人教版八年级英语上册1-5单元知识点(词汇+句型+固定搭配)
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Unit 1 How often do you exercise?词汇:1. how often: 多久一次7. health: 健康,12. on weekends: 在周末how many: 多少+可数名词healthy:健康的13. once a week:一周一次2. always(100%)- 总是unhealthy: 不健康,twice a week:一周两次usually(80%) –通常keep/stay healthy three times a month: 一月三次often(60%)- 经常= keep/stay in good health: 保持健康14. most: 大部分的,绝大多数的sometimes(40%)- 有时候8. get good grades: 取得好成绩all: 所有的hardly ever(20%)- 几乎不9. the same as: 与…不同15. be good for: 对…有益never(0%) 从不10. a lot of = lots of: 大量,许多+ 可数/不可数名词be bad for: 对…有坏处3. surf the internet: 上网 a lot = very much: 十分,非常,很16. how many: 多少, +可数名词4. as for: 至于,关于11. maybe: 也许,大概how much: 多少,+不可数名词5. junk food: 垃圾食品may be: 也许是,或许是(may是情态动词,be是动词原形)how much 多少钱,(问价格)6. look after = take care of:照顾12. little: 小的,a little boy: 一个小男孩17. of course = sure 当然look for: 寻找little: 少,little少→less更少→least最少(修饰不可数名词)look up: 查找(单词、信息)little: 几乎没有,否定词(修饰不可数名词)look at: 看 a little: 少许,有一点,肯定词(修饰不可数名词)few: 几乎没有,否定词(修饰可数名词)a few少许,有一点,肯定词(修饰可数名词)句型:1.How often do you exercise? →I exercise three times a week. How often does she shop? →She shops once a month.2.What do you usually do on weekends? →I usually watch TV. How often does she watch TV? →She watches TV everyday.3.How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡几个小时?→I sleep nine hours every night.How many books do you have? 你有多少本书?→I have 5 books.How much is the sweater? 这件毛衣多少钱?How much water do you have? 你有多少水?(how much: 多少,后面+不可数名词, water是不可数名词)4.What’s your favorite program? 你最喜欢的电视节目是什么?→It’s Animal World.固定搭配:try to do sth.: 尽力做某事,设法做某事try doing sth.: 试着做、尝试做某事help sb. (to) do sth: 帮助某人做某事(to可以省略)want sb. to do sth.: 想要某人做某事Unit 2 What’s the matter?词汇:1. have a cold 感冒9. few: 几乎没有,否定词(修饰可数名词)have a fever 发烧 a few少许,有一点,肯定词(修饰不可数名词)have a stomachache 肚子痛little: 几乎没有,否定词(修饰不可数名词)have a headache 头疼 a little: 少许,有一点,肯定词(修饰不可数名词)have a toothache 牙齿疼10. at the moment = now 现在,此刻have a sore throat 喉咙疼11. host family 寄宿家庭have a sore back 背部酸疼12. not…until…直到……时候才……2. lie down and have a good rest 躺下好好休息13. should 应该,情态动词,后+动词原形3. hot tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的热茶should not=shouldn’t4. ill 病了的illness 疾病14. see a doctor 看医生5. advice 建议(不可数名词)see a dentist 看牙医some advice(不能加”s”) 15. too many太多…,修饰可数名词too many students6. be stressed out 有压力的,紧张的too much太多…,修饰不可数名词too much yin7. balance 平衡balanced 平衡的much too 太……,much too big 太大a balanced diet 平衡的饮食16. stay=keep 保持on a diet 节食keep/stay healthy8. get 变得= keep/stay in good health: 保持健康get angry 变得生气get tired 变得劳累句型:1. What’s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?→I have a cold/ have a toothache/ have a sore throat….2. Wha t’s the matter? →She has a cold.3. Does he have a cold? →Yes, he does.4. A: What’s the matter?B: I’m not feeling well.(此处不能用good) I have a cold.A: When did it start?B: About two days ago.A: That’s too bad. You should drink lots of water.B: Yes, I think so.A: I hope you feel / get better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来5. A: I have a coldB: I am sorry to hear that. (当听到对方不好的消息时使用此句)固定搭配:It is + 形容词+ (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是………的例句:It is easy for me to learn (learn) English. 对我来说学英语是容易的It is interesting to watch (watch) Animal World. 看动物世界时有趣的Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?→→→本单元用现在进行时态表示将来的事情现在进行时态,即be + doing:词汇:1. go camping 去野营 6. a lot = very much 十分、非常、很2. A: What are you doing for vacation? go fishing 去钓鱼 a lot of = lots of 许多、大量B: I am going camping.go shopping 去购物7. away 向远处、离开A: That sounds nice.go swimming 去游泳go away 离开Who are you going with?go hiking 去远足B: I am going with my parents.go bike riding 去骑单车8. stay: 留、停留、呆go sightseeing 去观光旅游 3. Linda is going to Tibet next summer. (划线提问)2. how long 多久、多长时间句型:→Where is Linda going next summer?3. get back 回来get back to school 1. What are you doing for vacation?4. He’s going on the 12th. (划线提问)4. be famous for…以……而闻名→I am visiting my grandparents. →When is he going?5. leave for…离开去……地方What is your brother doing for vacation?leave →(过去式) left →He is going camping. 5. I’m staying there for a week. (划线提问)left: 左边、离开→How long are you staying?6.当听到对方提出的建议,如:What about playing basketball? How about taking a walk with me? Why not go to the movie? 为什么不去看电影?I am going camping.等句子时,回答可用以下句型:That sounds nice/ good/ interesting/. That’s a good idea. / Good idea. That sounds like a good idea./ Great等.7.当听到对方要去旅行或是准备出行时,如:I am going to Hongkong for a week. I am going hiking in the mountains.时,回答一般用以下句型:Have a good time!8.询问天气:How is the weather? 或是What’s the weather like?9.询问某人的职业:What do you do? What are you? What’s your job? 你的工作是什么?What does your mother do? What is he? 他是干什么的?10.询问某人的性格:What are you like? →I am outgoing/ shy/ quiet.What is he like? 他是个什么样的人?→He is outgoing/ shy/ quiet. 他很外向/害羞/安静10. 询问某人长的什么样子:What does he look like? 他长的什么样子?→He is of medium build/height. 他中等身材/身高.What does your father look like? →He is tall. 他很高11. 询问某人喜欢什么:What do you like? 你喜欢什么?→I like basketball. 我喜欢篮球固定搭配:1.finish doing sth 完成做某件事例:I finished doing my homework. 我完成了我的家庭作业Unit 1-3 单元课本语法知识& 在讲解畅优新课堂时补充的语法知识点与固定搭配:1.情态动词后+动词原形(do)已学情态动词:can 能够, must 必须, should 应该, may 也许. would 想,会help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事2. 介词后若接动词,则接动词的ing形式:常见的:what about + doing sth? 做………怎么样?常接doing的固定搭配:1. like doing sth 喜欢做某事2. enjoy doing sth 享受做某事3. have a good/ have fun in doing sth 做某事玩的很开心4. finish doing sth 完成做某件事5. spend +(时间、金钱、精力) doing sth 花时间、金钱、精力做某事= spend +(时间、金钱、精力) on sth3. 不定式,即:to do常接不定式的固定搭配:want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事would like to do sth 想做某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事plan to do sth 计划做某事decide to do sth 决定做某事need to do sth 需要做某事forget to do sth 忘记做某事try to do sth 尽力做某事4. 不定代词+ 形容词结构例:something interesting 一些有趣的事情Unit 4 How do you get to school?词汇:1. get to: 到达arrive at: 到达+ 小地点(学校、医院…)arrive in: 到达+ 大地点(城市、国家、地区…)reach: 到达2. take the bus = by bus:坐公交车8. how long: 多久,how far:多远13. take…to…把…带到…3. take the train = by train:坐火车9. from…to…从…到…14. from: 离…的距离4. take the subway = by subway:坐地铁10. think of: 认为think about: 考虑15. not all: 不是所有5. ride one’s bike = by bike:骑单车11. around the world = all over the world: 全世界6. walk = on foot:走路12. be different from: 与…不同16. more…than…:比…更…,than: 比7. depend on: 视……而定,决定于……,依靠……17.other 其他的,形容词18. than 比others 其他的人或其他的事19. more…than…比……更……,形容词比较级的用法the other 两者中的另一个,单数概念the others 两部分中的另一部分,复数概念another 另外一个,另外的,第三个的句型:1. How do you get to school? →I take the bus. / I go to school by bus.How does she get to school? →She takes the bus. / She goes to school by bus.2. How long does it take?→It takes about/around 10 minutes. →It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. How long does it take you to get from home to school? →It takes 25 minutes.3. How far is it from your home to school? →It’s 3 miles./10 kilometers.4. What do you think of………? = how do you like……? 你认为……怎么样?5. How far do you live from school?你住的离学校有多远→I live 10 miles from school.6. Can I help you? May I help you? →Yes, please.固定搭配:1.It takes sb. + 时间+ to do sth. 例句:It takes me 20 minutes to walk (walk)2.need to do sth. 需要做某事3.more…than…比……更……,形容词比较级的用法4 形容词的比较级&最高级:规则变化:比较级:形容词尾+“er”,最高级:+“est ”,例:big →bigger →the biggest不规则变化:三个音节及以上的形容词(比较长的形容词),比较级:前面+ more, 最高级:前面+most,例:popular 流行的→more popular更流行的→the most popular 最流行的最高级前面+“the”例:This classroom is bigger than that one. 这件教室比那间大This classroom is the biggest. 这间教室是最大的Unit 5 Can you come to my party?词汇:1. other 其他的The other 另一个(两个中的另一个) 9. have to 不得不,要…The others 另一部分(两部分中的另一部分)10. babysit= look after = take care of = care for 关心,照顾Another 另外的,另一个(三个以上中的另一个)2. the day before yesterday 前天句型:yesterday 昨天 1. Can you come to my party?today 今天Yes, I’d love to.(肯定回答)tomorrow 明天I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to……(否定回答)the day after tomorrow 后天 2. What’s today? 今天星期几,几号?(星期、日期都可以问) 3. on weekends 在周末It’s Monday the 14th. 今天14号星期一。