opengl纹理

gl_texture_external_oes 用法一、概述gl_texture_external_oes是OpenGL ES 2.0中的一个特性，用于在渲染过程中使用纹理贴图。

它允许应用程序将纹理数据存储在外部存储设备上，并在需要时从外部存储设备中加载纹理数据。

这可以提高应用程序的性能和效率，特别是在处理大量纹理数据时。

二、使用场景1. 大型纹理：当应用程序需要使用大量纹理时，将纹理数据存储在外部存储设备上可以显著提高性能。

应用程序可以定期加载所需的纹理数据，而不是每次渲染时都加载整个纹理。

2. 多分辨率纹理：应用程序可以存储不同分辨率的纹理数据，并根据需要加载适当的分辨率。

这可以提高纹理的质量和性能。

3. 动态纹理：当应用程序需要实时更新纹理时，使用gl_texture_external_oes可以减少渲染过程中的计算负担。

应用程序可以在后台线程中更新纹理数据，并在需要时将其加载到渲染过程中。

三、使用步骤1. 创建外部存储设备目录：应用程序需要创建一个外部存储设备目录，用于存储纹理数据。

可以使用Android API中的FileManager 类来创建目录。

2. 创建纹理对象：使用OpenGL ES中的glGenTextures()函数创建一个纹理对象，用于存储外部存储设备上的纹理数据。

3. 绑定纹理对象：使用OpenGL ES中的glBindTexture()函数将纹理对象绑定到纹理单元。

4. 设置纹理参数：使用OpenGL ES中的glTexParameter()函数设置纹理参数，例如外部格式、外部采样器类型等。

5. 加载纹理数据：使用Android API中的MediaStore类从外部存储设备中加载纹理数据。

可以将纹理数据保存为文件或媒体库中的条目，并使用MediaStore类检索它们。

6. 将纹理数据传输到GPU：使用OpenGL ES中的glTexImage2D()函数将纹理数据传输到GPU。

OpenGL的帧缓冲对象和浮点纹理（转载⾃Graphixer何咏的博客）接下来准备实现光照贴图的打包和预计算了。

因为想实现HDR，光照贴图准备存储为RGBE或浮点格式。

为了渲染浮点格式的光照贴图，就需要解决两个问题，⼀是如何让OpenGL能够真正地处理浮点格式的纹理，⽽不是把他们截断到[0,1]区间内；⼆是如何将场景渲染到浮点格式的纹理中，以便对这个纹理进⾏Tone mapping 和Bloom等操作。

今天花了⼀晚上的时间在⽹上搜索资料，学习了Frame Buffer Object的⽤法。

FBO是⽬前实现RTT和GPGPU算法最好的解决⽅案，因为它的接⼝设计相对合理，避免了显存到内存之间的数据交换。

FBO相当于各类帧缓冲，是⼀个渲染对象。

在传统的渲染管线中，渲染后的数据输出到各种帧缓冲中，如颜⾊缓冲，深度缓冲等。

有了FBO之后，就可以把数据渲染到已粘附到FBO的纹理中。

稍后将会给出具体的代码，结合代码和分析你将很容易掌握FBO的⽤法。

现在先讨论⼀下OpenGL的浮点纹理。

我们先来看⼀下OpenGL的glTexImage2D函数原型。

void glTexImage2D(GLenum target, GLint level, GLint internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLint border,GLenum format, GLenum type, const GLvoid *pixels );以前，我们向纹理对象提供数据时是这样做的：glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGBA,width,height,0,GL_RGBA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,pixels);我们为Type参数提供的值是GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE表⽰我们的数据在内存中的存储格式为⽆符号字节型整数。

现在我们的纹理格式为浮点型，我们会很⾃然地想到，能不能把上述函数调⽤改为：GL_FLOAT,pixels);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGBA,width,height,0,GL_RGBA,GL_FLOAT来让OpenGL接收浮点纹理呢？答案是不可以。

openGL三维网格坐标，旋转，缩放，灯光设置，纹理读取，模型读取（MFC单文档）在我的MFC单文档项目中enableview.h和enableview.cpp负责上面的窗口建立，myopenglview.h和myopenglView.cpp主要是功能的实现1.三维网格建立：void GLGrid(float pt1x, float pt1y, float pt1z, float pt2x, float pt2y, float pt2z, int num){const float _xLen = (pt2x - pt1x) / num;const float _yLen = (pt2y - pt1y) / num;const float _zLen = (pt2z - pt1z) / num; glLineWidth(2.f);glLineStipple(1, 0x0303);//线条样式glBegin(GL_LINES);glEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH);int xi = 0;int yi = 0;int zi = 0;//绘制平行于X的直线for (zi = 0; zi <= num; zi++){float z = _zLen * zi + pt1z;for (yi = 0; yi <= num; yi++){float y = _yLen * yi + pt1y;glVertex3f(pt1x, y, z);glVertex3f(pt2x, y, z);}}//绘制平行于Y的直线for (zi = 0; zi <= num; zi++){float z = _zLen * zi + pt1z;for (xi = 0; xi <= num; xi++){float x = _xLen * xi + pt1x;glVertex3f(x, pt1y, z);glVertex3f(x, pt2y, z);}}//绘制平行于Z的直线for (yi = 0; yi <= num; yi++){float y = _yLen * yi + pt1y;for (xi = 0; xi <= num; xi++){float x = _xLen * xi + pt1x;glVertex3f(x, y, pt1z);glVertex3f(x, y, pt2z);}}glEnd();}void CmyopenglView::ordination() {glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);glEnable(GL_BLEND);glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH); //设置反走样glHint(GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST); //设置反走样glEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH);glHint(GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST);glEnable(GL_POL YGON_SMOOTH);glHint(GL_POL YGON_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST);glRotatef(-45, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);//网格glPushMatrix();glColor3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f);glTranslatef(-4, -4, -4);GLGrid(0,0,0,8,0,8,20);glPopMatrix();glPushMatrix();glTranslated(-4,4, -4);glRotatef(90, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);glColor3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.0f);GLGrid(0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 8, 20);glPopMatrix();glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(-4, -4, -4);glRotatef(90, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);glColor3f(0.0f, 0.9f, 0.0f);GLGrid(0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 8, 20);glPopMatrix();glDisable(GL_BLEND);glDisable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH);glDisable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH);glDisable(GL_POL YGON_SMOOTH);}我们在ordination（）函数中增加绘制x,y,z坐标的代码void CmyopenglView::ordination() {glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);glEnable(GL_BLEND);glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH); //设置反走样glHint(GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST); //设置反走样glEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH);glHint(GL_LINE_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST);glEnable(GL_POL YGON_SMOOTH);glHint(GL_POL YGON_SMOOTH_HINT, GL_NICEST);glRotatef(-45, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);//网格glPushMatrix();glColor3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f);glTranslatef(-4, -4, -4);GLGrid(0,0,0,8,0,8,20);glPopMatrix();glPushMatrix();glTranslated(-4,4, -4);glRotatef(90, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);glColor3f(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.0f);GLGrid(0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 8, 20);glPopMatrix();glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(-4, -4, -4);glRotatef(90, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);glColor3f(0.0f, 0.9f, 0.0f);GLGrid(0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 8, 20);glPopMatrix();//x//glTranslatef(-2, -2, -2);glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);glBegin(GL_LINES);glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);glVertex3f(3.5, 0.0f, 0.0f);glEnd();glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(3.5, 0.0f, 0.0f);glRotatef(90.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);glutWireCone(0.027, 0.09, 10, 10);glPopMatrix();//yglColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);glBegin(GL_LINES);glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0, 3.5, 0.0f);glEnd();glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(0.0, 3.5, 0.0f);glRotatef(90.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);glutWireCone(0.027, 0.09, 10, 10);glPopMatrix();//zglColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);glBegin(GL_LINES);glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0f, 3.5);glEnd();glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0f, 3.5);glRotatef(90.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);glutWireCone(0.027, 0.09, 10, 10);glPopMatrix();glDisable(GL_BLEND);glDisable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH);glDisable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH);glDisable(GL_POL YGON_SMOOTH); }、2.基本三维图形创建点模型/线模型/面模型glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);if (model == 1){if (type == 1)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);if (type == 2)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);if (type == 3)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_POINT);auxSolidCube(4);}if (model == 2){if (type == 1)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);if (type == 2)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);if(type == 3)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_POINT);auxSolidSphere(3.0);}if (model == 3){glPushMatrix();glRotatef(90, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);if (type == 1)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);if (type == 2)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);if (type == 3)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_POINT);glutSolidCone(3, 3, 100, 100);glPopMatrix();}if (model == 4){if (type == 1)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);if (type == 2)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);if (type == 3)glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_POINT);glutSolidTeapot(2.5);}3.鼠标相应旋转缩放BOOL enableview::OnMouseWheel(UINT nFlags, short zDelta, CPoint pt){// TODO: 在此添加消息处理程序代码和/或调用默认值double a = zDelta / 120;if ((scale + a * 0.1) < 10)scale += a * 0.1;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);return CView::OnMouseWheel(nFlags, zDelta, pt);}void enableview::OnMouseMove(UINT nFlags, CPoint point){// TODO: 在此添加消息处理程序代码和/或调用默认值if (nFlags & MK_LBUTTON == TRUE) {//MessageBox("mouse move function triggered!", "attentino", MB_OK);du += point.x - oldmx; //鼠标在窗口x轴方向上的增量加到视点绕y轴的角度上，这样就左右转了h += 0.03f*(point.y - oldmy); //鼠标在窗口y轴方向上的改变加到视点的y坐标上，就上下转了if (h>15.0f) h = 15.0f; //视点y坐标作一些限制，不会使视点太奇怪else if (h<-5.0f) h = -5.0f;oldmx = point.x, oldmy = point.y; //把此时的鼠标坐标作为旧值，为下一次计算增量做准备/*CString debug;debug.Format(_T("h,du= %0.3f %3d\n"), h, du);OutputDebugString(debug);*///OnPaint();this->OnDraw(this->GetDC()); //重绘界面}else if (nFlags & MK_RBUTTON == TRUE){oldmx += point.x - oldmx;oldmy += point.y - oldmy;glTranslatef(oldmx, oldmy, -0.1f);this->OnDraw(this->GetDC());oldmx = point.x, oldmy = point.y;}else {oldmx = point.x, oldmy = point.y;//OutputDebugString(_T("mouse up\n"));}//CView::OnMouseMove(nFlags, point);}4.键盘相应旋转缩放BOOL CmyopenglView::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg){if (pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN) // If a keydown message{if (pMsg->wParam == _T('W')){this->rotate_x += 6.0;if (this->rotate_x > 360)this->rotate_x = -360;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);}if (pMsg->wParam == _T('X')){this->rotate_x += 6.0;if (this->rotate_x < -360)this->rotate_x = 360;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);}if (pMsg->wParam == _T('A')){this->rotate_y -= 6.0;if (this->rotate_y < -360)this->rotate_y = 360;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);}if (pMsg->wParam == _T('D')){this->rotate_y += 6.0;if (this->rotate_y > 360)this->rotate_y = -360;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);}if (pMsg->wParam == _T('Z')){this->rotate_z -= 6.0;if (this->rotate_z < -360)this->rotate_z = 360;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);}if (pMsg->wParam == _T('E')){this->rotate_z += 6.0;if (this->rotate_z > 360)this->rotate_z = -360;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);}if (pMsg->wParam == _T('Q')){if ((scale + 2) < 10)scale += 2;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);}if (pMsg->wParam == _T('R')){scale -= 2;this->InvalidateRect(NULL, FALSE);}}return CView::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);}5.灯光设置：单方位灯光/多方位光/多种类型光效果// 设置材质颜色GLfloat mat_ambient[] = { 0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1.0f }; // 蓝色的材质环境光GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = { 0.6f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 1.0f }; // 蓝色的材质漫反射光GLfloat mat_specular[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; // 全白色的材质镜面反射光GLfloat mat_emission[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f }; // 淡白色的材质辐射光GLfloat no_mat[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; // 无光(黑色光),用于关闭某种属性光时应用GLfloat no_shininess[] = { 0.0f }; // 无镜面反射GLfloat low_shininess[] = { 5.0f }; // 低镜面反射指数GLfloat high_shininess[] = { 70.0f }; // 高镜面反射指数void CmyopenglView::InitalLigt(){GLfloat light_position1[4] = { -52, -16, -50, 0 };GLfloat light_position2[4] = { -26, -48, -50, 0 };GLfloat light_position3[4] = { 16, -52, -50, 0 };GLfloat direction1[3] = { 52, 16, 50 };GLfloat direction2[3] = { 26, 48, 50 };GLfloat direction3[3] = { -16, 52, 50 };GLfloat light_position4[4] = { 52, 16, 50, 0 };GLfloat light_position5[4] = { 26, 48, 50, 0 };GLfloat light_position6[4] = { -16, 52, 50, 0 };GLfloat direction4[3] = { -52, -16, -50 };GLfloat direction5[3] = { -26, -48, -50 };GLfloat direction6[3] = { 16, -52, -50 };GLfloat color1[4], color2[4], color3[4], color4[4], color5[4], color6[4];glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 0);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);if (color_type == 0) { //彩色灯光color1[0] = 1; color1[1] = 0; color1[2] = 0; color1[3] = 1;color2[0] = 0.5; color2[1] = 1; color2[2] = 0; color2[3] = 1;color3[0] = 0; color3[1] = 0; color3[2] = 1; color3[3] = 1;color4[0] = 1; color4[1] = 0; color4[2] = 0; color4[3] = 1;color5[0] = 0.5; color5[1] = 1; color5[2] = 0; color5[3] = 1;color6[0] = 0; color6[1] = 0; color6[2] = 1; color6[3] = 1;GLfloat ambient[4] = { 0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f };GLfloat material_color[4] = { 1, 1, 1, 0.5f };GLfloat material_specular[4] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f };GLfloat material_ambient[4] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };glLightfv(GL_LIGHT3, GL_POSITION, light_position4);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT3, GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, direction4);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT3, GL_DIFFUSE, color4);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT3, GL_SPECULAR, color4);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT4, GL_POSITION, light_position5);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT4, GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, direction5);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT4, GL_DIFFUSE, color5);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT4, GL_SPECULAR, color5);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT5, GL_POSITION, light_position6);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT5, GL_SPOT_DIRECTION, direction6);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT5, GL_DIFFUSE, color6);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT5, GL_SPECULAR, color6);glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambient);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_SPECULAR, material_specular);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_DIFFUSE, material_color);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT, material_ambient);glMaterialf(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_SHININESS, 128);glDisable(GL_LIGHT0);glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_LIGHT3);glEnable(GL_LIGHT4);glEnable(GL_LIGHT5);glDisable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);return;}if (color_type == 1){//白色灯光glDisable(GL_LIGHT3);glDisable(GL_LIGHT4);glDisable(GL_LIGHT5);glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);GLfloat m_LightPostion[4] = { 0.0f, 10.0f, 10.0f, 1.0f };GLfloat ambientLight[] = { 0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f };GLfloat diffuseLight[] = { 0.5, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };GLfloat specularLight[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuseLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specularLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, m_LightPostion);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE);}else {glDisable(GL_LIGHT3);glDisable(GL_LIGHT4);glDisable(GL_LIGHT5);glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);glDisable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE);//glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);GLfloat no_ambientLight[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; // 用于关掉默认的全局环境光// 设置光源的颜色GLfloat ambientLight[] = { 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f }; // 白色环境光GLfloat diffuseLight[] = { 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f }; // 白色漫射光GLfloat specularLight[] = { 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f }; // 白色镜面反射光GLfloat m_LightPostion[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; // 光源起始位置// 1.仅漫射光if (color_type == 12) {glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);//glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, no_ambientLight); // 关掉默认的全局环境光glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuseLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specularLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, m_LightPostion);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat); // 关闭材质的环境反射光颜色glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); // 设置mat_diffuse的材质漫反射光glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat); //关闭材质的镜面反射光颜色glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess); // 设置材质的镜面反射指数为0glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); // 关闭材质的辐射光glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);}// 2.仅镜面光if (color_type == 13) {glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);//glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, no_ambientLight); // 关掉默认的全局环境光glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuseLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specularLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, m_LightPostion);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, no_mat);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);}// 3.漫射光与低镜面光if (color_type == 16) {glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, no_ambientLight); // 关掉默认的全局环境光glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuseLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specularLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, m_LightPostion);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);}// 4.辐射光与低镜面光if (color_type == 18) {glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, no_ambientLight); // 关掉默认的全局环境光glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuseLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specularLight);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, m_LightPostion);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, no_mat);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, mat_emission);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);}}}6.纹理载入映射BOOL CmyopenglView::LoadImageResources() {FILE *File = NULL;AUX_RGBImageRec* textrue_Resource[6];if (model == 5 && type == 51)resource_path[0] = "shuijing.bmp";if(model == 5 && type == 52 )resource_path[0] = "earth.bmp";if (model == 5 && type == 53)resource_path[0] = "painting1.bmp";if (model == 5 && type == 54)resource_path[0] = "5.bmp";/*resource_path[1] = "image/2.bmp";resource_path[2] = "image/3.bmp";resource_path[3] = "image/4.bmp";resource_path[4] = "image/5.bmp";resource_path[5] = "image/6.bmp";*///装载图像文件资源for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)//如果只需要一张贴图其实resource_path数组只需要一个元素就可以了{File = fopen(resource_path[0], "r");if (!File){//MessageBox(NULL, "加载图像资源文件失败!", "Fail", MB_OK);return FALSE;}fclose(File);CString str = CString(resource_path[0]);USES_CONVERSION;LPCWSTR wszClassName = A2CW(W2A(str));textrue_Resource[i] = auxDIBImageLoad(wszClassName);File = NULL;}//生成纹理glGenTextures(6, texture);for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++){glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[i]);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);//Use the mipmap textureglTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_RGB, \textrue_Resource[i]->sizeX, textrue_Resource[i]->sizeY, \GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, textrue_Resource[i]->data);//删除堆上的临时图像delete textrue_Resource[i]->data;delete textrue_Resource[i];}return TRUE;}void CmyopenglView::Draw_textrue() {GLUquadricObj* qobj;glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);InitalLigt(); ///初始化光照信息glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL);glPushMatrix();glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, scale); //滚轮缩放gluLookAt(r*cos(c*du), h, r*sin(c*du), 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0); //从视点看远点,y轴方向(0,1,0)是上方向，鼠标拖动glRotatef(this->rotate_x, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);glRotatef(this->rotate_y, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);glRotatef(this->rotate_z, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);if (iao)ordination();glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);qobj = gluNewQuadric();//画球体glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);gluQuadricTexture(qobj, GL_TRUE);//纹理函数if (type == 51){glBegin(GL_QUADS);// Front FaceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);// Back FaceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);// Top FaceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);// Bottom FaceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);// Right faceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);// Left FaceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, -3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, -3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-3.0f, 3.0f, -3.0f);glEnd();}if( type == 52 )gluSphere(qobj, 4, 60, 60);//二次曲面qobjif( type == 53 )gluCylinder(qobj, 3.5, 3.5, 6, 26, 23);if( type == 54 )gluCylinder(qobj, 3.5, 0.0, 6, 26, 23);glPopMatrix();glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);}6.读取obj模型我只是简单的读取vt,vn,f等基本参数void CmyopenglView::ReadObj(char* Filename) {VN.clear();V.clear();VT.clear();F.clear();FQ.clear();ifstream in(Filename);string aline; //逐行读入string erase;while (getline(in, aline)){if (aline[0] == 'v'){if (aline[1] == 'n') //vn{istringstream sin(aline);V ertex v;sin >> erase >> v.x >> v.y >> v.z;VN.push_back(v);}else if (aline[1] == 't')//vt{istringstream sin(aline);Texture v;sin >> erase >> v.s >> v.t;VT.push_back(v);}else //v{istringstream sin(aline);V ertex v;sin >> erase >> v.x >> v.y >> v.z;V.push_back(v);}}else if (aline[0] == 'f'){istringstream sin(aline);sin >> erase;vector<string> strvector;string temp;while (sin >> temp) {strvector.push_back(temp);}if (strvector.size() == 3) {//三角面片Face fff;for (int count = 0; count < 3; count++) {string kkk = strvector[count];int i = 0;int num = 0;//顶点索引for (; i < kkk.size() && kkk[i] != '/'; i++)num = num * 10 + kkk[i] - '0';fff.v[count] = num;i++;num = 0;//vtnum = 0;for (; i < kkk.size() && kkk[i] != '/'; i++)num = num * 10 + kkk[i] - '0';fff.vt[0] = num;i++;num = 0;//法向量索引for (; i < kkk.size() && kkk[i] != '/'; i++)num = num * 10 + kkk[i] - '0';fff.vn[count] = num;}F.push_back(fff);}else if (strvector.size() == 4){FaceQ fff;for (int count = 0; count < strvector.size(); count++) { string kkk = strvector[count];int i = 0;int num = 0;//顶点索引for (; i < kkk.size() && kkk[i] != '/'; i++)num = num * 10 + kkk[i] - '0';fff.v[count] = num;i++;num = 0;//vtnum = 0;for (; i < kkk.size() && kkk[i] != '/'; i++)num = num * 10 + kkk[i] - '0';fff.vt[0] = num;i++;num = 0;//法向量索引for (; i < kkk.size() && kkk[i] != '/'; i++)num = num * 10 + kkk[i] - '0';fff.vn[count] = num;}FQ.push_back(fff);}}}}绘制obj模型：void CmyopenglView::OnReadobj(){model = 6;wchar_t filters[] =L"3D模型文件(*.obj)\|*.obj|所有文件(*.*)|*.*||";CFileDialog fileDlg(TRUE, NULL, NULL,OFN_HIDEREADONL Y, filters);if (fileDlg.DoModal() == IDOK){CString strBuf = fileDlg.GetPathName();USES_CONVERSION;char *Filename = T2A(strBuf.GetBuffer(0));ReadObj(Filename);}stringstream ss;ss <<"OK!";string str;ss >> str;CString s;s = str.c_str();MessageBox(s);float min_x, min_y, min_z, max_x, max_y, max_z;min_x = min_y = min_z = 10000000;max_x = max_y = max_z = -1000000;for (int i = 0; i < V.size(); i++){min_x = min(min_x, V[i].x);min_y = min(min_y, V[i].y);min_z = min(min_z, V[i].z);max_x = max(max_x, V[i].x);max_y = max(max_y, V[i].y);max_z = max(max_z, V[i].z);}worldx = (min_x + max_x) / 2;worldy = (min_y + max_y) / 2;worldz = (min_z + max_z) / 2;type = 1;Invalidate();CDC* ppDC = GetWindowDC();OnDrawGL(ppDC);// TODO: 在此添加命令处理程序代码}void CmyopenglView::Draw_obj(){if (type == 1) {if (!VN.empty()) {for (int i = 0; i < F.size(); i++) {glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {glV ertex3f(V[F[i].v[j] - 1].x, V[F[i].v[j] - 1].y, V[F[i].v[j] - 1].z);}glEnd();}for (int i = 0; i < FQ.size(); i++) {glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {glV ertex3f(V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].x, V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].y, V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].z);}glEnd();}}else {for (int i = 0; i < F.size(); i++) {glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {glV ertex3f(V[F[i].v[j] - 1].x, V[F[i].v[j] - 1].y, V[F[i].v[j] - 1].z);}glEnd();}for (int i = 0; i < FQ.size(); i++) {glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {glV ertex3f(V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].x, V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].y, V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].z);}glEnd();}}}else if (type == 3) {glBegin(GL_POINTS);for (int i = 0; i < V.size(); i++)glV ertex3f(V[i].x, V[i].y, V[i].z);glEnd();}else{if (!VN.empty()) {for (int i = 0; i < F.size(); i++) {glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {glNormal3f(VN[F[i].vn[j] - 1].x, VN[F[i].vn[j] - 1].y, VN[F[i].vn[j] - 1].z);glV ertex3f(V[F[i].v[j] - 1].x, V[F[i].v[j] - 1].y, V[F[i].v[j] - 1].z);}glEnd();}for (int i = 0; i < FQ.size(); i++) {glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);glBegin(GL_QUADS);for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {glNormal3f(VN[FQ[i].vn[j] - 1].x, VN[FQ[i].vn[j] - 1].y, VN[FQ[i].vn[j] - 1].z);glV ertex3f(V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].x, V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].y, V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].z);}glEnd();}}else{for (int i = 0; i < F.size(); i++) {glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {glV ertex3f(V[F[i].v[j] - 1].x, V[F[i].v[j] - 1].y, V[F[i].v[j] - 1].z);}glEnd();}for (int i = 0; i < FQ.size(); i++) {glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);glBegin(GL_QUADS);for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {glV ertex3f(V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].x, V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].y, V[FQ[i].v[j] - 1].z);}glEnd();}}}}。

opengl算法学习---纹理映射纹理映射纹理映射(Texture Mapping)，⼜称纹理贴图，是将纹理空间中的纹理像素映射到屏幕空间中的像素的过程。

简单来说，就是把⼀幅图像贴到三维物体的表⾯上来增强真实感，可以和光照计算、图像混合等技术结合起来形成许多⾮常漂亮的效果。

纹理纹理可看成是⼀个或多个变量的函数，因此根据纹理定义域的不同，纹理可分为⼀维纹理、⼆维纹理、三维纹理和⾼维纹理。

基于纹理的表现形式，纹理⼜可分为颜⾊纹理、⼏何纹理两⼤类。

颜⾊纹理指的是呈现在物体表⾯上的各种花纹、图案和⽂字等，即通过颜⾊⾊彩或明暗度的变化体现出来的细节。

如⼤理⽯墙⾯、墙上贴的字画器⽫上的图案等。

⼏何纹理(也可称为凹凸纹理)是指基于景物表⾯微观⼏何形状的表⾯纹理，如桔⼦、树⼲、岩⽯、⼭脉等表⾯呈现的凸凹不平的纹理细节。

⽣成颜⾊纹理的⼀般⽅法是在⼀个平⾯区域(即纹理空间)上预先定义纹理图案，然后建⽴物体表⾯的点与纹理空间的点之间的对应—即映射。

以纹理空间的对应点的值乘以亮度值，就可把纹理图案附到物体表⾯上⽤类似的⽅法给物体表⾯产⽣凹凸不平的外观或称凹凸纹理。

普通纹理映射常见的2D纹理映射实际上是从纹理平⾯到三维物体表⾯的⼀个映射。

凹凸纹理映射前述各种纹理映射技术只能在光滑表⾯上描述各种事先定义的花纹图案，但不能表现由于表⾯的微观⼏何形状凹凸不平⽽呈现出来的粗糙质感，如布纹，植物和⽔果的表⽪等1978年Blinn提出了⼀种⽆需修改表⾯⼏何模型，即能模拟表⾯凹凸不平效果的有效⽅法⼀⼏何(凹凸)纹理映射(bump mapping)技术⼀个好的扰动⽅法应使得扰动后的法向量与表⾯的⼏何变换⽆关，不论表⾯如何运动或观察者从哪⼀⽅向观察表⾯，扰动后的表⾯法向量保持不变。

Blinn表⾯法⽮扰动法在表⾯任⼀点处沿其法向附加⼀微⼩增量，从⽽⽣成⼀张新的表⾯，计算新⽣成表⾯的法⽮量以取代原表⾯上相应点的法⽮量。

透明效果与混合光学原理:透射，折射，反射颜⾊调和法设a为透明体的不透明度，0≤a≤1，则I=αI a+(1−α)I ba=1,完全不透明a=0,完全透明alpha融合技术BlendingRGBA(a)不透明度a表⽰穿透该表⾯光线的数量a=1，完全不透明;a=0,完全透明gl.blendFunc(src_ factor,dst factor)混合后颜⾊=源颜⾊src_factor+⽬标颜⾊dst_factor源颜⾊:当前对象⽬标颜⾊:帧缓存像素透明与Z-Buffer消隐当对象A是透明的，即B透过A是部分可见时先画B再画A，可以处理先画A再画B，深度缓冲会从B取⼀个像素，同时注意到⼰经绘制了⼀个更近的像素(A)，然后它的选择是不绘制BZ-Buffer消隐不能很好处理透明的物体，需要修正才⾏开启深度测试gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);绘制所有不透明物体(a=1.0)锁定深度缓冲区gl.depthMask(false);按从后向前次序绘制所有半透明物体释放深度缓冲区gl.depthMask(true);光线跟踪光线跟踪算法[WH1T80]是⽣成⾼度真实感图形的主要算法之⼀。

纹理映射（Texture Mapping，/wiki/Texture_mapping）是⼀一种中等难度的渲染⽅方法。

其基本思路是将⼀一张或者⼏几张图⽚片作为纹理，将其贴在模型表⾯面。

纹理映射的算法实在是⾮非常简单。

⽤用OpenGL实现纹理映射，最⼤大的难度不在于OpenGL，⽽而在于如何加载图⽚片！⽤用C++读取图⽚片有很多库可以选择，例如CImg、ImageStone和OpenCV之类的。

这些库都是跨平台的，但使⽤用起来过于复杂。

于是我找了⼀一个简单的库EasyBMP（/projects/easybmp/?source=directory），只能读取BMP 数据，够⽤用也跨平台。

所需要的就是将纹理图全部转换为BMP格式，⽤用图像处理软件很容易做到这⼀一点。

我们引⼊入⼀一个新的函数来加载纹理：//加载纹理GLuint const char//使⽤用EasyBMP加载纹理图⽚片//使⽤用什么库没有关系，最终纹理需要⽣生成⼀一个数组，数组的格式如下：//{r1,g1,b1,r2,g2,b2,...,rn,gn,bn}，其中ri，gi，bi表⽰示i位置的//像素点的rgb值。

如果图像由alpha值，数组的格式如下：//{r1,g1,b1,a1,r2,g2,b2,a2,...,rn,gn,bn,an}BMPReadFromFileint TellWidthint TellHeightunsigned char new unsignedchar3int0for int0for int0row col Redrow col Greenrow col Blue//创建纹理，并将纹理数据传递给OpenGLGLuint1glGenTextures1glBindTexture GL_TEXTURE_2D0//设置纹理参数glTexParameteri GL_TEXTURE_2D GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S GL_REPEATglTexParameteri GL_TEXTURE_2D GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T GL_REPEATglTexParameteri GL_TEXTURE_2D GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTERGL_LINEARglTexParameteri GL_TEXTURE_2D GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTERGL_LINEAR//传输数据glTexImage2D GL_TEXTURE_2D0GL_RGB0GL_RGB GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE deletereturn0加载纹理通常分为以下⼏几个步骤：（1）⽤用图像处理库（这⾥里是EasyBMP）读取纹理⽂文件。

view plaincopyprint? view plaincopyprint? view plaincopyprint? view plaincopyprint? view plaincopyprint?19. for (j = 0; j < checkImageWidth; j++) {20. c = ((((i&0x8)==0)^((j&0x8))==0))*255;21. checkImage[i][j][0] = (GLubyte) c;22. checkImage[i][j][1] = (GLubyte) c;23. checkImage[i][j][2] = (GLubyte) c;24. checkImage[i][j][3] = (GLubyte) 255;25. c = ((((i&0x10)==0)^((j&0x10))==0))*255;26. otherImage[i][j][0] = (GLubyte) c;27. otherImage[i][j][1] = (GLubyte) 0;28. otherImage[i][j][2] = (GLubyte) 0;29. otherImage[i][j][3] = (GLubyte) 255;30. }31. }32. }33.34. void init(void)35. {36. glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);37. glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);38. glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);39.40. makeCheckImages();41. glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);42.43. glGenTextures(2, texName);44. glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[0]);45. glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);46. glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);47. glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,48. GL_NEAREST);49. glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,50. GL_NEAREST);51. glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, checkImageWidth,52. checkImageHeight, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,53. checkImage);54.55. glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[1]);56. glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);57. glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);58. glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);59. glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);60. glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL);61. glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, checkImageWidth,62. checkImageHeight, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,63. otherImage);64.65. glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);66. }67.68. void display(void)69. {70. glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);71. glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[0]);72. glBegin(GL_QUADS);73. glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(-2.0, -1.0, 0.0);74. glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(-2.0, 1.0, 0.0);75. glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);76. glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(0.0, -1.0, 0.0);77. glEnd();78. glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texName[1]);79. glBegin(GL_QUADS);80. glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 0.0);81. glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);82. glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex3f(2.41421, 1.0, -1.41421);83. glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex3f(2.41421, -1.0, -1.41421);84. glEnd();85. glFlush();86. }87.88. void reshape(int w, int h)89. {90. glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h);91. glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);92. glLoadIdentity();93. gluPerspective(60.0, (GLfloat) w/(GLfloat) h, 1.0, 30.0);94. glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);95. glLoadIdentity();96. glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -3.6);97. }98.99. void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)100. {101. switch (key) {102. case 27:103. exit(0);104. break;105. }106. }107.108. int main(int argc, char** argv)109. {110. glutInit(&argc, argv);111. glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);112. glutInitWindowSize(250, 250);113. glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);114. glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);115. init();116. glutReshapeFunc(reshape);117. glutDisplayFunc(display);118. glutKeyboardFunc (keyboard);119. glutMainLoop();120. return 0;121. }122. #else123. int main(int argc, char** argv)124. {125. fprintf (stderr, "This program demonstrates a feature which is not in OpenGL Version 1.0.\n"); 126. fprintf (stderr, "If your implementation of OpenGL Version 1.0 has the right extensions,\n"); 127. fprintf (stderr, "you may be able to modify this program to make it run.\n");128. return 0;129. }130. #endif运⾏结果：。