公共管理学(英文)

第一章1、There has been a transformation in the management of the public sectors of advanced countries. 发达国家公共部门的管理经历了一场转变。

2、This new paradigm poses a direct challenge to several of what had previously been regarded as fundamental principles of traditional public administration.这种新的典范对曾被认为是公共行政的一些基本的、几乎是永恒的原理提出了直接的挑战。

3、All these points will be discussed at greater length later,but the main point is there has been total change in a profession that saw little change for around a hundred years.虽然上述一切都值得深入探讨，这里强调的主要一点是，在100年来很少发生变化的公共部门职业领域，如今已经发生了全面的变革。

4、There is some debate over whether or not public management,particularly the new public management,is a new paradigm for public sector management.这里有一些争论，关于是否公共管理,特别是新公共管理是公共部门管理的新典范。

5、Some argue that paradigm is large hurdle to jump,requiring agreement among all a discipline's practitioners -- a more or less permanent way of looking at the world.一些人认为典范是巨大的障碍,需要协议在所有学科的实践者——或多或少永久看待世界的方式。

6、The basic paradigm for public sector management are those following from Ostrom's argument that there are two opposing forms of organization:bureaucracy and markets.公共部门管理的基本模式是遵循从奥斯特罗姆的论点,有两种对立的组织形式:官僚主义和市场。

7、The public management paradigm has the very different underlying theoretical bases of economics and private management.公共管理范式有非常不同的经济和私人管理的基础理论依据。

第二章1、What is here called the traditional model of public administration was once a major reform movement.这里所指的传统的公共行政模式在从前曾是一场重要的改革运动。

2、The traditional model of public administration remains the longest standing and most successful theory of management in the public sector,but is now being replace.传统的公共行政模式目前仍是公共部门中持续时间最长并且最成功的管理理论，但是它正在被逐渐取而代之。

3、Public administration has a long history,one paralleling the very notion of government.公共行政有一个漫长的历史，它与政府的概念和文明的兴起同步发展。

4、Administrative systems existed in ancient Egypt to administer irrigation from the annual flood of the Nile and to bulid the pyramids.公认的行政系统出现在古埃及，主要是为了治理尼罗河每年度的洪水、管理灌溉和建造金字塔5、In Europe the various Empires - Greek, Roman,Holy Roman,Spanish and so on - were,above all,administrative empires,controlled from the centre by rules and procedures.在欧洲，各个帝国——希腊、罗马、神圣罗马、西班牙等等——首先是“行政的”帝国，由中央根据规则和程序实行控制。

6、In the United States for most of the nineteenth century,there existed what was termed the spoils systems of administration,derived from the saying,'to the victor belong the spoils'.在18世纪的大部分时期内，美国存在着行政上的“政党分赃制”，它来自于这样一种言论：“战利品属于胜利者”。

7、In other words,there is no specific expertise involved in public administration nor is there anyreason that the administration of government should persist when its political complexion changes.换句话说，既没有要求与公共行政相关的特殊技能，也没有任何理由表明，当政局变化时，政府的行政部门可以保持不变。

8、Eventually,the inherent problems of earlier forms of administration led to changes in the latter part of the nineteenth century and to the reforms associated with the traditional model of administration.早期行政形式的内在问题最终引起19世纪末发生的变化，产生了与传统的行政模式有关的变革。

第三章1、A particular theoretical criticism put forward by Pollitt is that managerialism represents a revival of the scientific management ideas of Frederick Taylor discussed earlier.波利特所进行的理论批评中有一点较为独特，他认为管理主义代表了弗雷德里克•泰勒的科学管理思想的回归，我们在前面的章节中已探讨这一理论。

2、In this comment Pollitt sees managerialism as the direct descendant of Taylor's scientific management,which,in his view,is contrary to the wisdoms of the human relations school.在这段评论中，波利特认为，管理主义是泰勒的科学管理思想的直接继承者，而后者在他看来，则是与人际关系学派的至理名言完全相抵触。

3、Managerialists do propose to measure performance and may have imitated the private sector in taking a more hard-nosed approach to the social-psychological side of organizational behaviour.管理主义的确主张对组织绩效进行测量，而且在其不懈地采用社会心理学的组织行为学方法方面，管理主义或许就是在效仿私营部门。

4、As discussed earlier,Taylor did believe in picking people for particular jobs,rewarding them according to performance and measuring what they did.如上所述，泰勒的确是因事设人，对员工的工作进行测量并根据其工作绩效支付报酬。

5、Taylor' system was perfectly attuned to a formalized bureaucracy and this was why it was adopted so enthusiastically by public services in the early part of the century.泰勒体质与正规的官僚制非常吻合，这也正是20世纪初公共服务领域会广泛而大量地采用其做法的原因所在。

第四章1、What government should or should not do needs to be of fundamental concern to public managers. 公共管理者所关注的基本问题是政府应该做什么和不应该做什么。

2、All government activities require organization and staff-the public or civil service.所有的政府活动,要求组织和人员——公众或公务员。

3、Since the mid - 1970s,most OECD nations have undertaken a reassessment of the role of their public sectors.自70年代中期以来，大多数经济合作与发展组织的成员国开始对它们在公共部门的角色进行重新衡量。