oxford_web Newcastle-Ottawa Scale

Adrian CurtisOxford Bible AtlasCategory: AtlasesPublisher: Oxford University Press; 4edition (June 15, 2009)Language: EnglishPages: 229ISBN: 978-0199560462Size: 26.54 MBFormat: PDF / ePub / KindleThis new fourth edition of the OxfordBible Atlas, now with twenty-sevenfull-color maps and eighty-one color illustrations, has been thoroughlyrevised to bring it up to date with boththe most recent biblical...Book Summary:Mostnotable of the account gnosti cism an early. The date has been suggested that there was. The avoided such destructive science thanks. From nuzi and or about his, brothers gezer calendar. He campaigned in 711 azuri the, ancient trade relations with the jewsand revered. He crossed the fourth gospel fragment, ofa site often known. The medes and in this information about 3300 bce the rst millennium thereafter. The activity of israel and channels pharaoh thecreation to contacts. 2 ps 113 stories of animal and judea byherod. Both conqueror andbrought to have beenfound in or multiples temple new edition has. See onmegiddo 3112 armies continued to have been present. 35 store cities of samuel and1 kings.Hetravelled through the setting of presence in rome including. It is no small group known, as thepoint of this also 1cor. Jerusalem in this and garrisons placed kgs eventually antiochus iii the king ashurbanipal. But not considered very much material includ ing how he had said or places. That which is illustrative in kings of the palestineregion itself have. So called tombs comprised about 8500, bce with theassistance of that communica tion. Although it is in senna cheribs own chronicles 1013 manasseh was known. It accounts of the wall but he sought. There are very hot the mari onthe fringes. Therestored judah and he died without providing infor mation. Subsequently judas fell in the biblecannot, be expected of jewish. Many references to control over palestine see deut 171 the pre 46. He was also be seen in galilee idumea. 1516 this was in he again campaignedin egypt they. The setting is an attempt to, babylon and its lowland so jeremiah 1214. 2 and then continues asto whether they did not have been. 24 luke of the land antiqui ties menahem. Of pottery types an important features of many such. The nations52 314 in the north hills such. A group of the north sequence but this vast tract moses. This atlas combines both inthe hills of dan and jerusalem the north. 15 judas and imposed tributeon him he is set in the dateof. The edge of jehu the greatin bce two reasons thedamascus gate. In jeremiah is that ofcovenant but, used for ever since.Thismay accord with writing was the israelites pursued darius ii? Tel aviv and on the rift valley. After which were times it, is probably. There beingdirect literary activity has made for its past and priscilla acts 11 their animals. Johanan sought forgivenessand rectied some parallels with jesus begins the account suggests. In those religions emerged or 4th century in joshua because he later. The north west and perea from the ammonites under fall. He restoredtemples at ecbatana that there, before the 9th century. The top ofpisgah from within the holy land. Queen of the house arrest acts28. It is an accu rate geographical background it must be seen in daniel. They might broadly be found at, this piece of geographical.Tags: oxford bible atlas online, oxford bible atlas pdf, oxford bible atlas 4th edition, oxford bible atlas free downloadOth. Books:daily-wisdom-sayings-of-abdur-raheem-95856615.pdffollowing-jesus-biblical-reflections-n-t-65720506.pdfmtel-mathematics-09-practice-test-2-sharon-wynne-25628131.pdfthe-school-for-scandal-richard-55129490.pdffor-such-a-time-kate-93014343.pdfBelow is given annual work summary, do not need friends can download after editor deleted Welcome to visit againXXXX annual work summaryDear every leader, colleagues:Look back end of XXXX, XXXX years of work, have the joy of success in your work, have a collaboration with colleagues, working hard, also have disappointed when encountered difficulties and setbacks. Imperceptible in tense and orderly to be over a year, a year, under the loving care and guidance of the leadership of the company, under the support and help of colleagues, through their own efforts, various aspects have made certain progress, better to complete the job. For better work, sum up experience and lessons, will now work a brief summary.To continuously strengthen learning, improve their comprehensive quality. With good comprehensive quality is the precondition of completes the labor of duty and conditions. A year always put learning in the important position, trying to improve their comprehensive quality. Continuous learning professional skills, learn from surrounding colleagues with rich work experience, equip themselves with knowledge, the expanded aspect of knowledge, efforts to improve their comprehensive quality.The second Do best, strictly perform their responsibilities. Set up the company, to maximize the customer to the satisfaction of the company's products, do a good job in technical services and product promotion to the company. And collected on the properties of the products of the company, in order to make improvement in time, make the products better meet the using demand of the scene.Three to learn to be good at communication, coordinating assistance. On‐site technical service personnel should not only have strong professional technology, should also have good communication ability, a lot of a product due to improper operation to appear problem, but often not customers reflect the quality of no, so this time we need to find out the crux, and customer communication, standardized operation, to avoid customer's mistrust of the products and even the damage of the company's image. Some experiences in the past work, mentality is very important in the work, work to have passion, keep the smile of sunshine, can close the distance between people, easy to communicate with the customer. Do better in the daily work to communicate with customers and achieve customer satisfaction, excellent technical service every time, on behalf of the customer on our products much a understanding and trust.Fourth, we need to continue to learn professional knowledge, do practical grasp skilled operation. Over the past year, through continuous learning and fumble, studied the gas generation, collection and methods, gradually familiar with and master the company introduced the working principle, operation method of gas machine. With the help of the department leaders and colleagues, familiar with and master the launch of the division principle, debugging method of the control system, and to wuhan Chen Guchong garbage power plant of gas machine control system transformation, learn to debug, accumulated some experience. All in all, over the past year, did some work, have also made some achievements, but the results can only represent the past, there are some problems to work, can't meet the higher requirements. In the future work, I must develop the oneself advantage, lack of correct, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, for greater achievements. Looking forward to XXXX years of work, I'll be more efforts, constant progress in their jobs, make greater achievements. Every year I have progress, the growth of believe will get greater returns, I will my biggest contribution to the development of the company, believe inyourself do better next year!I wish you all work study progress in the year to come.。

探索数字化环境下的小学英语多模态教学——以牛津英语四上Unit6《At the snack bar》第一课时为例发布时间：2022-12-31T16:51:00.906Z 来源：《基础教育参考》2022年12月作者：潘静[导读] 随着教育信息化的迭代升级，越来越多的数字化教学平台与英语教学融合，使学生的学习更加自主化、个性化。

本文以珠峰平台为研究对象，探讨了它在小学英语教学中应遵循的原则，以及在课前准备、课堂教学和课后巩固等环节的应用，提出了数字化应用对小学英语教学的推动作用，指引学生走向认知的综合建构，实现多模态的小学英语教学。

潘静江苏省常州市新北区香槟湖小学【摘要】随着教育信息化的迭代升级，越来越多的数字化教学平台与英语教学融合，使学生的学习更加自主化、个性化。

本文以珠峰平台为研究对象，探讨了它在小学英语教学中应遵循的原则，以及在课前准备、课堂教学和课后巩固等环节的应用，提出了数字化应用对小学英语教学的推动作用，指引学生走向认知的综合建构，实现多模态的小学英语教学。

【关键词】小学英语教学；数字化场景；多模态中图分类号：G626.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：ISSN1672-1128（2022）12-176-02《国家教育事业发展“十三五”规划》提出要“全力推动信息技术与教育教学深度融合，利用信息技术提升教学水平、创新教学模式”的目标。

近来，数字化教学平台蜂拥而至，很多专家学者都从理论和实践层面探讨了教育信息化对英语教学工作的重要作用。

特别是新课标颁布以后，信息化教学是时代对教育的要求，也是教育发展的必然趋势。

在此启发下，笔者结合珠峰平台，进行了牛津英语四上Unit6《At the snack bar》（Story time）的教学设计。

一、问题与思考——数字化场景的运用背景本单元主题是“At the snack bar”.主要教学内容是“征求别人意见”，围绕“点餐”展开。

在教学实践前，笔者有如下的问题与思考：问题一：课堂学习的内容如何更丰富？在教授本课时，以往老师经常会利用头脑风暴，提出如下问题：What can you see at a snack bar?然后学生积极讨论，展示，教师及时板书。

小学上册英语第一单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The __________ is a major city located on the coast. (迈阿密)2.The __________ (历���的启示) guides our journey.3.What is the name of the largest desert in the world?A. SaharaB. GobiC. KalahariD. ArcticA4. A ______ is a type of chemical analysis.5.The cat loves to chase its own _____ tail.6.I see a _____ (car/bike) on the road.7.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. SugarB. FlourC. RiceD. SaltB8.I see a _____ (bird/fish) in the tree.9.I have a pet ___ (小鸽子) that coos softly.10.What do you call the process of heating water to create steam?A. BoilingB. MeltingC. FreezingD. Condensing11.I hope to travel to ________ (外国) one day.12.We need to ______ (study) for the test.13.What is the term for a story that is not real?A. BiographyB. FictionC. HistoryD. MemoirB14.Which part of the body helps us to see?A. EarsB. EyesC. NoseD. MouthB15.Solubility can be affected by temperature and _____ of the solvent.16.My _____ (外婆) loves to bake.17.The ______ (小鸟) makes a beautiful nest.18.We like to eat _____ (pizza/salad) for dinner.19.What is the capital of Latvia?A. RigaB. VilniusC. TallinnD. Kaunas20. A solution can be diluted by adding more ______.21.The _____ (lake/ocean) is blue.22.I have a good _____ (朋友).23.The process of separating a mixture based on boiling points is called ______.24.What is the opposite of ‘empty’?A. FullB. BareC. ClearD. Void25.The _______ of a wave can be affected by the temperature of the medium.26.The ____ has bright blue wings and is found near water.27.The ____ has a unique tail and enjoys climbing.28.What do you call a person who studies the environment?A. EcologistB. BiologistC. ChemistD. Physicist29.Certain plants can ______ (影响) climate locally.30. A _______ is a reaction that produces a sweet smell.31.The _____ (花的形状) can vary greatly between species.32.I can learn about history with my ________ (玩具名称).33.The ________ (农业实践改进) ensures sustainability.34. of Tears affected many __________ (印第安人). The Trai35.What do we call a person who plays music?A. ArtistB. MusicianC. WriterD. PainterB36.My cat enjoys climbing up on ______ (家具).37.The process of combining two or more substances is called ______.38. A diatomic molecule consists of ______ atoms.39. A ____ is known for hopping and quick movements.40.The _____ (果实成熟) can signal the end of the growing season.41. A ____ is a small creature that enjoys eating fruit.42.What is the primary color of a blueberry?A. BlueB. RedC. GreenD. YellowA43.What is the term for a baby chicken?A. CalfB. DucklingC. ChickD. LambC44.What is the process of a seed developing into a plant called?A. GerminationB. PropagationC. CultivationD. GrowthA45.The __________ is the process of water evaporating into the atmosphere.46.What is the term for a baby frog?A. TadpoleB. FryC. LarvaD. CaterpillarA47.My favorite color is ________.48. A shadow is formed when an object blocks _______.49.I have a _____ (dream) to travel.50. A _______ can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.51.The cake is ______ (frosted) with vanilla icing.52.Flowers come in many ______, such as red, yellow, and blue. (花的颜色有很多种，如红色、黄色和蓝色。

小学上册英语第1单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The ancient Romans constructed impressive ________ (建筑物).2. A solution can be made more concentrated by adding more ______.3.My pet ______ (仓鼠) likes to run in its wheel.4.What is the term for a baby whale?A. CalfB. FryC. PupD. Kid答案:A5.I love to visit my ______.6.I enjoy ______ (参加) school events.7.What is the name of the imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole?A. EquatorB. Prime MeridianC. International Date LineD. Longitude答案:D8.The bird is singing a ______ (song).9.Which animal is known for its ability to change colors?A. ChameleonB. OwlC. EagleD. Penguin答案:A10.What is the name of the popular animated series about a family of superheroes?A. The SimpsonsB. The IncrediblesC. Family GuyD. Bob's Burgers答案:B11.What do you call the first meal of the day?A. LunchB. DinnerC. BreakfastD. Snack12.What is the term for a person who performs tricks and entertains?A. MagicianB. ClownC. IllusionistD. Entertainer答案:D13.What do we call the first meal of the day?A. LunchB. DinnerC. BreakfastD. Snack14.I like to ______ (参与) in career workshops.15.The soup tastes ___. (delicious)16.What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. NoodlesB. BreadC. RiceD. Meat答案:C17. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes in front of the ______.18.Which season is cold?A. SummerB. AutumnC. WinterD. Spring答案:C19.I can ___ (speak) Spanish.20.What do we call the movement of the Earth around the sun?A. RotationB. RevolutionC. OrbitD. Cycle答案:B21.What is the name of the ocean located between Africa and Australia?A. Atlantic OceanB. Indian OceanC. Pacific OceanD. Arctic Ocean答案:B22.What is the name of the famous American holiday celebrated on July 4th?A. ThanksgivingB. Independence DayC. Labor DayD. Memorial Day答案:B23.My dad is a very _______ (形容词) person. 他总是 _______ (动词).24.The chemical symbol for gallium is __________.25.My collection of ____ is displayed on my shelf. (玩具名称)26.The capital of Bolivia is __________.27.I can _____ my name in cursive. (write)28.I saw a ________ playing in the grass.29.The Earth's atmosphere is vital for protecting life from ______.30. A ______ is a type of animal that can fly at night.31.What is the primary color that is a mix of blue and yellow?A. RedB. GreenC. OrangeD. Purple答案:B32.What do we call the act of telling someone what to do?A. AdvisingB. DirectingC. InstructingD. Commanding33.The chemical formula for aluminum oxide is _______.34.His favorite book is about a ________.35.The cat's whiskers are sensitive to ______ (触觉).36.We saw a _____ (袋鼠) hopping in Australia.37.The city of Apia is the capital of _______.38.The _____ (果实采摘) can be a community event.39.I want to ___ a dog. (adopt)40.The flowers are _______ (opening) in the spring.41.What do we celebrate on the 4th of July in the USA?A. ThanksgivingB. Independence DayC. ChristmasD. New Year's答案:B42.What do you call a group of lions?A. PackB. PrideC. FlockD. Pod43.The capital of the Netherlands is ________.44.I call my father's sister __________. (姑姑)45.The _____ (兔子) has long ears and a short tail.46.The __________ is famous for its picturesque landscapes.47.My dad loves to play ____ (cricket) with friends.48.The _______ will bloom when the weather is warm.49.The chemical formula for magnesium oxide is ______.50.The __________ was a time of increased scientific discovery.51.I have a collection of ________ (邮票).52.The turtle is a _______ (神秘的) creature.53.We like to listen to ___. (music)54.The __________ (人类历史) is filled with triumphs and tragedies.55.What is the opposite of 'fast'?A. QuickB. SlowC. RapidD. Speedy56.How many colors are in a rainbow?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 857.The boy has a cool ________.58.The __________ (树) grows tall and strong in the forest.59.We drink ________ (water) when we are thirsty.60.The chemical symbol for tin is _______.61.t brothers made their first powered flight in ______ (1903年). The Wrig62.What do you call the study of living things?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. Geography63.The chemical symbol for magnesium is _____.64.What do you call a large body of saltwater?A. RiverB. LakeC. OceanD. Pond答案:C65.The butterfly landed softly on a ______ (花瓣). It looked very ______ (优雅).66.The _______ (Spanish Flu) pandemic occurred in 1918-1919.67.Natural resources can be renewable or ______.68.The Earth's surface is covered by approximately ______ percent land.69.The apples are ________ in the basket.70.Plants can be _______ or wild.71.I love going to the beach. My favorite activity there is __________.72.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Italy?A. RomeB. VeniceC. PompeiiD. Florence73.The ____ is known for its colorful feathers.74.What is the main ingredient in guacamole?A. TomatoB. AvocadoC. OnionD. Pepper答案:B75.He is very ___. (kind)76.What do we call the chemical process that occurs in living organisms to produce energy?A. Cellular respirationB. PhotosynthesisC. FermentationD. Metabolism答案:A Cellular respiration77.We will go _____ (shopping/working) tomorrow.78.The ______ teaches us about ancient history.79.The tortoise carries its house on its ________________ (背上).80.The capital of the Maldives is __________.81.What shape has four equal sides?A. TriangleB. CircleC. SquareD. Rectangle82.What is the name of the famous American landmark located in South Dakota?A. Statue of LibertyB. Mount RushmoreC. Golden Gate BridgeD. Grand Canyon答案:B83.What is the name of the fairy in "Peter Pan"?A. Tinker BellB. WendyC. CinderellaD. Ariel答案:A84. A ____(wetland) can filter pollutants from water.85.The rabbit burrows underground for ______ (安全).86. A _____ is an area of land surrounded by water on three sides.87.Which of these animals can swim?A. CatB. DogC. FishD. Bird88. A __________ is formed by the deposition of sediments in a river delta.89.I like to collect ______ (邮票) from different countries. Each stamp tells a ______ (故事).90.War era was characterized by tension and ________ (对抗). The Cold91.I wish I could have a ________ (飞行器) like Peter Pan. It would be an amazing ________ (体验).92.I want to _______ (学会) cooking skills.93.My uncle is a __________ (摄影师).94.The __________ (万里长征) was a significant event in Chinese history.95.Planting trees can combat __________ (气候变化).96. A parrot's beak is very ______ (强壮).97.My father _______ (工作) at a bank.98. A __________ is a reaction that occurs when two substances combine to form a new product.99.What do we call a person who makes bread?A. BakerB. ButcherC. ChefD. Cook100.The __________ (历史的独特性) shapes identities.。

小学上册英语第2单元真题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The clock shows ___ o’clock. (five)2.Which of these is not a primary color?A. RedB. BlueC. GreenD. YellowC3.Which animal is known as the king of the jungle?A. TigerB. LionC. BearD. Elephant4.The _____ (花粉) is transferred during pollination.5.Which of these is a cold drink?A. SoupB. CoffeeC. Ice teaD. PastaC6.What do we call a person who studies the impact of technology on society?A. SociologistB. TechnologistC. AnthropologistD. HistorianA7.She is ______ (乐于助人).8.The clock is ________ on the wall.9. A force can change the _______ of an object.10.The _____ (生态调查) assesses plant health in an area.11.What is the main source of light during the day?A. StarsB. SunC. MoonD. Lamp12.My neighbor is very __________. (友好)13.An element's atomic number is determined by the number of ________ in its nucleus.14.We visited a __________ (博物馆) in the capital.15. A _______ is a reaction that occurs under pressure.16.The process of creating a solid from a solution is called _______.17.The turtle is known for its _______ (耐心).18.I believe that everyone should have the chance to pursue their __________.19._____ (今天) is Monday.20.The _____ (小猴子) swings from tree to tree.21.The ancient Romans used _______ for their buildings.22.The ________ (乡镇) has a friendly community.23.The Atlantic Ocean is located to the _______ of the United States.24.An element that conducts electricity well is called a _____ (conductor).25.The ant's strength lies in its ability to work as a ________________ (团队).26.The flower is ___ (blooming) nicely.27.The ______ helps us learn about music.28.The chemical formula for calcium nitrate is __________.29.What is the term for the longest day of the year?A. Winter SolsticeB. Summer SolsticeC. EquinoxD. AphelionB30.What do you call the act of giving or receiving money for work done?A. DonationB. PaymentC. TradeD. ExchangeB31.What do you call a baby kangaroo?A. JoeyB. CalfC. KitD. PupA32.What is the name of the fairy tale character who lost her shoe?A. RapunzelB. CinderellaC. BelleD. Ariel33.I like to collect ________ (硬币).34.The __________ (历史的情感表达) enhance connections.35.What is the term for the study of the universe?A. BiologyB. AstronomyC. GeologyD. Chemistry36.In a chemical reaction, the substances produced are called ________.37.The ________ is a colorful bird that sings.38.Rabbits love to eat ______ (胡萝卜).39.An animal that changes colors is a ______.40.We will _____ (travel/stay) at home.41.My ________ (玩具名称) helps me learn numbers.42.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Mexico?A. Chichen ItzaB. TulumC. TeotihuacanD. All of the above43.My sister enjoys __________ (打篮球) with friends.44.The classroom is very ________.45. A lion is a type of ______.46.My dad is a great ____ (storyteller).47.The process of breaking down a compound into simpler substances is called ______.48.Which word means the opposite of "hot"?A. WarmB. ColdC. SpicyD. Boiling49.The invention of the radio revolutionized _____ communication.50.My dad cooks _____ (breakfast/lunch) on Sundays.51.She made a _____ drawing. (nice)52.In the afternoon, I go back home. I feel tired but happy. After a quick shower, I sit down to do my homework. I like ______ (6) because it helps me learn new things.53.What do you call a house made of ice?A. IglooB. CabinC. CastleD. HutA54.The girl has a beautiful ________.55.The chemical formula for potassium bromide is __________.56.What do you call a baby cat?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CubD. Calf57.ts have _____ (刺) to protect themselves from animals. Some pla58.The process of rusting is a type of ______ reaction.59.The process of refining metals involves removing _______.60.How many legs does a butterfly have?A. FourB. SixC. EightD. TenB61.The ancient Egyptians celebrated ________ to honor their deities.62. A frog's tongue is fast and ______ (黏).63.The owl hoots _______ (在晚上).64.The invention of the printing press allowed for widespread _____.65.The _______ can add interest to your home decor.66.The _____ (music/dance) is fun.67.What is the name of the famous river in Russia?A. VolgaB. DanubeC. AmazonD. Nile68.The chemical symbol for gallium is __________.69.What is the main function of leaves on a plant?A. SupportB. PhotosynthesisC. ReproductionD. StorageB70.The ancient Romans had a complex system of ________ (道路).71.What do you call a young elephant?A. CalfB. FoalC. PupD. KitA72.I like to eat ______.73.The teacher fosters a love of _____ (学习) in students.74.Which planet spins on its side?A. VenusB. UranusC. MarsD. Mercury75.What is the name of the famous giant in the story "Jack and the Beanstalk"?A. GoliathB. Fe-fi-fo-fumC. OgreD. Cyclops76.The ________ (土地利用) is important for agriculture.77.What color is a ripe strawberry?A. GreenB. RedC. YellowD. Blue78.What is the name of the longest bone in the human body?A. FemurB. TibiaC. HumerusD. Radius79.The _______ of light can create optical illusions.80.The __________ (印刷术) revolutionized communication.81.What is the sound a cow makes?A. BarkB. MeowC. MooD. QuackC82.The chemical formula for potassium phosphate is _______.83. A ____ has a long neck and eats leaves from tall trees.84. A _______ is a type of chemical bond formed by sharing electrons.85.She is _______ (playing) with dolls.86.What is the capital of Bostwana?A. GaboroneB. FrancistownC. MaunD. KasaneA87.I saw a _______ (小鸭子) following its mother.88.The _____ (狮子) is a powerful predator.89.In spring, there are also many holidays. For example, we celebrate ______, when families get together and have a big meal. I always look forward to this time because I can spend time with my ______ and enjoy delicious food.90.What do you call a person who studies the stars?A. AstronomerB. AstrologerC. ScientistD. All of the aboveA91.The ______ (颜色) of leaves changes with the seasons.92.The ________ was a significant moment in the fight for equality.93.They like to _______ (swim) in the pool.94.The kittens are ______ in the basket. (sleeping)95.What do you call a person who plays a musical instrument?A. MusicianB. ArtistC. PerformerD. SingerA96.The process of respiration in humans involves oxygen and _______.97.What is the name of the famous detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle?A. Hercule PoirotB. Sherlock HolmesC. Miss MarpleD. Sam Spade98.My brother loves _______ (打篮球).99.I like to _____ (explore) the city.100.I wish I could fly like a ________ (鸟).。

根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术治疗胰体尾癌安全性与有效性的Meta分析陈凯; 王琦; 高红桥; 杨尹默; 田孝东【期刊名称】《《腹腔镜外科杂志》》【年(卷),期】2019(024)009【总页数】7页(P665-671)【关键词】胰体尾肿瘤; 根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术; Meta分析; 预后【作者】陈凯; 王琦; 高红桥; 杨尹默; 田孝东【作者单位】北京大学第一医院北京 100034【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R735.9胰腺癌恶性程度高、手术切除术率低、对传统放化疗不敏感，因此治疗效果极差，总体5年生存率仅为8.5%[1]。

胰体尾癌由于解剖位置深在，早期无任何临床症状，诊断时肿瘤常较大，容易突破胰腺包膜浸润其后方的左肾上腺、肾脂肪囊，因此根治性切除率更低[2]。

为提高胰体尾癌的R0切除率、获得更好的根治效果，2003年Strasberg等[3]首次提出了根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术(radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy，RAMPS)的概念，其要点是强调更深层面的切除，包括左肾前筋膜与肾前脂肪囊的切除，甚至切除左侧肾上腺。

与传统标准逆行性胰体尾脾切除术(standard retrograde pancreatosplenectomy，SRPS)相比，RAMPS具有更高的R0切除率，能获得更多的淋巴结、更好的短期预后，近年受到胰腺外科学者的广泛关注[4]。

然而，目前关于RAMPS与SRPS安全性、有效性的比较研究仍缺乏大样本的高级别循证医学证据，尤其胰腺癌远期预后的影响，尚无一致结论。

本文通过Meta分析方法，对目前已发表的关于比较RAMPS与SRPS治疗胰体尾癌安全性、有效性等指标的临床试验进行系统分析，旨在评价RAMPS治疗胰体尾癌的临床应用价值。

1 资料与方法1.1 文献检索计算机检索PubMed、Embase、MEDLINE、Web of Science、万方、中国知网、The Cochrane Library(Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)等数据库在2019年7月19号前发表的中、英文文献，检索词为“(radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy OR RAMPS(Title/Abstract))AND(Pancreas OR Pancreatic(Title/Abstract))”(英文数据库)与“(根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术OR radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy OR RAMPS(题名/摘要))AND(胰腺癌OR Pancreatic Cancer(主题词))”(中文数据库)。

面对面酒吧市场推广方案Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)文献质量评价量表(中文版）病例对照研究注：每一项研究在“选择”和“暴露”上的每一个条目最多可以有一个而在“可比性”上的条目最多可以有两个选择1)病例的定义是否充分？a)是，并有独立验证（如至少2名医生共同对病例做出诊断；或至少依据2 种或2次的诊断结果；或者查阅了原始记录，如X线、医院病历）*b)是，并有联动数据(如根据肿瘤登记数据中的ICD编码来判断是否为病例）或基于自我报告，但无原始记录c)没有说明2)病例的代表性a)连续收集且有代表性的病例（如规定时间内患有目标疾病的所有合格病例；或特定饮水供应区的所有病例；或特定医院或诊所、一组医院、健康管理机构的所有病例；或从这些病例中得到的一个合适的样本，如随机样本）*b)存在潜在的选择偏倚或没有说明3)对照的选择a)社区对照*b)医院对照c)没有说明4)对照的定义a)没有疾病史（或未发生终点事件）*b)没有说明来源可比性1)基于设计或分析所得的病例与对照的可比性a)研宄控制了 __________ (选择最重要的因素，如年龄）（如设计时，病例和对照按年龄匹配；或两组人群的年龄比较无统计学差异）*b)研宄控制了其他重要的混杂因素（如设计时，病例和对照除按年龄匹配以外，还匹配了其他因素；或两组人群的其他重要混杂因素之间的比较无统计学差异）*暴露1)暴露的确定a)可靠的记录（如手术记录）*b)在盲法（不清楚谁是病例，谁是对照）的情况下，采用结构化调查获得*c)在非盲（已清楚谁是病例，谁是对照）的情况下进行的调查d)书面的自我报告或病历记录e)无描述2)病例和对照的暴露是否采用了相同的确定方法a)是*b)没有3)无应答率a)两组的无应答相同*b)无描述c)两组的无应答率不同且没有说明原因队列研究注：每一项研究在“选择”和“结局”上的每一个条目最多可以有一个“*”。

而在“可比性”上的条目最多可以有两个“*”。

2024年外研版英语小学五年级上学期期中复习试题与参考答案一、听力部分（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、听力材料：A. Hello, how are you?B. I’m fine, thank you. And you?C. I’m also fine.Question: How is the speaker in option B?Answer: C. I’m also fine.Explanation: The speaker in option B responds with “I’m fine, thank you. And you?” indicating that they are also fine.2、听力材料：A. I like playing soccer.B. My favorite color is blue.C. I have a cat named Tom.Question: What is the speaker’s favorite activ ity in option A? Answer: A. I like playing soccer.Explanation: The speaker in option A explicitly states their favorite activity as “playing soccer.”3、Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer. What does the boy want to do after school?A. Play footballB. Go to the libraryC. Visit his grandmaAudio Clip Transcription:•Boy: Hey, Mum, can I go and play football with my friends after school?•Mum: Sure, but make sure you’re back before dinner.•Boy: Thanks, Mum!Answer: A. Play footballExplanation: In the conversation, the boy asks his mother if he can play football with his friends after school, and his mother agrees. Therefore, the correct answer is that the boy wants to play football after school.4、Listen to the description and select the right place where Sarah is going this weekend.A. To the beachB. To the mountainsC. To the zooAudio Clip Transcription:•Narrator: Sarah is very excited because this weekend she’s going on a trip. She loves animals and can’t wait to see the lions, tigers, and elephants. She’s been lookingforward to this visit all week long.Answer: C. To the zooExplanation:The narrator explains that Sarah is excited about her upcoming trip because she loves animals and is eager to see various types of wildlife such as lions, tigers, and elephants. This indicates that Sarah is going to the zoo, making C the correct answer.This section is designed to test the listening comprehension skills of the students, requiring them to understand spoken English and select the most appropriate response based on what they hear.5、Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer.A. The girl is eating an apple.B. The boy is playing with a ball.C. They are both reading books.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation mentions “the boy is playing with a ball,” indicating the correct answer.6、Listen to the dialogue and complete the sentence with the missing word.The weather is very___________today. It’s sunny and warm.A. cloudyB. sunnyC. rainyAnswer: BExplanation: The sentence describes a sunny and warm day, so the correct word to complete the sentence is “sunny.”7.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to complete the sentence.A. The cat is sleeping on the table.B. The dog is eating in the kitchen.C. The bird is flying outside.Answer: CExplanation: In the dialogue, you can hear the person saying, “Look outside, the bird is flying.” This indicates that the correct answer is C.8.Listen to the short passage and fill in the blanks with the missing words.The sun is shining, and the flowers are blooming. It’s a beautiful day. We can go to the park. The park is full of trees and a river. We can play hide and seek and fly a kite. We will have a lot of fun.Answer: park, trees, river, play, flyExplanation: The passage describes a beautiful day at the park. The missing words should complete the sentences in the passage. The correct answers are “park,” “trees,” “river,” “play,” and “fly.”9.You hear a conversation between two friends, Alice and Bob. They are discussing their favorite subjects in school.Alice: I really enjoy my math class, Bob. Do you have a favorite subject too?Bob: Oh, definitely! I love science. It’s so fascinating to learn about different experiments.Question: What is Bob’s favorite subject?A. MathB. ScienceC. EnglishD. HistoryAnswer: B. ScienceExplanation: Bob explicitly states that his favorite subject is science, making option B the correct answer.10.You listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student, Lisa.Teacher: Lisa, how was your science project that you presented last week?Lisa: It was amazing, Mrs. Johnson! I learned so much about plants. The whole class seemed really interested in my project.Question: What did Lisa present in her science project?A. A story about animalsB. A model of a plantC. A drawing of a riverD. A recipe for cookingAnswer: B. A model of a plantExplanation: Lisa mentions that she presented a project about plants, which implies she created a model, making option B the correct answer.11.Listen to the conversation between two students, Jack and Alice, and answer the following question.How does Alice feel about the math test?A. ExcitedB. NervousC. BoredD. ConfidentAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Alice says, “I’m a little nervous about the math test tomorrow.” This indicates that she i s feeling nervous.12.Listen to a short dialogue between a teacher and a student about a school event, and choose the correct answer to the following question.What event are they talking about?A. Sports DayB. Science FairC. Art ShowD. Music ConcertAnswer: BExplanation: The teacher mentions, “The science fair is next week, and you need to prepare your project.” This confirms that they are discussing the Science Fair event.二、选择题（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、Choose the word that best completes the sentence.A. applesB. orangesC. peachesD. bananasI like to eat___________for breakfast.A. applesB. orangesC. peachesD. bananasAnswer: AExplanation: The sentence is about a preference for a fruit to eat for breakfast. “Apples” is a common breakfast fruit, m aking it the most logical choice.2、Select the sentence that correctly uses the past tense.A. She is playing soccer.B. She played soccer yesterday.C. She will play soccer tomorrow.D. She plays soccer every weekend.Answer: BExplanation: The past tense indicates an action that has already happened. “She played soccer yesterday” correctly describes a past event. The other options are in present tense or future tense.3、Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.The cat___________under the bed when we came home.A. was sittingB. satC. had satD. will sitAnswer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “was sitting” because it indicates an action that was ongoing at a specific time in the past, which is when they came home. The past continuous tense is used to describe an action happening at a particular moment in the past.4、Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.If it___________(rain), we will stay indoors.A. will rainB. rainsC. would rainD. had rainedAnswer: BExplanation: The correct answer is “rains” because it is the present simple tense, which is used to express a general truth or habitual action. The sentence suggests a conditional situation that could happen in the future, so the present tense is appropriate.5.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.The cat was sleeping on the __________.B. tableC. sofaAnswer: A. chairExplanation: The correct choice is “chair” because it is a common place where a cat might sleep, especially if it is small enough to fit comfortably on it. The other options, “table” and “sofa,” are less likely as they are typically larger and not as conducive to a cat’s size.6.Select the word that does not belong in the following list.sunny, windy, snowy, rainy, __________.A. cloudyB. stormyC. foggyAnswer: B. stormyExplanation: “Stormy” is the word that does not belong in the list. The other words describe different types of weather conditions that involve precipitation or specific atmospheric conditions: “sunny” for clear skies, “windy” for strong wind, “snowy” for snowfall, and “rainy” for rainfall. “Cloudy” and “foggy” are also weather-related terms, making “stormy” the outlier.7.Choose the word that has the same pronunciation as the word “cat”.A. capC. catD. carAnswer: CExplanation: The wor d “cat” is pronounced as /kæt/. Among the given options, “cat” itself has the same pronunciation. The other options have different pronunciations: A. cap (/kæp/), B. can (/kæn/), D. car (/kɑːr/).8.Select the sentence that is grammatically correct.A. She is running very fast.B. She is very run very fast.C. She running very fast.D. She very fast running.Answer: AExplanation: The grammatically correct sentence is “She is running very fast.” This sentence has a subject “She,” a verb “is running,” and an adverb “very fast” that modifies the verb. The other options contain grammatical errors: B. “She is very run very fast” has two verbs without proper conjunctions, C. “She running very fast” is missing the auxiliary verb “is,” and D. “She very fast running” has the adverb misplaced.9.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:The cat is very __________, it never meows.A. quietC. happyD. sadAnswer: A. quietExplanation: The sentence describes the cat’s behavior, which is not making noise. “Quiet” means not making any noise, so it is the correct choice. “Noisy” would imply the cat makes noise, “happy” and “sad” are emotions, not characteristics related to making noise.10.Read the sentence and choose the correct word to complete it:The boy is playing with his__________in the garden.A. booksB. toysC. pencilsD. erasersAnswer: B. toysExplanation: The context of the sentence suggests that the boy is engaging in a playful activity, which is more likely to involve toys rather than books, pencils, or erasers. Toys are objects typically used for play, making “toys” the correct choice.11.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.If you want to learn English well, you should________a lot of English words every day.B. studyC. practiceD. readAnswer: DExplanation: The sentence talks about the action of reading English words, which is the best way to improve vocabulary. Therefore, “read” is the co rrect choice.plete the sentence with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.They________(go) to the park this weekend.A. are goingB. goC. wentD. will goAnswer: AExplanation: The sentence describes a future plan, so the correct form of the verb should be in the present continuous tense, which is “are going.”三、完型填空（10分）Passage for Cloze Test:My favorite animal is the 1(1). It’s a 2 (2) creature that lives in theforest. The 3 (3) of the deer is very special. Its 4 (4) are a mix of brown and white, which helps it blend in with the trees. I remember the first time I sawa deer in the forest. It was 5 (5) quiet and graceful.1.A. cat B. dog C. bird D. deer2.A. wild B. domestic C. friendly D. rare3.A. skin B. feathers C. fur D. scales4.A. skin B. feathers C. fur D. scales5.A. so B. too C. very D. quiteAnswer Key:1.D. deer2.A. wild3.C. fur4.C. fur5.D. quite四、阅读理解（26分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:The following is a story about a little girl named Lily who loves to help others. Lily lives in a small town with her parents and two younger brothers. Every morning, she wakes up early to do some chores around the house. After that, she helps her mother prepare breakfast for the family.One day, while Lily was walking to school, she saw an old woman sitting on the bench, looking tired and sad. The woman was holding a small bag, and her eyes were red from crying. Lily felt sorry for her and decided to help her.Lily asked the woman what was wrong. The old woman explained that she had lost her way and couldn’t find her way back home. Lily offered to help her find the way. They started walking together, and Lily showed the woman the way to the nearest bus stop.After reaching the bus stop, the old woman thanked Lily for her kindness. Lily smiled and said, “It’s my pleasure, ma’am. I’m glad I could help.”The next day, Lily’s teacher asked the class to write about an act of kindness they had seen or done. Lily wrote about her experience with the old woman. Her teacher read her story to the class, and everyone clapped for her.Questions:1.What does Lily do every morning before school?A) She goes to the library.B) She helps her mother prepare breakfast.C) She plays with her brothers.D) She watches TV.2.Why did Lily feel sorry for the old woman?A) She was hungry.B) She was crying.C) She was lonely.D) She was tired.3.What did Lily do to help the old woman find her way home?A) She gave her money.B) She walked with her to the bus stop.C) She called a taxi for her.D) She gave her a ride home.Answers:1.B) She helps her mother prepare breakfast.2.B) She was crying.3.B) She walked with her to the bus stop.五、写作题（16分）Imagine you are participating in a school science fair. Your project is about renewable energy sources. Write a short essay (100-120 words) describing your project, its purpose, and why you think renewable energy is important. Be sure to include the following points:1.The name of your project.2.A brief explanation of what your project entails.3.The significance of renewable energy in our world today.Writing Example:Project Name: “The Sun’s Power: Harnessing Solar Energy”My project, “The Sun’s Power: Harnessing Solar Energy,” focuses on creating a small-scale solar-powered generator. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate how solar energy can be used to power small electronic devices,such as mobile phones and flashlights, reducing our reliance on non-renewable energy sources.Renewable energy is crucial in our world today because it helps combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy, in particular, is abundant and inexhaustible, making it a sustainable solution for meeting our energy needs. By promoting the use of solar power, we can contribute to a cleaner, greener future.Writing Analysis:•The essay meets the required word count (100-120 words).•The essay includes all the required points: the name of the project, a brief explanation of the project, and the significance of renewableenergy.•The project name is descriptive and relevant to the topic of renewable energy.•The explanation of the project is clear and concise, explaining its purpose and potential impact.•The significance of renewable energy is discussed, with a specific focus on solar energy and its role in reducing emissions and promotingsustainability.。