原创高中英语时文阅读牛年说牛：趣谈中国文化中的牛附词汇答案

【初中现代文】《中国的牛》阅读答案：在语文考试中，阅读理解题往往会占有很大的比例，那么为了提高同学们的阅读理解能力，下面精心为大家整理了中国的牛阅读答案，供大家参考。

① 我特别尊重中国的牛。

②留给我印象最深的，要算一回在田垄上的“相遇”。

③ 一群朋友去郊游了。

我带头在狭窄的稻田里行走。

出乎意料的是，几头牛迎面而来。

狭窄的道路容不下人和牛，一方不得不让路。

他们还没有靠近。

我们原以为他们不会与动物搏斗。

我担心他们不可避免地会踏进泥泞的稻田，把鞋子和袜子弄得又脏又湿。

在犹豫的时候，领头的母牛在离我们不远的地方停了下来，抬起头来。

犹豫了一会儿，它就自动下了场。

一群耕牛跟着它离开稻田，从我们身边经过。

④我们都呆了，回过头来，望着深褐色的牛队，在路的尽头消失，忽然觉得自己受了很大的恩惠。

⑤ 中国的牛总是默默地为人民做繁重的工作。

在地球上，在晨光或烈日下，它拖着沉重的犁，一步一步地低下头，在后面拖出一排又一排疏松的土壤，以便人们播种。

当土地是金色或松软的时候，它可能不得不扛着重物，或者整天沿着石磨的同一个方向行走。

⑥中国的牛，没有成群奔跑的习惯，永远沉沉实实的，它们不像印度的牛，负着神圣之名，摇着尾巴在大街上闲荡。

⑦ 与荷兰奶牛和日本肉牛不同，它们整天无所事事，只是等待死亡；与西班牙斗牛不同，他们将全部精力投入到暴力斗争中。

⑧默默地工作，平心静气，这就是中国的牛。

阅读问题：1.“中国的牛”象征什么?2.本论文可分为四个层次，下面用“/”表示。

①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧3.哪句话能呼应文章的结尾？4.本文的线索是什么?5.这篇文章的主题是什么？参考答案：1.象征中国劳动人民。

2.①‖②③④‖⑤⑥⑦‖⑧3.中国的牛总是默默地为人民做繁重的工作。

4.中国的牛。

5.这篇文章赞扬了中国牛的优良品质，如友好、善良、朴实和勤奋。

同时，它也赞扬了中国劳动人民。

民俗文化中的牛阅读练习及答案①戊子鼠遁春风至，己丑牛携喜气来。

如果说人们对生肖鼠持有矛盾的心态，对于牛则几乎是一致地赞美和怜惜。

②我国自古就以农业立国，牛以其气力和血肉之躯为人类的生产和生活作出了巨大贡献。

牛是运输耕田的主要动力，然而牛的用途绝不止于此。

它的肉和奶是富合营养的优质食品，它的皮可以做船做衣服鞋帽，它的毛可以打绳子、擀毡毯，甚至它的粪便也是很不错的燃料。

牛就是这样满足着人们日常生产和生活中的各种需要、③不仅如此，牛很早就被用于祭祀、宴请、婚丧等各种礼仪场合。

人们相信牛有可以主宰人间祸福的力量，牛能负得起联络亲情的责任，能担得起消灾求福的重托。

在许多民间礼仪场合，我们都能看见牛的影踪。

云南永胜普米族孩子的成年礼要煮一锅牛骨头汤让大家共享，认为该汤“贴骨至亲”，团结兴旺。

浙江一带则流行以健牛犊为陪嫁品的婚俗。

新郎牵一头健牛犊踏路开道，认为可以驱灾避邪，平安吉祥。

④人们对牛充满了感激之情，在传说故事它塑造成乐于助人、有情有义的感人形象。

牛郎织女传说中的老牛早已为人知晓，是它告诉了牛郎织女下凡的消息，并帮助他娶了织女为妻。

后来又是它告诉牛郎将自己的皮剥下来穿在身上，牛郎才得以飞上天空与织女相见，老牛的行侠仗义不正蕴含着人们对牛的一片深情?⑤民间还创造种种仪式以表达对牛的情义。

正月初五相传是汉族的牛生日，这天，人们对牛十分优待，喂它好吃的，不让它干活，不鞭打它，更禁止宰杀。

壮族的牛王节，家家把牛栏打扫干净，把牛牵到河边洗涮，并用艾叶水加少许米酒浇牛身，以除虱、压惊、定魂。

也有的地方，各家会杀鸡宰鸭，蒸五色糯米饭，全家围桌而坐。

由家长牵牛绕桌一周后，喂以糯米饭，配甜酒、鸡蛋汤或绿豆汤，以酬其耕作之劳。

仡佬族的牛王节，这天要让牛休息，并喂以最好的饲料，有的地方在牛王节还要放鞭炮，给牛披红挂绿，以示庆贺?许多地区和民族都设有这样专门的牛日或“牛王节”，以示礼敬，⑥牛兆祥瑞。

由于牛的贡献以及人对牛的情感和依赖，人们形成了种种的习俗活动，这就构成了我国民俗文化的重要内容。

2021高中英语外刊时文阅读原创语法填空（系列五）文章1：三星堆考古发掘又上新文章2：世界最大冰山融化分解文章3：介子椎与清明节文章4：缺觉增加老年痴呆风险三星堆考古发掘又“上新”Chinese archaeologists(考古学家)announced the discovery of over 500 ___1___(culture) relics（文物）, during an ongoing excavation（发掘） at the Sanxingdui Ruins site（三星堆遗址）in Guanghan, Southwest China’s Sichuan province. The relics were discovered in six sacrificial pits（祭祀坑）___2___(date) back over 3,200 years. Among the important finds are gold and bronze masks, bronze ware, more than 100 ivory tusks, textiles(纺织物) and jade among other artifacts(工艺品).In No 3 pit, a rich reservoir(储备) for bronze ware(青铜器), archaeologists found two square zun jars(青铜尊), a ___3___(type) ancient Chinese bronze ritual vessel(祭器). Such artifacts were not found in 1986. Some of the bronze ware items __4___ (decorate) with dragon and ox patterns. The Sanxingdui Ruins is known __5___ one of the world's greatestarcheological ___6_____(discover)of the 20th century. The site was __7_____(original) discovered in the 1920s by a farmer.__8___ huge surprise came in 1986 ___9___two sacrificial pits filled with more than 1,000 relics, including gold masks, bronze sacred trees, bronze ware, jade ware and ivory, were discovered by local workers ___10____（excavate）clay for bricks.文章1答案解析：1.cultural考查词性转换。

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-中华文化01（安徽省安庆市2021-2022学年九年级上学期期中英语试题）Chinese animal symbols hold amazing power in all cultures. As with all symbols, these can bring about great positive（积极的）parts into our lives. By understanding their meanings, we think about the desired（渴望的）part each symbol represents.Crane:The crane is a legend（传说）in China for being, the prince with feathers on earth. Next to（仅次于）the phoenix（凤凰）, the crane is Chinese favourite bird symbol. The crane is the ancient symbol for long life because it can live for a long time. In many legends, the spirit ride on cranes, which are also said to take the souls（灵魂）of the dead people to heaven.Goldfish:This symbol means a lot of gold, making the goldfish a popular symbol in the Chinese culture. One of the most popular New Year’s pictures is a child holding a large goldfish and a flower which brings both wealth and harmony. A goldfish embroidered（刺绣）on a bag or a shirt is a sure way to bring enough energy into your life.Magpie（喜鹊）:This Chinese animal symbol translates into the bird of joy. It is believed that when the magpie nests in your house, it brings much cause for celebration and many happy occasions（场合）. Those people who wish to live a happy life in a new place will do well to have this symbol in their lives, as it attracts the settling（安居）energies into our lives. What's more, the magpie is a powerful symbol to attract the happiness with marriage and children.Rooster:A picture of a rooster stands for a wish for advancement（晋升）because the rooster’s crest（冠）sounds similar to the word “官” in Chinese. More importantly, legend has it that the Heavenly Rooster of Dusu Mountain was crowing（啼叫）loudly and making all the roosters on earth crow along with it. This crowing would drive away all evil spirits away.1．What is a fact about the crane?A．It’s the princess of all animals on earth.B．The Chinese favourite bird symbol.C．It will live for quite a long time.D．It can take people to heaven.2．Which brings a lot of wealth（财富）and energy?A．The crane.B．The rooster.C．The goldfish.D．The magpie.3．The passage is most likely（可能）to be found in _________.A．a storybook B．a culture column（专栏）C．a science report D．a fashion magazine02（重庆市万州高级中学2021-2022学年九年级上学期期中英语试题（含听力））Lucky signs(吉兆) is very popular with Chinese. There are many aspects and expressions of good luck in Chinese culture. They are mostly passed from ancient times and still play an important role in people’s daily lives today. The lucky colors, animals or use of language are quite special and interesting, and they make the culture more meaningful.The color redRed is deeply rooted in Chinese culture; it represents power, status (身份) and confidence to ancient Chinese royalty, while to common people, red means happiness, wealth, prosperity and good luck.Benevolent animals(神兽护体)“In the ancient East there is a dragon, her name is China. In the ancient East there is a group of people, they are all the heirs(后裔) of the dragon.” Dragons in Chinese culture represent the greatest royalty, strength, prosperity. The ancient emperors of China were regarded as the sons of dragons.Chinese puns(谐音)In the Chinese language, there are lots of interesting homophonic words(双关语). Chinese people love to use these puns in their daily lives, and it has become an important part of the culture. Especially, people love to take homophonic meanings and connect them as lucky words like “nian nian you yu”, “yu” means “fish” and it also have the similar sound as “surplus(剩余)”.4．________ kind(s) of lucky signs are mentioned in this passage.A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four5．In Chinese culture, ________ can represent(代表) the greatest royalty, strength and prosperity. A．dragons B．pandas C．birds D．tigers6．________ means happiness, wealth, prosperity and good luck.A．Pink B．Yellow C．Purple D．Red7．The best title of the passage may be “________”.A．Chinese Traditional Drama B．Chinese Traditional CultureC．Chinese Traditional Food D．Chinese Traditional Festival03（四川省德阳市第二中学校2021-2022学年九年级上学期期中英语试题）Dragons are not real animals, but look like a combination (结合体) of many animals such as snakes, fish and deer. They have twohorns (角) and long moustache (胡子).With fantastic powers, they fly in the sky or swim in the sea. They can make rain, too. The Chinese dragon is a symbol of strength and good luck.We are proud to call ourselves the “descendants (传人) of the dragon”. In Chinese, “excellent” people are often called “dragons”. A number of Chinese sayings and idioms talk about dragons, for example, “Hoping one’s child will become a dragon,” which means hoping he or she will be successful.There are also some traditional festivals about dragons in China, such as Dragon Head Raising Day and Dragon Boat Festival. We have different kinds of activities to celebrate them. These two festivals come every year, but the Year of the Dragon comes every twelve years.8．Which of the following is not mentioned as the combination of a dragon?A．Snakes B．Horses C．Fish D．Deer9．The year, 2000, is the Year of the Dragon, and which of the following years is the Year of the Dragon again?A．2012.B．2008.C．2018.D．1987．10．What does the Chinese dragon symbolize?A．A combination of many animals.B．Chinese sayings and idiom.C．Traditional festivals.D．Strength and good luck.11．In the passage, the underlined sentence “Hoping one’s child will become a dragon,” means ________ in Chinese.A．龙马精神B．龙飞凤舞C．望子成龙D．龙腾虎跃04（山东省东营市东营区实验中学（五四制）2022-2023学年九年级上学期9月学科素养英语试题）12．After the ________ was invented, the oceans were open to travel.A．compass B．printing C．gunpowder D．paper-making13．At first, gunpowder was used for ________.A．finding direction B．making fireworksC．carving characters D．writing characters14．________ developed paper-making in the Eastern Han Dynasty.A．Some sailors B．Bi Sheng C．Cai Lun D．People in the Arab world 15．Printing was developed in the ________.A．Tang Dynasty B．Song Dynasty C．Han Dynasty D．We don’t know.16．The best title for the reading material is ________.A．The Four Dynasties of Ancient ChinaB．The Four Great Inventors of Ancient ChinaC．The Four Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaD．The Four Great Inventions of China05（安徽省安庆市2021-2022学年九年级上学期期中英语试题）Beijing Opera is our national opera. It has a quite long history. It is the soul（灵魂）of Chinese national culture. It came into being（形成）after 1790 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes（戏班）___17___ to Beijing. Beijing Opera is ___18___ of historical stories, beautiful costumes and wonderful performances.Its music and singing came from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei. There are mainly ___19___kinds of roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. The Sheng is a ___20___ male actor. The Dan is a female role. The Jing is a male role ___21___ a painted face and the Chou is a comedy actor.Beijing Opera presents plays and characters mainly by four artistic ___22___. They are singing, speaking, acting and martial arts（唱、念、做、打）. These methods make audience（观众）to be encouraged by the performers’ feelings, language, music and action.Beijing Opera is ___23___ by generations（代）of Chinese people. Today, an increasing number of young people are becoming ___24___ in it. Foreign people are also visiting China to ___25___ Beijing Opera.Beijing Opera contains the soul of Chinese national culture. Its special charm（魅力）____26____ generations of Chinese people. There is no doubt that it is really the treasure of Chinese culture. 17．A．came B．left C．arrived D．reached18．A．full B．sure C．proud D．careful19．A．three B．four C．two D．five20．A．ugly B．leading C．smart D．strange21．A．in B．with C．of D．under22．A．shows B．methods C．scenes D．works23．A．enjoyed B．written C．called D．made 24．A．experienced B．interested C．weak D．rich25．A．eat B．drink C．taste D．hurt26．A．insists B．shows C．tells D．encourages参考答案：1．C2．C3．B【导语】本文介绍了在中国文化中，鹤、金鱼、喜鹊和公鸡这些中国动物符号所具有的意义。

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-中华文化流行与传播01（2022·河北·高三阶段练习）Since the beginning of the China chic(中国风) fever roughly two years ago, Chinese elements have become increasingly popular among young illustrators and designers. From Chinese YouTuber Li Ziqi to the design of clothes to furniture, Chinese aesthetics(美学) can be found everywhere. Wu Yao, a well-known Chinese illustrator and designer, said in an interview that the emergence of China chic is in fitting with the times and provides ordinary consumers, both Chinese and foreign, with a channel and opportunity to learn about Chinese tradition.The fundamental reason for the popularity of China chic comes from the all-covering nature of Chinese art. For instance, Chinese paintings have an extensive range of subjects and styles. There are a lot of French artists or fashion masters who have a lot of Chinese collections at home.Some experts say that Chinese millennials(千禧一代) are a generation who grew up with the revival of Chinese culture. They are confident in their own culture, pay more attention to quality, innovation, personal experience and are willing to experience multiculturalism. Therefore a sense of identity and confidence in traditional culture began to emerge among them.At the same time, to satisfy the Chinese market, a lot of foreign brands introduced products with Chinese elements such as "tiger bags" or clothing printed with flowers popular in Northeast China. However, it seems that Chinese consumers are not buying these products. This is due to the designer of these products' lack of understanding of Chinese culture. They don't know the stories of these cultural relics, so they define a Chinese style according to their own understanding."They don't take our traditional culture as seriously as we do. As Chinese designers, we carefully search literature, learn traditional culture and do much work before each creation, but they do not care so much about this," Wu noted.1．Why is Li Ziqi mentioned?A．To praise Li Ziqi for her great success.B．To give an example of Chinese aesthetics.C．To show her influence on Chinese aesthetics.D．To attract more people to know and follow her.2．What makes China chic so popular?A．More art collectors' emergence.B．The easier access to Chinese art.C．The wide coverage of Chinese art.D．People's improved aesthetic standards.3．What might Wu Yao advise foreign designers to do?A．Take their profession more seriously.B．Change their attitude toward the China chic.C．Create more products with Chinese elements.D．Learn more about Chinese traditional culture.4．What is mainly talked about in the text?A．The characteristics of Chinese aesthetics.B．The popularity of China chic in the world.C．The challenges facing young artists in China.D．The distinctions between Chinese and other aesthetics.02（2022·江西省乐平中学高三开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2021年中考英语必读时事热点(1) （原卷版文章导读一、阅读理解2020的回顾。

回顾过去的一年，我们中国在教育科学技术方面的诸多重大发展。

二、完形填空牛年的展望。

2021是农历辛丑年，也是中国传统上的牛年。

在中国文化中，牛是任劳任怨、勤恳踏实的象征。

牛是家畜中最勤劳的角色，也是文学作品中常描写的形象。

牛年说牛，你对牛有哪些了解？三、阅读理解这个春节档，电影《你好，李焕英》火了。

这部贾玲自编自导自演纪念母亲的电影赚足了观众的笑点与泪点，贾玲也一举成为华语影史票房最高的女演员。

贾玲对喜剧的热衷、巧妙的拍摄手法还有动人真挚的母女情谊都是这部影片成功的关键因素。

四、阅读理解感动中国十大人物——张桂梅。

烂漫的山花中，我们发现你。

自然击你以风雪，你报之以歌唱。

命运置你于危崖，你馈人间以芬芳。

不惧碾作尘，无意苦争春，以怒放的生命，向世界表达倔强。

你是崖畔的桂，雪中的梅。

五、阅读理解禁止手机带入校园。

随着教育部下发通知，要求中小学生原则上不允许将手机带入校园，北京市版详细的中小学手机管理办法也随之出台，要求全市各区学校将手机纳入学校日常管理。

众多老师学生和家长对这项新规有何反应呢？六、书面表达拒绝手机带入校园。

手机（网络）利弊谈。

一、阅读理解（原创）The year 2020 saw many historic and important moments in China. Here, we take a look back at some of the things that happened in China last year.Achievements made over the last five yearsSince 1953, China has made a development plan every five years. The year 2020 saw the completion (实现) of the 13th Five-Year Plan.Historic progress was celebrated. For example, China realized its goal of building a xiaokang society in allrespects. It wiped out (消除) extreme poverty (living on less than $1.25 or 8.16 yuan a day). Its economy grew close to 100 trillion yuan with a per capita (人均的) GDP of over 70,000 yuan. The number of dropouts (辍学) due to poverty in primary and junior high school fell to zero.As for the next step, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党第十九届五中全会), which ended on Oct 29, discussed the 14th Five-Year Plan and set long-term goals for China through 2035.By 2035, China will ensure common prosperity (共同富裕). Everyone will be able to enjoy equal basic public services. China will make technological breakthroughs (突破) in key areas and become a global leader in innovation (创新). It will support the building of international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing, Shanghai and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Education improvesThe all-around development of students has been a focus of China’s education system. In 2020, the country took further action.On Oct 16, the Ministry of Education (MOE) announced that it would add fine arts (艺术) testing to all high school entrance exams by 2022, including music, painting, calligraphy (书法), dance, drama and opera. It’s expe cted to help students learn to enjoy artistic beauty and improve their mental health.The MOE also said that China will gradually increase scores on the physical exercise test to the same level as those of Chinese, math and English on high school entrance exams.To improve students’ ability to think logically (有逻辑地) and solve problems, the MOE said on Dec 9 that China plans to include computer coding (编程) in curricula (课程) for primary and middle school students.These changes are part of Chin a’s education modernization plan for 2035. By establishing a modern education system with balanced education, China will improve its pool of human resources and talent.Major scientific and technological breakthroughsIn 2020, China made great achievements in scientific and technological areas. On May 5, China launched its newly-developed heavy-lift rocket –the Long March 5B. It is central to China’s space station program. It is the only Chinese launch vehicle that can carry large space station parts into orbit (轨道).On June 23, China completed its BeiDou satnav system by launching the last of its 59 satellites. It is one of four global navigation systems (全球导航系统). More than 120 countries and regions are now using BeiDou services in various fields.A month later, China successfully launched its Mars probe Tianwen 1 from Hainan province on July 23. It’sChina’s first independent Mars mission.On Nov 24, China launched the Chang’e 5 lunar probe (月球探测器), which returned to Earth 23 days later, bringing back 1.7 kg of rock and soil samples (样本) from the moon. It was the world’s first lunar return mission in 44 years and made China the third country to bring back moon samples after the US and the former Soviet Union (前苏联).1.How long has China carried out its five-year plan by the year 2021？A．13 years B. 65 years C. 68 years D.70 years2.Why did the Ministry of Education add fine arts (艺术) testing for high school entrance by 2022?A. To improve the students’ talents.B. To t est the students’ abilities more completely.C. Because there are fewer and fewer art talents in our country.D. To teach students to enjoy artistic beauty and improve their mental health.3.Why will the Ministry of education make three changes in education?A.To test the students’ abilities.B.To improve students' academic level(学业水平).C.To train more scientific talents.D.To store human resources and talents reasonably.4. Which statement is not true?A. BeiDou satnav system has 59 satellites.B. Tianwen 1 brough back rock and soil samples (样本) from the moon.C. Chang’e 5 lunar probe brought back moon samples for the third time in the world.D. The Long March 5B is the only rocket that can carry large space station parts into orbit in China.5.The passage mainly talk about________.A. China's achievements in poverty eradication.B. the improvement of people’s lifeC. The 14th Five-Year PlanD. the improvement in education science and technology二、完形填空（原创）The Year of the Ox is coming. In China, you will find all kinds of ox figuresmade of gold, wood, plastic, paper, shell and stone_____1_____ in shops and on streets to celebrate the return.But why was the ox chosen to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs?Centuries ago, most people made their living by _____2____. The ox was used to help plow, cultivate and carry heavy goods.The ox had an important place in Chinese culture. Ancient Chinese poets and writers often described ___3_____ in literature(文学). In the Classic of Poetry, the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, the animal____4___ in nine out of the 305 pieces.The ox is thought as a(an) ___5_____of hard work and earnestness in Chinese culture. To this day, the phrase “the spirit of ox” still refers to conquerin g（克服）any obstacle. The spirit is highly praised and many people _____6____it as their work ethic（职业道德）. When someone achieves a great ____7_____ through hard work, people often use “niu”, meaning “wonderful”, to describe him or her.Oxen seldom bully the weak or fear the ____8____. They work hard and make sacrifices.This is reflected in a couplet(对联) from a poem by Lu Xun (1881－1936): “Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers; Head bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children”（横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛）, which ____9_____expresses the poet’s loyalty to the people.So naturally, those ____10_____ were born in the Year of the Ox are often expected to be hardworking, reliable and loyal. “They never look for to be the center of attention or praise.”1.A on show B. on sale C. on advertisement D. on decoration2.A.farm B. farmed C. farms D. farming3.A.the horse B. the ox C. the flower D. the tree4.A.are mentioned B. was mentioned C. mentioned C. mentions5. A. symbol B. idea C. suggestion D. mark6.A.understand B. follow C. advise D. spread7.A.change B. difference C. praise D. success8. A. good B. rich C. strong D. wrong9. A. interestingly B. completely C. cruelly D. happily10.A.why B. which C. who D. when三、阅读理解（原创）With smiling eyes, a quick wit and a good sense of humor, Jia Ling has long been a well-known female comedian. But recently, she has gained another title.Jia, 39, starred in and directed the film Hi, Mom, which first on show on Feb 12, 2021, Chinese Lunar New Year’s Day . By Feb 23, the movie had earned more than 4 billion yuan. Jia became the top box office grossing female film director in China and is on the path to becoming an international name in the filmmaking industry.So what is the secret behind Jia’s success?One factor may be her passion for comedy. Jia graduated from Beijing’s Central Academy of Drama in 2003. In the last 18 years she has performed crosstalk in various competitions and shows. She has also played comedic roles in many comedies on the big screen, which ultimately led to the connection between the stage and film.Jia said she is not afraid of being typecast ab out the comedic roles. “For the moment, I don’t have the desire to star in non-comedy works. For an actor, a performance should come from their heart. Besides being filled with emotions, I don’t have other big talents,” she told The Beijing News.Showing her keen sense of comedy, Jia ensured that Hi, Mom hit home for those who needed a laugh. For example, when Shen Guanglin (played by Shen Teng) goes on a date with Li Huanying (played by Zhang Xiaofei), Shen suffers from a case of diarrhea, leading to an awkward and humorous scene.The approach to the film also makes Jia’s work stand out.Apart from funny scenes, Hi, Mom focuses on the pure and sincere relationship between mother and daughter.It was regarded as a “heartwarming comedy” by Hollywood Reporter. The website noted that “China’s New Year box office tends to reward titles with broad family appeal – and a little sentimentality rarely hurts. Hi, Mom appears to have hit all the right notes.”1.From the passage, you can see the film Hi, Mom. on_______ .A. February 12B. February 23C. New Year’s DayD. at any time2.From the passage which sentences is right?A. Hi, Mom is the first film which Jia played.B. Jia ling played many non-comedy rules.C. Jia became the top box office grossing film director in China.D. Jia’s success mainly comes from her love for comedy.3.Why can this movie have such a high box office?A. Because Jia Ling is a well-known female comedian.B. Because it is a heartwarming comedy and wins many people’s heart.C. Because Jia ling is talented and full of humor.C. Because there are many other famous comedians(for example Shen Teng) taking part in this film4. Which is best title for the passage?A. How to be famous.B. How Jia ling made the filmC .How Jia ling succeeds. D. Jia ling and her film Hi, Mom四、阅读理解Zhang Guimei is a teacher and principal of Huaping Girls' High School in Lijiang City. The school is the first full-tuition-girl high school in China, helping poor girlscontinue their studies after completing the nine-year education.In the past 12 years,Zhang has helped over 1,600 girls.Zhang moved to Yunnan at the age of 17. Later, shegrew up to be a teacher. In 1996, she voluntarily moved to teach in the mountainous Huaping. But the next year, she got seriously sick and had no money to pay free the surgery. Thanks to the local government and people, she was able to get the necessary treatment. "I told myself I must live on. I fought the disease to see if I could survive. And I remembered deeply in my heart that I must repay this love from those who helped me,” Zhang said.Driven by the idea of opening a free high school for girls in 2002, Zhang began a six-year journey looking free funds and donations. In 2008, Zhang was finally able to realize her dream and Huaping Girls' High school was set up.Over the 12 years, Zhang has given all of the donations and most of her salary, totaling more than one million yuan, to the school and the education of the young girls in the area.It is she that gives us girls from the mountainous areas the chance to see the world outside,” said Yang Qian, a college student who graduated from Zhang's school.Touched by Zhang's story and spirit, the Yunnan Normal University has planned some projects to work withHuaping Girls, High School and promised to send 46 future graduates as volunteer teachers each year to the school.1.What’s special about Zhang Guimei's Huaping Girls' High School?A. Z hang Guimei is both a teacher and principal.B. I t's the first full-tuition-free high school for poor girls.C. P oor girls can continue their studies for nine years.D. I n the past 12 years, Zhang wants to help 1,600 girls.2.Why did Zhang make up her mind to help those young girls?A. She also comes from a poor family like those girls.B She had been helped by the local government and people.C. She had wished to set up a school since she was a child.D. She found out that the local school needed more teachers.3. What do we know about Huaping Girls' High School?A. Z hang has been teaching there for 20 years.B. M ore than 1,000 girls study there each year.C. I t took Zhang six years to have it built up.D. I t was built by the local government in 2008.4. How would the Yunnan Normal University help Zhang?A. B y raising money for her and her students.B. B y giving all her students a good education.C. B y sending volunteer graduates each year to the school.D. By offering job opportunities to her students.5. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. A bright future faced by Huaping Girls' High SchoolB. Forty years' work of teaching in the mountainous areasC. Leading poor students on their way to higher educationD. Giving life to girls' education in mountainous areas五、阅读理解（原创）Schools will enforce specific rules to limit students’ mobile phone use on campus.Smartphones have become a necessary part of our daily lives. However, to protect younger students’ eyesight and make sure they focus on their studies, primary and middle schools will have more specific rules to limit students’ mobile phone use on campus.The Ministry of Education released（发布）a notice in January that restricts primary and middle school students from carrying mobile phones to sc hool. Those who still require their phone for some reason must get their parents’ and teachers’ agreement and must hand their phones over during class time.The policy aims to improve students’ focus on study and fight addiction（上瘾） to the internet and games.According to a 2020 report by the China Internet Network Information Center, China had 175 million internet users under the age of 18 in 2019, with 74 percent having their own mobile phones.This is worrying, as long-time use of smartphones harms chil dren’s eyesight, cervical vertebrae（颈椎） and even the brain, according to the World Health Organization.On Feb 19, Beijing Municipal Education Commission released a notice that asked all local primary and middle schools to include rules regarding smartphone usage in campus management. Schools should clarify where, how and who will take care of the phones for students who have received agreement to bring them.Many schools have taken measures to limit students’ phone use on campus. According to Zhou Danda n, an English teacher at Beijing No 20 High School, every classroom in her school has a deposit box to store students’ phones during class.Before the new regulation, she noticed that many students were preoccupied（沉迷）with their phones. Some even played games on them during class. Zhou said that most students lack self-discipline. Spending too much time on the phone will distract them and prevent them from learning, she added.Li Jisen, an 18-year-old from Beijing 101 Middle School, agrees with the ne w policy. “In general, there are more advantages than disadvantages,” he said. Li believes that regulating phone use at school is the only way to put the focus back on academics.Kathy Chen, a parent from Shanghai, allowed her daughter to take her phone to school. Chen said it’s moreimportant to cultivate kids’ ability to self-manage and develop good habits of phone usage.1.Why did The Ministry of Education released（发布）a notice to limit primary and middle school students to carry mobile phones to school.A. Because there are too many smartphones in the camp.B. Because they have influenced teachers to have lessons normally .C. Because younger students have bad abilities of self-control.D. Because it can make focus more on study and is good for their health.2.What does the underlined word restricts mean？A. limitsB. increasesC. protectsD. allows3. How many mobile phone users were there among the children under the age of 18 in 2019?A. About 70 millionB. About 125 millionC. 175 millionD. everyone4.Which statement is true according the passage?A. Some school have taken action to limit students to take their mobile phone to schools.B. Beijing Municipal Education Commission is the first to carry out this rules.C. All the students and parents agree to forbid students to bring their phones to camp.D. The rules are hard to carry out because mobile phones are necessary to the students’ life.5. The passage mainly talk about________.A. how to use mobile phones reasonably.B. some change about the use of students’ mobile phones.C. how to make students focus on study.D. why we should limit primary and middle school students to bring mobile phones to schools.六、书面表达书面表达（1）：手机当前，许多学生在课外沉溺于智能手机(smart phones)。

国人于牛，大都颇有好感，尤为器重。

一则牛的性格温和，不欺弱小；一则牛的能力非凡，总能以孺子牛精神服务他人。

难怪乎，鲁迅先生用“横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛”来表白忠诚于人民的坚定信念。

其实，牛在中华文化中具有特殊重要性。

《周礼·月令》记载的“出土牛以送寒气”体现的是立春鞭土牛迎春的文化传统，这一传统在清朝乾隆年间被列为国家庆典。

炎帝牛首人身的形象体现了先祖以牛为图腾的文化传统，秦代已有的祭牛神风俗体现了牛作为民间的保护神，《礼记·王制》记载的“天子社稷皆太牢，诸侯社稷皆少牢”体现了牛作为神灵及祭神的牺牲品，而《丑年生人图例》的画册则体现了牛年生牛人的民间风俗。

2021年是中国农历辛丑年，即民间生肖纪年的牛年。

在牛年来临之际，让我们重新检阅一下汉英词典中一些与牛相关的习语、俗语及其他有趣的表达法，聊作一种新年之乐吧。

本文的语料主要取自陆谷孙教授主编的《中华汉英大词典》，均为该词典的编纂者自以为迻译尚有特点的与牛有关的表达法，其目的在于与广大读者共享并敦请广大读者质疑与指谬。

1. 牛鼻子 ①ox muzzle ②〈fig 〉key (to sth); crux; crucial point: 抓住市场这个～ focus on the key issue of the market ③〈sarc 〉Daoist priest: ～老道 an old fox or a sly old fellow2. 牛不喝水强按头 〈familiar 〉 (to try to make an ox drink by forcing its head into the water) to try vainly to dictate to others: 他爱咋样就咋样, 干吗～呢? Take him as you find him; why should you force him against his will?3. 牛吃蟹 〈dial 〉 (to let a cow to swallow a crab) ①to act foolishly or recklessly ②〈humble 〉to undertake a difficult task beyond one’s ability or power: 做这个对我来说实在是～ it’s really not within my ability to do it4. 牛刀割鸡 〈idiom 〉 (to kill a chicken with an ox knife) to assign trivial tasks 牛年话说汉英词典中的“牛”文/肖福寿11肖福寿，南京大学博士，哈佛大学访问学者，现为上海大学教授、博士生导师，上海大学英文写作中心主任，主要从事英语词块学、英语写作学以及词典编纂研究。

Lesson 2 Chinese Cheongsam中国旗袍The cheongsam, or Qipao in Chinese, is developed from a kind of ancient clothing of Manchu ethnic minority. In ancient times, it generally referred to long gowns worn by the people of Manchuria, Mongolia and the Eight-Banner.In the early years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), long gowns featured collarless, narrow cuff in the shape of a horse's hoof, buttons down the left front, four slits and afitting waist. Wearers usually coiled up their cuff, and put it down when hunting orbattling to cover the back of hand. In winter, the cuff could serve to prevent cold. Thegown had four slits, with one on the left, right, front and back, which reached the knees. It was fitted to the body and rather warm. Fastened with a waistband, the long gown couldhold solid food and utensils when people went out hunting. Men's long gowns weremostly blue, gray or green; and women's, white.Another feature of Manchu cheongsam was that people generally wore it plus awaistcoat that was either with buttons down the front, a twisted front, or a front in theshape of lute, etc.When the early Manchu rulers came to China, they moved their capital to Beijing andcheongsam began to spread in the Central Plains. The Qing Dynasty unified China, and unified the nationwide costume as well. At that time, men wore a long gown and a mandarin jacket over the gown, while women wore cheongsam. Although the 1911 Revolution turned over the rule of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty, the female dress survived the political change and, with succeeding improvements, has become the traditional dress for Chinese women.Till the 1930s, Manchu people, no matter male or female, all wore loose-fitting and straight-bottomed broad-sleeved long gowns with a wide front. The lower hem ofwomen's cheongsam reached the calves withembroidered flower patterns on it, while that of men'scheongsam reached the ankles and had no decorativepatterns.From the 1930s, cheongsam almost became the uniform for women. Folk women, students, workers and highest-tone women all dressed themselves in cheongsam, which even became a formal suit for occasions of social intercourses or diplomatic activities. Later, cheongsam even spread to foreign countries and became the favorite of foreign females.After the 1940s, influenced by new fashion home and abroad, Manchu men's cheongsam was dying out, while women's cheongsam became narrow-sleeved and fitted to the waist and had a relatively loosehip part, and its lower hem reached the ankles. Then there appear various forms of cheongsamswe see today that emphasize color decoration and set off the beauty of the female shape.Why do Han people like to wear the cheongsam? The main reason is that it fits well the female Chinese figure, has simple lines and looks elegant. What's more, it is suitable forwearing in all seasons by old and young.The cheongsam can either be long or short, unlined or interlined, woolen or made of silk floss. Besides, with different materials, the cheongsam presents different styles. Cheongsamsmade of silk with patterns of small flowers, plain lattices or thin lines demonstrate charm of femininity and staidness; those made of brocade are eye-catching and magnificent and suitable for occasions of greeting guests and attending banquets.When Chinese cheongsams were exhibited for sales in countries like Japanand France, they received warm welcome from local women, who did not hesitateto buy Chinese cheongsams. Cheongsam features strong national flavor andembodies beauty of Chinese traditional costume. It not only represents Chinesefemale costume but also becomes a symbol of the oriental traditional costume.（615 words）◆Helper:cheongsam ['tʃi:ɑ:ŋ'sɑ:m]旗袍Manchuria[mænˈtʃuəriə] 满洲（我国东北的旧称）Eight-Banner[ˈbænə]八旗cuff [kʌf]袖口hoof[hu:f] （兽的）蹄，马蹄slit [slit] 狭长切口coil[kɔil]盘绕，卷成一圈utensil[ju:ˈtensl]器具，用具lute [lu:t]古琵琶mandarin['mændərɪn] 中国式服装的hem[hem] （布等的）褶边calf[kɑ:f] 腿肚子embroider [ɪm'brɔɪdə(r)]刺绣；在…上绣花phase out[feiz aut] 逐步淘汰，逐步结束floss [silk flɔs]丝棉lattice [ˈlætɪs]格子框架femininity [ˌfeməˈnɪnəti]女性气质staidness['steɪdnɪs]一本正经，沉着brocade [brəˈkeɪd] 锦缎oriental[ˌɔ:riˈentəl]东方的◆Chinese Brief Introduction:旗袍是从满族古老的服装演变而来的。

YearoftheOx：“牛年”翻译成英语时的“尴尬”和其它各国的传统文化一样，中国也一度普遍认为“男性”处于优势地位，推崇“阳刚之气”。

中文的“英雄”就是一个例子，即使在描述女性时，也会称为“女英雄”，而不是改为“英雌”。

英语中的Hero 也是如此，默认的性别就是男性，描述女性时要改为 Heroine.这种推崇“阳刚之气”的心态，今天仍然存在。

翻译生肖动物时，一些人都倾向于使用雄性版本，例如把“鸡年”称为Year of the Rooster，而不是使用中性的 Chicken.但就“牛年”的翻译来说，这种崇尚“阳刚之气”的心态，就难免会遇到一些尴尬了。

英语中的各种“牛”中文的“牛”，在英语中有很多种说法，含义各不相同，最常用的是Cow，既指母牛，也指人类养殖用来产出肉或奶的所有性别的牛。

此外还有 Cattle，是“牛的集合名词”。

和 Sheep 一样，Cattle 这个词语本身就是Plural 复数形式，在描述单数时要加上量词，说成20 heads of cattle，二十头牛。

从生长发育阶段来说，未成年的牛会称为“Calf小牛”，还没有生育过的青少年母牛则称为 Heifer.3 种“公牛”英语中还有几个词语，用来表示各种雄性的牛，也就是“公牛”。

大家最熟悉的应该是Bull；股市的牛市、以及美国篮球联赛中的公牛队，都是使用 Bull 这个词语。

除了 Bull，“公牛”还可以称为 Ox、指用来耕地拉车的公牛，以及 Steer、指用来养殖食肉的公牛。

这两种“公牛”的特点是，都经过了 Castration 去势手术，失去了雄性器官。

“公牛”的比喻含义在农业社会中，“牛”是人类养殖的经济价值最高的牲畜，被视为重要的财产。

同时，在各种家畜中，牛的体型最大，如果性情暴躁无法控制，很容易对人身和财物构成伤害。

因此，大多数的公牛，不论是用于劳作、还是用于食肉，都要经历Castration，才能保证性格的温顺，否则很容易对人类构成危险。