulse width and voltage level, the 33250A is ideally suited to a wide variety of pulse applications. Built-in VersatilityAM, FM and FSK capabilities make it easy to modulate waveforms with or without a separate source. Linear or logarithmic sweeps can be performed with a programmable frequency marker signal. Programmable burst count and gating allow you to further customize your signal.For system applications, both GPIB and RS-232 interfaces are standard, and support full programmability using SCPI commands.–80 MHz sine and square wave outputs –Sine, square, ramp, noise and otherwaveforms–50 MHz pulse waveforms with variablerise/fall times–12-bit, 200 MSa/s, 64K-point deeparbitrary waveformColor Graphical DisplayThe unique design of the 33250A combines a low-profile instrument with the benefits of a color graphical display. Now you can display multiple waveform parameters at the same time. The graphical interface also allows you to modify arbitrary wave-forms quickly and easily. Timebase Stability and Clock ReferenceThe 33250A TCXO timebase gives you frequency accuracy of 2 ppm for your most demanding applications. The external clock reference input/output lets you synchronize to an external10 MHz clock, to another 33250A, or to another Keysight 332XXA function/ arbitrary wafeform generator. Phase adjustments can be made from the front panel or via a computer interface, allowing precise phase calibration and adjustment.Measurement CharacteristicsVoltage range± 5 V full scaleInput impedance10 ΩFrequency DC to 20 kHzLatency< 70 µs typical1. Harmonic distortion at low amplitudes is limited by a –70 dBm floor2. Harmonic distortion at 40 MHz only is –33 dBc3. Spurious noise at low amplitudes is limited by a –75 dBm floor4. Edge time decreased at higher frequency, 3.5 nS (typical)5.20 mVpp to 20 Vpp into open-circuit load6. dB rounded to 1 digit, instrument adheres to “%” specification7. Short-circuit protected to ground at all times8. Sine and square waveforms above 25 MHz only with infinite burst count 9. Time to change parameter and output new signalMeasurement Characteristics(Continued)Level100 mVpp to 5 VppImpedance 1 kΩ nominal, accoupled Lock time< 2 s100-127 V, 50-400 Hz Power consumption 140 VA Operating temp.0 to 55°C Storage temp.–30 to 70°CStored states 4 named user configurations Power on state Default or lastInterface IEEE-488 and RS-232 nguageSCPI-1997, IEEE-488.2Dimensions (WxHxD) Bench top Rackmount 254 x 104 x 374 mm 213 x 89 x 348 mm Weight4.6 kgSafety designed to EN61010-1, CSA1010.1, UL-311-1EMC tested toIEC-61326-1IEC-61000-4-3 criteria B IEC-61000-4-6 criteria BVibration and shock MIL-T-28800E, Type III, Class 5Acoustic noise 40 dBA Warm-up time 1 hour Calibration interval1 yearFor more information on KeysightTechnologies’ products, applications or services, please contact your local Keysight office. The complete list is available at: /find/contactusThis information is subject to change without notice.© Keysight Technologies, 2011-2015Published in USA, May 21, 20155968-8807EN/find/33250AOrdering InformationKeysight 33250A80 MHz function/arbitrary wavefrom generatorAccessories includedOperating manual, service manual, quick reference guide, IntuiLink waveform editor software, test data, RS-232 cable, and power cord (see language option).OptionsOpt. A6J ANSI Z540 calibration Opt. AB0 Taiwan: Chinese manual Opt. AB1 Korea: Korean manual Opt. AB2 China: Chinese manual Opt. ABA English: English manual Opt. ABD Germany: German manual Opt. ABF France: French manual Opt. ABJJapan: Japanese manualOther Accessories34131A Carrying case 34161A Accessory pouch 34190ARackmount kit**For racking two 33250As side-by-side, order the following items: Lock-link kit (34194A), Flange kit (34191A)。
Keysight 33220A20 MHz Function/Arbitrary Waveform GeneratorData SheetProduct Discontinuance NoticeThe 33220A function generator and all associatedoptions will be discontinued December 1, 2016. Thelast date this product can be ordered is November30, 2016.–For new product purchases, Keysight recom-mends the 33500B Trueform Series waveformgenerators.–For more information, as well as to access todetailed migration guides, please visit/find/nextgenFGs–To contact a product selection expert, visit/find/contactusUncompromising performance for functions and waveforms The Keysight Technologies 33220A func-tion/arbitrary waveform generator usesdirect digital synthesis (DDS) techniques to create a stable, accurate output signal for clean, low distortion sine waves. It also gives you square waves with fast rise and fall times up to 20 MHz and linear ramp waves up to 200 kHz.Pulse generationThe 33220A can generate variable-edge-time pulses up to 5 MHz. Withvariable period, pulse width, andamplitude the 33220A is ideally suitedto a wide variety of applications requir-ing a flexible pulse signal.Custom waveformgenerationUse the 33220A to generate complexcustom waveforms. With 14-bitresolution, and a sampling rate of50 MSa/s, the 33220A gives you theflexibility to create the waveforms youneed. It also lets you store up to fourwaveforms in nonvolatile memory.The Keysight IntuiLink arbitrary wave-form software allows you to easily cre-ate, edit, and download complex wave-forms using the waveform editor. Oryou can capture a waveform usingIntuiLink for Oscilloscope and sendit to the 33220A for output. T o findout more about IntuiLink, visit/find/intuilink.Easy-to-use functionalityFront-panel operation of the 33220A isstraight-forward and user friendly. Youcan access all major functions with asingle key or two. The knob or numerickeypad can be used to adjust frequen-cy, amplitude, offset, and other param-eters. You can even enter voltage val-ues directly in V pp, V rms, dBm, or ashigh and low levels. Timing parameterscan be entered in Hertz (Hz) orseconds.Internal AM, FM, PM, FSK, and PWMmodulation make it easy to modulatewaveforms without the need for a sep-arate modulation source. Linear andlogarithmic sweeps are also built in,with sweep rates selectable from 1 msto 500 s. Burst mode operation allowsfor a user-selected number of cyclesper period of time. GPIB, LAN, andUSB interfaces are all standard, plusyou get full programmability using SCPIcommands.External frequency reference(Option 001)The 33220A external frequency refer-ence lets you synchronize to an exter-nal 10 MHz clock, to another 33220A,or to a Keysight 33250A. Phase adjust-ments can be made from the frontpanel or via a computer interface,allowing precise phase calibration andadjustment.Key Features–Fully compliant to LXI Class Cspecification–20 MHz Sine and Squarewaveforms–Pulse, Ramp, Triangle, Noise,and DC waveforms–14-bit, 50 MSa/s, 64 k-pointarbitrary waveforms–AM, FM, PM, FSK, and PWMmodulation types–Linear & logarithmic sweeps andburst operation–10 mV pp to 10 V pp amplituderange–Graph mode for visual verifica-tion of signal settings–Connect via USB, GPIB and LANMeasurement CharacteristicsWaveformsStandard Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Pulse,Noise, DCBuilt-in arbitrary Exponential rise,Exponential fall,Negative ramp,Sin(x)/x, Cardiac Waveforms CharacteristicsSineFrequency Range 1 µHz to 20 MHz Amplitude Flatness[1], [2](relative to 1 kHz)< 100 kHz 0.1 dB100 kHz to 5 MHz 0.15 dB5 MHz to 20 MHz 0.3 dB Harmonic distortion[2], [3]< 1 V PP≥ 1 V PP DC to 20 kHz –70 dBc –70 dBc20 kHz to 100 kHz –65 dBc –60 dBc 100 kHz to 1 MHz –50 dBc –45 dBc1 MHz to 20 MHz –40 dBc –35 dBc Total harmonic distortion[2], [3]DC to 20 kHz 0.04%Spurious (non-harmonic)[2], [4]DC to 1 MHz –70 dBc1 MHz to 20 MHz –70 dBc + 6 dB/octave Phase noise(10 kHz offset) –115 dBc / Hz, typical SquareFrequency range 1 µHz to 20 MHz Rise/Fall time < 13 ns Overshoot < 2%Variable duty cycle 20% to 80% (to 10 MHz)40% to 60% (to 20 MHz) Asymmetry (@ 50% duty)1% of period + 5 ns Jitter (RMS) 1 ns +100 ppm of period Ramp, TriangleFrequency range 1 µHz to 200 kHz Linearity < 0.1% of peak output Variable Symmetry 0.0% to 100.0% PulseFrequency range 500 µHz to 5 MHz Pulse width 20 ns minimum,(period ≤ 10s) 10 ns resolution Variable edge time < 13 ns to 100 ns Overshoot < 2%Jitter (RMS) 300 ps +0.1 ppm of period NoiseBandwidth 9 MHz typicalArbitraryFrequency range 1 µHz to 6 MHzWaveform length 2 to 64 k pointsAmplitude resolution 14 bits (including sign)Sample rate 50 MSa/sMin. Rise/Fall Time 35 ns typicalLinearity < 0.1% of peak outputSettling Time < 250 ns to 0.5%of final valueJitter (RMS) 6 ns + 30 ppmNon-volatile memory four waveformsCommon CharacteristicsFrequencyAccuracy[5]± (10 ppm + 3 pHz)in 90 days± (20 ppm + 3 pHz)in 1 yearResolution 1 µHzAmplitudeRange 10 mV PP to10 V PP into 50 Ω20 mV PP to 20 V PPinto open circuitAccuracy[1], [2] (at 1 kHz)± 1% of setting± 1 mV PPUnits V PP, V rms, dBmResolution 4 digitsDC OffsetRange (peak AC + DC) ± 5 V into 50 Ω± 10 V into open circuitAccuracy[1], [2]± 2% of offset setting± 0.5% of amplitude± 2 mVResolution 4 digitsMain OutputImpedance 50 Ω typicalIsolation 42 Vpk maximumto earthProtection Short-circuit protected,overload automaticallydisables main outputExternal Frequency Reference (Option 001)Rear Panel InputLock Range 10 MHz ± 500 HzLevel 100 mV PP to 5 V PPImpedance 1 kΩ typical,AC coupledLock Time < 2 secondsRear Panel OutputFrequency 10 MHzLevel 632 mV PP(0 dBm), typicalImpedance 50 Ω typical,AC coupledPhase OffsetRange + 360° to - 360°Resolution 0.001°Accuracy 20 nsModulationAMCarrier waveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbSource Internal/ExternalInternal modulation Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Noise, Arb(2 mHz to 20 kHz)Depth 0.0% to 120.0%FMCarrier waveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbSource Internal/ExternalInternal modulation Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Noise, Arb(2 mHz to 20 kHz)Deviation DC to 10 MHzPMCarrier waveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbSource Internal/ExternalInternal modulation Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Noise, Arb(2 mHz to 20 kHz)Deviation 0.0 to 360.0 degreesPWMCarrier waveform PulseSource Internal/ExternalInternal modulation Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Noise, Arb(2 mHz to 20 kHz)Deviation 0% to 100%of pulse widthFSKCarrier waveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbSource Internal/ExternalInternal modulation 50% duty cyclesquare (2 mHzto 100 kHz)External Modulation Input[6](for AM, FM, PM, PWM)Voltage range ± 5 V full scaleInput impedance 5 kΩ typicalBandwidth DC to 20 kHzSweepWaveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbT ype Linear or Logarithmic Direction Up or Down Sweep time 1 ms to 500 s Trigger Single, External,or Internal Marker falling edge of syncsignal (programmablefrequency)Burst[7]Waveforms Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Pulse,Noise, ArbT ype Counted (1 to 50,000cycles), Infinite, Gated Start/Stop Phase –360° to +360°Internal Period 1 µs to 500 s Gate Source External trigger Trigger source Single, Externalor Internal Trigger CharacteristicsTrigger inputInput level TTL compatible Slope Rising or Falling,selectablePulse width > 100 nsInput impedance >10 kΩ, DC coupled Latency < 500 nsJitter (rms) 6 ns (3.5 ns for pulse) Trigger outputLevel TTL compatibleinto ≥ 1 kΩPulse width > 400 nsOutput Impedance 50 Ω, typical Maximum rate 1 MHzFanout ≤ 4 Keysight33220As Programming Times (typical) Configuration timesUSB LAN GP I B Function Change 111 ms 111 ms 111 ms Frequency Change 1.5 ms 2.7 ms 1.2 ms Amplitude Change 30 ms 30 ms 30 ms Select User Arb 124 ms 124 ms 123 ms Arb Download Times(binary transfer) USB LAN GPIB 64 k points 96.9 ms 191.7 ms 336.5 ms 16 k points 24.5 ms 48.4 ms 80.7 ms 4 k points 7.3 ms 14.6 ms 19.8 ms GeneralPower Supply CAT II100 - 240 V @50/60 Hz (–5%, +10%)100 - 120 V @ 400 Hz(±10%)Power Consumption 50 VA maxOperating Environment IEC 61010Pollution Degree 2Indoor LocationOperating T emperature 0 to 55 °COperating Humidity 5% to 80% RH,non-condensingOperating Altitude Up to 3000 metersStorage T emperature –30 to 70 °CState Storage Memory Power off stateautomatically saved.Four user-configurablestored statesInterface USB, GPIB, andLAN standardLanguage SCPI - 1993,I EEE-488.2Dimensions (W x H x D)Bench top 261.1 mm x 103.8 mmx 303.2mmRack mount 212.8mm x 88.3mmx 272.3mmWeight 3.4 kg (7.5 lbs)Safety Designed to UL-1244, CSA 1010,EN61010EMC T ested to MIL-461C, EN55011,EN50082-1Vibration and Shock MIL-T-28800, T ype III,Class 5Acoustic Noise 30 dBaWarm-up Time 1 hourFootnotes1. Add 1/10th of output amplitude and offsetspec per °C for operation outside the rangeof 18 to 28 °C2. Autorange enabled3. DC offset set to 0 V4. Spurious output at low amplitude is–75 dBm typical5. Add 1 ppm/°C average for operationoutside the range of 18 to 28 °C6. FSK uses trigger input (1 MHz maximum)7. Sine and square waveforms above6 MHz are allowed only withan “infinite” burst countKeysight 33220A20 MHz function/arbitrarywavefrom generatorAccessories includedOperating manual, service manual, quickreference guide, IntuiLink waveform edi-tor software, test data, USB cable, andpower cord (see language option).OptionsOpt. 001 External timebase referenceOpt. A6J ANSI Z540 calibrationOpt. AB0 Taiwan: Chinese manualOpt. AB1 Korea: Korean manualOpt. AB2 China: Chinese manualOpt. ABA English: English manualOpt. ABD Germany: German manualOpt. ABF France: French manualOpt. ABJ Japan: Japanese manualOther Accessories34131A Carrying case34161A Accessory pouch34190A Rackmount kit34191A Dual flange kit, 2U34194A Dual lock link kitMeasurement Characteristics (Continued)Ordering InformationFor more information on KeysightTechnologies’ products, applications or services, please contact your local Keysight office. The complete list is available at:/find/contactus Americas Canada (877) 894 4414Brazil 55 11 3351 7010Mexico001 800 254 2440United States (800) 829 4444Asia Pacific Australia 1 800 629 485China800 810 0189Hong Kong 800 938 693India 1 800 112 929Japan 0120 (421) 345Korea 080 769 0800Malaysia 1 800 888 848Singapore 180****8100Taiwan0800 047 866Other AP Countries (65) 6375 8100Europe & Middle East Austria 0800 001122Belgium 0800 58580Finland 0800 523252France 0805 980333Germany ***********Ireland 1800 832700Israel 1 809 343051Italy800 599100Luxembourg +32 800 58580Netherlands 0800 0233200Russia 8800 5009286Spain 0800 000154Sweden 0200 882255Switzerland0800 805353Opt. 1 (DE)Opt. 2 (FR)Opt. 3 (IT)United Kingdom0800 0260637For other unlisted countries:/find/contactus(BP-05-29-14)05 | Keysight | 33220A 20 MHz Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator - Data SheetmyKeysight/find/mykeysightA personalized view into the information most relevant to LAN eXtensions for Instruments puts the power of Ethernet and the Web inside your test systems. Keysight is a founding member of the LXI consortium.Keysight Assurance Plans/find/AssurancePlansUp to five years of protection and no budgetary surprises to ensure your instruments are operating to specification so you can rely on accurate measurements./qualityKeysight Electronic Measurement Group DEKRA Certified ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management SystemKeysight Channel Partners/find/channelpartnersGet the best of both worlds: Keysight’s measurement expertise and product breadth, combined with channel partner convenience./find/33220AThis information is subject to change without notice.© Keysight Technologies, 2011 - 2015Published in USA, May 21, 2015。
第1章引言1.1本课题的研究现状信号源作为一种基本电子设备无论是在教学、科研还是在军事技术中，都有着广泛的使用。
因此，从理论到工程对信号的发生进行深入研究，不论是从教学科研角度，还是从社会实际应用角度出发都有着积极的意义。
随着科学技术的发展和测量技术的进步，对信号源的要求越来越高，普通的信号发生器已无法满足目前日益发展的数字技术领域科研和教学的需要信号发生器既可以构成独立的信号源，也可以是高性能网络分析仪、频谱仪及其它自动测试设备的组成部分。
信号发生器的关键技术是多种高性能仪器的支撑技术，因为它能够提供高质量的精密信号源及扫频源，可使相应系统的检测过程大大简化，降低检测费用并极大地提高检测精度。
美国安捷伦生产的33250A 型函数/任意波形发生器可以产生稳定、精确和低失真的任意波形，其输出频率范围为1μHz～80MHz，而输出幅度为10mVpp～10Vpp；该公司生产的8648D射频信号发生器的频率覆盖范围更可高达9kHz～4GHz。
国产SG1060数字合成信号发生器能双通道同时输出高分辨率、高精度、高可靠性的各种波形，频率覆盖范围为1μHz～60MHz；国产S1000型数字合成扫频信号发生器通过采用新技术、新器件实现高精度、宽频带的扫频源，同时应用DDS和锁相技术，使频率范围从1MHz～1024MHz能精确地分辨到100Hz，它既是一台高精度的扫频源，同时也是一台高精度的标准信号发生器。
还有很多其它类型的信号发生器，他们各有各的优点，但是信号发生器总的趋势将向着宽频率覆盖、高频率精度、多功能、多用途、自动化和智能化方向发展。
1.2选题目的及意义信号发生器是一种经常使用的设备，由纯粹物理器件构成的传统的设计方法存在许多弊端，如：体积较大、重量较沉、移动不够方便、信号失真较大、波形种类过于单一、波形形状调节过于死板，无法满足用户对精度、便携性、稳定性等的要求，研究设计出一种具有频率稳定、准确、波形质量好、输出频率范围宽、便携性好等特点的波形发生器具有较好的市场前景，以满足军事和民用领域对信号源的要求。
1图形模式键8波形选择键2打开/关闭开关9手动触发键（仅限于扫描和猝发）3调制/扫描/猝发键10输出启用/禁用键4状态存储菜单键11旋钮5实用程序菜单键12光标键6帮助菜单键13同步连接器7菜单操作软键14输出连接器发亮键 表示活动的键和功能（例如上面的 ）。
例如，按住 前面板的主要功能：调整把手。
然后将把手调整到所需位置：Keysight 33210A10 MHz 函数/任意波形发生器只需要八个简单步骤即可掌握基本操作！发亮键表示活动的键和功能，如当前活动的波形（例如，）。
大部分键都可打开（发亮）或关闭。
除非键发亮， 否则没有任何信号输出。
要从前面板选择直流电压，请按 ，然后选择使用 键可在“图形模式”（发亮）和“菜单模式”之间切换。
可显示扫描的方波。
这两个键都发亮，同时，最后按的那个键可确定显示哪个菜单。
马来西亚印刷 2014 年 10 月 E0814*33210-90428*33210-90428快速入门教程© Keysight Technologies 2008, 2014Keysight 33210A关闭开关：自检需要几秒钟时间，自检完成后，仪器的菜（发亮），否则，不会输出任何信号。
要选择波形，请按对应的键。
例如，按( )如果连接了示波器，您可以在任何时间在此示波器上查看波形。
按（前面板左侧）以选择图形模该模式将显示波形：单模式”之间切换。
在“图形模式”中，此键““相关帮助。
可显示帮助菜单。
可激活输出连接器。
Agilent 33220A 20 MHz Function/ArbitraryWaveform GeneratorData Sheet•Fully compliant toLXI Class C specification•20 MHz Sine andSquare waveforms•Pulse, Ramp, Triangle,Noise, and DC waveforms•14-bit, 50 MSa/s, 64 k-pointArbitrary waveforms •AM, FM, PM, FSK, and PWM modulation types •Linear & logarithmic sweeps and burst operation•10 mV pp to 10 V ppamplitude range•Graph mode for visual verification of signal settings •Connect via USB, GPIBand LAN Uncompromising performance for functions andwaveformsThe Agilent Technologies 33220A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator uses direct digital synthesis (DDS) techniques to create a stable, accurate output signal for clean, low distortion sine waves. It also gives you square waves with fast rise and fall timesup to20 MHz and linearramp waves up to 200 kHz. Pulse generationThe 33220A can generate variable-edge-time pulses upto 5 MHz. With variable period, pulse width, and amplitude the 33220A is ideally suited to a wide variety of applications requiring a flexible pulse signal.Custom waveform generationUse the 33220A to generate complex custom waveforms. With 14-bit resolution, and a sampling rate of 50 MSa/s, the 33220A gives you the flexibility to create the waveforms you need. It also lets you storeup to four waveforms in nonvolatile memory.The Agilent IntuiLink Arbitrary Waveform software allowsyou to easily create, edit, and download complex waveforms using the waveform editor.Or you can capture a waveform using IntuiLink for Oscilloscope and send it to the 33220A for output. To find out more about IntuiLink, visit/find/intuilink./HP-Agilent-33220A-Waveform-Generator.aspxTo buy, sell, rent or trade-in this product please click on the link below:Measurement CharacteristicsEasy-to-use functionalityFront-panel operation of the 33220A is straight-forward and user friendly. You can access all major functions with a single key or two. The knob or numeric keypad can be used to adjust frequency, amplitude, offset, and other parameters. You can even enter voltage values directly in V pp, V rms, dBm, or as high and low levels. Timing parameters can be entered in Hertz (Hz) or seconds.Internal AM, FM, PM, FSK, and PWM modulation make it easy to modulate waveforms without the need for a separate modulation source. Linear and logarithmic sweeps are also built in, with sweep rates selec-table from 1 ms to 500 s. Burst mode operation allows for a user-selected number of cycles per period of time. GPIB, LAN, and USB interfaces are all standard, plus you get full programmability using SCPI commands.External frequency reference (Option 001)The 33220A external frequency reference lets you synchronize to an external 10 MHz clock,to another 33220A, or to an Agilent 33250A. Phase adjust-ments can be made from the front panel or via a computer interface, allowing precise phase calibration and adjustment.WaveformsStandard Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Pulse,Noise, DCBuilt-in arbitrary Exponential rise,Exponential fall,Negative ramp,Sin(x)/x, CardiacWaveforms CharacteristicsSineFrequency Range 1 µHz to 20 MHzAmplitude Flatness[1], [2](relative to 1 kHz)< 100 kHz 0.1 dB100 kHz to 5 MHz 0.15 dB5 MHz to 20 MHz 0.3 dBHarmonic distortion[2], [3]< 1 V PP≥1 V PPDC to 20 kHz -70 dBc-70 dBc20 kHz to 100 kHz -65 dBc-60 dBc100 kHz to 1 MHz -50 dBc-45 dBc1 MHz to 20 MHz -40 dBc-35 dBcTotal harmonic distortion[2],[3]DC to 20 kHz 0.04%Spurious (non-harmonic)[2],[4]DC to 1 MHz -70 dBc1 MHz to 20 MHz -70 dBc + 6 dB/octavePhase noise(10 kHz offset)-115 dBc / Hz, typicalSquareFrequency range 1 µHz to 20 MHzRise/Fall time < 13 nsOvershoot <2%Variable duty cycle20% to 80% (to 10 MHz)40% to 60% (to 20 MHz)Asymmetry (@ 50% duty)1% of period + 5 nsJitter (RMS) 1 ns +100 ppm of periodRamp, TriangleFrequency range 1 µHz to 200 kHzLinearity < 0.1% of peak outputVariable Symmetry0.0% to 100.0%PulseFrequency range500 µHz to 5 MHzPulse width 20 ns minimum,(period ≤10s)10 ns resolutionVariable edge time < 13 ns to 100 nsOvershoot< 2%Jitter (RMS)300 ps +0.1 ppm of periodNoiseBandwidth 9 MHz typicalArbitraryFrequency range 1 µHz to 6 MHzWaveform length 2 to 64 k pointsAmplitude resolution 14 bits (including sign)Sample rate 50 MSa/sMin. Rise/Fall Time35 ns typicalLinearity < 0.1% of peak outputSettling Time < 250 ns to 0.5%of final valueJitter (RMS) 6 ns + 30 ppmNon-volatile memory four waveformsCommon CharacteristicsFrequencyAccuracy[5]±(10 ppm+ 3 pHz)in 90 days±(20 ppm+ 3 pHz)in 1 yearResolution 1 µHzAmplitudeRange 10 mV PP to10 V PP into 50 Ω20 mV PP to 20 V PPinto open circuitAccuracy[1],[2](at 1 kHz) ±1% of setting±1 mV PPUnits V PP, V rms, dBmResolution 4digitsDC OffsetRange (peak AC + DC)±5 V into 50 Ω±10 V into open circuitAccuracy[1],[2]±2% of offset setting±0.5% of amplitude±2 mVResolution 4 digitsMain OutputImpedance50 ΩtypicalIsolation 42Vpkmaximumto earthProtection Short-circuitprotected,overload automaticallydisables main outputExternal Frequency Reference (Option 001)Rear Panel InputLock Range 10 MHz ±500 HzLevel 100mV PP to 5 V PPImpedance 1kΩtypical,AC coupledLock Time < 2 secondsRear Panel OutputFrequency 10MH zLevel 632mV PP(0 dBm), typicalImpedance50 Ωtypical,AC coupled2Phase Offset Range + 360°to - 360°Resolution 0.001°Accuracy 20 nsModulationAMCarrier waveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbSource Internal/External Internal modulation Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Noise, Arb (2 mHz to 20 kHz)Depth 0.0% to 120.0%FMCarrier waveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbSource Internal/ExternalInternal modulation Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Noise, Arb (2 mHz to 20 kHz)Deviation DC to 10 MHz PMCarrier waveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbSource Internal/ExternalInternal modulation Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Noise, Arb (2 mHz to 20 kHz)Deviation 0.0 to 360.0 degrees PWM Carrier waveform Pulse Source Internal/External Internal modulation Sine, Square, Ramp, Triangle, Noise, Arb (2 mHz to 20 kHz)Deviation 0% to 100% of pulse widthFSKCarrier waveforms Sine, Square,Ramp, ArbSource Internal/External Internal modulation 50% duty cyclesquare (2 mHzto 100 kHz)External Modulation Input [6](for AM, FM, PM, PWM)Voltage range ±5 V full scaleInput impedance 5 k ΩtypicalBandwidth DC to 20 kHzSweep WaveformsSine, Square, Ramp, ArbT ype Linear or Logarithmic Direction Up or Down Sweep time 1 ms to 500 sTrigger Single, External,or InternalMarker falling edge of syncsignal (programmablefrequency)Burst [7]Waveforms Sine, Square, Ramp,Triangle, Pulse,Noise, Arb T ype Counted (1 to 50,000 cycles), Infinite, Gated Start/Stop Phase -360°to +360°Internal Period 1 µs to 500 s Gate Source External trigger Trigger source Single, Externalor Internal Trigger Characteristics Trigger input Input level TTL compatible Slope Rising or Falling, selectablePulse width > 100 ns Input impedance >10 k Ω, DC coupled Latency < 500 ns Jitter (rms) 6 ns (3.5 ns for pulse)Trigger outputLevel TTL compatible into ≥1 k ΩPulse width > 400 nsOutput Impedance 50 Ω, typicalMaximum rate 1 MHzFanout ≤4 Agilent 33220AsProgramming Times (typical)Configuration times USB LAN GPIB Function Change 111 ms 111 ms 111 ms Frequency Change 1.5 ms 2.7 ms 1.2 ms Amplitude Change 30 ms 30 ms 30 ms Select User Arb 124 ms 124 ms 123 ms Arb Download Times (binary transfer)USB LANGPIB64 k points 96.9 ms 191.7 ms 336.5 ms 16 k points 24.5 ms 48.4 ms 80.7 ms 4 k points7.3 ms14.6 ms 19.8 msGeneralPower Supply CAT II100 - 240 V @50/60 Hz (-5%, +10%)100 - 120 V @ 400 Hz (±10%)Power Consumption 50 VA max Operating Environment IEC 61010Pollution Degree 2Indoor Location Operating T emperature 0°C to 55°C Operating Humidity5% to 80% RH, non-condensingOperating Altitude Up to 3000 meters Storage T emperature -30°C to 70°C State Storage Memory Power off stateautomatically saved. Four user-configurable stored statesInterface USB, GPIB, andLAN standardLanguage SCPI - 1993,IEEE-488.2Dimensions (W x H x D)Bench top 261.1 mm x 103.8 mmx 303.2mmRack mount 212.8mm x 88.3mmx 272.3mmWeight 3.4 kg (7.5 lbs)Safety Designed to UL-1244, CSA 1010,EN61010EMC T ested to MIL-461C, EN55011,EN50082-1Vibration and Shock MIL-T-28800, T ype III,Class 5Acoustic Noise 30 dBa Warm-up Time 1 hour Warranty 1 year standardFootnotes[1]add 1/10th of output amplitude and offset spec per °C for operation outside the range of 18°C to 28°C [2]Autorange enabled [3]DC offset set to 0 V[4]spurious output at low amplitude is –75 dBm typical[5]add 1 ppm/°C average for operation outside the range of 18°C to 28°C [6]FSK uses trigger input (1 MHz maximum)[7]Sine and square waveforms above 6 MHz are allowed only with an “infinite” burst count3Measurement Characteristics (Continued)Ordering InformationAgilent 33220A20 MHz Function/ArbitraryWavefrom GeneratorAccessories includedOperating manual, service manual, quick reference guide, IntuiLink waveform editor software, test data, USB cable, and power cord (see language option). OptionsOpt. 001External timebase reference Opt. 0B0Delete manualOpt. 1CM Rackmount kit(also sold as Agilent 34190A) Opt. A6J ANSI Z540 calibrationOpt. AB0Taiwan: Chinese manual Opt. AB1Korea: Korean manualOpt. AB2China: Chinese manualOpt. ABA English: English manual Opt. ABD Germany: German manual Opt. ABF France: French manualOpt. ABJ Japan: Japanese manual Other Accessories34131A Carrying case34161A Accessory pouch34190A Rackmount kitFor more information on AgilentTechnologies’ products, applicationsor services, please contact your localAgilent office. The complete list isavailable at:/find/contactusPhone or FaxUnited States:(tel) 800 829 4444(fax) 800 829 4433Canada:(tel) 877 894 4414(fax) 800 746 4866China:(tel) 800 810 0189(fax) 800 820 2816Europe:(tel) 31 20 547 2111Japan:(tel) (81) 426 56 7832(fax) (81) 426 56 7840Korea:(tel) (080) 769 0800(fax) (080) 769 0900Latin America:(tel) (305) 269 7500Taiwan:(tel) 0800 047 866(fax) 0800 286 331Other Asia Pacific Countries:(tel) (65) 6375 8100(fax) (65) 6755 0042Email:*****************Contacts revised: 09/26/05Product specifications and descriptionsin this document subject to changewithout notice.© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006Printed in the USA, April 19, 20065988-8544ENAgilent Technologies’ Test and MeasurementSupport, Services, and AssistanceAgilent Technologies aims to maximize thevalue you receive, while minimizing yourrisk and problems. We strive to ensure thatyou get the test and measurement capabil-ities you paid for and obtain the supportyou need. Our extensive support resourcesand services can help you choose the rightAgilent products for your applications andapply them successfully.Every instrumentand system we sell has a global warranty.Two concepts underlie Agilent’s overallsupport policy: “Our Promise” and “YourAdvantage.”Our PromiseOur Promise means your Agilent test andmeasurement equipment will meet itsadvertised performance and functionality.When you are choosing new equipment,we will help you with product information,including realistic performance specifica-tions and practical recommendations fromexperienced test engineers. When youreceive your new Agilent equipment, wecan help verify that it works properly andhelp with initial product operation.Your AdvantageYour Advantage means that Agilent offersa wide range of additional expert test andmeasurement services, which you canpurchase according to your unique technicaland business needs. Solve problemsefficiently and gain a competitive edgeby contracting with us for calibration,extra-cost upgrades, out-of-warrantyrepairs, and on-site education and training,as well as design, system integration,project management, and other professionalengineering services. Experienced Agilent engi-neers and technicians worldwide can help youmaximize your productivity, optimize the returnon investment of your Agilent instruments andsystems, and obtain dependable measurementaccuracy for the life of those products.Agilent Email Updates/find/emailupdatesGet the latest information on the products andapplications you select.Agilent Direct/find/agilentdirectQuickly choose and use your test equipmentsolutions with confidence.Agilent Open/find/openAgilent Open simplifies the process of connectingand programming test systems to help engineersdesign, validate and manufacture electronic prod-ucts. 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文章标题：深度解读：33220A任意波形发生器校准手册1. 引言在现代电子技术领域，波形发生器作为一种常见的测试设备，在各种电子设备的研发和生产中扮演着至关重要的角色。
而在波形发生器中，33220A任意波形发生器以其高精度、灵活性和广泛的应用领域而备受青睐。
然而，一台高质量的波形发生器离不开准确的校准，因此本文将从深度和广度的角度，解读33220A任意波形发生器的校准手册，以期帮助读者更全面地了解和掌握这一重要的技术。
2. 33220A任意波形发生器简介33220A任意波形发生器作为一款常见的精密仪器，具有多种波形的发生能力，同时还具备高精度和灵活性的特点。
它广泛应用于频率响应测试、传感器模拟、通信系统测试等领域，为工程师和科研人员提供了便捷的测试手段。
然而，要保证其输出信号的准确性和稳定性，则需要进行准确的校准工作。
3. 校准手册解读校准手册作为保证设备准确性和稳定性的指导文档，对于33220A任意波形发生器而言尤为重要。
在校准手册中，通常包含设备的基本信息、校准原理、校准方法、校准步骤和注意事项等内容。
3.1 设备基本信息在校准手册中，首先会对33220A任意波形发生器的基本信息进行介绍，包括设备型号、生产厂家、出厂日期、技术规格等。
这些信息对于理解设备的特性和性能非常重要，也为后续的校准工作提供了基础支持。
3.2 校准原理校准原理部分将介绍33220A任意波形发生器的工作原理、内部结构和关键元器件，以及输出信号的稳定性和准确性的保证机制。
通过深入理解校准原理，可以更好地把握校准的关键技术和要点。
3.3 校准方法和步骤校准方法和步骤部分则是校准手册的核心内容，它包括对设备进行校准的具体操作流程、校准所需的标准设备和仪器，以及校准过程中需要注意的细节和技巧。
根据校准手册的指导，技术人员可以按照一定的步骤和方法，对设备进行准确的校准工作。
3.4 注意事项校准手册中通常会对在校准过程中需要特别注意的事项进行说明，比如环境条件、检验周期、维护保养等，这些内容对于设备的长期稳定性和可靠性有着重要的影响。
Agilent 33250A Function/Arbitrary Waveform GeneratorData Sheet• 80 MHz sine and square wave outputs • Sine, square, ramp, noise and other waveforms• 50 MHz pulse waveforms with variable rise/fall times• 12-bit, 200 MSa/s, 64K-point deep arbi-trary waveformStandard WaveformsThe Agilent Technologies 33250A Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator uses direct digital-synthesis techniques to create a sta-ble, accurate output on all waveforms, down to 1 µHz frequency resolution. The benefits are apparent in every signal you produce, from the sine wave frequency accuracy to the fast rise/fall times of square waves, to the ramp linearity.Front-panel operation of the 33250A is straightforward and user friendly. The knob or numeric keypad can be used to adjust fre-quency, amplitude and offset. You can even enter voltage values directly in Vpp, Vrms, dBm, or high/low levels. Timing parameters can be entered in hertz (Hz) or seconds. Custom Waveform GenerationWhy settle for a basic function generator when you can get arbitrary waveforms at no extra cost? With the 33250A, you can generate arbitrary waveforms with 12-bit vertical resolution, 64K memory depth, and a sample rate of 200 MSa/s. You can also store up to four 64K-deep arbitrary waveforms in non-volatile memory with user-defined names to help you find the right waveform when you need it most.The included Agilent IntuiLink software allows you to easily create, edit, and down-load complex waveforms using the IntuiLink Arbitrary Waveform Editor. Or you can capture a waveform using IntuiLink oscilloscope or DMM and send it to the 33250A for output. For programmers, ActiveX components can be used to control the instrument using SCPI commands. IntuiLink provides the tools to easily create, download, and man-age waveforms for your 33250A. To find out more about IntuiLink, visit /find/intuilink. Pulse GenerationThe 33250A can generate simple pulses up to 50 MHz. With variable edge time, pulse width and voltage level, the 33250A is ideally suited to a wide variety of pulse applications.Built-in VersatilityAM, FM and FSK capabilities make it easy to modulate waveforms with or without a separate source. Linear or logarith-mic sweeps can be performed with a programmable frequency marker signal. Programmable burst count and gating allow you to further customize your signal.For system applications, both GPIB and RS-232 interfaces are standard, and support full programmability using SCPI commands.Color Graphical DisplayThe unique design of the 33250A combines a low-profile instrument with the benefits of a color graphical display. Now you can display multiple waveform parameters at the same time. The graphical interface also allows you to modify arbitrary waveforms quickly and easily.Timebase Stability and Clock Reference The 33250A TCXO timebase gives you frequency accuracy of 2 ppm for your most demanding applications. The external clock reference input/output lets you synchronize to an external 10 MHz clock, to another 33250A, or to another Agilent 332XXA Function/Arbitrary Wafeform Generator. Phase adjustments can be made from the front panel or via a computer interface, allowing precise phase calibration and adjustment.2Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice. © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2009Printed in USA May 5, 20095968-8807ENOrdering InformationAgilent 33250A80 MHz Function/Arbitrary Wavefrom GeneratorAccessories includedOperating manual, service manual,quick reference guide, IntuiLink waveform editor software, test data, RS-232 cable, and power cord (see language option).OptionsOpt. 0B0 Delete manual Opt. 1CM Rackmount kit (also sold as Agilent 34190A) Opt. A6J ANSI Z540 calibration Opt. AB0 Taiwan: Chinese manual Opt. AB1 Korea: Korean manual Opt. AB2 China: Chinese manual Opt. ABA English: English manual Opt. ABD Germany: German manual Opt. ABF France: French manual Opt. ABJ Japan: Japanese manual Other Accessories 34131A Carrying case 34161A Accessory pouch 34190A Rackmount kit**For racking two 33250As side-by-side, order thefollowing items: Lock-link kit (p/n 5061-9694), Flange kit (p/n 5063-9212)Remove all doubtOur repair and calibration services will get your equipment back to you, performing like new, when prom-ised. You will get full value out of your Agilent equipment through-out its lifetime. Your equipment will be serviced by Agilent-trained technicians using the latest factory calibration procedures, automated repair diagnostics and genuine parts. You will always have the utmost confidence in your measurements. Agilent offers a wide range of ad-ditional expert test and measure-ment services for your equipment, including initial start-up assistance onsite education and training, as well as design, system integration, and project management.F or more information on repair and calibration services, go to:/find/removealldoubt/find/emailupdatesGet the latest information on theproducts and applications you select./find/agilentdirectQuickly choose and use your test equipment solutions with confidence.Agilent Email UpdatesAgilent DirectFor more information on Agilent Technologies’ products, applications or services, please contact your local Agi-lent office. The complete list is available at:/find/contactusAmericasLatin America 305 269 7500United States (800) 829-4444Asia Pacific China800 810 0189Hong Kong 800 938 693India 1 800 112 929Japan 0120 (421) 345Korea 080 769 0800Malaysia 1 800 888 848Singapore 1 800 375 8100Taiwan 0800 047 866Thailand1 800 226 008Europe & Middle East Belgium 32 (0) 2 404 93 40 Denmark 45 70 13 15 15Finland 358 (0) 10 855 2100France 0825 010 700**0.125 €/minuteGermany 07031 464 6333 Ireland 1890 924 204Israel 972-3-9288-504/544Italy 39 02 92 60 8484Netherlands 31 (0) 20 547 2111Spain 34 (91) 631 3300Sweden 0200-88 22 55Switzerland 0800 80 53 53United Kingdom 44 (0) 118 9276201Other European Countries:/find/contactusRevised: March 24, 2009。
第一章1、什么是自动测试系统，它由哪几部分组成？自动测试系统：通常把以计算机为核心，在程控指令的指挥下，能自动完成某种测试任务而组合起来的测量仪器和其它设备的有机整体称为自动测试系统，简称ATS （automatic test system）。
组成部分：控制器；可程控仪器、设备；总线与接口；测控软件；被测对象；2、简述自动测试系统的发展历程和发展趋势。
1、第一代自动测试系统（专用型）：2、第二代自动测试系统（台式仪器积木型）：3、第三代自动测试系统（模块化仪器集成型）：3、什么是虚拟仪器，它有什么特点，虚拟仪器系统有哪些组成部分？1．虚拟仪器：是计算机与仪器仪表相结合的产物，它利用计算机的强大功能，结合相应的硬件，大大突破了传统仪器仪表在数据传送、处理、显示和存储等方面的限制，使用户可以方便的对其维护、扩展和升级。
用户可以通过编制软件来定义它的功能。
2．虚拟仪器系统组成：硬件和软件4、虚拟仪器系统中的软件主要包括什么，常用的软件开发工具是什么？1．软件：虚拟仪器能否成功运行，就取决于软件。
包括仪器驱动程序、应用程序和软面板程序。
2．测试软件开发工具：可视化软件平台：HP-VEE，LabVIEW，LabWindows/CVI高级编程语言：C，VC++，VB，Delphi(5.谈谈你对自动测试系统的了解和认识。
6.)结合“电子测量与仪器”课程知识，构建一个自动测试系统，画出系统结构图。
第二章1. VXIbus系统的两种结构外置计算机结构和嵌计算机结构2. 常用VXIbus系统接口GPIB接口、 IEEE1394接口、MXI总线接口、 RS-232C接口、VMEbus接口3. 器件及其分类•器件定义：器件（device）是VXI总线系统中的基本逻辑单元。
•器件编号：在一个VXI总线系统中最多可有256个器件，每个器件有一个唯一的逻辑地址，编号：000~255。
•器件分类：根据其性质、特点和它所支持的通信规程，可以分为消息基器件、寄存器基器件、存储器基器件和扩展器件四种类型。
