人教高中英语选修七学案讲义：Unit1 Living well-语法篇(学生)
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第2讲Living well 语法篇__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________1.熟练掌握动词不定式的形势与用法；2.能够熟练运用动词不定式各种形式。
一. 动词不定式的形式e.g. He appears to be very happy.T o catch the train, we’d better hurry to the station by taxi.It happened to be raining when we got there.I’m sorry to have lost your key.He is said to have studied abroad.These books are to be given out to the students.This novel has been translated into many languages.二. 动词不定式的用法1.作主语e.g. To know oneself is difficult.在很多情况下，我们通常用it作形式主语：e.g. It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking efforts.2.作表语e.g. His wish is to become an astronaut.3.作宾语e.g. Father likes to listen to music in silence.He had no choice but to sit there as usual.John was happy to be given the job.She is hard to get along with.在feel, find, think, consider,make等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语e.g. I found it impossible to work out the problem without a computer.可接不定时作宾语的动词有：aim appear agree arrange ask decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn mean manageoffer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish refuse attempt continue4.作宾语补足语e.g. I heard them sing yesterday.She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.注意：hope, demand, suggest后不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
5.作定语e.g. The next train to arrive was from New York.On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.6.作状语e.g. I’m saving up to buy a computer.He got to the station only to find the train had gone.不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。
1) so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？2) such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。
3) enough… to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。
4) only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。
5) too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。
注意: too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。
The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。
He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
三. 不定式的几种常见结构1.不定式的复合结构e.g. This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.2.疑问词+不定式结构e.g. I don’t know whether to go to the meeting or not.3.with/without+名词+不定式结构e.g. With so much work to do, I’m not able to go to the cinema.4.用作独立成分的不定式e.g. To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said.可做插入语的还有：to tell you the truth 说老实话to be frank 坦率地说to begin with 首先to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说to say nothing of 姑且不说to be sure 诚然，固然to do him justice 说句对他公道的话so to speak 可以这么说5.用主动形式表示被动含义e.g. Do you have anything to say on this question?The book is difficult to understand.There is nothing to worry about.高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳：be/get/become used to 习惯于be given to 沉溺于be related to 与…有关系be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾be opposed to 反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于get down to 着手做lead to 导致object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意stick to 坚持make contributions to对…作贡献1.（2014湖南卷）ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thoughtand inner quietness.A. Having freedB. FreedC. To freeD. Freeing2.（2014江西）He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.A. to actB. to have actedC. actingD. having acted3.（2014陕西卷）20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.A. Working outB. Worked outC. To work outD. Work out4.（2014四川卷）7. — I hope to take the computer course.— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.A. To find outB. Finding outC. To be finding outD. Having found out5.（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fitA. to findB. foundC. findingD. having found基础演练1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.A. EmployedB. being employedC. to employD. employs2. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. to have bought3. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.A. to be toldB.tellingC. being toldD. told4. Group activities will be organized after class _____ children develop team spirit.A. helpingB. having helpedC. helpedD. to help5. The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at巩固提高1. I stopped the car ________ a short break as I was feeling tired.A.takeB. takingC.to takeD. taken2. ________warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A. StayingB. StayedC. To stayD. Stay3. V olunteering gives you a chance________lives, including your own.A. ChangeB. ChangingC. ChangedD. to change4. The airport________next year will help promote tourism in this area.A. being completedB. to be completedC. completedD. having been completed5. The engine just won't start. Something seems________wrong with it.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone6. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spoken7. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do8. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made9. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operatingB. to be operatingC. operatedD. to operate10. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.A. FindingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found1.It’s important for the figures regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated2. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet3. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched4. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.A. to stayB. stayingC. stayedD. stay5. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.A. to be toldB. tellingC. being toldD. told6. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better silent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remainedD. to remain7. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. LockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked8. Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried9. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.A. to workB. to be workingC. to have workedD. to have been working10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A. heldB. holdingC. be heldD. to hold11. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.A.breakB. breakingC. brokenD. to break12. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheeredD. were cheered13. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep14. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety.A.to raiseB.raisingC.to have raisedD. having raised15. The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed_________________________________________________________________________________。
